浙江省绍兴市上虞区2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

2022学年第一学期高二期末教学质量调测英语试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)。第Ⅰ卷1至9页，第Ⅱ卷10页至11页。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthespeakersdo?A.Getsomefood.B.Gobackhome.C.Buysomedrinks.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Nora,mymouthisdry.IforgottobringacanofCokefromhome.W:Metoo.Inoticedthere’savendingmachineattheentranceofthepark.WhataboutgoingthereandgettingsomecansofCoke?M:Goodidea!I’veneverfoundyou’resuchacarefulperson.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatcanwesayaboutthewoman?A.She’sforgetful.B.She’stalkative.C.She’shard-working.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Elena,whatdidyouwanttosayaminuteago?I’msorryIwastoobusyonthephonethen. W:Oops,Ican’tremembernow.Thissortofthingoftenhappenstome,whichtroublesmealot.M:Ifitreallyaffectsyourlife,you’dbettertakeanotebookwithyou.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whendidthemantakehissuitstothelaundry?A.Monday.B.Friday.C.Saturday.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Iwon’thaveanythingtoweartoworkonMonday.Itookallmysuitstothedrycleaner’sonFriday.W:Goandpickthemup.Theshopclosesearlyonweekends.M:Oh,yes.I’llpickthemupfirstthingtomorrow.I’mafraidI’mnotavailabletoday.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atahotel.B.Atatrainstation.C.Atanairport.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,madam.WouldyoutellmehowtogettoGate23?Myflightwilltakeoffinhalfanhour,butIcan’tfindasign.W:Oh,youshouldwalkupstairs.Gates15to27areonthesecondfloor.M:Thankyouverymuch.ThisterminalisreallydifferentfromothersthatI’vebeento.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwasthewoman’sbrother’sadvice?A.Workingfromhome.B.Learningprogramming.C.Payingofftheloan.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:IfeelsogladthatIfollowedmybrother’sadvicetolearnprogramming.Otherwise,Iwouldn’thaveachancetoworkfromhomeandIwouldhavedifficultyinrepayingthebankloan.M:IdohopetheCOVID-19willcometoanendassoonaspossible.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Avideo.B.Apieceofmusic.C.Acompany.7.HowdoesthewomanfeelaboutVictory?A.It’sencouraging.B.It’sboring.C.It’sunknown.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】W:Luke,haveyoueverheardthemusicVictorymadebythecompanyTwoStepsfromHell?M:Ofcourse.Ithasgotsopopularthatpeopleuseitwidelyinshortvideos.W:Yes.M:Totellyouthetruth,it’soneofmyfavoritepieces.WhenIfeelsleepy,I’lllistentoit.Itcanmakemefeelrefreshed.W:Metoo.I’vecollecteddozensofpiecesthataresimilartoVictory.Theycanhelpmesaveabout20yuaneveryday.M:Whydoyousayso?W:Well,ifIdon’tlistentothiskindofmusic,I’llhavetospendthatamountofmoneyoncoffeeeachdaytokeepmeenergetic.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WhathasthecityofWenzhoumanagedtodorecently?A.Attractinvestment.B.Becomeaneco-friendlycity.C.Foundahydro-electricpowerplant.9.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoingintheend?A.Stoppingusinggas.BBuildingwindpowerplants.C.Raisingawarenessaboutresources.【答案】8A9.C【解析】 【原文】W:Oliver,youknowwhat?Wenzhouhasattractedtwelvenewenergyprojectswhichareworth125.8billionyuaninrecentyears.M:I’venoticedithastakenactiontobecomeagreencity.Ithasagoalofbecomingaleaderintheinnovativedevelopmentofthenewenergyindustry.Whatdothenewenergyprojectsincludeexactly?W:There’sacarbonneutralheadquartersfacilityforwindpower.Itaimstogeneratepowerindeepwaters.M:Fantastic!Wedoneedtoturntogreenenergy.Non-renewableresources,suchasoil,naturalgasandcoal,arebecominglessandlessonourearth.W:Yes.Weshouldnotonlysaveenergy,butalsousealternativeenergy,likethesolarenergyandwindenergy.M:Youcansaythatagain.Butsomepeoplehaven’tbeenawarethattheresourceswecommonlyusewillbeuseduponeday.Weshoulddosomething.Howaboutmakingsomeposterstoremindpeople?W:Goodidea.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.WheredoesWuMingcomefrom?A.China.B.Germany.C.America.11.WhydidWuMingdecidetostudyChinesemedicine?A.TolearnChineseculture.B.TomakeupforWesternmedicine.C.Tofollowinhisparents’footsteps.12.WhatdidWuMingfindmostdifficulttogetusedto?A.Thelanguage.B.Theweather.C.Thelivinghabit.【答案】10.B11.B12.A【解析】【原文】W:Henry,comeandsee.Ibetyou’lllikethisstory.M:What’sitabout,Charlotte?W:It’saboutayoungGermanlearningtraditionalChinesemedicine.M:Really?Whereishestudying?W:AtHenanUniversityofChineseMedicine.M:What’shisname?W:WuMingaChinesename. M:Ha-ha.ImustsayIknowthatguy.He’smyelderbrother.W:Areyouserious?You’venevermentionedhimbefore.WhydoesyourbrothershowinterestinChinesemedicine?M:Youknow,bothofmyparentsareworkinginthehospitalintheU.S.Mybrotherthoughtsomediseasescan’tbetreatedthoroughlywithWesternmedicinealone,sohedecidedtodigintoChinesemedicine.W:Didhehaveanydifficultyinlearning?M:Yes.Atfirst,hecouldn’tstandtheweather.It’sdifferentfromthatinourcountry.Butthebiggestwasthathisteachers,schoolmates,andevensomepatientsspeakwiththeHenandialectinthedailyconversations.Butnowhecancommunicatewiththemeasily.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatisthewoman?A.Acleaner.B.Aticketseller.C.Areceptionist.14.Whobookedaroomfortwonights?A.CharlesJames.B.CharlesNielsen.C.CharlesNielsenJr.15.Whydoesn’tthemanthinkhecanfindaroomtonight?A.There’snoroomavailable.B.Thecomputersystemdoesn’twork.C.Allhotelsonlyacceptonlinebookings.16.Whatdoesthemandoattheendoftheconversation?A.Stayfortwonights.B.Takethedoubleroom.C.Getadiscountthistime.【答案】13.C14.C15.A16.B【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning,sir.HowmayIhelpyou?M:Yes.I’mcheckingin.MynameisCharlesNielsen.W:Okay,letmehavealook.Oh,hereitis.You’vebookedasingleroomfortwonights,right?M:Oh,Ibookedaroomonlineonlyfortonight.W:Hmm…I’dbetterhavealookatthecomputer.Ah,theroomfortwonightswasbookedunderthenameofCharlesNielsenJr.AndaroomforonenightunderCharlesJames.I’msorry.ButIcan’tfindyourbooking,Mr. Nielsen.M:Theremustbesomethingwrong.Pleasehaveacheckagain.W:Okay.Sir,I’mstillsorry.M:Thendoyouhaveanyroomsavailabletonight?W:I’mafraidnot.Sincethere’saconcertatthenearbystadiumtonight,alltheroomshavealreadybeenbooked.M:Well,Ibettheotherhotelsintownhavenoroomsavailableeither.W:Pleasewaitawhile.Sir,youaresuchaluckyguy.Amancanceledhisbookingaminuteago.Now,adoubleroomisavailable.Wouldyouliketotakeit?M:CanIgetsomediscounts?W:I’msorry.Wedon’tofferanydiscountstoday.ButIpromiseyou’llgeta25%discountnexttime.M:Okay,hereismyIDcard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Givingalesson.B.Makingaspeech.C.Hostingamusicprogram.18.HowoldwasBeethovenwhenhepublishedhisfirstwork?A.30yearsold.B.21yearsold.C.13yearsold.19.WhendidthemusicpieceSymphonyNo.5comeout?A.In1804.B.In1808.C.In1814.20.WhatisFidelio?A.Aband.B.Abook.C.Amusicalplay.【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.C【解析】【原文】Goodmorning,everyone!LastFriday,wetalkedaboutMozartandFranzSchubert.Intoday’sclass,we’lllearnaboutthegreatGermanmusicianBeethoven.BeethovenwasborninBonnin1770.HewasinitiallytaughtbyhisfatherandlaterbythecomposerandconductorChristianGottlobNeefe.AndunderChristian’sguidance,hepublishedhisfirstwork,asetofpianovariationsin1783.Attheageof21,BeethovenmovedtoVienna,whichlaterlaidthegroundworkforhiscareer.Hethengainedareputationasaskilledpianist.Hisfirstmajororchestralwork,SymphonyNo.1,wasfirstplayedinpublicin1800.Unluckily,hewasgraduallylosinghishearing.Beethovenhadtousenotebookstocarryoutconversations.Buthecontinuedto conductandfinishedhisSymphonyNo.3andSymphonyNo.5in1804and1808,respectively.Hewasalmostcompletelydeafby1814,andthenhegaveupperformingandappearinginpublic.AlthoughBeethovenwaslesssociallyinvolved,hecomposedmanyofhismostadmiredworks.Hisonlyopera,Fidelio,firstperformedin1805,wasrevisedtoitsfinalversionin1814.Afteralongillness,hediedin1827.Beethoven’sworkscountalotinclassicalmusicnow.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15个小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHongKonghasamongtheworld’sfinestdiningforvariousstylesoffood.Belowarefourmostwell-receivedrestaurantsamongtourists.LungKingHeenItisoneofonlytwoCantoneserestaurantsinthecitythatarerated3stars.Theservice,foodanddiningatmosphereisamongthebestintheworld.YoumightreserveaVictoriaHarborviewthataffordsaseatat8pmfortheSymphonyofLights.Priceperperson:1,200to2,000HKDLunch:MondaytoFridaynoonto2:30p.m.,Saturday,Sunday,publicholiday11:30a.m.—2:30p.m.Dinner:6p.m.—10p.m.Address:4/FFourSeasons,8FinanceStreetBoInnovationBoInnovationissurprisingbecausethefoodisn’ttraditionalChinese,butitisrated3-Michelinstarshighlyforthecreativityaswellasforthedelicious,sometimesnovelflavors.Priceperperson:above800HKDHours:Mon—Thunoon—3p.m.,6:30p.m.—midnight;Frinoon—3p.m.,6p.m.—midnight;Sat6p.m.—midnight,SunclosedAddress:Shop8,1/F,ThePodium,JResidence,60JohnstonRoad,WanChaiHarvestRestaurant HarvestRestauranthasapublicbeachfrontalltoitselfattheregion’snewestthemeparkcalledNoah’sArk.Itisaspecialtreatforchildrenandtourists.You’llfindanexcellentselectionofgoodqualityfood,excellentbuffet,goodviews,andarelativelylowdinnerprice.Averagepriceperperson:MondaytoThursdayHKD380andFridaytoSundayHKD430.vHours:8:00a.m.—9:30p.m.Address:33PakYanRoad,MaWanIslandCapriceFrenchRestaurantCapricestandsoutforanexcellentwindow-sideview,elegantsetting,andthebestqualityfood,wheretouristscanappreciatethecharmingsceneryofVictoriaHarbor.Averagepriceperperson:HKD823Hours:12p.m.—2:30p.m.(forlunch)and6p.m.—10:30p.m.(fordinner,andclosingtimeforlastorder)Address:Floor6,FourSeasonsHotel,8FinancialStreet21.InwhichrestaurantscantouristsadmiretheviewofVictoriaHarbor?A.BoInnovationandHarvestRestaurant.B.LungKingHeenandHarvestRestaurant.C.LungKingHeenandCapriceFrenchRestaurant.D.CapriceFrenchRestaurantandHarvestRestaurant.22Whatdothefourrestaurantshaveincommon?A.TheyallopenonSaturdays.B.Theyallhavereceived3stars.C.Theyarelocatedinthesamestreets.D.Theyallchargeabove400HKDperperson.23.Whereisthepassageprobablyfrom?A.Anencyclopedia.B.Atravelbrochure.C.Aresearchreport.D.Ahealthwebsite.【答案】21.C22.A23.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍香港四家最受欢迎的餐厅的情况。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据LungKingHeen部分中“YoumightreserveaVictoriaHarborviewthataffordsaseatat8 pmfortheSymphonyofLights.(你可以预定一个能看到维多利亚港的座位，晚上8点看《幻彩咏香江》)”以及CapriceFrenchRestaurant部分中“Capricestandsoutforanexcellentwindow-sideview,elegantsetting,andthebestqualityfood,wheretouristscanappreciatethecharmingsceneryofVictoriaHarbor.(在这里，游客可以欣赏到维多利亚港迷人的景色，风景优美，环境优雅，食物最优质)”可知，游客可以在LungKingHeen和CapriceFrenchRestaurant欣赏维多利亚港的景色。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第一部分“Lunch:MondaytoFridaynoonto2:30p.m.,Saturday,Sunday,publicholiday11:30a.m.—2:30p.m.(午餐：星期一至五中午至下午二时三十分，星期六、日及公众假期上午11:30至下午二时三十分)”；第二部分“Hours:Mon—Thunoon—3p.m.,6:30p.m.—midnight;Frinoon—3p.m.,6p.m.—midnight;Sat6p.m.—midnight,Sunclosed(营业时间：星期一至四中午至下午3时，下午6时30分至午夜；星期五中午到下午3点，下午6点到午夜；星期六下午6点到午夜，日出关门)”；第三部分“Hours:8:00a.m.—9:30p.m.(工作时间：上午8时至晚上9时30分)”以及最后一部分“Hours:12p.m.—2:30p.m.(forlunch)and6p.m.—10:30p.m.(fordinner,andclosingtimeforlastorder)(营业时间：下午12点至下午2:30（午餐），下午6点至晚上10:30（晚餐，最后点餐结束时间）)”可知，这四家餐厅的共同之处是都在星期六开门。故选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“HongKonghasamongtheworld’sfinestdiningforvariousstylesoffood.Belowarefourmostwell-receivedrestaurantsamongtourists.(香港拥有世界上最好的餐厅，各种风格的食物。以下是四家最受游客欢迎的餐厅)”可知，文章主要介绍香港四家最受欢迎的餐厅的情况。由此推知，文章可能选自一本旅行册。故选B。BAstheChinesesayinggoes,aseedcanchangetheworld;avarietycanbenefitanation.ZhangDaorong,whohasspentthelast26yearscultivating13newvarietiesofwheatandcontributingtonationalfoodsecurityefforts,hasdoneboth.AftergraduatingfromtheHeilongjiangBayiAgriculturalUniversityinDaqing,Heilongjiangprovince,in1996,ZhanghasbeenworkingasaresearcherattheXiangyangAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Hubeiprovince.Thoughtheworkingconditionsandincomesshereceivedatthatmomentwerenotsatisfying,sheploughedonanddevotedherselftotheresearchofwheatvarieties.Agriculturalresearchworkwashardandcomplicated.Firstsheledhercolleaguestosuitableparentaltypesforaspecificcultivationpurpose.Then,theteamtriedahybridcombination.Afterseveralgenerationsoftrialandselection,andwhencharacteristicsremainedsteady,theybeganatwo-yearprocessofyieldtestinganddisease identification.Afterseveralmoreroundsoftests,anapplicationforevaluationandapprovalwasmadetoprovincialornationalauthoritiesformarketproduction.ThewheatvarietiesdevelopedbyZhangandhercolleagueshavebeengrownon2millionhectaresoffarmlandandhavegeneratednetprofitsofover100millionyuan.Oneofthemproduceslargeseedheadsandishighlyresistanttostriperust;anotherishighlyresistanttopre-harvestsprouting,whichresultsinadecreaseofthegrainyield.Today,the50-year-old,knownasthe“motherofwheat”,stillworksontheland.Sheconsidersitherresponsibilitytoworkhardandcontributetofoodsafety,especiallywhenthedomesticandglobaleconomystillfaceheadwindsfromtheCOVID-19pandemic.“Agriculturalresearchworkishardandcomplicated.Allwecandoisthinkmore,discussmore,askmorequestionsandfindanswersontheland.”shesaid.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutZhangDaorong?A.Herworkisimportantanddemanding.B.ShegothighlypaidwhensheworkedinHubei.C.Sheretiredafterbeingtitled“motherofwheat”.D.Herwheatvarietieshavehighproductionbutlowdiseaseresistance.25.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.WhatdifficultyZhangmetintheresearch.B.HowZhangandherteamdidagriculturalresearch.C.WhatcontributionsZhangmadetoChineseagriculture.D.WhyZhangandherteamdevelopedahybridwheattype.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeZhangDaorong?A.Generousandcaring.B.Determinedandhonest.C.Responsibleanddevoted.D.Modestandknowledgeable.27.What’sthewritingpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroduceagreatscientist.B.Toadvertisesomehigh-profitwheatvarieties.C.Tostatetheimportanceofagriculturalresearch.D.Toencourageyoungpeopletoworkonagriculture.【答案】24.A25.B26.C27.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家张道荣的个人经历、工作特点以及取得的成就。 【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Agriculturalresearchworkwashardandcomplicated.(农业研究工作既艰苦又复杂)”以及最后一段“Sheconsidersitherresponsibilitytoworkhardandcontributetofoodsafety,especiallywhenthedomesticandglobaleconomystillfaceheadwindsfromtheCOVID-19pandemic.(她认为自己有责任努力工作，为食品安全做出贡献，尤其是在国内和全球经济仍面临新冠疫情的不利影响的情况下)”可知，张道荣的工作很重要，要求也很高。故选A。【25题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Agriculturalresearchworkwashardandcomplicated.Firstsheledhercolleaguestosuitableparentaltypesforaspecificcultivationpurpose.Then,theteamtriedahybridcombination.Afterseveralgenerationsoftrialandselection,andwhencharacteristicsremainedsteady,theybeganatwo-yearprocessofyieldtestinganddiseaseidentification.Afterseveralmoreroundsoftests,anapplicationforevaluationandapprovalwasmadetoprovincialornationalauthoritiesformarketproduction.(农业研究工作既艰苦又复杂。首先，她带领她的同事找到了适合特定培养目的的亲本型。然后，该团队尝试了一种混合组合。经过几代的试验和选择，当特征保持稳定时，他们开始了为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。经过几轮测试后，向省级或国家主管部门提出了评估和批准的申请，以便投入市场生产)”可知，第三段的主要内容是张道荣和她的团队是如何进行农业研究的。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ZhangDaorong,whohasspentthelast26yearscultivating13newvarietiesofwheatandcontributingtonationalfoodsecurityefforts,hasdoneboth.(张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13种小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献)”，第二段“Thoughtheworkingconditionsandincomesshereceivedatthatmomentwerenotsatisfying,sheploughedonanddevotedherselftotheresearchofwheatvarieties.(虽然当时的工作条件和收入并不令人满意，但她坚持不懈，致力于小麦品种的研究)”以及最后一段“Sheconsidersitherresponsibilitytoworkhardandcontributetofoodsafety,especiallywhenthedomesticandglobaleconomystillfaceheadwindsfromtheCOVID-19pandemic.(她认为自己有责任努力工作，为食品安全做出贡献，尤其是在国内和全球经济仍面临新冠疫情的不利影响的情况下)”可推知，张道荣有责任心和奉献精神。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“ZhangDaorong,whohasspentthelast26yearscultivating13newvarietiesofwheatandcontributingtonationalfoodsecurityefforts,hasdoneboth.(张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13种小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献)”结合文章主要介绍了科学家张道荣的个人经历、工作特点以及取得的成就。可推知，文章的写作目的是介绍一位伟大的科学家。故选A。C OftenwhenImentionIhaveaPh.D.inphysicsandastronomy,theresponseIgetfrompeopleis“Oh,youmustbesosmart!”Ingeneral,peopletendtoassociatesciencewith“braininess”.Itisusuallythewaysocietyseesscientistsversusnon-scientists.SciencewriterKatArneyexploredthisissueinacolumnfortheRoyalSocietyofChemistry.Asshepointsout,thisseeminglyunbreakableassociationbetweenbraininessandscienceinfluenceschildren’sviewsoftheirfuture.Thosewhodonotseethemselvesasbeingamongthecleverestinclasswillautomaticallydiscounttheideaofacareerinascientificarea,eveniftheyfindscienceinterestinganddowellinthesubject.Thisstereotype(刻板印象)affectsyounggirls.School-agedgirlsslightlyoutperformboysinmathandscience.However,mentakeupabiggeramountofpositionsatscience,fromundergraduatesciencemajorstoadministrativepositionswiththepowertohireandpromote.Inotherwords,themessageofbraininessmatchingscientificskillsisappliedmoreheavilytomenthantowomen.Theproblemisfarworsewhenthemessageisusedtogeneralizeaboutgroups,especiallyrace.Whencombinedwiththeculturalbeliefthatonlythe“brainy”areworthyofscientifictraining,itbecomesaself-reinforcing(自我强化的)cycle.YouwillhearthatAfrican-Americanunder-representationinscienceisbecausetheyarenot“smart”enough.Infact,black-majorityschoolsareoftenunderfunded.Theylackteachers,suppliesandothernecessitiesforSTEMpreparation.Tomakemattersworse,theirstudentsarefacedwithdailychallengestotheirintelligenceforthosewhodoearnSTEMdegrees.Thetruthis,noneofusarebornscientists.Weoftensay,“childrenarenaturalscientists.”Whatwereallymeanisthattheyarenaturallycuriousandwillingtoexperimentinwaysadultsaregenerallytrainedoutof.Theyhavetobetaughttochannelthatcuriosityintoproductivepathways.Andwehavetodoalotbetteratnotreinforcingthemessagethatscientistsaresmarterthannon-scientistandthatonlythegeniusescandoscience.28.Whatisacommonlyheldbeliefofscientistsaccordingtotheauthor?A.Childrenaretruescientists.B.Menarebetterscientiststhanwomen.C.Scientistsaresmarterthannon-scientists.D.African-Americansareleastlikelytobescientists.29.Howdoesthestereotypeaffectyounggirls?A.Schoolgirlscan’tperformwellinscienceandmaths.B.Younggirlsarewillingtochooseacareerinascientificarea.C.Younggirlstakeupasmallernumberofpositionsatscience. DSchoolgirlsseethemselvesasnotbeingamongthecleverestinclass.30.Apartfromthestereotype,whatmaypreventAfrican-Americansfrompursuingscience?A.Theirlowintelligence.B.Theself-reinforcingcycle.C.Themajorityofblackstudentsintheirschools.D.AlackofschoolresourcesforSTEMteaching.31.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthestereotype?A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Ambiguous.【答案】28.C29.C30.D31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了“科学家比非科学家更聪明”的刻板印象及其影响。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ingeneral,peopletendtoassociatesciencewith‘braininess’.Itisusuallythewaysocietyseesscientistsversusnon-scientists.(一般来说，人们倾向于把科学与‘聪明’联系在一起。这通常是社会看待科学家与非科学家的方式)”可知，人们对科学家的刻板印象是认为科学家比非科学家更聪明，故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“School-agedgirlsslightlyoutperformboysinmathandscience.However,mentakeupabiggeramountofpositionsatscience,fromundergraduatesciencemajorstoadministrativepositionswiththepowertohireandpromote.(学龄女孩在数学和科学方面的表现略优于男孩。然而，男性在科学领域占据了更多的职位，从本科科学专业到拥有招聘和晋升权力的行政职位)”可知，刻板印象对年轻女孩的影响是她们在科学领域占据更少的职位。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theylackteachers,suppliesandothernecessitiesforSTEMpreparation.(他们缺乏教师、物资和其他为STEM准备的必需品)”可知，缺乏STEM教学的学校资源也是阻碍非裔美国人追求科学的一个因素，故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Andwehavetodoalotbetteratnotreinforcingthemessagethatscientistsaresmarterthannon-scientistandthatonlythegeniusescandoscience.(我们必须做更多，不要强化科学家比非科学家更聪明，只有天才才能做科学这样的信息)”可知，作者提出不要强化科学家比非科学家更聪明这种刻板印象，故他对此持否定的态度。故选B。D TheoriginalBladeRunnerfilmtookplaceinanimaginedLosAngelesof2019,afuturisticcitywhereskieswerecrowdedwith“skimmers”:flyingcarsthatzippedalongaerialhighways.Sincethefilm’s1982debut(首映),technologyhasadvancedinwaysthatHollywoodmightneverhavepredicted.Flyingcarsmayseemfuturistic—butfromcommercialjetpackstopersonalairtaxis,theyarealreadyhere.Here’showtheycouldtransformthewaywecommute,workandlive.WhiletheseaircraftmaynotlookexactlylikeBladeRunner’simaginings,theyarenotthatfaroff.Farsmallerthanacommercialplane,mostaredesignedwithrotors(螺旋桨)insteadofwings,whichallowforverticaltakeoffsandlandings.Mostimportantly,thesevehiclesaredesignedtoofferfastercommutesthantraditionalmodesoftransitforindividuals,especiallyintraffic-cloggedcities.Atthemoment,theautonomousurbanaircraftmarketisstillabitofaWildWest.Dozensofstart-upcompaniesarecompetingtodevelopcommercialjetpacks,flyingmotorbikesandpersonalairtaxis.Meanwhile,aviationauthoritiesarecurrentlyhashingoutthepoliciesandsafetystandardsthatwillgovernthisnewfieldoftransport.Volocopter,forinstance,hasmarketeditsVoloCitycraftasthefirstcommerciallylicensedelectricallypoweredairtaxi,avehiclewhichwilleventuallybeabletorunwithoutapilot.“It’slikeanUberBlack,”saysFabienNestmann,vicepresidentofpublicaffairsatVolocopter.Initially,theVoloCitywillonlyhaveroomforasinglepassenger.Thatwillmeanahighercostperrideatfirst.Buteventually,thecompany’sgoalistomakethecostcompetitivewith,say,anUberBlack.“Wedon’twantthistobeatoyforthewealthy,butratherpartofawell-integratedjourneyforanyoneinanurbanarea,”hesays.Increasingnumbersofflyingcarswillnaturallygiverisetoachanginglayoutinthewayourcitiesarestructuredascitiesgrowtaller,rooftoplandingsexpandandairhighwaysconnectsupersky-scrapers,freeingupspacebelow.Fewercarsonthegroundwillreducetrafficjamandmaygiverisetoparksandgreenspaces.32.WhydoestheauthormentionBladeRunnerfilminparagraph1?A.Toshowanexample.B.Toleadtothetopic.C.Toexpresshisdoubts.D.Togivebackgroundinformation.33.Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedpart“aWildWest”inparagraph4?A.PromisingB.StableC.ImmatureD.Overdeveloped34.Whateffectwillflyingcarsprobablybringtothecity?A.Moregreenspaces.B.Severetrafficjams.C.Advancedsky-scrapers.D.Expandedairhighways.35.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage? A.BladeRunner’sImaginingsComeTrueB.TheNumberofFlyingCarsAreIncreasingC.TheFlyingCarIsHeretoChangetheWorldD.AutonomousUrbanAircraftMarketIsBooming【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了飞行汽车可能对人们的生活产生的改变和带来的影响。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“TheoriginalBladeRunnerfilmtookplaceinanimaginedLosAngelesof2019,afuturisticcitywhereskieswerecrowdedwith“skimmers”:flyingcarsthatzippedalongaerialhighways.Sincethefilm’s1982debut(首映),technologyhasadvancedinwaysthatHollywoodmightneverhavepredicted.(最初的《银翼杀手》电影发生在2019年的洛杉矶，这是一个未来主义的城市，天空中挤满了“漂浮器”：在空中高速公路上飞驰的飞行汽车。自1982年这部电影上映以来，科技的进步可能是好莱坞从未预料到的)”可推知，作者在第一段提到了《银翼杀手》这部电影是为了引入主题——飞行汽车。故选B。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Dozensofstart-upcompaniesarecompetingtodevelopcommercialjetpacks,flyingmotorbikesandpersonalairtaxis.Meanwhile,aviationauthoritiesarecurrentlyhashingoutthepoliciesandsafetystandardsthatwillgovernthisnewfieldoftransport.(数十家初创公司正在竞相开发商用喷气背包、飞行摩托车和个人空中出租车。与此同时，航空当局目前正在制定政策和安全标准，以管理这一新的运输领域)”可知，后文提到初创公司正在开发，相关规定正在制定，说明自动驾驶城市飞机市场还不成熟。故画线词意思是“不成熟的”。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Fewercarsonthegroundwillreducetrafficjamandmaygiverisetoparksandgreenspaces.(地面上更少的汽车将减少交通堵塞，并可能增加公园和绿地)”可知，飞行汽车可能会给城市带来更多绿地。故选A。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Flyingcarsmayseemfuturistic—butfromcommercialjetpackstopersonalairtaxis,theyarealreadyhere.Here’showtheycouldtransformthewaywecommute,workandlive.(飞行汽车可能看起来很未来，但从商用喷气背包到个人空中出租车，它们已经出现了。以下是它们如何改变我们通勤、工作和生活的方式)”结合文章主要说明了飞行汽车可能对人们的生活产生的改变和带来的影响。可知，C选项“飞行汽车将改变世界”最符合文章标题。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。Readingadog’sbodylanguagerequiresexperienceandexpertguidance.ZazieTodd,adogtrainerandfounderoftheblogCompanionAnimalPsychology,thinksabouthowtounderstanddogs’behaviour.____36____They’reexpectingpunishmentbutdon’tnecessarilyknowtheirbehavioriswrong.AlexandraHorowitz,aprofessoratBarnardCollegewhoresearchesdogs’cognition(认知),pointsoutthe“guilty”lookislinkedtobeingscoldedbytheowner.IfyourdoglickstheirmouthThey’restressed.Recently,twoEuropeanstudieshavehighlightedthemeaningofthislicking.Onefoundthatitwasadog’sresponsetoseeinganangryoraggressivehumanfaceonacomputerscreen.____37____Ifyouspotthissign,tryreducingyourdog’sstresslevels.Itcouldbeassimpleasgivingthemmorephysicalspace.Iftherearefireworksandyourdogisshaking____38____Thisisacommonreaction,butasurprisingnumberofpeopledon’trealizethatshakingandtremblingaresignsoffear.Whereasonlyaquarterofownerssaytheirdogisafraidofloudnoises,halfreportthesebehavioralsigns.Ifyouareatthevetandyourdog’stailisdownThey’reanxious.Obvioussignsofanunhappydogincludehidingortryingtoleavetheexamroom,butcommonlymissedtriggersrangefromatuckedtailandloweredearstotrembling.____39____Manyvetsnowusefoodtomaketheexperiencemorefun.IfyourdogleansintoyouduringapettingtimeTheylikeit!Ifyou’reunsurethatadogisenjoyingbeingpetted,stop,thenwatchtheirreaction.Iftheychoosetowanderoff,thepettingtimeisover.Othersignsofdiscomfortincludesniffingthefloor,lookingawayandbreathingheavily.However,iftheyleanonyouorpawatyoutogetmorehugs,continue!____40____A.Thisbehaviormeanstheylikeit.B.Theyarefrightenedbythenoises.C.Ifyourdoggetsstressedatappointments,askwhatcanbedone.D.Ifyourdoglooksguiltywhenyouwalkinthedoorandseeamess.E.Starttopetthemandremainnearbysothatyourdogwouldbecomforted.F.Theotherdeterminedthatdogslicktheirmouthsinresponsetoamildthreat.G.Preferredpartsontheirbodiesaretoeithersideofthechestandunderthechin.【答案】36.D37.F38.B39.C40.G 【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就狗的一些常见肢体语言进行解释说明。【36题详解】根据本段内容“They’reexpectingpunishmentbutdon’tnecessarilyknowtheirbehavioriswrong.AlexandraHorowitz,aprofessoratBarnardCollegewhoresearchesdogs’cognition(认知),pointsoutthe“guilty”lookislinkedtobeingscoldedbytheowner.(他们知道会有惩罚，但不一定知道自己的行为是错误的。巴纳德学院研究狗的认知的教授AlexandraHorowitz指出，“内疚”的表情与被主人责骂有关)”可知，本段主要是关于狗看起来内疚的情况，D选项中guilty对应后文guilty。故D选项“当你走进门看到乱七八糟的东西时，如果你的狗看起来很内疚”符合语境，故选D。【37题详解】根据标题“Ifyourdoglickstheirmouth(如果你的狗舔他们的嘴)”以及前文“Onefoundthatitwasadog’sresponsetoseeinganangryoraggressivehumanfaceonacomputerscreen.(其中一项研究发现，这是狗在电脑屏幕上看到愤怒或咄咄逼人的人脸时的反应)”可知，本段主要是关于狗舔嘴的解释，F选项licktheirmouths对应标题licktheirmouths。故F选项“另一项研究认为，狗舔嘴是对轻微威胁的反应”符合语境，故选F。【38题详解】根据后文“Thisisacommonreaction,butasurprisingnumberofpeopledon’trealizethatshakingandtremblingaresignsoffear.Whereasonlyaquarterofownerssaytheirdogisafraidofloudnoises,halfreportthesebehavioralsigns.(这是一种常见的反应，但令人惊讶的是，很多人没有意识到震动和颤抖是恐惧的迹象。虽然只有四分之一的主人说他们的狗害怕大的噪音，但有一半的人报告了这些行为迹象)”可知，本段主要说明了狗害怕大的噪音，B选项noises对应后文loudnoises。故B选项“它们害怕噪音”符合语境，故选B。【39题详解】根据上文“They’reanxious.Obvioussignsofanunhappydogincludehidingortryingtoleavetheexamroom,butcommonlymissedtriggersrangefromatuckedtailandloweredearstotrembling.(他们焦虑。狗不开心的明显迹象包括躲起来或试图离开检查室，但通常错过的触发因素包括夹起尾巴、垂下耳朵、颤抖)”以及后文“Manyvetsnowusefoodtomaketheexperiencemorefun.(许多兽医现在用食物来增加体验的乐趣)”可知，后文提到了减轻狗压力的办法，可知本句主要是针对感到压力应该怎么办进行提问。故C选项“如果你的狗在检查时感到压力，问问能做些什么”符合语境，故选C。【40题详解】根据上文“However,iftheyleanonyouorpawatyoutogetmorehugs,continue!(然而，如果它们靠在你身上 或用爪子抓你来得到更多的拥抱，继续！)”可知，上文提到了继续抚摸自己的宠物，本句为本段最后一句，G选项“它们喜欢的（被抚摸的）身体部位是胸部两侧和下巴下面”符合语境，就抚摸的部位进行进一步说明。故选G。第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15个小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。MassimoBotturaopenedarestaurantinItalyin1995whichisatwo-timewinneroftheworld’sbest.Today,hiscookingempire____41____fromDubaitoLosAngeles.AndheisoneofthestarsofapopularNetflixseries.However,outofallthose____42____,Italy’smostcelebratedchefsaysthatthepeakisRefettorioAmbrosianos.AtRefettorioAmbrosianos,dinnerguestsaregreetedbynameanddineonfinechinaattables.Themenuchangesdaily,____43____whatcomesinwiththemorning’sdelivery.Thedeliverymay____44____dryvegetables,meatclosetosell-bydateandtoo-ugly-to-soldfruits.Bydinner,however,thesupermarketwasteshavebeen____45____intodeliciousmeals.About100diners—refugees,thehomeless,andtheunemployed—enjoythemealwithobvious____46____,laughingwiththevolunteerwaiters,praisingthevolunteerchefs,andforgetting,atleastforanhour,the____47____ofalifeonthestreets.____48____,Bottura’sRefettoriosarenotrestaurants,theyaresoupkitchens.Butunlike____49____soupkitchens,theguestsdonothavetowaitinalinetoreceivefood.AsBotturasays,theexperiencecanmakehisguests_____50_____confidence,forgetthehardshipsandfeel_____51_____.ChefsatRefettoriocookfreemealswith_____52_____fromlocalshops.SoRefettorioAmbrosianosare_____53_____asplacestofocusattentiononthegrowingglobalfoodwasteproblem.“RefettorioAmbrosianoisamovementhopingto_____54_____foodwastecrisis,”saysBottura,“Ineverthoughtleftoverfoodswereawaste.Anoldcarrot,ahardpieceofbread,brownbananas…theyarejustopportunitiesforustocreatesomething_____55_____.”41.A.extractsB.expandsC.exposesD.estimates42.A.consequencesB.fantasiesC.achievementsD.entertainments43.A.dependingonB.insistingonC.switchingonD.callingon44.A.compriseB.linkC.traceD.consume45.A.obtainedB.displayedC.transformedD.interpreted46.A.quantityB.suspectC.ambitionD.pleasure47.A.challengesB.expectationsC.boundariesD.conflicts 48.A.UltimatelyB.ActuallyC.BarelyD.Merely49.A.contradictoryB.abstractC.complexD.traditional50.A.revealB.recallC.regainD.react51.A.occupiedB.trickedC.comfortedD.committed52.A.leftoversB.grainsC.dessertsD.recipes53.A.clarifiedB.acknowledgedC.qualifiedD.protected54.A.defendB.blameC.strengthenD.defeat55.A.vividB.remarkableC.amusingD.optimistic【答案】41.B42.C43.A44.A45.C46.D47.A48.B49.D50.C51.C52.A53.B54.D55.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了RefettorioAmbrosianos利用商店、超市等地方的剩余物为无家可归者做出美味，让他的客人重新获得信心，忘记困难。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如今，他的烹饪帝国从迪拜扩展到了洛杉矶。A.extracts提取；B.expands扩展；C.exposes暴露；D.estimates估计。根据下文“fromDubaitoLosAngeles(从迪拜到洛杉矶)”可知，空白处应填表示“扩展”含义的动词，故选B项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，意大利最著名的厨师说，在所有这些成就中，最高成就是RefettorioAmbrosianos。A.consequences结果；B.fantasies幻想；C.achievements成就；D.entertainments娱乐。根据下文“thepeak(最高成就)”可知上文说的是在所有的成就中，故选C项。【43题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：菜单每天都会变化，这取决于早上送来的东西。A.dependingon取决于；B.insistingon坚持；C.switchingon转换；D.callingon号召。根据下文“whatcomesinwiththemorning’sdelivery(早上送来的东西)”可知，早上送来的东西决定了菜单每天的变化，空白处应填表示“取决于……”含义的动词短语，故选A项。【44题详解】考查动词词意辨析。句意：送来的东西可能包括干蔬菜、接近保质期的肉类和难看到无法出售的水果。A.comprise包括；B.link联系；C.trace跟踪；D.consume消耗。根据上文“Thedelivery(送来的东西)”以及下文“dryvegetables,meatclosetosell-bydateandtoo-ugly-to-soldfruits(干蔬菜、接近保质期的肉类和难看到无法出售的水果)”可知下文是上文的组成部分，空白处应填表示“包括”含义的动词，故选A项。 【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到了晚饭时，超市里的垃圾已经变成了美味的饭菜。A.obtained获得；B.displayed陈列；C.transformed转变；D.interpreted口译。根据上文“thesupermarketwastes(超市里的垃圾)”以及下文“deliciousmeals.(美味的饭菜)”可知上下文中间应填表示“转变”含义的动词，故选C项。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约100名食客，大多是难民、无家可归者和失业者，享受着这顿饭的乐趣，与志愿服务员一起大笑，赞扬志愿厨师，至少在一个小时内忘记了街头生活的挑战。A.quantity质量；B.suspect怀疑；C.ambition野心；D.pleasure快乐。根据上文“enjoythemeal(享受这顿饭)”可知空白处应填表示“乐趣”含义的名词，故选D项。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.challenges挑战；困难；B.expectations期待；C.boundaries分界线；D.conflicts冲突。根据下文“lifeonthestreets(大街上的生活)”可知，此处上下文说的是暂时忘记大街上的艰难生活，故选A项。【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，Bottura的Refettorios不是餐馆，它们是他们是施粥所。A.Ultimately最后地；B.Actually事实上；C.Barely勉强；D.Merely仅仅。根据下文“Bottura’sRefettoriosarenotrestaurants,theyaresoupkitchens(Bottura的Refettorios不是餐馆，它们是汤房)”可知，此处陈述了一个事实，空白处应填表示“实际上”含义的副词，故选B项。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但与传统的施粥所不同，客人不必排队领取食物。A.contradictory矛盾的；B.abstract抽象的；C.complex复杂的；D.traditional传统的。根据下文“theguestsdonothavetowaitinalinetoreceivefood(客人不必排队领取食物)”可知此处在与之前的施粥所进行比较，空白处应填“传统的”含义的形容词，故选D项。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如博图拉所说，这种体验可以让他的客人重新获得信心，忘记困难，感到安慰。A.reveal揭露；B.recall回想；C.regain重新获得；D.react反应。根据下文“confidence(自信)”可知，来店里的客人大多是没有自信的无家可归者，这种体验可以让他们重新获得自信，故选C项。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.occupied占用的；B.tricked被骗的；C.comforted被安慰的；D.committed忠诚的。根据上文“theexperiencecanmakehisguestsregainconfidence,forgetthehardships(这种 体验可以让他的客人重新获得信心，忘记困难)”可推理出，这种体验能给这些无家可归者一种被安慰的感觉，故选C项。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Refettorio餐厅的厨师用当地商店的剩菜烹制免费餐点。A.leftovers剩饭；剩余物；B.grains谷物；C.desserts甜点；D.recipes食谱。根据下文“fromlocalshops(从当地商店)”以及“Ineverthoughtleftoverfoodswereawaste(我从没想过吃剩的食物是垃圾)”可知，空白处应填表示“剩余物”含义的名词，故选A项。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，RefettorioAmbrosianos被认为是关注日益严重的全球食物浪费问题的地方。A.clarified澄清；B.acknowledged承认；认为；C.qualified使具有资格；D.protected保护。beacknowledgedas为固定短语，含义为：被认为是……，根据下文“placestofocusattentiononthegrowingglobalfoodwasteproblem(关注日益严重的全球食物浪费问题的地方)”可知，RefettorioAmbrosianos被认为是关注日益严重的全球食物浪费问题的地方，故选B项。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：RefettorioAmbrosiano是一个希望战胜食物浪费危机的运动。A.defend防御；B.blame责怪；C.strengthen加强；D.defeat战胜。根据上文“movement(运动)”以及下文“foodwastecrisis(食物浪费危机)”，分析待选项，“defeat(战胜)”表达的含义符合语境，故选D项。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一根老胡萝卜、一块硬面包、棕色香蕉……它们正好是我们创造非凡事物的机会。A.vivid生动的；B.remarkable非凡的；C.amusing有趣的；D.optimistic乐观的。根据上文“RefettorioAmbrosianoisamovementhopingtodefeatfoodwastecrisis(RefettorioAmbrosiano是一个希望战胜食物浪费危机的运动)”可知，此处上下文说的是RefettorioAmbrosiano利用商店剩余物，希望战胜食物浪费危机，这是一件非凡的事，故选B项。第Ⅱ卷注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第二节(10个小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Kidswanttohaveadventuresinparks,withfeatureslikeflyingfoxes,treesforclimbing,andswingsontheirwishlists,newresearchhasfound.Teens____56____(prefer)placestohangoutwithfriendslikesportscourts,whileolderadultsenjoyedmorepeaceful____57____(surround)withwalkingpaths,andshadytrees.AssociateProfessorJennyfoundthatwhilechildren,teensandolderadultsalllookedfordifferentfeaturesin parks,well-designedurbanspacesappealed____58____allagegroups.“COVID-19remindsusofthecriticalroleparksplayinourcommunity,”shesaid.“Formanypeopleduringlockdown,visiting____59____nearbyparkhasbeenoneofthehighlightsoftheday.Theyareafreespace____60____iseasytoaccessandcanhavenumerousbenefitsonhealthandwell-being.”Apreviousparkrefurbishmentstudyshoweditcost58cents____61____(entire)togainanadditionalhourofexerciseperperson,”Veitchsaid.“Sofar,alotofmoney____62____(raise)bymanycouncilstospendonparks.____63____theproblemisthatthemoneymustbetherightexpensetoachievetheattractiveparkswantedbythepublic.Otherwise,wearewasting____64____(value)spaceandfunds.”Veitchsaidthat_____65_____(create)activeenvironmentsthatpromotephysicalactivitywasaglobalpriority,giventhattheinternationaltrendincrowdedurbanlivingandrisingobesitylevels.【答案】56.preferred57.surroundings58.to59.a60.which##that61.entirely62.hasbeenraised63.But64.valuable65.creating【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了专家发现，虽然儿童、青少年和老年人都在公园里寻找不同的特色，但精心设计的城市空间对所有年龄段的人都有吸引力。【56题详解】考查时态。句意：青少年喜欢和朋友一起出去玩的地方，比如运动场，而老年人喜欢更安静的环境，有人行道和树荫。根据后文并列句谓语enjoyed可知，谓语动词prefer为一般过去时。故填preferred。【57题详解】考查名词。句意：青少年喜欢和朋友一起出去玩的地方，比如运动场，而老年人喜欢更安静的环境，有人行道和树荫。作宾语，表示“环境”应用名词surroundings。故填surroundings。【58题详解】考查介词。句意：珍妮副教授发现，虽然儿童、青少年和老年人都在公园里寻找不同的特色，但精心设计的城市空间对所有年龄段的人都有吸引力。短语appealto表示“吸引……”。故填to。【59题详解】 考查冠词。句意：对封锁期间的许多人来说，参观附近的公园是一天中最重要的事情之一。park为可数名词，此处为泛指且nearby是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。【60题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们是一个自由的空间，很容易进入，对健康和福祉有很多好处。限制性定语从句修饰先行词space，先行词指物，关系词在从句作主语，故用which或that引导。故填which/that。【61题详解】考查副词。句意：之前的一项公园翻新研究表明，每人额外增加一小时的运动时间总共花费58美分。修饰动词cost应用副词entirely，作状语。故填entirely。【62题详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，许多地方议会已经筹集了大量资金用于公园建设。主语alotofmoney与谓语动词raise构成被动关系，根据sofar可知为现在完成时的被动语态，主语不可数，助动词用has。故填hasbeenraised。【63题详解】考查连词。句意：但问题是，这笔钱必须是正确的支出，以实现公众想要的有吸引力的公园。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but，句首单词首字母要大写。故填But。【64题详解】考查形容词。句意：否则，我们就是在浪费宝贵的空间和资金。修饰名词spaceandfunds应用形容词valuable，作定语。故填valuable。【65题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：维奇说，鉴于城市生活拥挤和肥胖水平上升的国际趋势，创造促进体育锻炼的活跃环境是全球的当务之急。作从句的主语，应用动名词形式。故填creating。第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)66.假如你是李华，上周你校举办了“ScienceLightsUptheFuture”为主题的科技创新大赛(theScienceandTechnologyInnovationContest)。请你为校报写一篇英文报道，内容包括：1.比赛目的；2.比赛内容；3.活动感想。注意：1.词数80词左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:ScienceLightsUptheFutureLastweekwitnessedtheScienceandTechnologyInnovationContestofourschoolwiththethemeof“ScienceLightsUptheFuture”.Toenrichstudents’knowledgeofmodernscienceandtechnologyaswellasinspireuswithscientificinnovationinthis“smarter”world,ourschoolheldavarietyofexhibitionsandlectures,whichwerebothinformativeandinspiring.Thereweremanyhand-onscientificdesignsandinventionsaswell,amongwhichthemostpopularoneswererocketsand3Dprinting.Thecontestwasprovedhugelyrewarding,broadeningourhorizons,promotingourcreativityandcultivatingourinnovation.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇英文报道，要求考生以李华的身份对上周你校举办了“ScienceLightsUptheFuture”为主题的科技创新大赛(theScienceandTechnologyInnovationContest)进行报道。【详解】1.词汇积累举行：hold→stage许多：many→plentyof流行的：popular→widespread证明是：beprovedtobe→turnouttobe2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Thecontestwasprovedhugelyrewarding,broadeningourhorizons,promotingourcreativityandcultivatingourinnovation.拓展句：Thecontestwassorewardingthatitcanbroadenourhorizons,promoteourcreativityandcultivateourinnovation.【点睛】【高分句型1】Toenrichstudents’knowledgeofmodernscienceandtechnologyaswellasinspireuswithscientificinnovationinthis“smarter”world,ourschoolheldavarietyofexhibitionsandlectures,whichwere bothinformativeandinspiring.(运用了动词不定式作目的状语，which引导非限制性定语从句)【高分句型2】Thereweremanyhand-onscientificdesignsandinventionsaswell,amongwhichthemostpopularoneswererocketsand3Dprinting.（运用了“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句）第二节：读后续写(满分25分)67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Dad,areyousuretherewillbeabarofchocolate?”Iasked,liningupwithDadandUncleJohnnearthebackofmanyrunnersinLosAngeles.Myfirstmarathon.Itwaspouringrain,mylegswerecold,andIwaswishingIhadn’tbeentoonervoustoeatabiggerbreakfast.“Thereweretablesofchocolatebarseverymileatmylastmarathon,”Dadsaid.Suddenlyeveryonearoundusstartedmoving.WayupaheadIsawsmokefromthecannon(手枪).Ourmarathonstarted.“Yougoonahead,”Dadsaid,panting.“I’llseeyouattheend.”UncleJohnandIzigzaggedthroughtherunners.SoonDadwaswaybehind.Wereachedmile5,butIstillhadn’tseenachocolatebaranywhere.Instead,thestreetswerelinedwithfast-foodplaces.IsmelledthefoodasIran—doughnuts,hamburgers,fries.Bymile8,Iwasstarving.HowIwishedI’deatensixpiecesoftoast,eggs,bacon,...Itwasrainingsohard.Myhandsstungfromthecold.Onthebalconiespeopleyelledandwavedtous.Atmile10,Itookapowergel(能量胶)outofmypocketandtriedtoopenit,butmyhandsweresocoldasiftheyhadbeenfrozenintofists.WhenIroundedthecorner,Isawmyauntandmylittlebrothercheeringforus.Iwantedtostopandtalk,butIcouldn’tgetoutoftheflowofrunners.Theroadaheadwasyellow.Thousandsofbananaskinseverywhere.Foodatlast!Igrabbedabananaandwolfeditdown.Mile15.Ilookeddownatmyfeetandwatchedthemrunacrossthestars.Thereweretablesfullofpowergels.Itookoneandtoreitopen.Myhandshadcomeunfrozen.Isqueezedthepacketandfilledmymouthwithsweetstuff.Chocolatewouldtastebetter.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Paragraph1:MylegsachedandIdidn’twanttorunanotherinch.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:Iwasrunningatfullspeed,andthecrowdwasyellingjustforme.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Paragraph1:MylegsachedandIdidn’twanttorunanotherinch.Thethoughtofgivingupandhavingabathmountedinsideme.Finallyhungercoupledwiththefiercerainsucceededinpersuadingme!ItoldUncleJohntogoonaheadandwalkedintothebathroom.WhenIcameout,Idraggedmylegstowardsthefinishline.Alongtheway,olderpeopleranpastme,andyelled,“Don’tgiveup.”which,hardenedmyheart.Icouldn’thelpthinking,iftheycoulddoit,socouldI.Afterastruggleinmyheart,Idecidedtospeedup.Paragraph2:Iwasrunningatfullspeed,andthecrowdwasyellingjustforme.Withaglowrekindledinmymind,Ioutrantherunnersinsight.Mile25.Soakedwithsweat,IwasonthelastlongstretchandIcouldhearthecrowdatthefinishline.Ihurriedmysteps,andupaheadthousandsofpeoplelinedthestreet.WhenIcrossedthatfinishline,Ifeltlikeawinner.Afewminuteslater,uncleJohnandIsatwithterminalblanketsaroundus.WewerestillwaitingforDad.Iwasfinallyeatingachocolatebar.AnditwasthebestoneIhadevertasted.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和父亲参加马拉松比赛，半道上作者饿了，一度想要放弃。在一个年长的人的鼓励下，作者最后还是完成了比赛，终于吃到了巧克力棒。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我的腿疼，一英寸也不想跑了”可知，第一段可描写作者想要放弃的心理活动以及他人的鼓励②由第二段首句内容“我全速奔跑，人群冲着我大喊大叫”可知，第二段可描写作者完成比赛，吃到了巧克力棒。2.续写线索：想要放弃——受到鼓励——继续比赛——完成比赛——吃到巧克力棒 3.词汇激活行为类放弃：giveup/quit决定：decidetodo/bedeterminedtodo最后：finally/atlast想要：feellike/want情绪类最好的：best/greatest【点睛】[高分句型1]WhenIcameout,Idraggedmylegstowardsthefinishline.(运用了when引导时间状语从句)[高分句型2]Withaglowrekindledinmymind,Ioutrantherunnersinsight.(运用了with的复合结构)