人教版必修一课件Unit 5 Section B Language Points 1

Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero 例:Modestyisoneofhisgoodqualities.谦虚是他的美德之一。Theseareleathergoodsofhighquality.这些是高质量的皮革制品。Nowadayspeopleareveryconcernedaboutthesafetyandqualityoffood.如今，人们非常关心食品的安全和质量。1.qualityn.品质(用于人),质量【名师点津】quality作“质量”讲时,通常用作不可数名词；而作“品质”讲时,多用作可数名词 【拓展】ofquality优质的，素质好的ofhigh/lowquality高/低质量的averagequality一般质量inquality在质量上 【学以致用】完成句子①Thekitchenoilusedinthatrestaurant__________________.(quality)那家餐馆所用的食用油的质量很差。②ThefilmsthatJetListarsin_________________.(quality)李连杰主演的电影质量很高。waspoorinqualityareofhighquality 2.meanadj.1.吝啬的,小气的[(+about/over/with)]Herhusbandisverymeanaboutmoney.她的丈夫在金钱上很吝啬。2.卑鄙的,心地不好的[(+tosth.)]Thatwasameantrick!那是一个卑劣的诡计!Don’tbesomeantoyourlittlebrother!别对你弟弟那么刻薄！ 【拓展】meanvt.本意是，原意是meantodo打算做……；有意做……meandoing意味着bemeantfor打算给予；打算作……用—Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoftime.——那将意味着浪费很多时间。—Really？Idon’tmeantowasteanytime.——是吗？我没打算浪费任何时间。Theseroomsaremeantforthechildren’scentre.这些房间是打算用作少年活动中心的。Whatdoyoumeanbyactinglikethis?你这样做是什么意思? 3.activeadj.1)活跃的;活泼的Mrs.Brownisover80andnotveryactivenow.布朗太太已八十多岁,现在不大活动了。2)积极的;勤奋的Hebecameanactivesocialreformer.他成了一位积极的社会改革家。3)在活动中的;在进展中的MountVesuviusisanactivevolcano.维苏威是一座活火山。 【拓展】beactiveabout对……热心beactiveinsth./doingsth.积极参与某事/做某事beactiveas...作为……活跃 4.generousadj.①慷慨的,大方的[(+with/in/to)]Sheisgenerousingivinghelp.她乐于助人。Hewasgeneroustoeverybodywithmoney.他在金钱上对每个人都很大方。 ②宽宏大量的,宽厚的[(+to/towards)]Heisgeneroustowardshissubordinates.他待部属很宽厚。③大量的;丰富的;丰盛的Shegavemeagenerouslunch.她请我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。 5.devotedadj.1.献身的;虔诚的;专心致志的Hewasstilldevotedtothestudyofchemistry.他仍专心研究化学。2.忠实的;挚爱的Mrs.Joneshadaverydevotedhusband.琼斯太太有一位忠实的丈夫。 [拓展]devote的用法阅读下列句子，注意devote的意思及用法。1.Hedevotedallhistimetohisjob.2.Hedevotedhimselftowriting.[自我归纳]devote为动词，常与介词__连用，构成短语devoteone’slife/time/energy/attention.to(doing)sth.（句1），表示“把生命/时间/精力/注意力用在/献给（做）某事上”；_____________（句2）表示“献身；专心于”。todevoteoneselfto 【即学即练】用devote的适当形式完成句子。1.Thousandsof_______fanswaitedintherainforthegrouptoarrive.2.Shegladlygaveupherpart-timejoband______herselfentirelytoherart.devoteddevoted 6.diefor为某种事业或目的而死dieforone’scountry/thepeople/thecause.dieof死于内因diefrom死于外因diefromacaraccident.由于车祸而死dieby死于暴力,刀或剑等凶器diebythesword/hanging. bedyingfor极想得到...Sheisdyingforacupofwater.diethroughcarelessness因过失而死die…down凋落,消失dieaway消失（渐渐远去）Thesounddiedaway.声音渐渐远去。dieout绝种Thiskindofanimalisdyingout. 7.foundvt.1.建立;建造HefoundedthefirstRepublicinChinain1911aftermanyyears’fighting.经过多年的斗争之后，1911年他在中国建立了第一个共和国。2.创立,创办Theyfoundedacollege.他们创办了一所大学。 foundsetup【辨析】兴建城市(国家、党派、大学等)，更着重指打基础，也可指创立某种理论或学说常和表示具体的组织、机构、团体等的名词连用，有时可与found换用 8.believein1.信仰ChristiansbelieveinJesus.基督徒信仰耶稣。2.信任Webelieveinhim.我们信任他。3.相信...的效用Jimbelievesinfreshairandmorningexercises.吉姆坚信新鲜空气及早操有益处。 Hewon’tgiveuptheexperimentevenifhehasfailedmanytimes.Hisfatherhasgivenupsmoking.Thisisagoodidea.Youshouldn’tgiveitup.Shegaveupherjobtolookafterhermother．9.giveup+n./pron./v-ing 只能接动名词作宾语的动词avoid,consider,dislike,enjoy,excuse,finish,imagine,mind,miss,suggest,stop,feellike,giveup,can’thelp,can’tstand Donottalk(in)thatway.(In)thisway,youcanrememberthespelling.Don’tstandinthe/myway.Heisbetterinsomeway(s).Hepickedapenonthewaytoschool.10.inapeacefulway以和平的方式那样这样碍事在某些方面在往…的路上 11.fightagainst/for/withThesoldiersfoughtbravely_______theenemy___theliberation____theircomrades.againstforwith 12.be…away有…远(指距离、时间)1)我家离这里只有两条街。Myhouseisonly2blocksawayfromhere.2)他的生日在两周以后。Hisbirthdayistwoweeksaway.intwoweeks. 13.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.然而在这个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得有身份证不可。【分析】(1)this/thatwasatimewhen意为“在这/那个时候”。ThatwasatimewhenmanypeoplewereattackedbySARS.在那个时候，很多人都受到了SARS的侵袭。(2)However是经常考到的转折副词。 【学以致用】仿写句子然而在这个时候，我们应该下定决心努力学习。______________________________________________________However,thisisatimewhenweshoulddecidetostudyhard. 1)他还没有回家，这叫我放心不下。Itworriesmethathehasn’tcomehomeyet.2)我发愁的是如何再找到工作。WhatworriesmeishowIamgoingtogetanotherjob.14.worryvt.It+worrysb.+that使某人担心beworriedabout/that担心，担忧 1)I’mworried______herdrivingthecartonightonthewetroad.A.ofB.aboutC.onD.at2)Hisdangerousdrivingalways_______me.A.worryaboutB.worriesaboutC.worriedaboutD.worries 15.beoutofwork/ajob/employment=loseone’sjob=beunemployed失业,没有工作Hismotherhasbeenoutofworkforhalfayear.inwork有工作Isherhusbandinwork?outof意为“在…之外”,“向…外”;表示失去,没有,用完;不再处于某种状况。反义词为into或in。 ①Thelittleboyranoutoftheroom.②Hetookmybooksoutofmyschoolbag.③Don’trunintotheroom.④Canyouputyourraincoatinyourpocket? outofbreath上气不接下气outofpatience不耐烦outofpetrol汽油用完了outofuse没用了outoforder出故障了outofcontrol失控了outofdanger脱离危险了outofsight看不见了outoffashion不时兴outofdate过时outofrepair无法修葺Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见,心不烦。 16.as…as+主语+can/could尽可能,尽量=as…as+possibleHewasrunningasfastashecould.=Hewasrunningasfastaspossible.YoumustspeakEnglishasoftenasyoucan.=YoumustspeakEnglish__________________.asoftenaspossible Theydidtheexperimentascarefullyastheycould.=Theydidtheexperiment___________________.Trytomakeasfewmistakesasyoucan.=Trytomake_______________________.ascarefullyaspossibleasfewmistakesaspossible 17.“Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.” 某些动词(see,find,witness等)主语有时不是人而是物,即拟人用法,使句子生动。1)Thisoldhousehasseengooddays.2)Dusk(黄昏)foundaboycryinginthestreet.3)Oct1,1949,saw/witnessedthefoundationofthePeople’sRepublicofChina. a.这是一个复合句，包含一个时间状语从句，同时在时间状语从句中含有一个定语从句。b.本句的结构是：主句（Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress）+时间状语从句（untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall）。 c.主句的结构是：主语（Thelastthirtyyears）+谓语（haveseen）+宾语（thegreatestnumberoflaws）+宾语补足语（stoppingourrightsandprogress）。d.时间状语从句的结构是：主语（we）+谓语（havereached）+宾语（astage）+定语从句（wherewehavealmostnorightsatall）。 [仿写]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(过去的30年见证了我国发生的巨大变化，到现在我们已经进入了在很多领域处于领先地位的时代。)Thelastthirtyyearshaveseengreatchangestakeplaceinourcountry,untilnowwehavereachedastagewhereweshareleadingpositionsinmanyfields. ...untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.[考点]定语从句中关系副词where的用法[考例]Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity______sightmattersmorethanhearing.A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where[点拨]题意为“那些成功的聋人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动”。先行词activity后跟定语从句，从句中where作地点状语，意为“在那种活动中，在那种情况或场合下”。 case,condition,situation,position,stage,point,job,family,work等作为先行词时，用inwhich或关系副词where引导定语从句。...wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.Teachingisajobinwhich/whereyouaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.教学是一项严肃而有趣的工作。 18.votevt.&vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决①Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.黑人无权投票选举他们的领导。②Inmyopinion,we’dbettervoteonit.在我看来，我们最好投票表决。③Didyouvotefororagainsther?你投了她赞成票还是反对票？④TheAmericansvotetochoosetheirpresident.美国人投票选举总统。 19.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.[考点]定语从句中in+which的用法。[考例]Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.inwhich [点拨]由四个选项可知空格处应填入定语从句的引导词。定语从句意为：peoplewereeatenbythetigerinthescene，所以应选D项。 20.putsb.in(into)prison把……关进监狱besenttoprison(被送进监狱)beinprison(在监狱里)bethrownintoprison(被投入监狱)breakprison(越狱)prison表示蹲监狱时,其前不用冠词throwsb.intoprison=send/takesb.toprison Hehadbeeninprisonfor20years.Themanwasputinprisonforstealingacar.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbethrownintoprison.Theyallwenttotheprisontovisittheprisoners.类似:bed,church,class,college,hospital,school,university,market 21.either...or...(两者之中)…或…(之一)Youmaystayeitherinahotelorinaprivatehouse.IwanttovisiteitherParisorLondon.EitheryouorIamwrong.Eitheroftheboyslikessinging.EitherdayisOK. neither…nor…既不……也不……Hehasneithermoneynorsocialposition.Neitherparentcareswhathappenstothechild.Neitheroftheboyslikestoplaysuchagame.both…and…两者都……BothheandIarewrong.Bothoftheboyslikesinging. ①accept(接受)表示主观上乐意接受。receive(收到,得到),表示客观收到,还不能断定是否接受。Ireceivedhisletterofinvitation,butIdidn’tacceptit.22.accept与receive的区别： ②accept还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”Heaskedhertomarryhimandsheaccepted.③receive还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”Shewasreceivedintotheclub. ---Haveyou_____theinvitationtotheparty?---Yes,Ihave.AndI’ve________it.A.accepted,receivedB.received,acceptedC.received,receivedD.accepted,accepted 23.attackvt.&n.1)进攻,袭击Theenemyattackedourairportallnight.敌人彻夜都在攻击我们的机场。2)(努力地)着手干Hetriedtoattacktheproblemfromdifferentangles.他试着从各个角度来着手解决这个问题。3)Thepolicearegivinganattackondrugdealers.警方对毒品贩子发动了攻击。 24.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。【分析】1)...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence是一个部分倒装句。一般句子的主语在前，谓语在后，但在这种倒装句中，助动词在主语之前。2)以only引导副词状语或状语从句放在句首加强语气时，经常使用部分倒装句。 ①Onlyyesterdaydidhisfathertellhimthetruth,whichwasabigsurprise.昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他来说真是一个令人吃惊的消息。②Onlybyshoutingwasheabletomakepeopleontheothersideoftheriverhearhim.他只有靠大声叫喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。 【学以致用】仿写句子首先，我们用我们自己的方式解决这个问题，而当这种方式行不通的时候，……只有到这个时候，我们才决定采取法律手段。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wefirstsettledtheprobleminawaywhichwasofourown;whenthisdidn’thelp...onlythendidwedecidetotakelegalmeans. 25.asamatteroffact事实上Asamatteroffact,I’veneverbeentherebefore.事实上我从未到过那儿。【拓展】asamatteroffact的同义短语(词)还有：infact；inreality；actually 26.ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.[考点]equal相等的、平等的IamsureTomisquiteequaltothetask.我确信,汤姆完全有能力承担这项任务。TomequalsJohnintheabilityofdealingwithsuchcases.在处理这类问题上，汤姆和约翰的能力是一样的。 [点拨]本题考查形容词作定语的用法。注意:but后的分句为倒装句,正常语序为...butskillsareofatleast______importance。实际上是把skills和fitness作对比，强调二者同等重要（equalimportance）。句意为“虽然健康的体格是从事体育运动的重要条件，但是掌握技能至少也是同等重要的”。[考例]Fitnessisimportantinsport,butofatleast______importanceareskills.A.fairB.reasonableC.equalD.proper a.这是一个复合句，包含一个原因状语从句，同时在原因状语从句中含有一个宾语从句。b.本句的结构是：主句（ButIwashappytohelp）+原因状语从句（becauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal）。c.原因状语从句的结构是：主语（I）+谓语（knew）+宾语从句（itwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal）。 d.宾语从句的结构是：主语（it）+谓语（wouldhelp）+宾语（us）+宾语补足语（achieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal）。e.makingblackandwhitepeopleequal作介词of的宾语；equal作blackandwhitepeople的宾语补足语。 [仿写]_________________________________________________________________________________________________________（我很难过，因为我觉得无论我多么努力，我们的友谊都不可能再继续下去了。）IamsosorrybecauseIthinkwewillneverbeabletocontinueourfriendshipnomatterhowhardItry. 27.introuble处于困境阅读下列句子，注意trouble短语的意思及用法。1.Ifyoudon’ttrytodoyourhomeworkyourself,youwillbeintrouble.2.Doyouhaveanytrouble(in)writingthearticle?3.Don’taskfortroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.4.It’sverykindofyoutotakethetroubletohelpme.5.Ifyoumaketroubleagain,I’llsendyouhome. beintrouble表示“处于困境”（句1）；havetrouble(in)doingsth.的意思是：____________（句2）；askfortrouble表示“自找麻烦”（句3）；takethetroubletodosth.表示“不辞劳苦地做某事”（句4）；___________表示“制造麻烦”（句5）。maketrouble做某事有困难 用以上所讲短语的适当形式完成句子。1.Someofourclassmatesalwaystalkor____________inclass.2.Doyou_____________learningEnglish?3.You’reverykindto________________answerthequestion.4.Doasyou’retold,oryou’llbe________.5.Drivingafterdrinkingwineis__________________.maketroublehavetroubleintakethetroubletointroubleaskingfortrouble 28.bewillingtodosth.愿意干某事willingadj.愿意的,乐意的Theyarewillingtocome.他们愿意来。 29.turnto求助于;转向Wecanturntohimforhelp.我们可以求助于他。MyteacherisakindpersontowhomIturnforadvice.我的老师是一个和蔼的人，我向他寻求意见。 turnto还可以相当于一个不及物动词，意为“努力干，加劲干”。[拓展]常见的含turn的其他短语：turndown拒不接受;把(音量等)调低turnoff关上turnon打开turnup出现 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Ialways______FrankwheneverIamintroublehere.A.turnoffB.turntoC.turndownD.turnon2.Hewaspoorbutproud,and______everyofferofhelp.A.turnedonB.turnedtoC.turnedoffD.turneddownBD 3.Fatherissleepinginthenextroom.Wouldyouplease______theradio?A.turnoffB.turntoC.turnupD.turnonA I.根据下列各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。1.Youhavetostudyforalongtimetobecomeal______.2.Thef__is$50forasix-weekartclass.3.Whatthecompanyhasdoneisperfectlyl____.lawyerfee练习legal 4.Thelocalschoolsformedafootballl______.5.It’sagoodmoveatthis____(阶段)inhiscareer.6.Thereistoomuch_______(暴力)onTVthesedays.leaguestageviolence 7.Theybelievethatallworkisof______(相等的)value.8.In1918Britishwomengottherightto____(投票).9.Thereport______(抨击)theideaofexamsfor7-and8-year-olds.attacksequalvote II.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Iwaslookingforwardtoworkingunderherexpert_______(guide).2.Jamesfeltmore______(hope)abouthisfutureafterhischatwithhisteacher.guidancehopeful 3.Itseemedso______(fair)butperhapshewasright.4.ItoldthemIwasperfectly______(will)tohelp.unfairwilling III.句型转换。每空一词，使上下两句的意思一致。1.Helosthisjobsixmonthsago.He_______________forsixmonths.2.Don’tbeafraidtoaskforhelpifyouneedit.Don’tbeafraidto_________forhelpifyouneedit.hasbeenoutofjobturntome 3.Infact,I’veneverbeentherebefore._______________,I’veneverbeentherebefore.4.WhenIwasyoung,Iwantedtobeamodel.__________,Iwantedtobeamodel.AsamatteroffactInmyyouth 5.HealwaysoffershishelpwhenIhavesometrouble.HealwaysoffershishelpwhenIam________．6.Canyoufillthisballoonwithair?Canyou______thisballoon?troubleinblowup 1).为那些遇到麻烦的穷苦人提供咨询服务2).开始上学3).三公里远4).继续支付学费5).担心我是否会失业Homework1.TranslatethefollowingphrasesorsentencesintoEnglish: 6).过去的三十年7).接受低人一等的事实8).只有这时我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。9).实际上10).被监禁11).炸毁一些政府大楼12).这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。 2.P71.UsingstructuresEX.2