上海市同济大学第一附属中学2021-2022学年高二英语下学期线上期中测试试题（Word版附解析）

同济大学第一附属中学2021-2022学年第二学期期中考试I.GrammarandVocabulary(45分)SectionA(15分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword:fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.HaveyoueverseenanoldmoviecalledThreeCoinsintheFountain?ItisaboutthreeyoungAmericanwomen____1____(search)forpermanentromanceinRomeandtheyallfindit.Far-fetchedHollywood?Well,fromtheworldhistorypointofview,romancedid,infact,setdownitsrootsinRome.ThewordromanceevolvedinLatinfromRomatoRomanicusoftheRomanlanguage,totheOldFrenchromanzescrive,____2____means“towriteinaRomancelanguage,”andontotheEnglishromance.TheRomancelanguages____3____(compose)ofsevengroupsoflanguagesthatallhaveLatin____4____theirbasis.TheselanguagesincludeFrench.Italian,SpanishandPortuguese.ThecommonpeopleinancientRomespoke____5____isreferredtoasVulgarLatin,aninformalspeech,asopposedtotheclassicalLatinofthemoreeducated.MostlanguageexpertsagreethatVulgarLatinisthechiefsourceoftheRomancelanguages.MedievalRomancesweretales____6____(write)primaryinFrenchverseaboutbraveheroes.Thenotionofhavingaromancewithanotherpersonisthought____7____(develop)sometimeduringtheMiddleAges.Inthelate18thcenturyandonthroughthe19th,aromancewasnotalovestory____8____aworkofprosefictionthatcontainedfar-fetched,mysteriousevents.Romancesofthisperiod____9____(include)EnglishGothicnovelslikeTheCastleofOtrantobyHoraceWalpole.Whatexactlyisatwentieth-centuryromance?Doesithaveanyrelationshipwiththelively,popularnovelswrittentoday,withtheirfantasticplotsofloveaffairs?OrdidtheplaywrightOscarWildehaveitrightinThePictureofDorianGray:“Whenoneisinlove,onealwaysbeginsbydeceiving(欺骗)____10____andonealwaysendsbydeceivingOtho’s.Thatiswhattheworldcallsaromance.”【答案】1.searching 2.which3.arecomposed4.as5.what6.written7.tohavedeveloped8.but9.included10.oneself##himself【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是浪漫的起源。【1题详解】考查现在分词。句意：它讲述了三个年轻的美国女人在罗马寻找永恒的爱情，她们都找到了。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语形式，women和search是主谓关系，空格处用现在分词表主动，故填searching。【2题详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：罗曼史一词在拉丁语中从罗马语演变到罗马语中的Romanicus，再到古法语的romanzescrive，意思是“用罗曼语写作”，然后再到英语罗曼史。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词theOldFrenchromanzescrive是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。【3题详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。句意：罗曼语由七种以拉丁语为基础的语言组成。句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，becomposedof是固定短语，意为“由......组成”，主语languages是复数，因此空格处是arecomposed，故填arecomposed。【4题详解】考查介词。句意：罗曼语由七种以拉丁语为基础的语言组成。have...asthebasis是固定短语，意为“由……为基础”，因此空格处是介词as，故填as。【5题详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：古罗马平民讲的是通俗拉丁语，是一种非正式的语言，与受过良好教育的人讲的古典拉丁语相反。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代语言，因此引导词用what，故填what。【6题详解】考查过去分词。句意：中世纪传奇小说主要是用法国诗歌写的关于勇敢英雄的故事。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是were，空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，tales和write之间为被动关 系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填written。【7题详解】考查不定式。句意：与另一个人发生浪漫关系的概念被认为是在中世纪的某个时候发展起来的。sb./sth.bethoughttodo是固定短语，意为“某人/某物被认为要做某事”，因此空格处是不定式，概念已经发展完了，因此空格处用不定式的完成式，即tohavedone，故填tohavedeveloped。【8题详解】考查连词。句意：在18世纪末一直到19世纪，浪漫不是爱情故事，而是包含牵强、神秘事件的散文式小说。根据语境可知，句子意为“浪漫不是爱情故事，而是包含牵强、神秘事件的散文式小说”，not...but...是固定短语，意为“不是......而是......”，故填but。【9题详解】考查时态。句意：这一时期的浪漫小说包括英国哥特式小说，如贺拉斯·沃波尔的《奥特朗托城堡》。句子描述过去的动作，因此时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式included，故填included。【10题详解】考查反身代词。句意：当一个人恋爱时，他总是以欺骗自己开始，以欺骗奥索结束。根据语境可知，句子表示“当一个人恋爱时，他总是以欺骗自己开始”，因此空格处是“某人自己或他自己”，即oneself/himself，故填oneself/himself。SectionB(30分)(A)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.destructiveB.relativesC.expertsD.contributeE.particularlyF.fearfulG.gentlyH.assistI.respondJ.speciesK.equivalentCats:HumanCompanionsCatshaveareputationforbeingcolderandlesscuddly(令人想拥抱的)thantheircounterparts---dogs.CatsmaynotbeabletospeakEnglishbuttheydohavemanyotherwaysinwhichtheycaninteractwithpeople.Infact,catsareanimalswhichcansolveproblemsjustlikeanyotherhighlydeveloped___11___.Theyformcloserelationshipswiththeirownersandprovideasenseof companionship,___12___forwomen.Infact,thefindingsofoneAustrianstudyshowthatowningacatistheemotional___13___ofbeinginaromanticrelationship.Somepeoplefeelsillytalkingtotheirpets,since,ofcourse,theycan’t___14___.Butinteractingwithyourfeline(猫科的)companionhasprovenhealthbenefits.Notonlydoestalkingtoyourcatimproveyourbond,butit’salsosaidtobebeneficialforyourmentalhealthbyhelpingimproveyourmood,reducestress,andfightagainstloneliness.Catsare___15___atsleeping,soit’sperhapsnosurprisethattheycanhelpimproveyoursleep,too.AMayoClinicstudyfoundthatpeoplewhosleptwiththeirpetsinthesameroomwerealmosttwiceaslikelytogetagoodnight’srest,withonly20percentsayingtheyfoundtheirpets’presence___16___.Catsmaynotbeabletohelpwiththehousekeeping,buttheycan___17___inkeepingyourhousefreeofmice.Itturnsoutthere’ssometruthbehindthecartooncat-and-mousechase.Whenmicesmellcertainproteinsincatsaliva(唾液),theybecome___18___andthereforeavoidthearea.It’simportantforchildrentolearntocareforandlookafteralivingthing,justastheirparentstakecareofthem.Catscanhelpchildrendevelopsocialskillsastheylearntoapproachthefeline___19___.Lookingafteracatalsoencouragesasenseofresponsibility.Inadditiontofillingyourheartwithlove,catscan___20___tokeepingyourhearthealthy.Numerousstudieshaveshownthatowningacatcanhelpreducebloodpressureandheartrate,lowertriglycerideandcholesterollevels,andtherebyreducetheriskofhavingaheartattackorstroke.【答案】11.J12.E13.K14.I15.C16.A17.H18.F19.G20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了养猫给我们带来的一些好处。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：事实上，猫和其他高度发达的物种一样，是能够解决问题的动物。空处应用名词species做介词like的宾语，意为“物种”，且名词species单复数同形，故选J。【12题详解】 考查副词。句意：它们与主人形成亲密的关系，并提供陪伴感，尤其是对女性而言。此处应用副词作状语，意为“尤其；特别”，应用副词particularly，故选E。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：事实上，奥地利的一项研究结果表明，养猫在情感上等同于恋爱。此处应用名词equivalent做表语，意为“对等的人（物）”，且由前面的is可知，应用单数，故选K。【14题详解】考查动词。句意：有些人觉得和他们的宠物说话很傻，当然是因为，它们不能回应我们。此处应用动词respond，意为“回应”，放在情态动词can’t后面，做谓语动词，故选I。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：猫是睡眠方面的专家，所以它们能帮助改善你的睡眠也就不足为奇了。空处应用名词expert做表语，意为“专家”，且由are可知，应用复数，故选C。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：Mayo诊所的一项研究发现，与宠物睡在同一个房间的人，晚上睡个好觉的可能性几乎是其他人的两倍，只有20的人说他们发现宠物的存在是有害的。此处应用形容词destructive做宾语补足语，修饰theirpets’presence，意为“有害的；破坏的”，故选A。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：猫可能不能帮忙做家务，但是它们可以帮助你的房子远离老鼠。assistindoingsth.意为“帮助做某事”，由情态动词can可知，此处应用动词原形assist，故选H。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：当老鼠闻到猫唾液中的某些蛋白质时，它们会感到害怕，因此会避开这个区域。此处应用形容词fearful做表语，意为“害怕的”，故选F。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：猫可以帮助儿童发展社会技能，因为他们会学习轻轻地接近猫。此处应用副词gently修饰动词approach(接近)，意为“轻轻地”，故选G。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：除了让你的心充满爱之外，猫还有助于保持你的心脏健康。contributeto意为“有助于”，to是介词，且由前面的情态动词can可知，此处应用动词原形contribute，故选D。(B)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonly once.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.ambitionB.approachedC.inadequatelyD.occurredE.personallyF.potentialG.publishedH.refresherI.reluctanceJ.struggledK.traditionalThelasthurrahTheturnoftheyearistraditionallythetimeforreviewingone’slife,andperhapsformakingsomeresolutionsastowhattoconcentrateoninthecomingyear;andformanyyearspastIhavetakenadvantageoftheholidayperiodtoreviewmyowngoaland___21___.OnethingIdiddecidetodothisyear,withsome___22___,wastogiveupwritingtheGrumpyOldBookmancolumninthismagazine.It’snotthatI’velostinterestinthebookworld,youunderstand.ButLeonardWoolf,husbandofwriterVirginiaWoolf,usedtosaythatamanshouldchangehiscareereverysevenyears.Though___23___Iwouldsaythatchangingyourwholecareersooftenisgoingabitfar,Ididfind,duringmyownworkinglife,thatitactsasagreat___24___ifyoucanoccasionallytryanewjobwithinthesameorganisationorlineofbusiness.ItisinfactwellovertenyearssinceoureditorwrotetomeandaskedifIwouldbeinterestedinwritingaregularpieceaboutwhatwas,eventhen,arapidlychangingpublishingscene.He___25___mebecausesince2004Ihadbeenwritingaregularblogcalled,amazinglyenough,GrumpyOldBookman.Asmymonthlysurveyofdevelopmentsinboth___26___anddigitalpublishingcontinued,inthismagazine,Ibegantorealisethatwritersinthiscentury,ofbothfictionandnon-fiction,arelivinginsomethingclosetoaparadise.Once,you___27___foryearstofindapublisher—oranagentifyouwantedone—butnowyoucanpublishyourownstuff,eitherdigitallyorinpaperback,withoutitcostingyouapennypiece.Amazing.Afteraboutfiveyearsofproducingsuchcolumns,atjustunderathousandwordsatime,it___28___tomethat,ratherthanlettheseessaysdriftawayontheseasoftime,itmightbeofvalueto___29___readerstopublishmythoughtsandcommentsinbookform.Hence,in2014,I____30____thefirst69GOBcolumnsinpaperbackformat,usingAmazon’sCreatespacefacilities.Title:WritersRejoice!Amonthlydiaryofthedawnofthedigitalage.【答案】21.A22.I23.E24.H 25.B26.K27.J28.D29.F30.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者多年来一直利用假期来审视自己的目标和抱负，今年准备放弃自己的专栏开始把自己想法和评论以书的形式发表出来，让潜在读者受益。【21题详解】考查名词。句意：传统上，新年伊始是回顾人生的时刻，也可能是决定来年要集中精力做些什么的时候；多年来，我一直利用假期来审视自己的目标和抱负。根据上文“reviewmyowngoaland”以及作宾语，表示“抱负”应用名词ambition。故填ambition。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词。句意：今年我决定做的一件事，是不情愿地放弃在这本杂志上写“脾气暴躁的老布克曼”专栏。根据后文“wastogiveupwritingtheGrumpyOldBookmancolumninthismagazine”以及句意“不情愿”可知应填名词reluctance，作宾语。故填reluctance。故选I。【23题详解】考查副词。句意：虽然就我个人而言，频繁地改变你的整个职业生涯有点太过分了，但我确实发现，在我自己的工作生涯中，如果你能偶尔尝试一下同一组织或业务领域的新工作，这是一个很好的复习。根据后文“Iwouldsaythatchangingyourwholecareersooftenisgoingabitfar”以及句意“个人而言”可知应填副词personally，作状语。故填personally。故选E。【24题详解】考查名词。句意：虽然就我个人而言，频繁地改变你的整个职业生涯有点太过分了，但我确实发现，在我自己的工作生涯中，如果你能偶尔尝试一下同一组织或业务领域的新工作，这是一个很好的复习。根据后文“ifyoucanoccasionallytryanewjobwithinthesameorganisationorlineofbusiness”以及句意“复习”可知应填单数名词refresher，作宾语。故填refresher。故选H。【25题详解】考查动词。句意：他找到我是因为，从2004年开始，我一直在定期写一篇博客，令人惊讶的是，它的名字叫GrumpyOldBookman。根据上文“ItisinfactwellovertenyearssinceoureditorwrotetomeandaskedifIwouldbeinterestedinwritingaregularpieceaboutwhatwas,eventhen,arapidlychangingpublishingscene.(事实上，自从我们的编辑写信给我，问我是否有兴趣定期写 一篇关于当时迅速变化的出版业的文章以来，已经过去十多年了)”以及句意“接洽，联系”可知应填动词approach，描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填approached。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词。句意：随着我每月对传统出版和数字出版发展的调查继续进行，在这本杂志上，我开始意识到本世纪的作家，无论是虚构的还是非虚构的，都生活在接近天堂的地方。根据后文“anddigitalpublishing”以及句意“传统”可知应填形容词traditional，故填traditional。故选K。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：曾经，你要努力花上数年时间才能找到出版商——如果你想找，也可以找代理商——但现在你可以出版自己的东西，不管是电子版的还是平装本的，而且不用花一分钱。根据后文“foryearstofindapublisher”以及句意“努力”可知应填动词struggle，作谓语，结合语境可知为一般过去时。故填struggled。故选J。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：五年以来，我一直在写这样的专栏，每次的字数都不到一千字，我突然意识到，与其让这些文章在时间的海洋中随风而去，不如把我的想法和评论以书的形式发表出来，对潜在的读者来说可能会有价值。结合句意表示“突然意识到”可知句型为itoccurredtosb.that…。故填occurred。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词。句意：五年以来，我一直在写这样的专栏，每次的字数都不到一千字，我突然意识到，与其让这些文章在时间的海洋中随风而去，不如把我的想法和评论以书的形式发表出来，对潜在的读者来说可能会有价值。根据后文“readerstopublishmythoughtsandcommentsinbookform”以及句意“潜在的”可知应填形容词potential，作定语。故填potential。故选F。【30题详解】考查动词。句意：因此，在2014年，我使用亚马逊的Create空间设施，以平装本的形式发布了前69篇GOB专栏。根据后文“thefirst69GOBcolumnsinpaperbackformat”以及句意“出版”可知应填动词publish，结合上文in2014可知用一般过去时。故填published。故选G。II.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionA(15分)Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsor phrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Concernsabouttheharmcausedby“toomuch”screentime—particularlywhenitisspentonsocialmedia—arewidespread.Butworkingoutwhata“healthy”___31___mightbeisfarfromeasy.Somenegativeexperiencesonsocialmedia—like___32___howyourappearancecomparestoothers—doaffectsomechildren.However,thisdoesnotmeanthattechnologyusein___33___isharmfulanditisdifficulttomakeclaimsabouthowitwillaffectdifferentpeople.ConsiderthepicturepaintedbyaUNICEFreviewofexistingresearchintotheeffectsofdigitaltechnologyonchildren’s___34___comfort,includinghappiness,mentalhealthandsociallife.Ratherthanstatingthatsocialmediawasharmful,itsuggestedamore___35___effect.TheUNICEFreporthighlighteda2017studythatexamined120,000UK15-year-olds.Amongthoseteenagerswhowerethelightestusers,itwasfoundthatincreasingthetimespentusingtechnologywaslinkedto___36___comfort—possiblybecauseitwasimportantforkeepingupfriendships.___37___,amongtheheaviestusersoftechnology,anyincreaseintimewaslinkedtolowerlevelsofcomfort.Overall,theUNICEFstudysuggestedthatsomescreentimecouldbegoodforchildren’smentalhealth.Abroaderlookatevidenceprovidedbysomeotherhighqualitystudiesagainsuggeststhestoryisnot___38___.Anearlystudyin2013lookedathowthetelevisionandvideogamehabitsof11,000UKfive-year-oldsaffectedthemtwoyearslater.Itisoneoffewstudiesactually___39___theeffectsoftechnologyovertime.Itsuggestedthat,comparedwithchildrenwhowatchedonehouroftelevisionorlessonaweekday,asmallincreaseinconductproblemswasseenamongthosewhowatchedmorethanthreehourseachday.Playingelectronicgames,however,wasnotseenasleadingtoagreater___40___offriendshiporemotionalproblems.Sohowmuchtimeshouldourchildrenspendlookingatscreens?Itisdifficulttobe___41___asdifferentpeoplespendtimeonlineinsuchdifferentways.Ausefulcomparisonmightbewithsugar.Broadlyspeaking,people___42___thattoomuchsugarcanbebadforyourhealth.Buttheeffectitmighthavecandependonmanyfactors,fromthetypeofsugartothepersonandtheamount.Wewouldnot___43___trustanyonewhoclaimstopredicthowsomeoneisaffectedbyconsumingonegramofsugar.Thesamecouldbesaidfor___44___usage:theoutcomesdependonsomanyfactorsthatonlyvery___45___predictionsarepossible. 31.A.amountB.comparisonC.experienceD.medium32.A.accountingforB.boastingofC.commentingonD.worryingabout33.A.generalB.particularC.privateD.public34.A.domesticB.materialC.physicalD.psychological35.A.complexB.dramaticC.harmlessD.predictable36.A.improvedB.maximumC.relativeD.small37.A.AsaruleB.IncontrastC.OnthewholeD.Worsestill38.A.convincingB.definiteC.probableD.true39.A.estimatingB.experiencingC.reducingD.tracing40.A.connectionB.powerC.promotionD.risk41.A.balancedB.independentC.preciseD.subjective42.A.agreeB.forgetC.objectD.remember43.A.equallyB.readilyC.reluctantlyD.weakly44A.emotiontherapyB.socialmediaC.TVbroadcastingD.videogame45.A.confidentB.optimisticC.roughD.wild【答案】31.A32.D33.A34.D35.A36.A37.B38.B39.D40.D41.C42.A43.B44.B45.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社交媒体使用的结果取决于很多因素，所以很难精确地界定一个健康的屏幕时间的量。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间（尤其是在社交媒体上）会造成伤害。但要弄清楚一个“健康”的量是多么的不容易。A.amount数量；B.comparison比较；C.experience经验；D.medium媒介。空前说人们普遍担心“过多”的屏幕时间会造成伤害，再结合下文的研究可知，要弄清楚一个健康的屏幕时间的量很不容易，故A项正确。【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：社交媒体上的一些负面经历，比如担心自己的外貌与别人的比较，确实会影响一些孩子。A.accountingfor导致；B.boastingof吹嘘；C.commentingon评述；D.worryingabout担心。根据空后的“howyourappearancecomparestoothers—doaffectsomechildren.”可知，担心自己的外貌与别人的比较会对一些孩子造成影响，故D项正确。【33题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，这并不意味着（数字）技术的普遍使用是有害的，而且很难断言它如何影响不同的人。A.ingeneral通常、普遍；B.inparticular特别、尤其；C.inprivate私下；D.inpublic当众。根据常识可知，数字技术是现代社会的人们普遍使用的，故A项正确。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想想联合国儿童基金会所描述的关于数字技术对儿童心理安慰的影响的研究，包括幸福、心理健康和社会生活。A.domestic国内的；B.material物质的；C.physical体力的；D.psychological心理的。根据空后的“includinghappiness,mentalhealthandsociallife.”可知此处指“心理安慰”，故D项正确。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它没有说社交媒体有害，而是表明了一种更复杂的影响。A.complex复杂的；B.dramatic引人注目的；C.harmless无害的；D.predictable可预言的。根据下文对其研究发现的介绍可知，联合国儿童基金会的研究表明社交媒体对儿童的影响很复杂，故A项正确。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，在那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年中，增加使用电子产品的时间可能与提高舒适度有关，因为这对维持友谊很重要。A.improved改进的、提高的；B.maximum最大极限的；C.relative相关的；D.small小的。根据空后的“possiblybecauseitwasimportantforkeepingupfriendships.”可知，因为这对维持友谊很重要，所以对那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年来说，增加使用电子产品的时间会提高舒适度，故A项正确。【37题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，在使用科技产品最多的人群中，任何时间的增加都与舒适程度的降低有关。A.Asarule照例；B.Incontrast相比之下、与此相反；C.Onthewhole大体上；D.Worsestill更糟的是。根据语境可知，此处是与那些最不常使用电子产品的青少年的对比，故B项正确。 38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对其他一些高质量研究提供的证据进行更广泛的研究再次表明，这一说法并不能站得住脚。A.convincing令人信服的；B.definite一定的、确切的；C.probable可能的；D.true正确的。根据下文对2013年的一项早期研究结果的介绍可知，空前说的一些屏幕时间可能有利于儿童的心理健康这种说法是站不住脚的，故B项正确。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是为数不多的追踪技术的影响随时间变化的研究之一。A.estimating评估；B.experiencing体验；C.reducing减少；D.tracing追踪。空前说2013年的一项早期研究调查了11000名英国5岁儿童的电视和视频游戏习惯两年后对他们的影响，这说明这项研究追踪了技术的影响随时间变化，故D项正确。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，玩电子游戏并没有被认为会导致更大的友谊或情感问题的风险。A.connection连接；B.power力量；C.promotion提升；D.risk风险。根据空后的“offriendshiporemotionalproblems”可知此处指“友谊或情感问题的风险”，故D项正确。【41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么我们孩子的屏幕时间应该是多少呢？由于不同的孩子在网上花费时间的方式不同，所以很难准确地界定。A.balanced平衡的；B.independent独立的；C.precise明确的、精确的；D.subjective主观的。不同的孩子在网上花费时间的方式不同，所以很难准确地界定孩子健康的屏幕时间的量，故C项正确。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，人们都认为过多的糖对健康有害。A.agree同意；B.forget忘记；C.object反对；D.remember记得。根据空后的“thattoomuchsugarcanbebadforyourhealth”可知，一般来说，人们都会同意过多的糖是对健康有害的，故A项正确。【43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们不会轻易相信那些声称能预测一克糖对人的影响的人。A.equally平等地；B.readily容易地；C.reluctantly勉强；D.weakly无力地。空前说它可能产生的效果取决于从糖的种类到人以及糖的量等许多因素，所以我们不会再轻易相信那些声称能预测一克糖对人的影响的人，故B项正确。【44题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体的使用也是如此：结果取决于如此多的因素，以至于只能粗略地预测。A.emotiontherapy情绪疗法；B.socialmedia社交媒体；C.TVbroadcasting电视广告；D.videogame视频游戏。本文主要讲的就是社交媒体的屏幕时间，故B项正确。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.confident自信的；B.optimistic乐观的；C.rough粗略的；D.wild荒凉的。社交媒体使用的结果取决于很多因素，所以不能精确地说出一个健康的屏幕时间，只能是粗略地预测，故C项正确。【点睛】本篇第8空难度较大，抓住空后介绍的2013年的那项早期研究的结果是关键，根据“Itsuggestedthat,comparedwithchildrenwhowatchedonehouroftelevisionorlessonaweekday,asmallincreaseinconductproblemswasseenamongthosewhowatchedmorethanthreehourseachday.”可知，这项研究表明，与工作日看电视时间不超过一小时的儿童相比，每天看电视时间超过三小时的儿童的行为问题略有增加，这说明上文说的“一些屏幕时间可能有利于儿童的心理健康”这种说法是站不住脚的，故B项definite正确。SectionB（22分）Directions:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Foroveracentury,throwingapieintosomeone’sfacehasbeenacomedyelement,thanksinparttoKeystone.Establishedin1912bydirectorMackSennett,thestudiohadahandinmakingpie-throwingcommon.Thisphenomenoncanbetracedbackbeforetheearliestdaysofpre-1920ssilentfilm.Thefunofseeinganelegantdesserthitanactor,andwatchingthemreactwitheitherangerorconfusion,soonmadeitswaytothescreen.In1913,Sennett’s“Fatty”launchedthefirstsuchmissileinaKeystonefilm.Soon,thestudiobecameknownforpie-throwingtrick,andthehigh-flyingdessertsflewsofreelythatthestudioneededitsownbakerytomakethem.Theanswerturnedouttoberightacrossthestreet.SarahBrenerownedavarietystorethere,butshealsosuppliedthestudiowithitspies.Sometimes,theyweredelicious.CharlieChaplinsaidthatBrener’spieswerethebestintown.Butoften,theyhadtobespeciallymadeforfilms.Aspiefightsinfilmgrewmorecomplicated,Brener’sbakerywassoonmakingnothingelse. Filmmakerspreferredcustard(蛋奶沙司)piesforthrowing.Theywereappropriatelymessyand,likelylesspainfulthanacherrypiewouldbetotheface.Butbythetimethe1920srolledaround,peoplehadgrowntiredofthem.Widespreadpie-throwingfaded,butitdidn’tdiecompletely:Comedicfilmsandanimationalikehavebeenpepperedwithpieingeversince,fromBugsBunnytotheThreeStooges.In2015,apartoffilmhistoryhadbeenre-discovered:“TheBattleoftheCentury”,where3,000piessailedthroughtheair.Itwassupposedtobethepiefighttoendallothers,butin1965thefilm“TheGreatRace”promisedviewers“thegreatestpiefightinhistory.”Thousandsofrealpieswereused.Now,theKeystonebuildingisastoragefacility,andBrener’sbakeryislonggone.Butthestudio’sinfluencelivesoninfilm,intheoccasionalthrowingofapie,andonaplateonthecornerofthemereremainingbuildingthatreads:“Thiswasthebirthplaceofthemotionpicturecomedy.”46.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutpie-throwing?A.By1912ithadbecomesurprisinglycommon.B.Theaudiencewasangryorconfusedwhileseeingit.C.Itstimulatedcitizens’greatdemandforpies.D.Keystonecontributestoitsbeingpartofacomedy.47.Withtheincreasingcomplexityofpiefightinfilm,Brener’sbakery_____.A.changeditssalespolicyB.specializedinmakingpiesC.soldavarietyoffoodbesidespiesD.madeitspiesfamousnationwide48.Severalfilmsarementionedinparagraph5inorderto_____.A.pie-throwingwasnolongerappealingB.morepiesareusedinmodernfilmsthaninsilentonesC.viewersaredissatisfiedwithseeingjustonesceneofpie-throwingD.pie-throwingcanstillbefoundinsomekindoffilms49.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thefuturedevelopmentofcomedicfilms.B.Thehistoryofpie-throwinginfilms.C.ThefascinatingpastofKeystone.D.Thebirthplaceofmotionpicturecomedies.【答案】46.D47.B48.D49.B【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了喜剧电影中扔馅饼的现象可以追溯到20世纪20年代以前的无声电影，以及其发展演变。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Foroveracentury,throwingapieintosomeone’sfacehasbeenacomedyelement,thanksinparttoKeystone.(一个多世纪以来，把馅饼扔到别人脸上一直是一种喜剧元素，这在一定程度上要归功于Keystone)”可知，D选项“Keystone让它成为喜剧的一部分”正确。故选D。【47题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Soon,thestudiobecameknownforpie-throwingtrick,andthehigh-flyingdessertsflewsofreelythatthestudioneededitsownbakerytomakethem.(很快，这家工作室就因投掷馅饼的把戏而闻名，高空飞行的甜点如此自由，以至于工作室需要自己的面包店来制作它们)”可知，随着电影中馅饼大战的日益复杂，布伦纳的面包店专门制作馅饼。故选B。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Widespreadpie-throwingfaded,butitdidn’tdiecompletely:Comedicfilmsandanimationalikehavebeenpepperedwithpieingeversince,fromBugsBunnytotheThreeStooges.In2015,apartoffilmhistoryhadbeenre-discovered:“TheBattleoftheCentury”,where3,000piessailedthroughtheair.Itwassupposedtobethepiefighttoendallothers,butin1965thefilm“TheGreatRace”promisedviewers“thegreatestpiefightinhistory.”Thousandsofrealpieswereused.(大范围的扔馅饼行为已经消失了，但它并没有完全消失：从那以后，从《兔八哥》到《活宝三人组》，喜剧电影和动画电影中都有撒满馅饼的场景。2015年，电影史的一部分被重新发现：“世纪之战”，3000个馅饼在空中飞行。它本应是终结其他一切的馅饼大战，但1965年的电影《大竞赛》向观众承诺，这将是“历史上最伟大的馅饼大战”。他们用了数千个真正的派)”可推知，在第5段中提到了几部电影，是为了说明在某些类型的电影中仍然可以找到扔馅饼的现象。故选D。【49题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Foroveracentury,throwingapieintosomeone’sfacehasbeenacomedyelement,thanksinparttoKeystone.Establishedin1912bydirectorMackSennett,thestudiohadahandinmakingpie-throwingcommon.(一个多世纪以来，把馅饼扔到别人脸上一直是一种喜剧元素，这在一定程度上要归功于Keystone。该工作室于1912年由导演MackSennett 创立，参与制作了投掷馅饼的活动)”结合文章主要讲述了喜剧电影中扔馅饼的现象可以追溯到20世纪20年代以前的无声电影，以及其发展演变。可知，这篇文章主要讲了电影中扔馅饼的历史。故选B。(B)Newtechnologymeansthatwenolongerhavetowaitforanything.Therefore,youwouldexpectwaitingroomstobefilledwithalotofpeoplecomplaining.However,anewspapersurveysuggeststhatpeopleregardthesespacesasaplaceofrefuge,awindowintheirtightlyscheduledlives.Herearesomeofthestoriesthatpeopletold.AEllaDoroudy,subwaystation.Friday5p.m.We’vebeenatthebeachallday,andnowwe’reonourwayhome.Wedon’thavetowaitverylong,becausewecheckedtheschedulesowegotherewithabout15minutestospare.Ijusthangoutandchatwithmyfriendsuntilthetraincomes.Waitingwithotherpeopleiseasierbecauseit’seasiertokilltimewhenyouhavesomeonetotalkto.BCarolineLacey,dentist’soffice.Tuesday3p.m.Idon’treallygetnervousaboutavisittothedentist,butsincethesetwofillingscameoutI’vebeeningreatpain.Theofficeisbrightandcheerful,soit’sprettycalming.Iusuallypassthetimebybrowsingthroughmagazines.I’vebeencomingtothedentistonlywhenIneedto,butI’mgoingtohavetostartcomingregularly.CRenataOliveira,modelcasting.Tuesday2p.m.Iwasalittlebitlatetoday,whichendedupbeingOKbecausesomeofthesegirlshavebeenwaitingforhours.Youcan’thelpbutlookaroundateveryoneelse—youlookattheothergirlsandthink:“Iwonderifthey’lllikeherbetterthantheylikeme.”WhileI’mwaiting,I’mthinking:“Oh,comeon.Idon’thaveallday!”DPaulThomas,hospital,waitingroom.Wednesday2p.m.IfeelprettyallrightwhileI’mwaitinghere,tobehonest.It’ssomethingI’vebeendoingsincemymotorcycleaccidentsevenyearsago.I’vehadabout32operationssofar.ThistimeI’mhereforonemoreinmyfoot.It’snousecominginthinkingyou’regoingtoescapeinfiveminutes,soIjustsitbackandpeoplewatch.50.Whatarethefourpeopletalkingabout?A.Howtheyliketowait.B.Whytheyhatewaiting. C.Unhappyexperienceofwaiting.D.Differentreasonsforwaitinglong.51.Whichofthefollowingpeoplekillthewaitingtimebytalkingwithothers?A.EllaDoroudy.B.CarolineLacey.C.RenataOliveira.D.PaulThomas.52.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.EllaDoroudywaitedatthesubwaystationformorethanhalfanhour.B.CarolineLaceydoesn’tthinkthedentist’sofficeisrelaxingenough.C.RenataOliveriafailedinthemodelcompetitionbecauseshewaslate.D.PaulThomashasgotaccustomedtowaitinginthewaitingroom.【答案】50.A51.A52.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，你会认为等候室里会挤满很多抱怨的人，但实际上有些人把等候室视为避难所。50题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中“Therefore,youwouldexpectwaitingroomstobefilledwithalotofpeoplecomplaining.However,anewspapersurveysuggeststhatpeopleregardthesespacesasaplaceofrefuge,awindowintheirtightlyscheduledlives.Herearesomeofthestoriesthatpeopletold.(因此，你会认为等候室里会挤满很多抱怨的人。然而，一份报纸的调查显示，人们把这些等候室视为避难所，是他们安排严密的生活中的一扇窗户。下面是人们讲的一些故事)”和下面四个关于在等候室等待的故事可知，文章主要谈论，有些人把等候室视为避难所，喜欢等待。故选A项。【51题详解】细节理解题。由AEllaDoroudy中的“Ijusthangoutandchatwithmyfriendsuntilthetraincomes.Waitingwithotherpeopleiseasierbecauseit’seasiertokilltimewhenyouhavesomeonetotalkto.(我只是出去和朋友聊天，直到火车来。与其他人一起等待更容易，因为当你有人交谈时，消磨时间更容易)”可知，EllaDoroudy通过与他人交谈来打发等待时间。故选A项。【52题详解】细节理解题。由DPaulThomas中的“IfeelprettyallrightwhileI’mwaitinghere,tobehonest.It’ssomethingI’vebeendoingsincemymotorcycleaccidentsevenyearsago.I’vehadabout32operationssofar.( 老实说，我在这里等的时候感觉很好。自从七年前发生摩托车事故以来，我一直在做这件事。到目前为止，我已经做了大约32次手术)”可知，PaulThomas已经做了大约32次手术，换句话说他在等候室呆过32次，而且他觉得等待的感觉很好，“PaulThomas已经习惯了在候诊室等候”正确。故选D项。(C)Sinceitsfoundingin1923,YellowCorporationhasbeenaleaderinthetransportationindustry,usingtruckstotransportgoodsbetweenpointsinCanada,theUnitedStates,andMexico.Fordecades,Yellowachievedsuccessbyconcentratingvirtuallyallofitsattentiononincreasingefficiencyateveryturn.Yellowhaslongbeenamasteratensuringthattrucksarefullbeforetheyhaveawarehouse,andithasalsodevelopedpreciselytimedeliveryschedules.Unfortunately,Yelloweventuallyfellvictimtoitsownsuccess.Asoperationalefficiencyincreased,customerservicereceivedlessandlessattention,andbeforelong,newerandmoreresponsivecompaniesweretakingawaythefirm’scustomers.Accompanyingthisproblemwasthefactthatthecustomersmostlikelytoseekamoreservice-orientedtransportationproviderwerealsotheoneswillingtopayhighpricesfortheextraservice.Asaresult,Yellow’sfinancialperformancebegantodecline,slowlyatfirst,butthenmoredramatically.Naturally,thedeclineinprofitledtoevenworseacross-the-boardservice.TohelpturnYellowaround,theboardofdirectorsofferedBillZollarsthepositionofCEO.Alreadyahighlyrespectedmanager,Zollarswasattractedbytheopportunitytorevitalizethecarrier.ZollarsquicklylearnedthatorganizationalchangeatYellowwouldhavetobefundamental.Overaperiodofdecades,peoplethroughoutthecompanywereoftenwillingtodoonlytheminimalamountnecessarytogettheirjobsdone.Zollarsknewthathehadtoaltertheattitudes,behavior,andperformanceof30,000employees.Hebeganbyimprovingcommunication.TheCEOspent18monthstravelingtoseveralhundredlocations,andateachsite,hetalkedface-to-facewithcustomersandwithemployeesatalllevels.Heaskedforopinionsandprovidedhisownmessage---namely,thatenhancedcustomerservicewastobecomethefirm’snewfocus.Zollars’splanconsistedofmorethanpromisesandmotivationalspeeches.Whilepreviousleadersoftendidn’tfocusonproblemsandrefusedtorevealinformationaboutthefirm’sperformance,Zollarsopenlyacknowledgedthecompany’sdefectrate---thepercentageofshipmentsthatwerelate,wrong,ordamaged.Employeeswereshockedtofindthattheratewas40percent,butthatknowledgewasnecessarytoenhancemotivationandsetabenchmarkforimprovement.Zollars alsoinstitutedthecompany’sfirstongoingprogramforsurveyingcustomersatisfaction,andtheresultswerereportedopenlythroughoutthecompany.Zollarsmadearealefforttolistentoemployees,gavethemauthoritytomakedecisions,anddevelopedanenviablereputationforhonestyandcommitment.“Ifpeopledoingtheworkdon’tbelievewhat’scomingfromtheleadership,”saysZollars,“itdoesn’tgetimplemented.”53.WhatcausedYellowCorporation’sfinancialperformancetodecline?A.Therewassuddenlysomedifficultyfindingenoughwarehouses.B.Fewercustomerswerewillingtopayhighpricesforextraservices.C.Moretransportationprovidersemergedwiththemarketexpanding.D.Itputmoreemphasisonoperationalefficiencythanoncustomerservice.54.WhatdidZollarsdotofacilitatethefundamentalchangesinYellowCorporation?A.Hecommunicatedwithcustomersinperson.B.Heemployedsomehighlyrespectedmanagers.C.Hereevaluatedalltheemployee’sperformance.D.Heestimatedtheminimalamountofjobeachshoulddo.55.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatitwas______thatcontributedtothesuccessofZollars’splan.A.theprecisecalculationofthecompany’sdefectrateB.theongoingsurveyoftheemployers’satisfactionC.theimprovementoftheleadership’sconfidenceD.therevelationofinformationtotheemployees56.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheCEOsofYellowCorporationB.TheFutureatYellowCorporationC.TheSuccessofYellowCorporationD.TheTurnaroundatYellowCorporation【答案】53.D54.A55.D56.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章先是阐述了YellowCorporation从盛到衰的原因，之后介绍公司CEO，BillZollars如何去扭转颓势。 【53题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Fordecades,Yellowachievedsuccessbyconcentratingvirtuallyallofitsattentiononincreasingefficiencyateveryturn.(几十年来，Yellow通过将几乎所有的注意力集中在提高每一个环节的效率上而取得了成功。)”以及第二段中“Asoperationalefficiencyincreased,customerservicereceivedlessandlessattention,andbeforelong,newerandmoreresponsivecompaniesweretakingawaythefirm’scustomers.Accompanyingthisproblemwasthefactthatthecustomersmostlikelytoseekamoreservice-orientedtransportationproviderwerealsotheoneswillingtopayhighpricesfortheextraservice.Asaresult,Yellow’sfinancialperformancebegantodecline,slowlyatfirst,butthenmoredramatically.(随着运营效率的提高，客户服务受到的关注越来越少，不久之后，更新和响应能力更强的公司开始抢走公司的客户。伴随这一问题的是，最有可能寻求更具服务导向的运输供应商的客户也是愿意为额外服务支付高价的客户。结果，Yellow的财务业绩开始下降，起初缓慢，但后来更为显著。)”可知，导致Yellow财务业绩下降的原因是因为专注效率而忽视客户服务。故选D项。【54题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Hebeganbyimprovingcommunication.TheCEOspent18monthstravelingtoseveralhundredlocations,andateachsite,hetalkedface-to-facewithcustomersandwithemployeesatalllevels.(他从改善沟通开始。这位首席执行官花了18个月的时间前往数百个地点，在每个地点，他都与客户和各级员工面对面交谈。)”可知，Zollars通过沟通来促进YellowCorporation的根本变革。故选A项。【55题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Whilepreviousleadersoftendidn’tfocusonproblemsandrefusedtorevealinformationaboutthefirm’sperformance,Zollarsopenlyacknowledgedthecompany’sdefectrate---thepercentageofshipmentsthatwerelate,wrong,ordamaged.Employeeswereshockedtofindthattheratewas40percent,butthatknowledgewasnecessarytoenhancemotivationandsetabenchmarkforimprovement.(尽管前任领导往往不关注问题，拒绝透露有关公司业绩的信息，但佐拉尔斯公开承认公司的缺陷率——延迟、错误或损坏的发货百分比。员工们震惊地发现，这一比例为40%，但这些知识对于增强动机和设定改进基准是必要的。)”可知，Zollars通过向员工披露相关信息来推进自己的计划。故选D项【56题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，再根据文章第三段中“TohelpturnYellowaround,theboardofdirectors offeredBillZollarsthepositionofCEO.(为了扭转颓势，董事会向比尔·佐拉尔斯提供了首席执行官的职位)”以及最后一段中“Zollars’splanconsistedofmorethanpromisesandmotivationalspeeches.(佐拉尔斯的计划不仅仅包括承诺和激励性演讲。)”可推知，本文主要讲述了Yellow公司为了扭转颓势做出的改变。故选D项。SectionC(8分)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.ASchoolyardGardenHaveyouevereatensomethingthatyougrewinyourowngarden?Manypeoplehavenothadthepleasureofthisexperience.AliceWaters,theownerofChezPanisseRestaurant,setouttochangeallthatforaspecialgroupofstudentsatMartinLutherKingJuniorMiddleSchoolinBerkeley,California.Watersworkedwiththeschool’sprincipal,NeilSmith,tocreateacookingandgardeningprogramattheschool.___57___.Shealsobelievesthatthereisastrongrelationshipbetweenfood,health,andtheenvironment.Hergoalatthemiddleschoolwastoshowchildrenthepleasureingardeningandinpreparingthefoodsthattheycultivated.Shewantedtoteachthemthatahealthybodyandahealthyenvironmentgohandinhand.TheprojectthatWatersbegantookalotoftimeandpatience.___58___.Atthesametime,renovationwasbeguntoturnanold,unusedcafeteriaintoakitchenwherestudentscouldpreparefoodsandsharemealswiththeirteachers.Inthe1995-1996schoolyear,thefirstusablecropswereplanted.Theyincludedgreenssuchasarugulaandmustard,aswellaslettuce,carrots,andpotatoes.Thefollowingyearbroughttheadditionofplantssuchasapples,plums,blackcurrants,hazelnuts,figs,raspberries,runnerbeans,andhibiscus.___59___.Studentshavefoundthattheylookforwardtothetimetheyspendinthegardeneachweek.Theyhavelearnedhowtoweed,prune,andharvest.Theyhavelearnedaboutthelifecyclesofvariousplants.Theyalsoknowhowtoenrichthesoilthroughcomposting,aprocessinwhichleftoverscrapsoffruitsandvegetablesareusedasfertilizer.___60___.AliceWatersdreamsthatonedaytherewillbeagardenineveryschoolintheUnitedStates.She hopesthatschoollunchescanbepreparedusingtheproducefromthegardensandotherlocally—grownorganicproduce.A.Shereliedonthehelpofteachers,students,andcommunityvolunteerstoturnaparkinglotintoagarden.B.Watersbelievesintheimportanceofpeopleknowingwheretheirfoodcomesfrom.C.Watersbelievesinpeoplejoiningtheirhandstoteachchildrentobecomebettercitizens.D.Manyhavediscoveredthattheylikefruitsandvegetablesthattheyhadneverbeforebeenwillingtotry.E.However,theyfounditdifficulttodecidewhatcropstoplantinthisgarden.F.Everyyearsincethen,newcropsareaddedandoldcropsareevaluatedtomakesurethattheyarebestsuitedfortheenvironmentandtheneedsoftheschool.【答案】57.B58.A59.F60.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了AliceWaters发起的一项活动——在学校花园里种植粮食，好让学生们吃到自己种植的粮食，让他们明白健康与环境的关系。【57题详解】由上文“Watersworkedwiththeschool’sprincipal,NeilSmith,tocreateacookingandgardeningprogramattheschool.(Waters与学校校长尼尔·史密斯合作，在学校创建了一个烹饪和园艺项目)”和下文“Shealsobelievesthatthereisastrongrelationshipbetweenfood,health,andtheenvironment.(她还相信，食物、健康和环境之间有着密切的关系)”可知，该空承接上下文讲Waters创建烹饪和园艺项目的想法来源，B选项中的“Watersbelieves”呼应下文中的“Shealsobelieves”，B选项“Waters相信人们知道食物来自哪里的重要性。”切题。故选B项。【58题详解】由上文“TheprojectthatWatersbegantookalotoftimeandpatience.(Waters开启的项目花费了大量的时间和耐心)”和下文“Atthesametime,renovationwasbeguntoturnanold,unusedcafeteriaintoakitchenwherestudentscouldpreparefoodsandsharemealswiththeirteachers.(与此同时，学校开始进行翻修，将一个旧的、闲置的自助餐厅改造成一个厨房，学生们可以在这里准备食物，并与老师共享午餐)”可知，本段主要讲Waters为烹饪和园艺项目所做的努力，这些努力还包括诸如学校人员投入的努力，承接上下文，A选项“她依靠老师、学生和社区志愿者的帮助，把停车场变成了花园。”切题。故选A项。 【59题详解】由上文“Inthe1995-1996schoolyear,thefirstusablecropswereplanted.Theyincludedgreenssuchasarugulaandmustard,aswellaslettuce,carrots,andpotatoes.Thefollowingyearbroughttheadditionofplantssuchasapples,plums,blackcurrants,hazelnuts,figs,raspberries,runnerbeans,andhibiscus.(1995-1996学年，种植了第一批可用作物。其中包括绿叶蔬菜，如芝麻菜和芥末，以及莴苣、胡萝卜和土豆。第二年，苹果、李子、黑醋栗、榛子、无花果、覆盆子、扁豆和木槿等植物相继出现)”可知，上文讲烹饪和园艺项目开始种植了，每年都会出现新作物，一开始种植应该是摸索阶段，试着找到最适合学校种植的作物，承接上文，F选项“从那时起，每年都会增加新作物，并对旧作物进行评估，以确保它们最适合学校的环境和需要。”切题。故选F项。【60题详解】由上文“Studentshavefoundthattheylookforwardtothetimetheyspendinthegardeneachweek.Theyhavelearnedhowtoweed,prune,andharvest.Theyhavelearnedaboutthelifecyclesofvariousplants.Theyalsoknowhowtoenrichthesoilthroughcomposting,aprocessinwhichleftoverscrapsoffruitsandvegetablesareusedasfertilizer.(学生们发现，他们期待着每周花在花园里的时间。他们学会了如何除草、修剪和收割。他们已经了解了各种植物的生命周期。他们还知道如何通过堆肥来丰富土壤，这是一种将水果和蔬菜残渣用作肥料的过程)”可知，上文讲烹饪和园艺项目让学生爱上了花园种植，学生对作物种植了解颇多，可得出对自己亲手种植的食物也应该是喜爱不已，承接上文，D选项“许多人发现他们喜欢以前从未尝试过的水果和蔬菜。”表明了学生们喜爱花园种植后所带来的好结果。故选D项。III.SummaryWriting(10分)61.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Itisuniversallytruethatallparentsintheworldlovetheirchildren.However,asparents’viewsoflifevary,theyshowtheirloveindifferentways.Themonarchtypeofparentsareintolerantandself-centered.Theylaydownregulationsinthefamilyfortheirchildrentoobserve.Furthermore,theyinsistthattheirchildrenshouldactuponthemwithoutquestion.Withafrimbeliefintheirownphilosophyoflife,theyhavelittlerespectforothers’opinions,leastofall,theirchildren’s.thesentencetheysaymostfrequentlytotheirchildrenis,“youshoulddothis.” Contrarytothemonarch-typeparents,theservant-typeparentsrevolvearoundtheirchildrenallthetime.Theyaresoft,good-natured,andeasy-going.Theyneverdenytheirchildrenanywish,andcheerfullyruntobuyanythingtheirchildrenaskfor.Theyarehappysolongastheirchildrenarecontent.Withthesincerebeliefthatlovemeanssacrifice,theyarereadytogiveupanythingortheirchildren’ssake.Withtheirchildrenatthecenteroftheirlives,theyalwaysask,“Whatelsecanwedoforyou?”Thefriend-typeparents,asthetermimplies,treattheirchildrenasfriends.Theyaregenerousandwise.Likegoodfriends,theydiscusswiththeirchildrenthelatestnews,sharetheirchildren’sinterests,andlistenattentivelytotheirchildren’sexpressionofemotion,whetheritisanger,fear,joyorsorrow.Theyhaveacloserelationshipwiththeirchildrenwhilestickingtotheirprincipledstand.Theydiscussproblemswiththeirchildrenratherthanprovidereadysolution.Theyrespecttheirchildrenastheirequals.Theyoftensay:“Let’sputoutheadstogetherandseewhatwecando”Thereisodoubtthatchildrenwelcomethethirdtypeofparents,forafree,friendly,andsympatheticatmosphereathomeismostfavorabletothedevelopmentofyoungstersbothinbodyandinmind.Allparentsshouldre-examineandchangesomeoftheirwaysofshowingtheirloveiftheywanttheirchildrentogrowuphappilyandhealthily.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Parentsaregenerallyclassifiedintothreedifferenttypes.Themonarch-typeparentsareself-centeredanddominant,sotheyusuallyforcetheiropinionsonchildren.Theservant-typeparentsarechild-centered,willingtodevoteeverythingtomeetingchildren’sdemandsunconditionally.Thefriend-typeparentsaredemocraticandwise,whoaccompanytheirchildrenthrougheffectivecommunicationandjointwork.Childrenfavorthelasttype.Parentingdiffersdependingonparent’sdifferentviewsoflife.TheMonarch-typeparentsdon’trespecttheirchildrenandforceregulationsuponthem.Theservant-typeparentswillinglysacrificeeverythingtosatisfychildren’sneedsandwishes.Thefriend-typeparents,themostwelcomedtype,aredemocraticandfriendlywhilestickingtotheirprinciples.Allexaminationofparentingis necessaryforchildren’shealthygrowth.【解析】【分析】文章的主要结构为总-分-总。这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了三种类型的父母。符合概要写作常规出题的思路。【详解】第一段讲述父母对生活的看法不同，他们用不同的方式来表达他们的爱，主要有三种类型。可以用到的词汇或句型有：parents,classifyinto,types等。第二段讲述君主式的父母不宽容，以自我为中心。可以用到的词汇或句式有：monarch-type,self-centered,dominant,force等。第三段主要讲奴婢式的父母总是围着孩子转。可以用到的词汇或句式有：servant-type,child-centered,willingto,devote…to,unconditionally等。第四段讲了“朋友型父母”，把孩子当朋友看待。可以用到的词汇或句式有：friend-type,democratic,accompany,effectivecommunication等。第五段概述这三种类型的特点，并提出如果想让孩子健康快乐地成长，所有的父母都应该重新审视并改变他们表达爱的方式。可以用到的词汇或句式有：dependon,sacrifice,stickto,healthy等。IV.Translation(3+3+4+5+5)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.62.正是他对于种族歧视的反抗才改变了历史的进程。(It)(汉译英)【答案】Itis/washisfightagainstracialdiscriminationthatchangedthecourseofhistory.【解析】【详解】考查时态和强调句型。句子可用一般现在时或者一般过去时，fightagainst(反对)，racialdiscrimination(种族歧视)，本句是“Itbe+被强调部分+that+其它”强调句型结构，此处被强调部分是主语hisfightagainstracialdiscrimination(他对于种族歧视的反抗)，changethecourseofhistory(改变历史的进程)用一般过去时，故翻译为：Itis/washisfightagainstracialdiscriminationthatchangedthecourseofhistory.63.没有令人信服的证据表明他应该为病毒的传播负责。(blame)(汉译英)【答案】Thereisnoconvincingevidencethatheistoblameforthespreadofthevirus.【解析】【详解】考查时态、形容词、存在句型和同位语从句。句子描述现在的一般情况，时态用一般现在时，主句用therebe存在句型，修饰形容物的-ing形容词convincing(令人信服的)作定语，修饰名词evidence(证据)，evidence后接只起连接作用的that引导的同位语从句，beto blame(对某事应负责任的)，故翻译为：Thereisnoconvincingevidencethatheistoblameforthespreadofthevirus.64.直到那时我才意识到他就是那个曾经用枪威胁我的人。(Not;threaten)(汉译英)【答案】NotuntilthendidIrealizethathewastheverypersonwhooncethreatenedmewithagun.【解析】【详解】考查动词、状语从句、宾语从句、倒装句、时态和定语从句。表示“直到那时”，应用Notuntil引导状语从句，位于句首用部分倒装。根据所给意思可知，该句是对过去的叙述，因此用一般过去时态。动词“意识到”后面是宾语从句，用that引导，person是先行词，用who引导的定语从句来表达，“用枪威胁我”threatenmewithagun，结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：NotuntilthendidIrealizethathewastheverypersonwhooncethreatenedmewithagun。65.你很难想象他在大热天穿着防护服帮助居民搬运日常必需品的困难。(difficulty)(汉译英)【答案】Youcanhardlyimaginethedifficultyhehas(in)helpingresidentscarrydailynecessitiesinhisprotectivesuitonsuchahotday.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。此处主语为you；表示“很难想象”应用canhardlyimagine；表示“做某事有困难”应用havedifficulty(in)doingsth.；表示“帮助居民搬运日常必需品”翻译为helpresidentscarrydailynecessities；表示“在大热天穿着防护服”翻译为inhisprotectivesuitonsuchahotday。故翻译为Youcanhardlyimaginethedifficultyhehas(in)helpingresidentscarrydailynecessitiesinhisprotectivesuitonsuchahotday.66.这些外观简朴设备齐全的流动医院,是从体育场馆改造而来，用来治疗症状轻微的病人。(which)(汉译英)【答案】Thesesimple-lookingyetwell-equippedmobilehospitals,whichweretransformedfromstadiums,wereusedtotreatpatientswithmildsymptoms.【解析】【详解】考查动词、形容词、名词、定语从句，被动语态、时态和主谓一致。表示“流动”，应用mobile。表示“改造”，应用transform。表示“轻微的”，应用mild。根据所给意思可知，该句是对这些流动医院的过去的叙述，因此用一般过去时态。该句主要要表达的意思是：这些医院用来治疗症状轻微的病人。因此，“是从体育馆改造而来”可用非限制性定语从句来表达，修饰“流动医院”。mobilehospitals和transform之间是被动关系，因此该从句应用被动语态，且主语是复数形式，根据主谓一致原则，谓语部分应为weretransformed 。引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用which引导该从句。主句中，主语hospitals和use之间是被动关系，因此，主句应用被动语态，且根据主谓一致原则，谓语应用wereused。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Thesesimple-lookingyetwell-equippedmobilehospitals,whichweretransformedfromstadiums,wereusedtotreatpatientswithmildsymptoms。