重庆市南开中学2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期中试题（Word版附解析）

重庆市高2023届高三第三次质量检测英语试题第一部分听力(共两节;满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatmightthewomanbe?A.Anurse.B.Adoctor.C.Apatient.2.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Sellherfurniture.B.Findaroommate.C.Rentafurnishedapartment.3.Howdidthewomanfeelduringthelecture?A.Bored.B.Interested.C.Confused.4.Whatistheman’sproblem?A.He’soutofcash.B.Hehaslosthiscreditcard.C.Hecan’tfindagasstation.5.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.Inastadium.C.Inarestaurant.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisthepartyheldfor?A.Maria’sbirthday.B.Maria’spromotion.C.Maria’sretirement.7.Wherewasthepartyoriginallyscheduledtotakeplace?A.Intheoffice.B.Inthegarden.C.Intheconferenceroom. 听下面一段对话，回答第8、9题。8.WhatdoweknowaboutJohn?A.Heisonsickleave.B.Hewasfiredbythecompany.C.Hehasbeenworkingovertime.9.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atnoon.B.Inthemorning.C.Intheevening.听下面一段对话，回答第10至12题。10.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anewtechnology.B.Atomato-shapedtimer.C.Atimemanagementtechnique.11.Whatisthefirststeptowriteanessay?A.Setthetimer.B.Writeaclearto-dolist.C.Considerthestagesofthetask.12.Whatissaidabouttheboy?A.Heisatopstudent.B.HeinventedthePomodoroTechnique.C.Hespent25minutesinwritinganessay.听下面一段对话，回答第13至16题。13.Forwhomisthewomanrentingthecar?A.Herself.B.Herhusband.C.Herfamily.14.Whenwillthewomanreturnthecar?A.OnMarch21st.B.OnMarch24th.C.OnMarch25th.15.Whycan’tthewomanchooseothercarsexceptaToyotaoraNissan?A.Theyaretooexpensive.B.Theyarenotbigenough.C.Theyarenotavailablenow.16.Whatshouldthewomandobeforeshereturnsthecar?ACleanit.B.Checkit.C.Fillitup.听下面一段独白，回答第17至20题。17.Whoisthespeakertryingtoreach?A.Thefrontdesk.B.Thehotelowner.C.Theroomservice.18.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofthehotel?A.Theserviceisunreliable. B.Thefacilitiesareoutdated.C.Theroomrateisunreasonable.19.Whatdidthehotelassurethespeakerof?A.Quietsurroundings.B.Asmokingroom.C.Russianspeakingstaff.20.Whatwillthespeakerprobablydo?A.Tellthepress.B.Contacthislawyers.C.Writeanegativereview.第二部分阅读理解(共两节;满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFunSummerBooksforGrades9—12Yes,evensomehigh-schoolsappreciaterecommendationsforvacationbooks.Encourageyourhigh-schoolchildtoreadwiththislistofapproachableteentitles.Orsurpriseyourteenwithoneofthesebookswhenyoureachthebeachandboredomsetsin!►BrownGirlDreaming,byJacquelineWoodsonThiscollectionofsimplepoemsrevealswhatitwasliketogrowupasayoungAfricanAmericangirlinthe1960sand1970s.Woodson’sautobiographicalpoetryoverflowswithloveforherfamily.BrownGirlDreamingwonmultipleawards,soilmaybeassignedclassreadingincomingyears.►TunnelVision,bySusanAdrianJakehasasecretskill.Whenheholdssomethingthatbelongstoanotherperson,hecanlocatethem,wherevertheyare.OncethegovernmentlearnsofJake’spowers,itinsiststhatheusehisskilltofindcriminals.Inthisspynovel,Jakehastodecidejusthowfarhe’swillingtoriskhisownsafetyinordertoprotectandhelpothers.Itisaseriesofmoderngraphicnovelsthathavethelookofclassiccartoons.►TheShadowHero,byGeneLuenYangCanyourmomforceyoutobecomeasuperhero?That’swhatHankChufindsout.AChineseAmericanteenin1940，Hankisreluctanttostanduptothegangs(匪徒)inhisneighborhoodwhothreatenhisfamily’sgrocerystore.ButasthemaskedGreenTurtle,hemayjusthavetheconfidencetoprotecthisfamilyandfightback.►HalfMyFacebookFriendsAreFerrets,byJ.A.BuckleThingsaren’texactlypanningoutfor17-year-oldJosh.Hewantslobeaheavymetalguitarist.Andheandhispalswishtheyhadgirlfriends.Butregularteenageobstacleslikebossyparentsandpoorself-confidencehavebeenholdinghimback. 1.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Teachers.B.Parents.C.Teenagers.D.Vacationers.2.Whichbookbestsuitspeoplewhoadorepicturebooks?A.TunnelVision.B.TheShadowHero.C.BrownGirlDreaming.D.HalfMyFacebookFriendsAreFerrets.3.WhatdoBrownGirlDreamingandTheShadowherohaveincommon?A.Botharesetinthe1940s.B.Bothwonseveralawards.C.Bothwillbetaughtatschools.D.Bothreflectcareforthefamily.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章推荐了一些9到12年级的暑期趣味读物。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Encourageyourhigh-schoolchild…(鼓励你上高中的孩子……)”和“Orsurpriseyourteen…(或者给你的孩子惊喜……)”可知，本文目标读者为青少年孩子的家长，故选B。2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段对TunnelVision描述的最后一句“Itisaseriesofmoderngraphicnovelsthathavethelookofclassiccartoons.(这是一系列具有经典动画片外观的现代漫画小说)”可知，TunnelVision为漫画小说，适合喜欢图画书的人。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段对BrownGirlDreaming的描述“Woodson’sautobiographicalpoetryoverflowswithloveforherfamily.(Woodson的自传体诗歌充满了对家人的爱)”和第四段对TheShadowHero的描述“ButasthemaskedGreenTurtle,hemayjusthavetheconfidencetoprotecthisfamilyandfightback.(但作为蒙面绿海龟，他可能只是有信心保护他的家人和反击)”可知，两者的共同点是反映了对家人的关爱，故选D。BNicoleisgrowingupeveryday.Astimepassesby,alongwiththenewskillsmasteredhascomeatalentforgettingintotrouble.Afterthefirstbirthdayshegetsmorecurious,fearlessandmobile,whilestillcluelessabouttheconsequencesofheractions.Sometimeswhenyouenterthewashingroom,you’llfindthewholerolloftoiletpaperunrolledandlyingontheground.Sometimeswhenyouenterthestudyyoufindsheisemptyingthecontentsofdrawersontothefloor.Onetimewhenshewastryingtopulladrawerout,itfellofonthefloor.Immediately,sheburstintoabigcry.Iunderstandbabiesdon’tknowrightfromwrong,andtheiractionscan’tbeconsiderednaughty,becausethey learnabouttheworldbyexperimenting,observingcauseandeffete.I’mnotgoingtostopherexplorationsmostofthetime,butI’mworriedaboutthesafetyissueindeed.Before,Icoulddepositherinasafespotlokeepbothhomeandherfromharm;now,nosuchparadiseexists.Andforthefirsttimethequestionofdisciplinehascometomymind.Thereisnoquestionthatchildrenneeddiscipline.AccordingtoMagdaCerber,aninfantexpert,“Lackofdisciplineisnotkindness;itisneglect.”Inhereyes,lovingourchildrendoesnotmeankeepingthemhappyallthetimeandavoidingpowerstruggles.Oftenitisdoingwhatfeelshardest—saying“No”andmeaningit.Forme,carryingouteffectivedisciplineisoneofthetoughesttasksofparenting,aseeminglynever-endingtestofwillsbetweenNicoleandme.Butthegoodthingisthat,althoughIcontinuetomeetoppositionfromNicolewhenIstopherpotentiallydangerousactions,Ifindgraduallysheacceptslimits.Nowshehasgottheideathatthey’rethingsshecan’tplaywithandcan’tdo.Can’tplaywithlaptops.Can’ttoucheclecticwires.Noteverythingintomouth.”Waitingtointroducedisciplineintoachild’slifemuchlaterthanlenmonthscouldmakethetaskmuchmoredifficult...”(WhattoExpecttheFirstYear,byHeidiMurk-off)Iamsogratefultohavethisbookonhand.Itmakesafirst-timemotheraqualifiedcaregiver.4.InParagraph1,theauthorillustratesherideabyA.listingstatisticsB.givingexamplesC.makingcomparisonsD.explainingcauses5.AccordingtoMagmaGerber,lovingourchildrenisA.doingthetoughestthingsforthemB.avoidingmakingthemfeelpowerfulC.settinglimitsforthemwhennecessaryD.saying“No”tothemasoftenaspossible6.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.Shelackedexperienceasanewmother.B.ShethoughtiteasytodisciplineNicole.C.ShesloppedNicole’sexplorationallthetime.D.Shehesitatedaboutdiscipliningherdaughter.7.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsstory.B.Aresearchreport.C.Apersonalessay.D.Apersuasiveletter.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.C 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己的育儿经历，来讨论什么样的育儿方式才是好的。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Sometimeswhenyouenterthewashingroom,you’llfindthewholerolloftoiletpaperunrolledandlyingontheground.Sometimeswhenyouenterthestudyyoufindsheisemptyingthecontentsofdrawersontothefloor.Onetimewhenshewastryingtopulladrawerout,itfellofonthefloor.Immediately,sheburstintoabigcry.(有时，当你走进洗手间，你会发现一整卷卫生纸摊开躺在地上。有时当你走进书房，你会发现她正在把抽屉里的东西倒在地板上。有一次，当她试图把一个抽屉拉出来时，抽屉掉到了地上。她立刻放声大哭起来)”可知作者用举例的方式阐述了她的观点，故选B项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Inhereyes,lovingourchildrendoesnotmeankeepingthemhappyallthetimeandavoidingpowerstruggles.Oftenitisdoingwhatfeelshardest—saying‘No’andmeaningit.(在她看来，爱我们的孩子并不意味着让他们一直快乐，避免权力斗争。通常是做感觉最艰难的事——说“不”并认真地说)”可知在MagdaGerber看来，爱孩子并不意味着让他们一直开心和避免(亲子关系中的)权力争斗，而常常是做一件最难的事——严肃认真地拒绝他们。故选C项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Forme,carryingouteffectivedisciplineisoneofthetoughesttasksofparenting(对我来说，实施有效的管教是为人父母最艰难的任务之一)”可知B选项错误；根据第二段“I’mnotgoingtostopherexplorationsmostofthetime(大多数时候我不会阻止她的探索)”可知C选项错误；由第三段首句“Thereisnoquestionthatchildrenneeddiscipline.(毫无疑问，孩子们需要管教)”可知D选项错误；再由文章最后一句中“Itmakesafirst-timemotheraqualifiedcaregiver.(它使第一次做母亲的人成为合格的照顾者)”可推知A为正确选项。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者规范孩子的实践过程和心得体会，再根据““Waitingtointroducedisciplineintoachild’slifemuchlaterthanlenmonthscouldmakethetaskmuchmoredifficult...”(WhattoExpecttheFirstYear,byHeidiMurk-off)(“在孩子的生活中引入纪律的时间要比几个月晚得多，这可能会让任务变得困难得多……”(《第一年会有什么》，海蒂·莫克夫著))”这是，报告的写作格式。故选C项。CAccordingtotheAmericanChemistryCouncil,in2018intheUnitedStates,27milliontonsofplasticendedupinlandfillscomparedlojust3.1milliontonsthatwererecycled.Worldwidethenumbersaresimilarlybad,withjust 9%ofplasticbeingrecycledaccordingtoarecentOFCD(OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)report.Thestatisticsareevenworseforcertaintypesofpastie.Forexample,outof80,000lensofpolystyrenecontainersgeneratedintheUnitedStates,anegligibleamount(lessthan5,000tons)wasrecycled.Now,researchersattheUniversityofQueenslandhavefoundthataspeciesofwormwithanappetiteforpolystyrenecouldbethekeytoplasticrecyclingonamassscale.TheydiscoveredthattheZophobasmorioalsocalled“super-worm”caneatthroughpolystyrene,thankstoabacterialenzyme(酶)inits“Stomach”.Dr.ChrisRilkeandhisteamfromUQ’sSchoolofChemistryandMolecularBiosciencefedsuper-wormsdifferentdietsoverathree-weekperiod,withsomegivenpolystyrene,someouterskinofgrainseparatedfromtheflour,andotherspulonafaslingdiet.“Wefoundthesuper-wormsfedadictofjustpolystyrenenotonlysurvived,butevenhadslightweightgains,”Dr.Rilkesaid.“Thissuggeststhewormscangetenergyfromthepolypropylene,mostlikelywiththehelpoftheirinternalmicro-organisms.Theyarelikeminirecyclingplants,tearingupthepolystyrenewiththeirmouthsandthenfeedingittothebacteriaintheir‘stomach’.”Co-authoroftheresearch,PhDcandidateJiaruiSun,saidtheyaimedtogrowthebacteriainthelabandfurthertesttheirabilitytobreakdownpolystyrene.“Wecanthenlookintohowwecanupgradethisprocessloalevelrequiredforanentirerecyclingplant,”Ms.Sunsaid.8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribethecurrentplasticrecycling?A.Inefficient.B.Unpredictable.C.Inconsistent.D.Unconventional.9.WhatistheZophobasmoriocapableofaccordingtotheresearch?A.Turningpolystyreneintoenergy.B.Feedingthebacteriainthemouth.C.Eatingthroughanytypeofplastic.D.Gainingweightonafastingdict.10.Howwillthoseresearcherscontinuetheresearch?A.Bytestingdifferentabilitiesofthebacteria.B.Byexperimentingwithlarge-scaleproduction.C.Byestablishingamodernrecyclingfactory.D.Bygrowingandbreakingdowntheworm.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theseverityofplasticpollution. B.Thefutureofrecyclingindustry.C.Super-worm’scommercialsuccess.D.Super-worm’sabilitytodigestplastic.【答案】8.A9.A10.B11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了目前全球的塑料回收率很低，全文围绕科学家发现的一种专门吃塑料的“超级蠕虫”展开。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Worldwidethenumbersaresimilarlybad,withjust9%ofplasticbeingrecycledaccordingtoarecentOFCD(OrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment)report.(世界范围内的塑料回收情况同样糟糕，根据经济合作与发展组织最近的一份报告，只有9%的塑料被回收)”可推知，现在的塑料回收效率不高。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段前两句““Wefoundthesuper-wormsfedadictofjustpolystyrenenotonlysurvived,butevenhadslightweightgains,”Dr.Rilkesaid.“Thissuggeststhewormscangetenergyfromthepolypropylene,mostlikelywiththehelpoftheirinternalmicro-organisms.Theyarelikeminirecyclingplants,tearingupthepolystyrenewiththeirmouthsandthenfeedingittothebacteriaintheir‘stomach’.”(“我们发现，用聚苯乙烯喂食的超级蠕虫不仅存活了下来，而且体重还略有增加，”里尔克博士说。“这表明蠕虫可以从聚丙烯中获得能量，很可能是在它们体内微生物的帮助下。它们就像小型回收工厂，用嘴撕碎聚苯乙烯，然后把它喂给‘胃里’的细菌。”)”可知，Zophobasmorio能够将聚苯乙烯转化为能量。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Co-authoroftheresearch,PhDcandidateJiaruiSun,saidtheyaimedtogrowthebacteriainthelabandfurthertesttheirabilitytobreakdownpolystyrene.“Wecanthenlookintohowwecanupgradethisprocessloalevelrequiredforanentirerecyclingplant,”Ms.Sunsaid.(该研究的合著者、博士生孙佳瑞表示，他们的目标是在实验室中培养这种细菌，并进一步测试它们分解聚苯乙烯的能力。“然后研究怎么升级降解过程达到可以应用到整个回收厂的程度，”JiaruiSun说)”可知，研究人员将通过大规模生产的实验进行研究。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段前两句“Now,researchersattheUniversityofQueenslandhavefoundthataspeciesofwormwithanappetiteforpolystyrenecouldbethekeytoplasticrecyclingonamassscale.TheydiscoveredthattheZophobasmorioalsocalled“super-worm”caneatthroughpolystyrene,thankstoabacterial enzyme(酶)inits“Stomach”.(现在，昆士兰大学的研究人员发现，一种喜欢聚苯乙烯的蠕虫可能是大规模回收塑料的关键。他们发现，这种被称为“超级蠕虫”的Zophobasmorio可以通过聚苯乙烯吃东西，这要感谢它“胃”里的一种细菌酶)”可知，全文围绕科学家发现的一种专门吃塑料的“超级蠕虫”展开。由此可知，D项“Super-worm’sabilitytodigestplastic.(超级蠕虫消化塑料的能力)”符合题意。故选D。DAnyonewho’strieddifferentweight-lossdietsisprobablyfamiliarwiththeirpitfalls.Low-caloriedietsoftenleaveyoutiredandhungry.Low-fatdietsarealsotoughtofollowand,contrarylopopularbelief,theydonotseemlopreventheartdisease.Anotherdiettrend,intermittentfasting,takesadifferentapproach.Ratherthanlimitingwhatyoucat,thisdietlimitswhenyoucat.Itnormallyinvolveseatingonlyduringacertaintimewindow,usuallyeighthours,overasingleday.Forexample,youwouldeatonlyduringthehoursof9a.m.to5p.m.andthenfastduringtheother16hours.Forsomepeople,thalchangemaybeeasiertomanage,saysDr.EricRim,professorofepidemiologyandnutritionattheHarvardT.H.ChanSchoolofPublicHealth.Short-termismstudiessuggestthatpeoplesticktointermittentfastingdietsaswellasorbetterthantheydotootherdiets.Andaccordingtoa2019reviewarticleinthejournalNutrients,intermittentfastingpromotesweightlossandmayreduceriskfactorslinkedtoheartdisease,includingdiabetes,highbloodpressure,andunhealthybloodlipidlevels.“However,wearecurrentlyunsureabouthowwellthisdietworksoverthelongterm,”saysDr.Rim,notingthattherearejusttwolong-termstudiesofintermittentfasting,eachlastingayear.Noraretherelargepopulationsofpeoplewho’vefollowedthiseatingpatternforyears.That’sincontrasttotwootherdietslinkedtoahealthyheartandhealthybodysize—theMediterraneandietandavegetariandiet.Someexpertsaddthatintermittentfastingdietstypicallydon’tspecifywhatfoodsyoushouldeat.”Asanutritionalepidemiologist,thatmakesmealittleuncomfortable,“Dr.DavidMushenadmits.EatingburgersandFrenchfriesfivedaysaweekandasinglebreakfastsandwichonyourlow-caloriedaywouldn’tbe-healthy,hesays.Butwithanydiet,it’softenagoodideatoeaseintothechanges.Youcouldstartbytryinga5:2dietortime-resistedeating.Onceyoustartlosingweight,youcangraduallyintroducemorehealthyfoods,hesuggests.12.Theunderlinedword“pitfalls”inthefirstparagraphmeansA.problemsB.proceduresC.AlternativesD.assumptions13.WhydoesRimmentiontheMediterraneandiet?A.Todemonstratetheappropriateapproachtodieting. B.Toshowuncertaintyabouttheeffectofthenewtrend.C.Toillustratethepopularityoflow-calorieeatingpatterns.D.Tostresstheimportanceofahealthyheartandbodysize.14.WhatdoesDr.DavidMushensuggest?A.Givingprioritylonutrition.B.Conductingfurtherresearch.C.Losingweightstepbystep.D.Proceedingwithextremecaution.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ReadytoRestrictYourDict?B.TimetoTryIntermittentFastingC.What’sWrongwithIntermittentFastingD.HowDifferentWeight-lossMethodsWork?【答案】12A13.B14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要提出减肥节食的问题，并说明新的节食方法一断食疗法(间歇性节食)。【12题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段划线词后句子“Low-caloriedietsoftenleaveyoutiredandhungry.Low-fatdietsarealsotoughtofollowand,contrarytopopularbelief,theydonotseemtopreventheartdisease(低热量饮食通常会让你又累又饿。低脂饮食也很难遵循，而且与普遍的看法相反，它们似乎并不能预防心脏病)”可知其为减肥那些“坑”，故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“That’sincontrasttotwootherdietslinkedtoahealthyheartandhealthybodysize—theMediterraneandietandavegetariandiet.(这与另外两种与健康心脏和健康体型有关的饮食形成了对比——地中海饮食和素食死亡)”可知，新的节食风尚缺少长期的可靠实验数据和大量实践人群，与“theMediterraneandietandavegetariandiet(地中海饮食和素食)”这两种节食法形成对比，因此，提到其它被证实有效的节食法是为了进一步体现新的节食法缺少可靠实验数据支撑其有效性，故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Dr.DavidMushen提到“it’softenagoodideatoeaseintothechanges(慢慢地进行改变通常是个好主意)”和“graduallyintroducemorehealthyfoods(逐步引入更多的健康食品)”可知C项： Losingweightstepbystep.(一步步减肥)为正确选项。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段提出减肥节食的问题，第二段说明新的节食方法一断食疗法(间歇性节食)，第三、四段提供相关研究证据，最后一段专家提出质疑和建议，文章的核心为介绍“intermittentfasting(断食疗法)”，故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Peerpressureoccurswhenapeergrouphasdirectorindirectpressuretodocertainactions.Theterm“peer”oftenreferstopeopleoneknowsinreallifeandthathaveasimilarsocialstatustooneself.However,thelargerculturecanalsobringaboutpeerpressure.___16___.Manypeopleconsiderpeerpressureanegativething.___17___.People,especiallyteensandyoungadults,maybemorelikelytodoprosocialbehaviorswhentheyseepeopletheirownagedoingthesamethings.Evidenceshowsthatteenswithfriendswhovolunteeraremorelikelytovolunteerthemselves.Researchsuggestspeerpressuresometimesbeginsinelementaryschool.___18___.Somemaybeisolatedbymembersofthelargergroup.Childrenmaybegintoworryaboutbalancingasenseofloyaltytotheirfriendswithfairnesstoothers.Researchhaslongshownthatpeerpressurecanincreasetheriskofsomeonetryingdrugs,alcohol,orcigarettes.___19___.Whilesomemayexperimentwithalcoholordrugsonceortwiceanddecideit’snotforthem,otherswhobeginusingasubstancemayfinditdifficulttoquit.___20___.Somechildrenfinditbecomesmoredifficulttogoagainstthegroupovertime.Butit’simportanttorealizethatnotonlydoyoungerchildrenfacepeerpressure,theyarealsoabletostanduptoit.A.However,thisisn’talwaysthecase.B.Copingwithpeerpressurecanbetough.C.Unconsciously,weareallinfluencedbypeoplearoundus.D.Certainpeoplearemoreaffectedbypeerpressurethanothers.E.Atthisage,groupvaluesandroutinebegintoformamongchildren.F.It’simpossibletoresistpeerpressurewhenachildisstrugglingtofitin.G.Forexample,televisioncanconveytothepublicanacceptablewaytobehave.【答案】16.C17.A18.E19.D20.B【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了同辈压力。【16题详解】空前说“However,thelargerculturecanalsobringaboutpeerpressure.(然而，更大的文化也会带来同辈压力)”，空处位于段末，应总结上文。C选项“Unconsciously,weareallinfluencedbypeoplearoundus.(不知不觉中，我们都会受到周围人的影响)”符合语境，承接上文。故选C。【17题详解】前文说“Manypeopleconsiderpeerpressureanegativething.(很多人认为同辈压力是个消极的事物)”和下文“People,especiallyteensandyoungadults,maybemorelikelytodoprosocialbehaviorswhentheyseepeopletheirownagedoingthesamethings.(人们，尤其是青少年和年轻人，在看到同龄人做同样的事情时，可能更有可能做出亲社会的行为)”说明“同辈压力”也可以让年轻人更可能有亲社会行为和做志愿者，由此推知空处与上文为转折关系。A项“However,thisisn’talwaysthecase.(然而，情况并非总是如此)”符合语境，故选A。【18题详解】前文提出“Researchsuggestspeerpressuresometimesbeginsinelementaryschool.(研究表明有时候同辈压力从小学就开始出现)”，E项“Atthisage,groupvaluesandroutinebegintoformamongchildren.(在这个年龄，孩子们开始形成群体价值观和日常习惯。)”中“atthisage”与“小学”对应，“begintoform(开始形成)”也和语境对应，因此E选项符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】根据空后的“Whilesomemayexperimentwithalcoholordrugsonceortwiceanddecideit’snotforthem,otherswhobeginusingasubstancemayfinditdifficulttoquit.(有些人可能会尝试过一两次酒精或毒品，然后认为不适合自己，而有些人开始使用某种物质后可能会发现很难戒掉)”可知，有的人更容易受同辈压力的影响而做出错误的事情。D选项“Certainpeoplearemoreaffectedbypeerpressurethanothers.(有些人比其他人更容易受到同辈压力的影响)”符合语境，故选D。【20题详解】作为末段的首句，应该为该段的主题句，由空后的“Somechildrenfinditbecomesmoredifficulttogoagainstthegroupovertime.(有些孩子发现，随着时间的推移，反抗群体变得更加困难)”可知，本段主要讲的是应对同辈压力可能是困难的，因此B选项“Copingwithpeerpressurecanbetough.(应对来自同辈的压力是很困难的)”可作为主题句，故选B。第三部分语言运用(共两节;满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 WhenIstartedteachingmyfirstchildtodrive,Iwasnervous.I’mnotagood___21___,asIameasilyboredandquicklygetangry.Worse,I’mnota(n)___22___driver.Ievenfailedmyfirsttwoattemptstogetalicense.Happily,myfirstchildwasafastanddiligentlearnerwitha(n)___23___fortrafficsigns.Still,therewereenough___24___misses,andbythetimeitwashisyoungersister’s___25___,Iwasmentallyandemotionally___26___.Myyoungerdaughterisbrightandtalented,butontheroads,shesortoffreestyles.___27___afterhoursofprofessionaldrivinglessons,hereverymovebehindthewheelisunpredictable.Wewillbedrivingalongbeautifullyfor30minutes,andonceIbeginto___28___,mydaughterwillsailthrougharedlight.“Oops!”she’llsay.“Sorry,Mom!I___29___thatone,”andwenearlydie.It’sbothtiringandterrifying.AsmuchasI___30___hertohaveherlicense,Ifindmyselfwonderingifit’sagood___31___.Evenifshepasseshertest,there’sno___32___thatshewon’tforgetthenextredlightassoonasshe’soutthereonherown.Wetakeitforgrantedthateveryoneshould___33___,butperhapstherearesomepeoplewhojustshouldn’tbebehindawheel.___34___mydaughterisoneofthem?Well,Idon’tknow.Atleastnotyet.Butinthesedarktimes,onethought___35___tomind.Ifit’stheendoftheworld,maybewecanstopdrivinglessonsforawhile?21.A.helperB.listenerC.instructorD.communicator22.A.experiencedB.naturalC.temporaryD.responsible23.A.eyeB.preferenceC.longingD.ear24.A.extraordinaryB.cautiousC.narrowD.intentional25.A.turnB.ageC.missionD.duty26.A.unpreparedB.unsatisfiedC.involvedD.exhausted27A.EvenB.JustC.OnlyD.Otherwise28.A.dominateB.hesitateC.relaxD.cooperate29.A.ignoredB.killedC.missedD.turned30.A.forbidB.admireC.requestD.want31.A.proposalB.ideaC.performanceD.lesson32.A.doubtB.possibilityC.guaranteeD.evidence33.A.driveB.obeyC.raceD.struggle34.A.HowcomeB.WhatifC.SincewhenD.Forwhat35.A.refersB.turnsC.springsD.switches【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.C25.A26.D27.A28.C29.C30.D 31.B32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者教自己孩子们开车的经过，让自己身心俱疲。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不是一个好老师，因为我很容易感到无聊，很快就会生气。A.helper帮手；B.listener听者；C.instructor导师；D.communicator交流者。根据前文“WhenIstartedteachingmyfirstchildtodrive,Iwasnervous.”可知，“我”在教我的第一个孩子开车，但是很紧张，所以不是一个好导师。故选C项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我不是一个天生的司机。A.experienced有经验的；B.natural天生的；C.temporary短暂的；D.responsible负责的。根据下文“Ievenfailedmyfirsttwoattemptslogelalicense.”可知，“我”甚至前两次申请驾照都失败了，所以“我”不是天生的司机。故选B项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我的第一个孩子是一个快速和勤奋的学习者，对交通标志有敏锐的洞察力。A.eye眼睛；B.preference偏爱；C.longing渴望；D.ear耳朵。分析句子结构可知，此处考查的是固定搭配aneyefor...意为“对……有敏锐的洞察力”，此处用来表达善于观察交通灯。故选A项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，还是有足够多的失误，轮到他妹妹的时候，我已经在精神和情感上都精疲力尽了。A.extraordinary异乎寻常的；B.cautious小心的；C.narrow狭窄的；D.intentional故意的。根据空前的still可知，此句和前句是转折关系，前句说“我”的第一个孩子，对交通标志有敏锐的洞察力，但是还是会失误，narrowmisses意为因错过(没有看到)一些交通标志或信号而遭遇到的险情。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，还是有足够多的失误，轮到他妹妹的时候，我已经在精神和情感上都精疲力尽了。A.turn转变；B.age年龄；C.mission使命；D.duty责任。此处考查固定搭配：itisone’sturn意为“轮到某人”，此处指轮到“我”女儿学开车了。故选A项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，还是有足够多的失误，轮到他妹妹的时候，我已经在精神和情感上都精疲力尽了。A.unprepared无准备的；B.unsatisfied未满足的；C.involved卷入的；D.exhausted筋疲力尽的。从前文“我”自己也不擅长开车到下文的“tiringandterrifying”还有最后的“thesedarktimes”看出，作者并不是乐在其中，教开车让“我”很累，选“exhausted”。故选D项。 【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：即使上了几个小时的专业驾驶课程，她在方向盘后的每一个动作都是不可预测的。A.Even即使；B.Just正好；C.Only只有；D.Otherwise否则。根据下文“hereverymovebehindthewheelisunpredictable.”可知，此处需要强调出乎意料的副词，甚至在上了专业的驾驶课后，她还是开不好。故选A项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们将漂亮地行驶30分钟，一旦我开始放松，我的女儿就会闯红灯。A.dominate支配；B.hesitate犹豫；C.relax放松；D.cooperate合作。根据后文“mydaughterwillsailthrougharedlight.”可知，此处表达“我”一放松，“我”的女儿就会闯红灯，其它动词语义不合。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对不起，妈妈！我错过了那个。A.ignored忽视；B.killed杀死；C.missed错过；D.turned转身。根据语境，下文“thatone”指的是红灯，又根据“Sorry,Mom”，说明她不是故意闯的红灯，而是没有看见，应选“missed”。ignore意为“对……不予理会”，为有意忽视。故选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很想让她拿到驾照，但我发现自己在想这是不是一个好主意。A.forbid禁止；B.admire钦佩；C.request要求；D.want想要。根据后文“haveherlicense”以及上文“It’sbothtiringandterrifying.”可知，“我”教女儿驾驶，让我精疲力尽，所以是非常想她拿到驾照。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我很想让她拿到驾照，但我发现自己在想这是不是一个好主意。A.proposal提议；B.idea主意；C.performance表演；D.lesson课程。根据后文“Evenifshepasseshertest,there’sno　　12　　thatshewon’tforgetthenextredlightassoonasshe’soutthereonherown.”可知，即使“我”女儿拿到驾照，“我”也不确定她是否能开好车，所以“我”不知道，想她拿到驾照是不是一个好主意。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使她通过了测试，也不能保证她在独自出门时不会忘记下一个红灯。A.doubt疑问；B.possibility可能性；C.guarantee保证；D.evidence证据。根据前文“Ifindmyselfwonderingifit’sagood　　11　　.”可知，“我”不知道女儿拿到驾照是不是一个好主意，因为无法保证她在独自出门时不会忘记下一个红灯。故选C项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们想当然地认为每个人都应该开车，但也许有些人就是不应该开车。A.drive开车；B.obey服从；C.race使比赛；D.struggle奋斗。根据后文“butperhapstherearesomepeoplewho justshouldn’tbebehindawheel.”可知，此处是but的并列句，空处应表达转折之意，后文是有些人不应该开车，所以空处是每个人都应该开车。故选A项。【34题详解】考查连词词组辨析。句意：如果我女儿也是其中之一呢?A.Howcome怎么会；B.Whatif如果……怎么办；C.Sincewhen从什么时候开始；D.Forwhat为了什么。根据上文“Wetakeitforgrantedthateveryoneshould　　13　　,butperhapstherearesomepeoplewhojustshouldn’tbebehindawheel.”可知，“我”认为也许有些人就是不应该开车，所以担心如果“我”女儿也是其中之一。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在这黑暗的时刻，我想到了一个想法。A.refers提及；B.turns转动；C.springs突然猛烈地移动；D.switches转换。根据后文“Ifit’stheendoftheworld,maybewecanstopdrivinglessonsforawhile?”可知，是“我”突然有一个想法，也许世界末日了，我们就可以暂时不上驾驶课，故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。Whennewlyadmittedcollegestudentsreceive____36____(they)letterofadmissionthissummer,theymaygetmorethanjustanordinaryletter.GaoFanqiao,ahighschoolgraduatefromShenyang,waslookingforwardtoheradmissionletterfromNankaiUniversity.Itarrived____37____twolotusseeds.Thespecialmeaningis____38____theplants,whichdescribenoblequalitiesinChineseart,areusedtosymbolizetheschool’sdesirethatstudentskeeptheiroriginaldreamandmarch____39____(ambitious)towardabrightfuture.Manydomesticuniversities____40____(join)theurendofsendingfancysurprisesandfabulousadmissionpackagesinrecentyearstogivestudents____41____amazingfirstimpression.SunYat-senUniversityinGuangdongsentoutgiftboxescontaininganadmissionletterandPu’ertea____42____(produce)inFengqingcountyinsouthwesternYunnanprovince.Itishopedthatthefreshmenwillalwayskeepinmindthatthey____43____(suppose)tomakecontributionstoplaces____44____theyareneededmostinthefuture.OtherinnovationsfromschoolsincludepapercutstoshowthecharmofChineseculture,andmessagestostimulatestudents’____45____(enthusiastic).【答案】36.their37.with38.that39.ambitiously 40.havejoined41.an42.produced43.aresupposed44.where45.enthusiasm【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了各大高校创意满满且饱含祝福的录取通知书。【36题详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：今年夏天，当新入学的大学生收到录取通知书时，他们收到的可能不仅仅是一封普通的录取通知书。此处应用形容词性物主代词their，修饰名词letter。故填their。37题详解】考查介词。句意：和它一起到来的还有两粒莲花种子。结合句意，通知书送到的时候附带了两颗莲花种子，需要介词with。故填with。【38题详解】考查表语从句。句意：特别的意义是，这些在中国艺术中描绘高尚品质的植物被用来象征学校的愿望，让学生保持最初的梦想，雄心勃勃地走向光明的未来。紧跟在is之后，此处引导表语从句，且从句不缺少任何成分和语义，用that连接。故填that。【39题详解】考查副词。句意同上。此处应由副词修饰动词march，故填ambitiously。【40题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，国内许多大学都加入了给学生寄华丽惊喜和精美录取通知书的潮流，以给学生留下令人惊叹的第一印象。由“inrecentyears”可知，句子用现在完成时，又因主语universities是名词复数，助动词用have，故填havejoined。【41题详解】考查不定冠词。句意同上。impression“印象”是可数名词，此处泛指“给学生一个惊艳的第一印象”，且amazing发音以元音音素开头，应填不定冠词an。故填an。【42题详解】考查过去分词。句意：广东的中山大学寄出了礼盒，里面装有录取信和产自云南省西南部凤庆县的普洱茶。动词produce与tea为动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填produced。【43题详解】考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。句意：希望新生们永远记住，他们应该为未来最需要他们的地方做出贡献。此处为固定搭配besupposedtodosth.“应该做某事”，此处用一般现在时，主语they表示复数意义， be动词用are。故填aresupposed。【44题详解】考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导定语从句，先行词为places，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。【45题详解】考查名词。句意：学校的其他创新还包括展示中国文化魅力的剪纸，以及激发学生热情的信息。根据空前的名词所有格students’可知，此处应填名词作宾语，enthusiasm热情，不可数名词。故填enthusiasm。第四部分写作(共两节;满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假如你是李华，计划利用寒假参加一个国际志愿者项目。该项目要求提交一封英文的推荐信。请给外教MsJenkins写邮件，请她帮你写一封推荐信。内容包括：1.说明意图2.介绍志愿者项目3.表达感谢注意1.词数约为80字左右2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。DearMsJenkins,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearMsJenkins,Howareyoudoingthesedays?Ihopeyou’veenjoyedyourrecenttriptoShangri-LainYunnanprovince.I’mwritingthisemailtoaskforafavor.Isignedupforaninternationalvolunteerprogramlastweek.Ifeverythinggoeswell,IwillbetravelingtoanislandinIndonesiaduringthewintervacation,workingwithlike-mindedvolunteersfromovertheworldtoprotectendangeredseaturtlesandeducatepeopleontheimportanceofconservingthevaluablemaritimeecosystem.Asheparticipantsaresupposedtosubmitarecommendationletterwhileapplyingfortheprogram,Iwaswonderingif you’dliketowritealetterforme.Thisisalife-changingexperienceI’vebeeneagerlylookingforwardto.I’dbeverygratefulifyoucouldoffermesomehelp.Thankyouverymuchforyourtime!Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于推荐信。李华计划利用寒假参加一个国际志愿者项目。该项目要求提交一封英文的推荐信。要求考生李华给外教MsJenkins写邮件，请她帮你写一封推荐信。【详解】1.词汇积累感激的：thankful→grateful提供：give→offer报名参加：registerfor→signupfor应该：should→besupposedto2.句式拓展同义句转换原句：Isignedupforaninternationalvolunteerprogramlastweek.拓展句：ItwaslastweekthatIsignedupforaninternationalvolunteerprogram.【点睛】【高分句型1】Thisisalife-changingexperienceI’vebeeneagerlylookingforwardto（运用了省略that的限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】I’dbeverygratefulifyoucouldoffermesomehelp.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ayoungpersonwhowasacademicallyexcellentappliedforamanager’spostinaninternationalcompany.Hepassedthewrittenexamwithease,andinthegroupinterviewthatfollowed,heimpressedtheinterviewerswithwillyremarks,passionforwork,andcreativeplansforthecompany’sfuture.Afterthat,thisyoungmanhadtofacethefinalinterviewbythecompany’sdirector.Theyoungmanwalkedintothemanager’soffice,feelinghecouldconquerthewholeworldwithjustonehand.Thedirectorshookhandswiththeyoungmanandnoticedtheexcitementandprideinhiseyes.Helookedintotheyoungman’sresume(简历)andsawthattheyoungpersondidexceptionallywellthroughouthisstudylife.Withasatisfiedsmile,thedirectorstartedquestioninghim.“Didyoueverobtainanyscholarshipinyourschoolorcollege?” ”No,“repliedtheyoungman.”Thenwhopaidforyoureducation?““MyfatherpassedawaywhenIwasthree.Itwasmymotherwhopaidformytuitionfees.She’safarmerandworksalldayinthefields,”saidtheyoungman.Thedirectornoddedandaskedtheyoungmantoshowhishands.Thoughconfused,theyoungmanheldouthishandshesitantly,whichweresmoothandsoft.Thenthedirectoraskediftheyoungmanhadeverhelpedhismotherwithfarmwork.Theyoungmansaid:"No,shealwayswantedmetofocusonmyacademicwork.Besides,sheknowsherworkwellandcoulddoeverythingmuchfasterthanIcould.”Learningthereply,thedirectortoldtheyoungmanthatwhenhereturnedtohishomethatday,heshouldcleanhismother’shands,andafterthat,hecouldcomebackandseehimandreportwhathelearned.Feelingtherewasachanceforhimtogetthejob,theyoungmanwasdelighted.Whenhereturnedhomewithaspringinhisfeel,hecheerfullyrequestedhismothertolethimcleanherhands.Listeningtothisstrangerequest,hismotherfeltastonishedbuthappy.Withmixedemotions,sheshowedherhandstohim.注意1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Nowthisyoungmanstartedlocleanhismother’shandsgently.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thefollowingdayhewenttothedirector’sofficeagain.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Possibleversion:Nowthisyoungmanstartedtocleanhismother’shandgently.Forthefirsttime,henoticedhismother’shandswereroughwithcutsandcalluses.Someofthecutsweresodeepthatsheshiveredwithpainwhentheywerecleaned.Itwasnotuntilthatmomentthattheyoungmanstartedtounderstandthesacrificehismotherhadmadetoensurehecouldgetagoodeducation.Strokinghismother’shandswithbothaffectionandguilt,hefeltalumpinhisthroat, tearsofadmirationandsorrowstreamingdownhisface.Thefollowingdayhewenttothedirector’sofficeagain.Hisfacewascalm,andtheexcitementandprideinhiseyeswerereplacedbysincerityandgratitude.“Thankyouforthisvaluablelesson,”saidtheyoungmanwithtearsglitteringinhiseyes.Thenhecontinuedtotellthemanagerthathewasregretfulaboutbeinganinsensitivesonwhohadbeenobsessedwithgradesandcareeropportunities,neglectinghowhismotherhadsufferedalltheseyears.Themanagerlistenedattentivelyandfinallysaidwithasmilecurvinghislips,“I’mgladyou’vegainedthepowerofappreciation,whichisanessentialqualityinamanager.Youarehired.”【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者去一家公司面试，公司的经理注意到作者的经历和手部，所以要求作者回去后给自己的目前洗手，让作者意识到母亲为了自己的学业所做出的牺牲，让作者把自己的兴奋和骄傲被真诚和感激所取代。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“现在这个年轻人开始轻轻地给妈妈擦手。”可知，第一段可描写作者注意到了母亲的双手粗糙，布满了伤口和老茧，让作者意识到母亲为自己的学业做出的牺牲。②由第二段首句内容“第二天，他又去了经理的办公室。”可知，第二段可描写作者把昨天的发现告诉了经理，并对经理表示了感谢，让他意识到母亲的伟大，经理对他感到满意，并最终录取了作者。2.续写线索：应聘——经理注意到作者的经历和双手——经理布置回去帮母亲洗手的任务——发现目前的手满是伤痕老茧——感到母亲的伟大——回复并感谢经理——成功被录取3.词汇激活行为类①开始：start/begin/commence②确保：ensure/guarantee/makesure③代替：replace/substitute/displace④雇用：hire/employ/engage情绪类①喜爱：affection/fondness/warmth②高兴：glad/delighted/pleased【点睛】[高分句型1]Itwasnotuntilthatmomentthattheyoungmanstartedtounderstandthesacrificehismotherhadmadetoensurehecouldgetagoodeducation.(Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who引导的强调句型)[高分句型2]Thenhecontinuedtotellthemanagerthathewasregretfulaboutbeinganinsensitivesonwhohadbeenobsessedwithgradesandcareeropportunities,neglectinghowhismotherhadsufferedalltheseyears.(that引 导的宾语从句以及who引导的定语从句)