山西省大同市2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

高一英语(人教版)试题(考试时长：60分钟满分：100分)注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分15分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有一分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Roommates.B.Classmates.C.Neighbors.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Athome.B.Atanoffice.C.Intheclassroom.3.WhatdoesJeffprobablywanttodo?A.Goshopping.B.Havearest.C.Watchamovie.4.HowistheweatherinDeathValley?A.Nottoobad.B.Toocoldatnight.C.It’shotintheday.5.Howdidthewomanknowaboutherresults?A.Fromthenewspaper.B.Byphonecall.C.Onthewebsite.第二节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面2段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各 小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.HowwillthemangotoHongKong?A.Byplane.B.Bycar.C.Bytrain.7.Howmuchwillthemanpay?A.1,208dollars.B.1,218dollars.C.1,280dollars.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatmightbethespeaker?A.Ateacher.B.Aworker.C.Astudent.9.Howlongwillittakethemtogettothesportscenter?A.Tenminutes.B.Twentyminutes.C.Thirtyminutes.10Whatwillbeprovidedatthesportscenter?A.Water.B.Food.C.Differentdrinks.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGreatSmokyMountainsNationalParkRangeuponrangeofforestliesontheborderbetweenNorthCarolinaandTennesseeinGreatSmokyMountainsNationalPark.Worldfamousforitsdiversityofplantandanimallifeandthebeautyofitsancientmountains,thisisAmerica’smostvisitednationalpark.Planyourvisittoday!BearsintheSmokiesTheSmokiesisoneofthelargestprotectedareaswhereblackbearscanliveinwild,naturalsurroundings.Theyaremostenergeticduringearlymorningandlateeveninghoursinspringandsummer.Whatdeservesaspecialmentionisthatroughly1,500bearsliveinthepark,whichequalsapopulationdensity(密度)ofnearlytwobearspersquaremile.Ifyouseeabear,remainwatchful.AbramsFallsAlthoughAbramsFallsisonly20feethigh,thelargevolumeofwaterrushingoverfallsmorethanmakesupforitslackofheight.Thelong,deeppoolatitsbaseisverypicturesque.Duetostrongcurrents,swimminginisextremelydangerous.Don’tbethenextvictim! HistoricBuildingsTheSmokiesholdsoneofthebestcollectionsoflog(圆木)buildings.Over90historicstructures-houses,churchesandschools—havebeenwellpreservedinthepark.Self-guidingautotourbookletsareavailableateachplacetoenhanceyourvisit.FrequentlyAskedQuestions1.WherecanIcampinthepark?Theparkoffers10developedcampgroundsfortentcampers.Campsitesforlargegroupsarealsoavailableinmanycampgrounds.Advancereservationsarerequired.2.CanIholdmyweddingorotherspecialeventsinthepark?Weddingsandotherspecialeventsrequireapermit.1.WhatisspecialaboutthebearsintheSmokies?A.Theyhavegentlenature.B.Theyarekeptinthefence.C.Theyarehugeinnumber.D.Theyareactiveinthefall.2.Whichofthefollowingdoestheparkprovide?A.Travelbrochures.B.Cameras.C.Campingtents.D.Meals.3.Whatisrequiredifpeoplewanttocampinthepark?A.Getabooklet.B.Comeingroups.C.Askforapermit.D.Bookinadvance.【答案】1.C2.A3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了美国著名国家公园——大烟雾山国家公园的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据BearsintheSmokies部分“Whatdeservesaspecialmentionisthatroughly1,500bearsliveinthepark,whichequalsapopulationdensity(密度)ofnearlytwobearspersquaremile.(值得特别一提的是，公园里生活着大约1500只熊，这相当于每平方英里近两只熊的种群密度)”可知，关于大烟雾山国家公园的熊，独特之处在于其数量众多。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HistoricBuildings部分“Self-guidingautotourbookletsareavailableateachplacetoenhanceyourvisit.(每个地方都有自助导游手册，以增进您的参观)”可知，公园可提供游览手册。故选A。【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据FrequentlyAskedQuestions部分“Advancereservationsarerequired.(需要提前预订)”可知，在大烟雾山国家公园露营需要提前预约。故选D。BForthousandsofyears,peoplehavebeenfascinatedbydolphins.Dolphinshavedevelopedanumberofsimilarpersonalityqualitiestohumans’,suchascuriosityandsociability,despitehavingdevelopedinvastlydifferentenvironments,researchershavefound.Recently,aBritishresearchteamfinishedaneight-yearstudyofIndo-PacificdolphinsoffthecoastofWesternAustralia.Thesedolphinscanusedifferenttoolstosearchforfood.Theresearchersfoundthatthesedolphinsaremorewillingtowalkwithpartnersthatlikethesametool.Otherparts,likefamilyclosenessorsex,havenoimpactonthisrelationship.“Itsuggeststhatdolphinsformsocialrelationshipbasedonsharedinterests,”UKbiologistSimonsaid.Apartfromdolphins,elephants,horsesandbatsarealsoknowntoformfriendships.Arefriendshipsonlylimitedtothesamespecies?Ofcoursenot.In2015,agoatTimurwasoriginallyleftinthetigerAmur’senclosure(围场)asameal.ButinsteadofeatingTimur,AmurlikestoplaywithTimur.Scientistssaidit’snotunusualamongcaptive(圈禁的)animals.That’sbecauseincaptivity,animalsdon’tneedtospendmuchtimeandenergymarkingtheirkingdomorlookingformatesthewaytheywouldinthewild.Theyareactuallymorelikelytofeelbored.Inthisparticularsituation,theanimal’slovetoengagesociallyandplayfullymaybehigherthaneating.4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingdolphin’scharacters?A.Dolphinsprefertohuntforfoodingroups.B.Dolphinstendtomakefriendslikehumans.C.Dolphinsaremorecuriousthanhumanbeings.D.Dolphinsmakefriendsbasedonfamilycloseness.5.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Showingcaptiveanimalsarefriendlierthanothers.B.Explainingwhycaptiveanimalscanformfriendship.C.Describinghowdifferentanimalsgetalongwithoneanother.D.Comparingdifferencesbetweenagoatandatiger’sfriendship.【答案】4.B5.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究成果——动物之间也会根据相同的爱好交朋友。【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Dolphinshavedevelopedanumberofsimilarpersonalityqualitiestohumans’,suchascuriosityandsociability,(海豚已经养成了许多与人类相似的性格特征，如好奇心和社交能力)”以及“Theresearchersfoundthatthesedolphinsaremorewillingtowalkwithpartnersthatlikethesametool.(研究人员发现，这些海豚更愿意与喜欢相同工具的伙伴一起散步)”可推知，通过介绍海豚的特征，作者想要展示海豚倾向于像人类一样交朋友。故选B项。【5题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“That’sbecauseincaptivity,animalsdon’tneedtospendmuchtimeandenergymarkingtheirkingdomorlookingformatesthewaytheywouldinthewild.Theyareactuallymorelikelytofeelbored.Inthisparticularsituation,theanimal’slovetoengagesociallyandplayfullymaybehigherthaneating.(这是因为在圈养环境中，动物不需要像在野外那样花费太多时间和精力来标记自己的王国或寻找配偶。实际上，它们更容易感到无聊。在这种特殊情况下，动物对社交和娱乐的喜爱程度可能高于进食)”可知，本段主要解释了圈养动物可以形成友谊的原因。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Procrastination(拖延症)islikeacreditcard.____6____.Sohowtostopprocrastinatingandbemoreproductive?Thefollowingwayscanhelpyouloweryourchancesofprocrastination.Soherewego...____7____Planbymakingalistofeverythingyouhavetodothenextday.Youwillfeelanunusualforcethatwillpushyoutocompletethework.Thissimplestepwouldmakeyourdayorganizedandproductive.So,everydaywritedownyourplansonpaperandpastethemonyourwallsothatyoucan’tescapethem.____8____,anditshouldcontainthelistofactivities(whichyoumayprocrastinate)withthetimeyouwanttobegindoingit.Startfromthemostimportant____9____.Weblameeverythingontheshortageoftime.Actually,youwillneverhaveenoughtimetodoeverything.Butyoualwayshaveenoughtimetodowhatisthemostimportantandwhattrulymatters.So,youhavetofocusonlyonthoseimportantandmeaningfulthingsandleteverythinggo.Removethedistraction(干扰)Focusyourattentiononwhatyoudo.Inotherwords,youhavetododeepworktogetthemostoutofeveryminute.Andit’sonlypossibleifyouworkinadistraction-freeenvironment.____10____.So,itwouldbebetterifyoukeepitsilentorinflightmode.Ifyouconstantlygettheurgetocheckyourphone,youcankeepitinanotherroomuntilyoucompleteyourwork,assumingyourworkdoesn’tinvolvethephone.Doremembertoprepareyourself fordeepworkbyremovingallthedistractions.A.PlaninadvanceB.MakeitlooksimpleC.It’salotoffununtilyougetthebillD.ThemostcommondistractionisthephoneE.YouhavenodesiretoworkonthatboringprojectF.YourplanshouldbepreferablymadeadaybeforeG.Mostofthetime,wecomplainthatwedon’tgetenoughtime【答案】6.C7.A8.F9.G10.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了克服拖延症的三种方法。【6题详解】上文“Procrastination(拖延症)islikeacreditcard.(拖延症就像信用卡)”说明拖延症与信用卡类似，结合常识，信用卡使用之后会收到账单，C项中bill是关键词，C项“在你拿到账单之前都很有趣”承接上文，符合题意。故选C。【7题详解】下文“Planbymakingalistofeverythingyouhavetodothenextday.(通过列出第二天要做的所有事情来计划)”具体说明制定计划的方法，A项“提前计划”总结本段内容，可以作为段落标题句，符合题意。故选A。【8题详解】下文“anditshouldcontainthelistofactivities(whichyoumayprocrastinate)withthetimeyouwanttobegindoingit.(并且它应该包含活动列表（你可能会拖延的）以及你想开始做的时间)”中it指代所制定的计划，说明计划中应包含还未做的活动以及想要开始做的时间，F项中plan是关键词，F项“你的计划最好提前一天制定”引出下文，符合题意。故选F。【9题详解】下文“Weblameeverythingontheshortageoftime.(我们把一切都归咎于时间不足)”说明我们会把时间不足当作原因，G项中time是关键词，G项“大多数时候，我们抱怨没有足够的时间”引出下文，符合题意。故选G。【10题详解】下文“So,itwouldbebetterifyoukeepitsilentorinflightmode.Ifyouconstantlygettheurgetocheckyourphone,youcankeepitinanotherroomuntilyoucompleteyourwork,assumingyourworkdoesn’tinvolvethe phone.(所以，如果你让它处于静音或飞行模式，那会更好。如果你经常有查看手机冲动，假设你的工作不涉及手机，你可以把手机放在另一个房间，直到你完成工作)”说明调整手机到不会干扰工作状态的方法，D项中phone是关键词，D项“最常见的干扰是手机”引出下文，符合题意。故选D。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2分，满分20分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inthedayswhenanicecreamcostmuchless,a10-year-oldboyenteredahotelcoffeeshopand____11____atatable.Awaitress____12____himaglassofwater.“Howmuchisanicecream?”“50cents,”____13____thewaitress.Thelittleboypulledhishandoutofhispocket,asking“____14____isadishofplainicecream?”Somepeoplewerenowwaitingfora____15____andthewaitresswasabit____16____.“35cents,”shesaidquickly.Thelittleboyagaincountedthe____17____.“I’llhavetheplainicecream,”hesaid.Thewaitressbroughttheicecream,putthe____18____onthetableandwalkedaway.Theboyfinishedtheicecream,paidthecashierandleft.Whenthewaitresscameback,shebegan____19____thetableandthenwasmovedtotearsatwhatshesaw.There,onthetable,placedneatlybesidetheempty_____20_____,were15cents—hertip.11.A.satB.lookedC.ateD.stood12.A.soldB.servedC.tookD.bought13.A.suggestedB.shoutedC.criedD.replied14.A.WhereB.HowC.HowmuchD.Howoften15.A.tableB.callC.deskD.chair16.A.excitedB.anxiousC.unsatisfiedD.impatient17.A.fingersB.notesC.coinsD.letters18.A.paperB.billC.cardD.change19.A.movingawayB.clearingupC.settingupD.puttingaway20.A.dishB.bottleC.bagD.can【答案】11.A12.B13.D14.C15.A16.D17.C18.B19.B20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了善良的小男孩本可以买一个贵点的冰激凌，而他却买了一个较便宜的，把剩余的钱作为小费给了女服务员的暖心故事。【11题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在冰淇淋价格低得多的日子里，一个10岁的男孩走进一家酒店咖啡店，坐在 桌子旁。A.sat坐；B.looked看；C.ate吃；D.stood站。根据上文“a10-year-oldboyenteredahotelcoffeeshopand”以及语境可知，男孩走近咖啡店，坐在桌子旁。故选A项。【12题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位女服务员给他端了一杯水。A.sold出售；B.served端上；C.took取走；D.bought买。根据下文“himaglassofwater”以及常识可知，女服务员给男孩端上来一杯水。故选B项。【13题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“50美分，”女服务员回答。A.suggested建议；B.shouted喊；C.cried哭；D.replied回答。根据上文“Howmuchisanicecream?”可知，此处表示女服务员回答了男孩的问题。故选D项。【14题详解】考查疑问词词义辨析。句意：一份普通冰淇淋多少钱？A.Where哪里；B.How如何；C.Howmuch多少钱；D.Howoften多长时间一次。根据下文““35cents,”shesaidquickly.”可知，此处表示男孩继续问一份普通冰淇淋需要多少钱。故选C项。【15题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些人正在等桌位，女服务员有点不耐烦。A.table桌；B.call通话；C.desk书桌；D.chair椅子。根据上文“Somepeoplewerenowwaitingfora”以及语境可知，此处表示有人在排队等桌位，waitforatable表示“等桌位”，符合题意。故选A项。【16题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些人正在等桌位，女服务员有点不耐烦。A.excited兴奋的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.unsatisfied不满意的；D.impatient不耐烦的。根据上文“Somepeoplewerenowwaitingfora____5____andthewaitresswasabit”以及下文““35cents,”shesaidquickly.”可知，有人正在等桌位，所以男孩再次提问时，女服务员有点不耐烦。故选D项。【17题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：小男孩再次清点了硬币。A.fingers手指；B.notes注释；C.coins硬币；D.letters字母。根据上文“Thelittleboyagaincountedthe”以及语境可知，此处表示男孩再次清点自己的硬币。故选C项。【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：女服务员端来冰淇淋，把账单放在桌子上，然后走开了。A.paper纸张；B.bill账单；C.card卡片；D.change改变。根据上文“Thewaitressbroughttheicecream,putthe”以及常识可知，此处表示女服务员端来男孩点的冰淇淋，并把账单放在了桌子上。故选B项。【19题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当女服务员回来，她开始清理桌子，然后被她看到的东西感动得热泪盈眶。A.movingaway搬走；B.clearingup清理；C.settingup设置；D.puttingaway收起。根据上文“Theboyfinishedtheicecream,paidthecashierandleft.”以及常识可知，男孩吃完离开后，女服务员开始清理桌子。故选B项。20题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：桌子上，整齐地放在空盘子旁边的是15美分——她的小费。A.dish盘子；B.bottle瓶子；C.bag袋子；D.can罐。根据上文“____4____isadishofplainicecream?”可知，此处表示男孩吃完冰淇淋后，留在桌子上的空盘子。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheUnitedNations,knownasUN,isanintergovernmentalorganizationwhosestatedpurposesare___21___(keep)internationalpeaceandsecurity,developfriendlyrelationsamongnations,achieveinternationalcooperation,___22___beacentreforharmonizingtheactionsofnations.Itwasfoundedin1945and___23___(have)about193memberstatesnow.ThisisthereasonwhytheUNhasahugenumberoftranslatorsandinterpreters,sinceinternationalmeetingsintheUNareattendedbypeoplewhospeaksomanydifferentlanguages.Translatorsarepeoplewhousuallyworkwithwrittenlanguage,whileinterpretersworkwithspokenlanguage.Meetings___24___onlytwolanguagesareusedmayneedonlyoneinterpreter,whileabit___25___(large)eventswhereleadersfrommanycountriesgathermayneedover70interpreters.Therearetwomainwaysthataninterpretercanprovidespokentranslation.Firstisthemethodwhichrequiresthespeakertostopeveryfewsentences,sotheinterpretercantranslate___26___(that)sentencesfortheaudience.Thesecondmethodis___27___oneinwhichtheinterpreterlistensandtranslatesatthesametime.Thissecondmethodismoredifficult,buttheplacewheretheinterpreter___28___(locate)isnotsoimportant.Theinterpretercanbeina___29___(complete)differentlocationfromthespeaker,listenthroughheadphones,andtranslateforanaudience___30___(sit)inanotherlocation!【答案】21.tokeep22.and23.has24.where25.larger26.those27.the28.islocated29.completely30.sitting 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了联合国大会上口译和笔译的情况。【21题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：联合国，简称UN，是一个政府间组织，其宗旨是维护国际和平与安全，发展国家间友好关系，实现国际合作，并成为协调各国行动的中心。分析句子，句中are为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词。表示“，目的是去做某事”使用不定式作表语。故填tokeep。【22题详解】考查连词。句意：同上。分析句子结构可知，此处的be与前面的develop和achieve形成并列关系。故填and。【23题详解】考查动词。句意：联合国成立于1945年，目前约有193个成员国。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中now为一般现在时的标志，主语为it是第三人称单数。故填has。【24题详解】考查定语从句。句意：只使用两种语言的会议可能只需要一名口译员，而许多国家领导人聚集的大型活动可能需要70多名口译员。分析句子，设空处使用引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词meetings，表示“在会议中”。故填where。【25题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：同上。根据句中abit可知，此处表示“较大的会议”应该使用比较级。large为形容词，意为“大的”，其比较级为larger。故填larger。【26题详解】考查代词。句意：第一种方法是要求演讲者每隔几句就停下来，这样口译员就可以为听众翻译这些句子。分析句子，由空后sentences可知，应用that的复数形式。故填those。【27题详解】考查冠词。句意：第二种方法是口译员一边听一边翻译。分析句子，句中的one代替主语Thesecondmethod，表特指。故填the。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：第二种方法比较困难，但解释器所在的位置并不那么重要。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语。句中belocated为固定短语，意为“坐落于”，此处表示客观事实。故使用一般现在时。故填islocated。【29题详解】考查副词。句意：口译员可以在与演讲者完全不同的位置，通过耳机收听，并为坐在另一个位置的观众翻 译！分析句子，设空处应该使用complete的副词completely作状语，修饰形容词different，意为“完全地”。故填completely。【30题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中translate为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，audience与sit之间是主动关系，且表示进行，故使用现在分词作后置定语。故填sitting。第四部分写作(满分20分)31.假定你是李华，你的笔友David发邮件向你询问上好汉语课的注意事项，请你回复，内容包括：1.课前预习；2.认真听讲；3.勤做笔记。注意：1.写作词数应80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearDavid,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely,LiHua【答案】DearDavid,KnowingthatyouwouldliketodowellinChineseclass,I’mwritingtosharewithyousomepracticalsuggestions.Withproperguidanceandenoughpractice,you’reboundtolearnChinesewell.Tobeginwith,itisadvisablethatyoushouldpreparelessonsbeforeclass.Besides,listeningcarefullyinclassisalsoofgreatimportance.Lastbutnotleast,takenotesfrequently,whichwillhelpyoudevelopabetterunderstandingofChineseafterclass.HopeyouwillgainincrediblesuccessinlearningChinese.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yourssincerely,LiHua 【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给笔友David回复邮件，就如何上好汉语课提出建议。【详解】1.词汇积累建议：suggestion→advice此外：besides→what’smore希望：hope→wish获得：gain→achieve2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Besides,listeningcarefullyinclassisalsoofgreatimportance.拓展句：Besides,itisalsoofgreatimportancethatyoulistencarefullyinclass.【点睛】【高分句型1】Tobeginwith,itisadvisablethatyoushouldpreparelessonsbeforeclass.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语）【高分句型2】Lastbutnotleast,takenotesfrequently,whichwillhelpyoudevelopabetterunderstandingofChineseafterclass.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）听力答案：1-5BABCC6-10ACABA