重庆市乌江新高考协作体2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末试题（Word版附答案）

2022-2023学年（下）期末学业质量联合调研抽测高二英语试题（分数：120分，时间：100分钟）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ADonnaStricklandwasawardedthe2018NobelPrizeforphysicsjointlywithArthurAshkinandGérardMourou.It’sthefirsttimein55yearsthatawomanhaswonthisfamousprize,butwhyhasittakensolong?Welookatfiveotherpioneeringfemalephysicists—pastandpresent—whoactuallydeservetheprize.JocelynBellBurnellPerhapsthemostfamoussnub(冷落):then-studentBelldiscoveredthefirstradiopulsarsin1967,whenshewasaPhDstudentatCambridge.TheNobelPrizethatrecognisedthislandmarkdiscoveryin1974,however,wenttohermalesupervisor,AntonyHewish.Recentlyawardeda￡2.3millionBreakthroughPrize,whichshegaveawaytohelpunder-representedstudents,shejokedtotheGuardian,“IfeelI’vedoneverywelloutofnotgettingaNobelPrize.”LeneHauHauisbestknownforleadingtheresearchteamatHarvardUniversityin1999thatmanagedtoslowabeamoflight,beforemanagingtostopitcompletelyin2001.OftentoppingNobelPrizepredictionlists,could2022beHau’syear?VeraRubinRubindiscovereddarkmatterinthe1980s,openingupanewfieldofastronomy.Shediedin2016,withoutrecognitionfromthecommittee.Chien-ShiungWuWu’s“Wuexperiment”helpeddisprovethe“lawofconservationofparity”.Herexperimentalworkwashelpfulbutneverhonoured,andinstead,hermalecolleagueswonthe1957NobelPrizefortheirtheoreticalworkbehindthestudy.LiseMeitner Meitnerledgroundbreaking(开创性的)workonthediscoveryofnuclearfission.However,thediscoverywasacknowledgedbythe1944NobelPrizeforchemistry,whichwaswonbyhermaleco-lead,OttoHahn.1．WhenwasthediscoveryofradiopulsarsrecognisedbytheNobel?A．In1944.B．In1967.C．In1974.D．In1980.2．WhichwomanismostlikelytowinaNobelPrizelateraccordingtothetext?A．LeneHau.B．VeraRubin.C．DonnaStrickland.D．JocelynBellBurnell.3．Whatdoweknowaboutthefivefemales?A．Thefivefemalescientistsdidgreatlyinchemistry.B．VeraRubinhadopenedupanewfieldingeometry.C．LiseMeitner’steacherwonaNoblePrizeforherwork.D．Alltheirfindingshaven’tbeenrecognisedbytheNobel.BIfhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜间活动的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun’slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon’tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit’stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe’vedonetothenight:We’veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences—calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.Ill-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels—andlightrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflife,including,ourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectorlifeisaffected.Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霾)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We’vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnight—darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowonEarth—iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.We’velitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,and onmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet(磁铁).Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Migratingatnight,birdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings.Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.Humansarelesstrappedbylightpollutionthanthefrogs.Likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalclockwork,aslightitself.Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage—thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsenselightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.4．Accordingtothepassage,humanbeings__________.A．prefertoliveinthedarknessB．areusedtolivinginthedaylightC．werecuriousaboutthemidnightworldD．hadtostayathomewiththelightofthemoon5．Thewritermentionsbirdsandfrogsto__________.A．provideexamplesofanimalprotectionB．showhowlightpollutionaffectsanimalsC．comparethelivinghabitsofbothspeciesD．explainwhythenumberofcertainspecieshasdeclined6．Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat_________.A．lightpollutiondoseharmtotheeyesightofanimalsB．lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritagesC．humanbeingscannotgototheouterspaceD．humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse7．Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheMagicLightB．TheOrangeHazeC．TheDisappearingNightD．TheRhythmsofNatureC Inthisdigitalage,peoplemeasuretheirpopularitybythenumberof“likes”andfollowerstheygetonsocialmedia.Butasitturnsout,peoplearehappierwhentheirfriendsareofhighqualityratherthanhugequantity.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofLeedsintheUKstudieddatafromtwoonlinesurveysofnearly1,500people.Thosewhotookthesurveygavedetailsabouttheirage,socialinteractions,andhowsatisfiedtheywerewiththeirsociallives.Theresearchersfoundthatthosewhohadasmallnumberofclosefriendsgenerallytendedtobehappierthanthosewhohadalargenumberofsuperficial(关系浅表的)friends.“Lonelinesshaslesstodowiththenumberoffriendsyouhave,andmoretodowithhowyoufeelaboutyourfriends,”saidBruinedeBruin,oneoftheresearchers.Hefoundthatolderpeopletendedtohavesmallersocialcirclesthanyoungpeople,butthepeopleinthesecirclestendedtobeclosertothem.Healsofoundthatyoungerpeopletendedtohavelargersocialcirclesthatweremadeupof“peripheral(次要的)others”—peoplewhoarenottheirtruefriends,butjusttheonestheyknow.Thesepeoplehadnoinfluenceontheirhappiness.Theresultsofthestudyshowthattheopinionsocietyhasaboutoldpeoplebeingsadandlonelymightnotbeaccurate.“Theresearchshowsthatolderadults’smallernetworksdon’tdecreasetheirsocialsatisfactionandhappiness.Infact,olderadultstendtoreportabettersenseofwell-beingthanyoungeradults,”saidBruinedeBruin.8．Accordingtothestudy,peopletendtobehappierwhenthey______.A．havefriendsofhugequantityB．haveasmallcircleofclosefriendsC．havealotoffollowersonsocialmediaD．makefriendswitholderpeople9．Whatdoweknowfromparagraph4?A．Olderpeople’sfriendsseemtobeofhigherquality.B．Youngerpeopledon’tneedtomakeperipheralfriends.C．Olderpeople’shappinesshasnothingtodowiththeirfriends.D．Botholderandyoungerpeoplefindithardtomakeclosefriends.10．WhichwordmightBruinedeBruinusetodescribeolderadults?A．Sad.B．Happy.C．Lonely.D．Concerned11．Whatisthefocusofthisarticle?A．Differenttypesoffriendsinone’slife.B．Changesinpeople’shappinesslevels. C．Interactionsbetweenolderandyoungerpeople.D．Therelationshipbetweenhappinessandthequalityandquantityoffriends.DFromcomposer,musician,andphilanthropist(慈善家)PeterBuffettcomes,awarm,wise,andinspirational,bookthatasks,“Whichwinyouchoose:thepathofleastresistanceorthepathofpotentiallygreatestsailsfaction?”Youmaythinkthatwithalastnamelikehis,Buffetthasenjoyedalifeofendlessprivilege.ButthesonofbillionaireinvestorWarrenBuffettsaysthattheonlyrealinheritancehandeddownfromhisparentsisaphilosophy:Buildyourownpathinlife.Itisaprinciplethathasallowedhimtofollowhisownpassions,establishhisownidentity,andreaphisownsuccesses.InLifeIsWhatYouMakeIt.Buffettexpoundson(阐释)thestrongsetofvaluesgiventohimbyhistrustingandbroadmindedmother,hishardworkingandtalentedfather,andthemanylifeteachershehasmetalongtheway.Today’ssociety,Buffettassumes,hasbeguntoreplaceaworkethic,enjoyingwhatyoudo,withawealthethic,honoringthepayoffinsteadoftheprocess.Weconfuseprivilegewithmaterialwealth,characterwithexternalvalidation(认可).Yet,byfocusingmoreonsubstanceandlessonreward,wecanopendoorsofopportunityandstrivetowardagreatersenseoffulfillment.Inclearandbriefterms,Buffettrevealsagreattruth:Lifeisrandom,neither  fairnorunfair.Fromthereitbecomeseasytorecognizetheequaldignityandvalueofeveryhumanlifeourcircumstancesmayvarybutouressencedoesnot.Weseethatourjourneyinliferarelyfollowsastraightlinebutisoftenmetwithfalsestarts,crises,andmistakes.HowwepushthroughandpersevereinthesechallengingmomentsiswherewebegintocreatethelifeOfourdreams—fromdiscoveringourvocationstogivingbacktoothers.Personalandinstructive,LifeIsWhatYouMakeItisaboutchallengingyourcircumstances,takingcontrolofyourdestiny,andlivingyourlifetothefullest.12．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．Todescribeafamousperson.B．Tointroduceabook.C．Totalkaboutwhatlifeisabout.D．Todiscusshowtoliveameaningfullife.13．WhatcanweinferaboutPeterBuffett?A．Hisfatherisveryrich. B．Oneofhishobbiesismusic.C．Heachievedsuccessbyhimself.D．HewrotethebookLifeIsWhatYouMakeIt.14．Whatistoday’ssocietylikeaccordingtoPeterBuffett?A．Peoplearefollowingtheirinterests.B．Peopleareseekingspiritualenjoyment.C．Peoplepaymoreattentiontotheprocess.D．Peoplefocusmoreontheresults.15．Whichproverbcanbestexpressthemainideaofthefifthparagraph?A．Livingwithoutan,aimislikesailingwithoutacompass.B．Lifeisfullofupsanddowns.C．Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.D．Lifeisn’taboutgettingandhaving,it’saboutgivingandbeing.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheUpsidetoBeingOutsideResearchshowsthatbeinginnaturemakespeoplefeelgood,whetherthey’reroughingitinthewildernessfordaysorjusthangingoutatalocalparkforawhile.OnestudywasconductedinthecityofBirmingham,Alabama.Researchersfoundthatmostparticipants’moodandwell-beingimprovedsignificantlywhentheyspenttimeinurbanparks,eventhoughtheaveragevisitwasonlyaroundhalfanhour.16Forexample,scientistsintheUnitedKingdomstudiedtheimpactofthe“30DaysWild”campaign.Itchallengedpeopletointeractwithnaturefor30daysbyenjoyingearthyactivitieslikefeedingbirdsandplantingflowers.Participantsweremeasurablyhappierandhealthierthroughoutthechallenge…andformonthsafterwards,too.17Howdoesnatureboostpeople’shappiness?Scientistssaythatspendingtimeinnaturalsettingsreducesstressandanxiety,whichbenefitsmentalandphysicalhealth.Researchshowsourbrainsaremorerelaxedinnaturalsettings.Tomostpeople,it’snotnewsthatnaturecanbecalming.Butmultiplestudieshavefoundthatspendingtimeinnaturealsohassomemoresurprisingbenefits,likeimprovingcreativityandproblem-solving.18Anotherfoundthatexposuretonaturehelpedpeoplescorebetterontests.That’smoreproofthatgoingoutsideisa smartmove!Whataccountsfortheconnectionwithcognitionandcreativity?Itcouldbethatagooddoseofnatureactsasacuretoinformationoverload.Everydaylifeinvolvesalotofmultitasking.Somescientiststheorizethatspendingtimeinnatureenablesourbrainstorestandrecoverfrommentaltiredness.19Naturally,scientificstudiesdon’tcovereverythingthat’sgreataboutthegreatoutdoors.20Fromrecreationandexercisetohappinessandcreativity,therearelotsofupsidestogettingoutside.A．Onestudyrevealedthatpeoplewerebetteratfiguringoutpuzzlesafterafour-daycampingtrip.B．Accordingtomanyscientificstudies,there’sagoodchanceit’llmakeyouhappier,healthier,andmorecreative.C．What’smore,theliftpeoplegetfromnatureislonglasting.D．Lotsofpeopleenjoyfunactivitiesoutside,likeswimming,ridingbikes,orclimbingtrees.E．Whentheonlylightyou’veseenalldayistheglowofascreen,itmightbeagoodideatoswitchitoff.F．Thismeansthatwhetheryou’restudyingorplayingvideogames,headingoutsidetogiveyourbrainabreakmighthelpyougettothenextlevel.G．So,kickingbackinaparkisabitliketreatingyourmindtoarestfulminivacation.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I’macollegeprofessorteachingpeoplehowtothinkmorecreatively.Interestingly,thislifetimepassionwas21byacasualcontestwhenIwasachild.Atafamilypicnicforemployeesofthecompanywheremyfatherworked,theyheldacontestforthechildren-whocouldthrowaclothhandkerchiefthefarthest.Thefirst22,thelittleones,tookmightywind-ups(挥臂动作),butwhentheclothlefttheirhands,itopenedandflewtothegroundafew23infrontofthem.Thecrowdroaredwithlaughter,andbeing13,Ididn’tlikeadultslaughingatus.Itwas24thatusingthesametechniquewouldnotwork.SupposeI25arockinsidethehandkerchief?No,itwas“throwahandkerchief”,not“arockandahandkerchief”.Whentheyinspectedit,I’dbe26SupposeIhidarockintheclothwithouttyingit.Therockwoulddrivetheclothatleastfartherthantheothers,andwhenthey27,peoplemightnotnoticeasmallrocklandinginthegrass.Ihadagood28ofgettingawaywithit(侥幸逃脱).However,Ididn’twanttowinbycheatingbuttoshowtheadultsthata(n)29couldbeatothersat theirowngame.Ihadtomakethehandkerchiefflylikearock.I30begantyingknotafterknotuntilitwasthesizeofalargerock.Itookalongwind-upandthrewthe31handkerchiefwhichlanded60feetaway.Thelaughing32andeveryonewasdumbfounded.The33thenrantofetchittoexaminehowI’dcheated.”It’sjustthehandkerchief,“he34,holdingitupanduntyingtheknots.TheadultsapplaudedkindlyandIfeltproud.Ihadn’tbrokentherules,butIhadbrokenthe35ideas,whichwasthesecrettocreativethinking.21．A．awakenB．createdC．enhancedD．spread22．A．studentsB．throwersC．runnersD．tutors23．A．kilometersB．metersC．inchesD．miles24．A．impossibleB．essentialC．unclearD．obvious25．A．tiedB．castC．hidD．drew26．A．includedB．unemployedC．disqualifiedD．involved27．A．separatedB．disappearedC．combinedD．sank28．A．timeB．reasonC．chanceD．excuse29．A．babyB．kidC．geniusD．adult30．A．casuallyB．immediatelyC．secretlyD．eventually31．A．arrowedB．balledC．lightD．soft32．A．diedB．roseC．declinedD．doubled33．A．loserB．judgeC．winnerD．audience34．A．respondedB．protestedC．admittedD．announced35．A．criticalB．modernC．innovativeD．conventional第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Archaeological(考古的)36(discover)ofChangshawares(陶器)haveoccurredrandomlyoverthedecades,andkeyfindingsofkiln(窑)ruins37(make)particularlysince2010.TherewerenotonlyTangDynastyChangshawares38(unearth),butalsosomeceladons(青瓷)fromaneven39(early)period.They’rekeywitnesses40theSilkRoadontheseaandSino-foreignexchangesofmaterialculture.ArchaeologicalfindingsshowthatChangshawareswereexportedtoabout30countries,41(range)fromEastandSoutheastAsianneighborstoNorthAfrica.CraftsmenandworkshopownersinChangshaparticipatedin awaveofglobalization42activelyexploredoverseasmarkets.43(consequent),shapesofChangshawareswerealsoinfluencedbyforeignelements.Seeingtheantiques,wecanalsounderstand44publicaesthetics(审美)oftheirtime.Theytell45wasviewedastraditionalChinesebeauty.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）为增强学生体质，你校将在下周举办一次“LoveSports,LoveLife”的体育活动。假定你是学生会主席李华，请你用英文写一篇倡议信，呼吁同学们积极进行体育锻炼。内容要点包括：1.活动的目的；2.进行体育运动的益处；3.提出倡议，表达期待。注意：1．词数100左右；2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。Dearfriends,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Withbestwishes.TheStudents’Union第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“I’mgoingtomissyousomuch,Poppy,”saidthetall,thinteenager.Hebentdowntohughisoldfriendgoodbye.Hestoodup,huggedhisparents,andsmiled,tryingnottolethisemotions(情绪)getthebetterofhim.Hisparentswerenotquiteabletokeeptheirsundercontrol.Theyhaddriventheirsonseveralhoursoutoftowntotheuniversitywherehewouldsoonbelivingandstudying.Itwastimetosaygoodbyefornowatleast.Thefamilyhuggedandsmiledthroughmistyeyesandthenlaughed.Theboyliftedthelastbagontohisshoulder,andflashedabrightsmile.“Iguessthisisit,”hesaid.“I’llseeyoubackhomeinamonth,okay?”Hisparentsnodded,andtheywatchedashewalkedoutofsightintothecrowdsofhundredsofstudentsandparents.Theboy’smotherturnedtothedog,“Okay,Poppy,timetogobackhome.”Thehouseseemedquietasatombwithouttheboylivingthere.Allthatweek,Poppydidn’tseeminterestedinherdinner,herfavoritetoy,oreveninherdailywalk.Herownersweresadtoo,buttheyknewtheirsonwouldbebacktovisit.Poppydidn’t.Theyofferedthedogsomeofherfavoritepeanutbuttertreats.Theyevenlethersitonthesofa,buttheold girljustwasn’therusualcheerfulself.Herownersstartedtogetworried.“WhatshouldwedotocheerPoppyup?”askedDad.“We’vetriedeverything.”“Ihaveanidea,butitmightbealittlecrazy,”smiledMom.“Withoutanybodyleftinthehousebutus,thisplacecoulduseabitoffun.Let’sgetalittledogforPoppy.Itdidn’ttakelongbeforetheywalkedthroughthefrontdoorcarryingabigbox.Poppywelcomedthemhomeasusualbutwhenshesawthebox,shestopped.Sheputhernoseonit.Hertailbeganwagging(摆动)eversoslowly,thenfasterasshecaughtthesmell.注意：1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右;2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已经为你写好。Paragraph1Dadopenedtheboxandasweetlittledogappeared.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2Afewweekslater,theboyarrivedhomefromuniversity.2022-2023学年（下）期末学业质量联合调研抽测高二英语答案（分数：120分，时间：100分钟）第二部分阅读1-3CAD4-7BBDC8-11BABD12-15BCDB16-20CGAFD第三部分语言运用21-25ABCDA26-30CACBC31-35BABDD36．discoveries37．havebeenmade38．unearthed39．earlier40．to41．ranging42．and43．Consequently44．the45．what 第四部分写作第一节【示例】Dearfriends,WearewritingtocalloneveryonetoparticipateintheactivitycalledLoveSports,LoveLife,whoseaimistourgeustotakeanactivepartinphysicalexercise.Thereisnodenyingthattakingexerciseisbeneficialtous.Firstly,itcanhelpbuildupourbodyandkeephealthy,thusprotectingusfromtheepidemicflunowadays.Inaddition,notonlycanexercisingrelievestressfromstudy,butitcanimproveourlearningefficiency.Moreimportantly,doingsportscanbuildupourconfidenceandstrengthenourwillpower,whichwillhavealastingeffectonourlife.Itishightimethatwegotstarted.Onlywhenwehaveahealthybodycanweliveahappylife.Withbestwishes.TheStudents’Union第二节【示例】Dadopenedtheboxandasweetlittledogappeared.Poppywasamazed.Shewaggedfuriously.Shebarkedwithjoy.Shesmiled,hertonguelollingoutassheinvestigatedthesurprise.Thelittlepupwasnotshyandimmediatelystartingyippingandjumpingaroundtheolderdog.“Thatdidn’ttakelong,”remarkedMom,asbothdogswentroaringaroundthehouseinanimpromptugameofchase.Dadlaughed.Afewweekslater,theboyarrivedhomefromuniversity.HehadmissedPoppyandwaslookingforwardtoseeingher.Whenhebentdowntogiveherabighug,hefelloverinsurpriseasasmallgoldencloudcameracinguptolickhisfacetoo.“Ohmygosh,whoisthis?”heexclaimed.Hisparentslaughedatthelookofshockonhisface.“That’sPee-wee,”saidDad.“Ican’tbelieveyougotyourselvesapuppy!”“Wedidn’t,”repliedMom.“ThispuppyisforPoppy!”