上海师范大学附属中学闵行分校2021-2022学年高一英语下学期期末考试试卷（Word版附解析）

2022学年第二学期上师大附中闵行分校期末考试高一英语试卷（考试时间：120分钟满分：150分）I.ListeningComprehension(30分：1-10各1分;11-20各2分)SectionAShortConversationsDirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Thatshewouldcorrecttheexams.B.Thatherteachingassistantwouldcorrecttheexam.C.Thatshewouldcollecttheexams.D.Thatshewouldnotgiveherstudentsafinalexam.2.A.Adrivingpermit.B.Anewlicense.C.AnewcarD.Anemptyroad.3.A.Hedoesnotunderstandit.B.Hedoesnotlikeit.C.HeisusedtoitD.Hedoesnothavetotakeit.4.A.Putpostersupatdifferentschools.B.Advertisetheconcertontheradio.C.Maketheconcertfreetothepublic.D.Asktheschoolradiostationtoplaymoremusic.5.A.Shewillgoaway.B.Shewillbesorry.C.Shewillnotquitherjob.D.Shewillnotbuyapresent.6.A.Sheshouldbecarefulabouthermoney.B.Sheshouldbuythebrownsuit.C.Sheshouldfindanotherjobtomakemoremoney.D.Sheshouldn’tbuythebrownsuit.7.A.24.B.12.C.18.D.6. 8.A.HeusedtohaveonelikeitB.Hedidn’tthinkitlikedright.CHewouldliketohaveone.D.Hecouldn’trideit.9.A.Poor.B.RathergoodC.Acceptable.D.Excellent.10.A.Atastall.B.Inatrainstation.C.InacafeteriaD.InarestaurantSectionBPassagesandLongerConversationDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedsomequestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Computersareveryusefultoeveryone.B.Computerscontainnoinformationaboutcitizens.C.Computerscanbeusedbydoctors.D.Computershelpfiremeninmanyways.12.A.Becausetheyliveat350,000differentaddresses.B.Becausedoctorscanthustreatinjuredfirefightersquickly.C.Becausetheyneedmedicalexaminations.D.Becausetheycanberemovedfromburningbuildings.13.A.Byhelpingthemprepareforpossibledangers.B.Byansweringcallsforthem.C.BysendinginformationtoCityHall.D.Byputtingoutfiresforthem.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Airtravelexperience.B.Nopowersofconcentration.C.Frequentlong-distanceflying.D.Hisbraininonecountry.15.A.TorestforaweekB.Togotobedonarrival.C.Toavoidtimezones.D.Tohavebreakfastatmidnight. 16.A.Theywaituntilthemeetingisover.B.Theydonotrealizethecorrecttime.C.Theygostraighttoameeting.D.Theyfeelaharmfuleffectontheirhealth.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Becausehewilltakeanexam.B.Becausehewantstocatchabus.C.Becausehewantstotakepartinaparty.D.Becausehehasadata.18.A.None.B.Once.C.Twice.D.Severaltimes.19.A.You’dbetterarriveontime.B.You’dbetterarrivehalfanhourlaterorso.C.You’dbetterarrivehalfanhourearly.D.Itisn’tmentionedintheconversation.20.A.Snacks.B.Fruit.C.Videos.D.Milk.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabulary(30分：各1分)SectionA（A）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Needanapp?AnvithaVijay,9,canbuildit.WiththehelpofYouTubevideos,theyoungtechiefromMelbourne,Australia,learnedtocodeatage7.Soon,shewastryingherhandatmakingapps.“WhenIfirstgotmyiPad,I____1____(fascinate)byalltheappsonit,”shesaid.“Itwasn’tlong____2____Iwantedtocreatemyown.”Shebuiltherfirsttwoappswithheryoungersisterinmind.SmartkinsAnimalshelpschildrenidentifymorethan100animalsandtheirsounds.SmartkinsRainbowColorsteacheskidscolors.Eachapp____3____(download)thousandsoftimes.Anvitha’sskillswonherascholarshiptoattendabigtechconference____4____(host)byAppleinSanFrancisco,California.There,shegottipsfromthepros.Shewenttoworkshopswhereshe learnedabout____5____(new)softwareforappbuilding.Allthattrainingledtoanideaforathirdapp.Thisone,calledGoalsHi,inspireskids____6____(practice)goodhabits.Usersarerewardedforachievinggoals,suchaseatingtheirvegetablesorpracticingpiano.Anvithasaystherewardsarelike____7____(get)astickerforajobwelldone.“Kidscansetgoalswiththisappandgetstars____8____theyachievethem,”shesays.“Theideaistoempowerandmotivatekidstoachieveonelittlestepaday.”Anvitha’sgoalistocontinuecreatingtechnologythathelpskidslearnwhilehavingfun.Butwhatisevenmoreimportanttoheris____9____theworldseesthepoweroftechnologyinkids’hands.“Themoretrainingwegetintechatanearlyage,”shesays,“thebetterchancewehaveofbecominginnovationchampions_____10_____willonedaychangetheworld.”【答案】1.wasfascinated2.before3.hasbeendownloaded4.hosted5.newest6.topractice7.getting8.when9.that10.who##that【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了9岁的小女孩会自己编写适合孩子使用的应用程序。【1题详解】考查动词语态。句意：“当我第一次得到我的iPad时，我被它上面的所有应用程序迷住了，”她说。根据从句谓语“got”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，主语I和fascinate之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填wasfascinated.【2题详解】考查固定句型。句意：没过多久，我就想自己做一个。固定句型：Itwasnotlongbefore…“没过多久就……”。故填before。【3题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：每个应用程序都被下载了数千次。根据上下文“thousandsoftimes”可知，本句使用现在完成时；主语为eachapp，单数，和动词download之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填hasbeendownloaded。 【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Anvitha的技能为她赢得了参加苹果公司在加州旧金山举办的大型科技会议的奖学金。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。被修饰词conference与host之间存在被动关系，用过去分词，作后置定语。故填hosted。【5题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：她去了研讨会，在那里她学习了应用程序开发的最新软件。根据上下文可知，她去了研讨会，所以她是学习了最新的软件，所以用形容词最高级形式。故填newest。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这款应用名为GoalsHi，旨在鼓励孩子们养成良好的习惯。固定短语：inspiresb.todosth“鼓励某人做某事”。故填topractice。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Anvitha说，这种奖励就像工作做得好而得到一张贴纸。介词like之后用动名词作宾语。故填getting。【8题详解】考查状语从句。句意：“孩子们可以用这款应用设定目标，当他们实现目标后就会得到星星，”她说。根据句意可知，此处使用when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。故填when。【9题详解】考查表语从句。句意：但对她来说更重要的是，世界看到了孩子们手中科技的力量。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句，从句不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。【10题详解】考查定语从句。句意：“我们在年轻时接受的技术培训越多，”她说，“我们就越有机会成为有朝一日会改变世界的创新冠军。”此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为champions，指人，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。（B）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank. Sneakers(运动鞋)MadefromOldChewingGumDutchfashionandshoelabelExplicitWearishopingtosolveoneoflife’sstickysituations—theannoyanceofsteppinginwastechewinggumonthepavement.ThebrandhaspartneredwithlocalmarketingorganizationIamsterdamandsustainabilityfirmGumdrop____11____(create)alimitededitionsneakerforadultsmadefromrecycledgumfromthecity’spavements.Chewinggumcausesanincrediblyseriousecologicalproblem,____12____itismadefromplasticsthatdonotbiodegrade(生物降解).It’salsothesecond____13____(common)formofroadsidelitter,aftercigaretteends.Anincredible3.3millionpoundsofgumareincorrectlythrownawayonthesidewalkseachyear,____14____(cost)thecitymillionsofdollarstocleanup.GumdropplanstocollectwastegumfromthestreetsofAmsterdam,cleanthem,andturn____15____intoGum-materialthatformsthebaseoftheshoe.Thewastegumwillbeputtogoodusetomakestylishkicks,____16____willalsoraiseawarenessfortheanti-litteringcause.Pricedataround$332,theshoeswillcomeintothemarketsometimenextmonth.Availableforpreordernow,thenewGumshoesneakers—offeredinbothabubblegumpinkandablack/redcolorway—____17____(feature)long-lastingrubberoutsoles(鞋子外底)shapedfromrecyclablecompoundsproducedbyGumdrop,20percentofwhicharemadefromgum.Nearly2.2poundsofgum____18____(use)ineveryfourpairsofshoes.AmapofAmsterdamismadeintothebottomofthesolestoremindpeopleofthelitteringproblem.Evenbetter,thesneakersactuallystillsmelllikebubblegum____19____theannoyingstickiness.Justasgoodasanysneakerwitharubbersole,theGumshoeshelpgetchewinggumoffourstreetsandkeepthedangerouslynon-biodegradablesubstanceoutofoureco-system.Tohelpspreadtheirsustainabilitymessage,____20____Gumshoe’screatorsarehopingtodoistoexpandtheirprojecttoothermajorcitiesaroundtheworld.【答案】11.tocreate12.because##as##since13.mostcommon##commonest14.costing15.them16.which17.feature 18.isused19.without20.what【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹的鞋履品牌ExplicitWear与当地的营销组织和环保公司合作设计了一款用口香糖制作而成的运动鞋。【11题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：该品牌与当地营销组织Iamsterdam和可持续发展公司Gumdrop合作，用城市人行道上回收的口香糖为成年人制作了一款限量版运动鞋。结合句意分析句式结构可知，此处是表目的，所以此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填tocreate。【12题详解】考查连词。句意：因为口香糖是由无法生物降解的塑料制成的，所以它会造成极其严重的生态问题。分析句式结构可知，此处用需用连词来引导状语从句，再分析句意可知，前后是因果关系，此处是原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。【13题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：这也是仅次于烟头的第二常见的路边垃圾。分析句意可知，此处表“最常见的”，应该用形容词最高级，common的最高级有两种形式：mostcommon或commonest。故填mostcommon/commonest。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：令人难以置信的是，每年有330万磅的口香糖被错误地扔在人行道上，清理这些口香糖需要花费数百万美元。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词中的现在分词作结果状语，表示一种自然而然的结果。故填costing。【15题详解】考查代词。句意：Gumdrop计划从阿姆斯特丹的街道上收集废弃的口香糖，清洗它们，然后把它们变成口香糖材料，形成鞋子的底部。分析句意可知，此处用代词them指代“废弃的口香糖”作动词turn的宾语。故填them。【16题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这些废弃的口香糖将被用来制作时髦的鞋子，这也将提高人们反对乱扔垃圾的意识。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 【17题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：新款口香糖运动鞋目前已接受预订，有泡泡糖粉和黑/红两种颜色可供选择，其特点是持久耐用的橡胶外底(鞋子外底)，由Gumdrop公司生产的可回收化合物制成，其中20%由口香糖制成。分析句意可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语sneakers是复数，所以用谓语动词也用复数形式。故填feature。【18题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：每四双鞋就要使用近2.2磅的口香糖。鞋底印有阿姆斯特丹的地图，提醒人们乱扔垃圾的问题。分析句意可知，此处陈述的是客观事实，且gum和use之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为gum，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填isused。【19题详解】考查介词。句意：更棒是，这双运动鞋闻起来仍然像泡泡糖一样，没有烦人的粘稠感。分析句意再根据空格后的theannoyingstickiness可知，此处用介词without表示“没有”烦人的粘稠感，符合语境。故填without。【20题详解】考查住语从句。句意：为了帮助传播他们的可持续发展理念，Gumshoe的创造者希望将他们的项目扩展到世界上其他主要城市。分析句式结构可知，此处是主语从句，且从句中缺少do的宾语，所以用引导词what来引导。故填what。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.defendB.predictC.breedD.assumeE.remainingF.monitoringG.dramaticH.aloneI.criticalJ.commonK.overlookedTheWorldNeedsZoosZOOSplayanimportantroleintheworldforconservationandeducation.Manyanimalsareendangeredandmaygoextinctinthewild,butinzoos,theyaregoingstrong.Manyothersalreadybecomeextinctinthewildandonlysurvivethankstopopulationskeptincaptivity(被关).Eventhose____21____ofzoosoftenrecognizethatitisbettertohavespeciespreservedsomewherethanlosethemaltogether.Infact,speciesthatare____22____canalsocomeunderseriousthreatbefore peoplerealizeit.Takethering-tailedlemur(环尾狐猴)ofMadagascarforexample.Thisanimalcanbeseenalmosteverywhereinzoosasthey____23____wellincaptivityandthepublicarefondofthem.However,despitetheirhighnumbersincollectionsaroundtheworld,theyarethemostthreatenedmammalian(哺乳类动物的)groupontheplanet.Arecentsurveysuggeststhatupto95percentofthewildpopulationshavebeenlostsince2000.Thismeansthatthe____24____individualsareatseriousrisk.Onebadyearoranewdiseasecouldwipeoutthosethatareleft.Suchtrendsarenot____25____.Thegiraffeisanotherverycommonspeciesinzoos.Unlikethelemurs,giraffesarewidespreadinthecountriesacrossmuchofsub-SaharanAfrica.Yetgiraffepopulationshavegonedownbyathirdinthelastthirtyyears.Whileless____26____thanthedropinlemurnumbers,thisisobviouslyamajorlossandwholepopulationsareontheedgeofextinction.Thisisatrendthatisonlylikelytocontinue.Ongoingandfutureproblemsfromclimatechangecanhaveunexpectedeffectsonwildlife.Itbecomesmoredifficultforconservationiststo____27____whichspeciesmightbeatrisk.Asitis,expertsarestrugglingtocontinue____28____thespeciesthatarealreadyknowntobeextinct,soitiseasytoseewhycommonspeciesmightbe____29____.Peoplemightnottakeagreatlocallossseriouslysincetheyassumethattheseanimalsareheavilypopulatedelsewhere,butunfortunatelythatisnotalwaysthecase.Therewill,Isuspect,alwaysberesistancetotheargumentforkeepinganimalsincaptivityandIwillnot_____30_____thezoosthatarebadandindesperateneedofimprovement.【答案】21.I22.J23.C24.E25.H26.G27.B28.F29.K30.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物园在保护动物方面的作用。【21题详解】考查形容词。句意：即使是那些对动物园持批评态度的人也常常认识到，把物种保存在某个地方总比让它们全部消失要好。分析句子成分可知，空处为后置定语，且和of搭配，意为“批评、指责”。critical意为“批评”；且和of搭配：becriticalof“批评……”，符合文意。故选I。 【22题详解】考查形容词。句意：事实上，常见的物种也可能在人们意识到之前受到严重威胁。分析句子成分可知，空处为表语。根据下文“canalsocomeunderseriousthreatbeforepeoplerealizeit.”中的also可知，空处的单词应和：underthreat语义相反。common意为“常见的”，符合文意。故选J。【23题详解】考查动词。句意：这种动物在动物园里几乎随处可见，因为它们在圈养环境中繁殖良好，公众很喜欢它们。根据上文“Thisanimalcanbeseenalmosteverywhereinzoos”可知，这种动物随处可见，说明它们繁殖良好。breed意为“饲养、繁殖”，符合文意。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词。句意：这意味着剩下的个体处于严重的危险中。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰下文的individuals；再根据上文“Arecentsurveysuggeststhatupto95percentofthewildpopulationshavebeenlostsince2000.”可知，是剩下的处于危险之中。remaining形容词，意为“剩下的”，符合文意。故选E。【25题详解】考查形容词。句意：这种趋势并非个例。根据下文“Thegiraffeisanotherverycommonspeciesinzoos.”可知，长颈鹿也是如此，说明这种趋势并非个例。alone“孤单的”，符合文意。故选H。【26题详解】考查形容词。句意：虽然没有狐猴数量的下降那么引人注目，但这显然是一个重大损失，整个种群都处于灭绝的边缘。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词；再根据上文“Yetgiraffepopulationshavegonedownbyathirdinthelastthirtyyears.”可知，长颈鹿数量下降不那么显著。dramatic意为“显著的、引人注目的”，符合文意。故选G。【27题详解】考查动词。句意：自然资源保护主义者更难预测哪些物种可能会受到威胁。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形。再根据下文“whichspeciesmightbeatrisk.”可知，是对未来的预测。predict意为“预测”，符合文意。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词。句意：事实上，专家们正在努力继续监测已知已经灭绝的物种，所以很容易理解为什么常见的物种可能会被忽视。分析句子成分可知考查短语continuedoingsth.继续做某事； 再根据下文“soitiseasytoseewhycommonspeciesmightbe____9____.”可知，是监测这些物种才能理解为什么常见物种会被忽视。monitor意为“监测”，符合文意。故选F。【29题详解】考查动词。句意：事实上，专家们正在努力继续监测已知已经灭绝的物种，所以很容易理解为什么常见的物种可能会被忽视。根据上文可知，常见的物种也会濒临灭绝，所以它们是容易被忽视。overlooked从形式上来说和空前be构成被动关系，从意义上来说表示“被忽视”，符合文意。故选K。【30题详解】考查动词。句意：我猜想，将动物圈养的观点总会遭到抵制，我不会为那些糟糕的、迫切需要改进的动物园辩护。根据空后的“thezoosthatarebadandindesperateneedofimprovement.”可知，作者也不支持糟糕的动物园。defend意为“为……辩护”，符合文意。故选A。III.ReadingComprehension(45分：51-65各1分;66-80各2分)SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Aninternettrollissomeonewhopostsinsultingcommentsinanonlinechatroom,social-networkingsiteorblog.Theiraimisnottocontributetothediscussion,butto___31___peopleormakethemangry.Sometimesthecommentsarefairly___32___.Forexample,atrollmightvisitawebsitethatisdedicatedtofightingglobalwarmingandpostacommentlike‘Globalwarmingisamythmadeupbysecond-ratescientistswhojustwanttofurthertheirowncareers.’Somevisitorstothewebsitemightthinkthattheopinionisgenuineandstart___33___.Thisisexactlywhatthetrollwants:tostartafight.However,manytrollsarefarmoredangerousandpostcommentsthataredeeplyhurtful.In2011,45-year-oldNicolaBrookesleftamessageofsupportforarealityTVcontestantonFacebook.ThecontestanthadreceivedhatemailonFacebookand,feeling___34___fortheyoungman,MsBrookesleftamessageonhisFacebookpage,sayingsimply:‘Keepyourchinup,Frankie,they’llmoveontosomeoneelsesoon.’Theydidmoveontosomeoneelse—MsBrookes—withinminutes.Morethan100cruelmessageswereleftinjust24hours,anda(n)___35___Facebook pagewassetupinhername.Racisttrollingprobablyhasthehighestprofilecases.WhenPremierLeaguefootballerFabriceMuambacollapsedonthefieldduringamatchin2012,racistmessagesappearedonTwittertakingpleasureinhis___36___andlaughingathim.___37___,Muambamadeacompleterecovery.Theeffectsofsuchattackscanbeterrible,especiallyforpeoplewhoarebeingtargetedpreciselybecausetheyadmittedtoavulnerability(易受伤)inthefirstplace.So___38___dotrollspostmessagesthatcausesuchdistress?Someofthemaresad,lonelypeoplewiththeirownproblemswho___39___theattentiontheirpostsattract.Theybehavebadlyonlinebecausetheyfeel___40___normalstandardsofpoliteandconsideratebehaviour.Theyareinavirtualworldanddonothavetofacetheirvictims.Theysaythingsthattheywouldneverdaretosay___41___.Finally,trollsbelievethattheycanremainunknownandthatnoonewillever___42___whotheyare.Thatisaboutto___43___.however.WhenNicolaBrookesfirstapproachedthepoliceandmadeacomplaint,theytoldhertherewasnothingtheycoulddo.SoshecontactedlawyersandbeganlegalactiontoforceFacebooktodisclosetheidentitiesofthetrollswhohadbeentormenting(折磨)her.She___44___thecaseandisfreetopursueprivateprosecutions(起诉)againstthoseresponsiblefortormentingher.Withtrollsfacing___45___andpossibleprosecutioninfuture,hopefullytheywillthinktwicebeforepostinginsultingmessages.31.A.entertainB.locateC.upsetD.welcome32.A.informativeB.convincingC.harmlessD.unfair33.A.laughingB.arguingC.provingD.applauding34.A.anxietyB.sympathyC.dissatisfactionD.hope35.A.appealingB.complexC.famousD.fake36.A.misfortuneB.distressC.feelingD.violence37.A.OccasionallyB.StrangelyC.GenerallyD.Thankfully38.A.whyB.howC.whenD.where39.A.fearB.enjoyC.holdD.give40.A.liberatedfromB.curiousaboutC.satisfiedwithD.dependenton41.A.forsureB.onstageC.inpersonD.with confidence42.A.wonderB.discoverC.sayD.remember43.A.returnB.happenC.collapseD.change44.A.lostB.filedC.wonD.forgot45.A.competitionB.wealthC.embarrassmentD.exposure【答案】31.C32.C33.B34.B35.D36.A37.D38.A39.B40.A41.C42.B43.D44.C45.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“网络喷子”是指在网上聊天室、社交网站或博客上发表侮辱性言论的人。一些喷子的评论是无害的，而另一些发表的评论伤害极大。文章就NicolaBrookes的事件为例展开说明，说明了网络喷子的出现的原因，以及网络喷子不为自己言行负责的情况即将发生改变。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的目的不是参与讨论，而是让人们心烦或生气。A.entertain娱乐；B.locate位于；C.upset使心烦；D.welcome欢迎。结合下文ormakethemangry可知是让人们心烦或生气。故选C。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时这些评论是相当无害的。A.informative通知的；B.convincing令人信服的；C.harmless无害的；D.unfair不公平的。结合下文However,manytrollsarefarmoredangerousandpostcommentsthataredeeplyhurtful.许多网络喷子要危险得多，他们发表的评论伤害极大。可知此处指这类评论是并无害的。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些访问该网站的人可能认为这个观点是真实的，并开始争论。A.laughing大笑；B.arguing争论；C.proving证明；D.applauding赞同。结合上文可知喷子说全球变暖是二流科学家虚构的，有些人认为这个观点是真实的，因此就会发生争论。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：A.anxiety焦虑；B.sympathy同情；C.dissatisfaction不满意；D.hope希望。结合上文In2011,45-year-oldNicolaBrookesleftamessageofsupportforarealityTVcontestantonFacebook.可知布鲁克斯对这名年轻男子表示支持和同情。故选B。【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：仅在24小时内就有100多条残酷的信息被发送出去，Facebook上还以她的名字建立了一个虚假的页面。A.appealing吸引人的；B.complex复杂的；C.famous出名的；D.fake假的。结合上文MsBrookesleftamessageonhisFacebookpage,sayingsimply:‘Keepyourchinup,Frankie,they’llmoveontosomeoneelsesoon.’Theydidmoveontosomeoneelse—MsBrookes—withinminutes.可知舆论被转到了Brookes女士那里，别人以她的名字建立了一个虚假页面。故选D。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2012年，英超足球运动员法布里斯·穆阿姆巴在一场比赛中倒地，当时推特上出现了以他的不幸为乐并嘲笑他的种族主义信息。A.misfortune不幸；B.distress危难；C.feeling感觉；D.violence暴力。结合上文PremierLeaguefootballerFabriceMuambacollapsedonthefieldduringamatchin2012可知法布里斯·穆阿姆巴在一场比赛中倒地，别人以他的不幸为乐。故选A。【37题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，Muamba完全康复了。A.Occasionally偶尔；B.Strangely奇怪地；C.Generally通常；D.Thankfully感谢地。结合后文Muambamadeacompleterecovery可知Muamba完全康复了，真是谢天谢地。故选D。【38题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：那么，为什么这些喷子发布的信息会造成如此大的痛苦呢?结合下文Theybehavebadlyonlinebecausetheyfeel可知此处为说明原因，引导原因状语从句，故选A。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们中的一些人是悲伤的，有自己的问题的孤独的人，他们享受他们的帖子所吸引的注意力。A.fear害怕；B.enjoy享受；C.hold握住；D.give给予。结合上文Someofthemaresad,lonelypeoplewiththeirownproblems可知这些喷子中一些人是悲伤的，有自己的问题的孤独的人，他们借助发帖来享受他人的注意力。故选B。【40题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们在网上表现很差，因为他们觉得自己从礼貌和体贴的正常行为中解放出来了。A.liberatedfrom解放；B.curiousabout好奇；C.satisfiedwith满足；D.dependenton依靠。结合下文Theyareinavirtualworldanddonothavetofacetheirvictims.可知因为他们在一个虚拟世界里，不必面对他们的受害者，他们觉得自己从礼貌和体贴的正常行为中解放出来了。故选A。 【41题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：他们会说一些他们不敢当面说的话。A.forsure确实；B.onstage在台上；C.inperson当面；D.withconfidence自信地。结合上文Theyareinavirtualworldanddonothavetofacetheirvictims.可知他们身处虚拟世界，不必面对受害者。因此他们能说一些不敢当面说的话。故选C。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，喷子们相信他们可以保持默默无闻，没有人会发现他们是谁。A.wonder好奇；B.discover发现；C.say说；D.remember记住。结合上文trollsbelievethattheycanremainunknownandthatnoonewillever可知喷子们相信他们可以保持默默无闻，因此没有人会发现他们是谁。故选B。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种情况即将改变。A.return返回；B.happen发生；C.collapse倒塌；D.change改变。结合后文SoshecontactedlawyersandbeganlegalactiontoforceFacebooktodisclosetheidentitiesofthetrollswhohadbeentormentingher.可知NicolaBrookes采取了反击，因此喷子们在网络上不为自己言行负责的情况即将改变。故选D。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她打赢了官司，可以自由地对那些折磨她的人提起私人诉讼。A.lost失去；B.filed申请；C.won赢得；D.forgot忘记。结合后文isfreetopursueprivateprosecutionsagainstthoseresponsiblefortormentingher可知她打赢了官司。故选C。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着网络喷子面临曝光和未来可能的起诉，希望他们在发布侮辱性信息前三思。A.competition竞争；B.wealth财富；C.embarrassment尴尬；D.exposure曝光。结合上文NicolaBrookes打赢了官司，将那些攻击她的人曝光，因此将来网络喷子也将面临着曝光和被起诉的可能。故选D。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread. （A）Measles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That’sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption(豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.46.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat________.A.ananti-vaccinemovementhastriggeredtheoutbreakofmeaslesagainB.theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattention C.anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsD.informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly47.Herdimmunityworkswellwhen________.A.exemptionsareallowedB.severalvaccinesareusedtogetherC.thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinD.newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws48.Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?A.Theoveruseofvaccine.B.Thelackofmedicalcare.C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.49.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducetheideaofexemption.B.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.【答案】46.A47.C48.D49.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻疹因为疫苗而得到了有效的控制，但随着注射人群的减少，导致了麻疹的复发。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.(但这种疾病正在卷土重来，原因是反疫苗运动愈演愈烈，以及传播迅速的错误信息。)”和第二段“Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.(这个数字可能听起来很小，但它们是一种危险趋势的前沿。)”可推断，反疫苗运动再次引发了麻疹的爆发。故选A。【47题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.(但群体免疫只有在几乎整个群体都加入进来时才会起作用。)”可知，当整个社区都参与进来时， 群体免疫才会起作用。故选C。【48题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.(但这种疾病正在卷土重来，原因是反疫苗运动愈演愈烈，以及传播迅速的错误信息。)”可知，一些人选择不接种疫苗是麻疹复发的主要原因。故选D。【49题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Measles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.(麻疹曾经每年导致450名儿童死亡，更多人致残。14年前，由于MMR疫苗的普遍使用，美国几乎消灭了麻疹。但这种疾病正在卷土重来，原因是反疫苗运动愈演愈烈，以及传播迅速的错误信息。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了麻疹因为疫苗而得到了有效的控制，但随着注射人群的减少，导致了麻疹的复发，所以本文的目的是强调接种疫苗的重要性。故选C。(B)Eveniftheworldmakesithardtorelax,weallneedtofindawaytoresetandrecharge.Wegothroughlifethinkingwe’verestedbecausewehavegottenenoughsleep―butinrealitywearemissingoutontheothertypesofrestwedesperatelyneed.SaudraDalton-Smith,aphysician,outlinesdifferenttypesofrestthatareessentialforhumangrowing.PhysicalrestThisistheusualdefinitionofrestwereafamiliarwith.Butwhileweknowweneedtospendadecentnumberofhoursinbedtostayhealthy,asteadypersistentsupportofstudiesshowsalargeproportionofusstilldon’tgetenoughphysicalrest.MentalrestAlwayshaveatornadoofthoughtsspinninginyourheadfromthemomentyouwakeuptothemomentyoufinallyfallasleep?Youneedmorementalrest,andevenifyousleepasolideighthoursanight,you’renotgoingtofeelfullyrechargeduntilyougetit.“Thegoodnewsisyoudon’thavetoquityourjoborgoonvacationtofixthis.Scheduleshort breakstooccureverytwohoursthroughoutyourworkdaythesebreakscanremindyoutoslowdown.Youmightalsokeepanotepadbythebedtowritedownanypainfulthoughtsthatwouldkeepyouawake,”suggestsDalton-smith.SensoryrestStaringatscreensalldayandallnightmeansyoureyesnevergetaproperrest,butthisisn’ttheonlyreasonmanyofusnevergiveoursensesabreak.Noisycites,sharpsoundannouncementsandloudmusicallcontributetoconstantsensorystimulation.Yourbrainneedsarestnowandagain.Consciouslycloseyoureyesandgiveyourselfthegiftofsilenceforshortperiodsthroughouttheday.EmotionalrestThis“meanshavingthetimeandspacetofreelyexpressyourfeelingsandcutbackonpeople-pleasing,”Dalton-smithexplains.“Emotionalrestalsorequiresthecouragetobegenuine.Anemotionallyrestedpersoncananswerthequestion,‘Howareyoutoday?’withatruthful‘I’mnotokay’,andthengoontosharesomehardthingsthatotherwisegounsaid.”Inotherwords,weallneedthespacetostoppretendingforourselvesandothersandgetrealaboutourfeelings.50.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutthetypesofrestmentionedinthepassage?A.Physicalrestmeanslyinginbedforaproperperiodandexercising.BMentalrestindicatesrestingeverytwohourswhenyou’reworking.C.Sensoryrestmeanskeepingsilentfrequentlyandstaringatscreens.D.Emotionalrestmeanspretendingtoshareprivateaffairswithothers.51.Whattypeofrestdoyouneedmostifyou’reworkingwithacomputerinanoffice?A.PhysicalrestB.MentalrestC.SensoryrestD.Emotionalrest52.Itcanbeconcludedthatifapersonfeelstired,heshould_________.A.trytoidentifyjustwhatsortofresthe’slackingexactlyB.spendsometimewiththosewhocanenergizehimC.havethefourtypesofrestmentionedinthepassageinorderD.haveaneedtofeelconnectedtosomethinglargerthanhimself【答案】50.B51.C52.A 【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了除睡眠以外的四种休息方式。它们可以帮助我们更好地调整生活和工作状态，改善身体和精神健康状况。【50题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Scheduleshortbreakstooccureverytwohoursthroughoutyourworkday(在工作日中，每隔两个小时安排一次短暂的休息)”可知，精神休息指的是工作时每隔两个小时进行短时休息。故选B项。【51题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Staringatscreensalldayandallnightmeansyoureyesnevergetaproperrest,butthisisn’ttheonlyreasonmanyofusnevergiveoursensesabreak.(整天整夜盯着屏幕意味着你的眼睛永远得不到适当的休息，但这并非我们许多人从不让我们的感官休息的唯一原因。)”可知，如果我们整天在办公室对着一台电脑工作，我们可能最需要进行感官休息。故选C项。【52题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Wegothroughlifethinkingwe’verestedbecausewehavegottenenoughsleep―butinrealitywearemissingoutontheothertypesofrestwedesperatelyneed.SaudraDalton-Smith,aphysician,outlinesdifferenttypesofrestthatareessentialforhumangrowing.(我们终其一生都认为我们已经休息了，因为我们已经得到了足够的睡眠，但实际上我们错过了我们迫切需要的其他类型的休息。医生SaudraDalton-Smith概述了对人类成长至关重要的不同类型的休息)”可推知，认为足够的睡眠是唯一休息方式是不正确的，所以当一个人感到疲倦时，他需要弄清楚他到底缺少什么样的休息。故选A项。（C）Theideathatrichercountriesarehappiermayseemobvious.However,in1974,researchbyeconomistRichardEasterlinfoundotherwise.Hediscoveredthatwhileindividualswithhigherincomesweremorelikelytobehappy,thisdidnotholdatanationallevel.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,averageincomeperpersonrosesteadilybetween1946and1970,butreportedhappinesslevelsshowednopositivelong-termtrend.;infact,theydeclinedbetween1060and1970.Thesedifferencesbetweennation-levelandindividualresultsgaverisetotheterm“Easterlinparadox”:theideathatahigherrateofeconomicgrowthdoesnotresultinhigherlong-termhappiness.Havingaccesstoadditionalincomeseemstoonlyprovideatemporarygrowthinhappiness. Sinceacertainminimumincomeisneededforbasicnecessities,it’spossiblethatthehappinessboostfromextracashisn’tthatgreatonceyouriseabovethepovertyline.ThiswouldexplainEasterlin’sfindingsintheUnitedStatesandotherdevelopedcountries.Hearguedthatlifesatisfactiondoesrisewithaverageincomesbutonlyintheshortterm.RecentresearchhaschallengedtheEasternlinparadox,however.In2013,RuutVeenhovenandFlorisVergunstconductedastudyusingstatisticsfromtheWorldDatabaseofHappiness.Theiranalysisrevealedthateconomicgrowthhasapositiveimpactonhappiness.AnotherstudybytheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatthereisnomaximumwealththresholdatwhichmoremoneyceasestocontributetoyourhappiness:“Ifthereisasatiationpoint,weareyettoreachit.”Thestudyfoundthateveryextradollaryouearnmakesyouhappier.Withamuchdebateabouttherelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappiness,it’sclearthathappinessitselfisacomplexconceptanddependsonmanyfactors.AccordingtopsychologistsSelinKesebirandShigehiroOishi,happinessalsodependsonhowyourincomecomparestothepeoplearoundyou.Theyarguethatacountry’seconomicgrowthonlymakesitscitizenshappierifwealthisequallydistributed.Incountrieswithhighincomeinequality—wheretherichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer—averagehappinesstendstodropbecauseonlyrelativelyfewpeoplebenefitfromtheeconomicprosperity.Thissuggeststhatgovernmentsshouldconsidercarryingoutpoliciestoensuremoreequaldistributionofwealth.Thehappierpeopleare,themoreproductivetheyarelikelytobecome,thusleadingtoimprovedeconomicoutcomesattheindividualandnationallevels.Thereiscontinuingdebateaboutthelinkbetweenwealthandhappiness,withargumentsbothforandagainstthenotionthatrichercountriesarehappier.However,itisclearthatwealthaloneisn’tenoughtomakeushappy.Theeffectofincomeinequalityonhappinessshowsthathappinessisasocialresponsibility.Weneedtorememberthepositiveeffectsofgenerosityandbuildingsocialconnections.Perhapsourfocusshouldbelessonhowmuchmoneywehave,andmoreonhowweuseit.53.Accordingtothepassage,EasterlinParadoxrefersto________.A.thefactthatthemoremoney,thehappierpeoplewillfeelB.thesuggestionthatmoneyshouldbegiventhetoppriorityC.thequestionhoweconomicoutcomesaredistributednationwide D.theopinionthathigherincomedoesn’tnecessarilygeneratehappiness54.Theword“satiation”inparagraph3isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.satisfactionB.controversialC.centralD.sensitive55.Whatisthemajorreasonforpeople’sunhappinessrelatedtomoney?A.Moneynotenough.B.Moneynotfairlydistributed.C.RichpeoplericherD.Unequalmoneypaidforequalwork.56.Whichofthefollowingmightbebesttitleofthispassage?A.It’sallrelativeB.EasternlinparadoxC.TheimpactofwealthonhappinessD.Risingincome,risinghappiness【答案】53.D54.A55.B56.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在1974年，经济学家理查德·伊斯特林研究发现生活满意度的确会随着人均收入的增加而提高，但这只是在短期内。2013年，社会学家RuutVeenhoven和FlorisVergunst的分析表明，经济增长与幸福之间存在正相关关系。同时根据心理学家SelinKesebir和ShigehiroOishi的说法，幸福还取决于您的收入与周围人的比较。他们认为，只有财富平均分配，一个国家的经济增长才能使其公民更加幸福。作者认为我们应该少关注我们有多少钱，多关注我们如何使用它。【53题详解】细节理解题。第一段最后一句“Thesedifferencesbetweennation-levelandindividualresultsgaverisetotheterm“Easterlinparadox”:theideathatahigherrateofeconomicgrowthdoesnotresultinhigherlong-termhappiness.(国家水平和个人结果之间的这些差异导致了“伊斯特林悖论”一词的出现：即较高的经济增长率并不会带来较高的长期幸福感)”可知，伊斯特林悖论指的是高收入不一定带来幸福的观点。故选D。【54题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“AnotherstudybytheUniversityofMichiganfoundthatthereisnomaximumwealththresholdatwhichmoremoneyceasestocontributetoyourhappiness(密歇根大学的另一项研究发现，没有一个财富上限，超过这个上限，更多的钱就不再给你带来幸福)”可知，没有最大财富门槛，在该门槛上，更多的钱不再为您的幸福做出贡献。即指还没有一个临界点，在这个点上钱将不会使人开心。可推知，如果有这样一个让人满足的点，我们还没有达到。所以satiation意思为“满足”。故选A。 【55题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theyarguethatacountry’seconomicgrowthonlymakesitscitizenshappierifwealthisevenlydistributed.Inemergingcountrieswithhighincomeinequality——wheretherichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer——averagehappinesstendstodropbecauseonlyrelativelyfewpeoplebenefitfromtheeconomicprosperity.(他们认为，一个国家的经济增长只有在财富得到平均分配的情况下才会让国民更幸福。在收入高度不平等的新兴国家——富人越来越富，穷人越来越穷——平均幸福感往往会下降，因为只有相对较少的人能从经济繁荣中受益)”可知，只有财富平均分配了人才会开心，即金钱分配不均是造成人们对金钱不快乐的主要原因。故选B。【56题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Thereiscontinuingdebateaboutthelinkbetweenwealthandhappiness,withargumentsbothforandagainstthenotionthatrichercountriesarehappier.However,itisclearthatwealthaloneisn’tenoughtomakeushappy.(关于财富与幸福之间的联系，人们仍在争论不休，有人支持，有人反对富裕国家更幸福的观点。然而，很明显，财富本身并不足以使我们幸福)”以及文章主要内容可知，文章主要围绕着财富与幸福相关的话题，所以本文的最佳标题是“Theimpactofwealthonhappiness(财富对幸福的影响)”。故选C。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.AreYouaPrisonerofPerfection?Doyoustruggleforagoalthatisbeyondyourreach?Doyouholdanidealizedvisionthatisimpossibletorealize?Areyousettingyourselfupforfailureandshamewhenyoucan’tachievetheunachievable?___57___Shameandfearareoftenthehiddendrivesofperfection.Webelievethatifwefashionaperfectlypolishedpersonality,flashourintelligence,andperfectourhumour,thennoonecanhurtuswithcriticismandwe’llwinrespectandapproval.Forthemajorityofus,theaddictiontostayingperfectprotectsusfromanysignofbeing imperfect.____58____Wefearthatshowingshortcomingswillexposeustotheaccusationthatwe’reweak.Westicktoadesiretoberight,perfect,andpolished,evenwhenit’sobviousthattheemperorhasnoclothes.Perfectionismkeepsusleaningtowardthefuture.We’reconstantlyevaluatingourselvesinordertobebetter.There’snothingwrongwithwantingtodoourbestandself-correctingalongtheway.____59____Wegetpainfullyself-consciousandtakeourselvestooserious.Sadly,thesimplepleasureofenjoyingthemomentandbeingourselvesaretakenawayfromus.Acuretoperfectionismistomakeroomforourhumanshortcomings.Werealizethatfailingatanyenterprisedoesn’tmeanthatweareafailure.Withoutfailures,we’llneverlearnfromourmistakes;we’llnevermoveforwardinourlives.Thosewhosucceedhavemadecountlessmistakes.____60____Beinghuman,perfectionisimpossible.Byacceptingourselvesasweareanddoingourbest,webegintoridoftheshamethatdrivesperfectionism.A.Bydefinition,perfectionisthestateofmindwhichdrivesustomoveforwards.B.However,ifwecan’trelaxandenjoylightermoments,thenwebecomeprisonersofourperfectionism.C.Tosomeextent,youranswerstothesequestionsrevealyourpersonalitiesaswellasyourattitudetowardslife.D.Weoftendisplayadesperateneedtoberightandrefusetoacknowledgemistakesoruncertainty.E.Theimportantthingistolearnfromourerror,forgiveourselvesandmoveon.F.Understandingwhatdrivesperfectionisthefirststeptowardreleasingthisself-createdobstaclethatkeepsusstuck.【答案】57.F58.D59.B60.E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了导致完美主义心理的原因及危害，并给出了如何治愈完美主义心理的方法。【57题详解】第一段通过三个问句的形式列举的事例恰好属于F项中提到的“self-createdobstacle（自创的障碍）”，第二段第一句“Shameandfearareoftenthehiddendrivesofperfection.（羞耻和恐惧往往是追求完美的隐藏驱动力。）”中的thehiddendrivesofperfection与选项F中的“whatdrivesperfection（驱动追求完美的力量）”相呼应，故F选项“理解是什么驱动着完美，这是我们摆 脱自我制造的阻碍的第一步。”切题。故选F项。【58题详解】第三段句首的“theaddictiontostayingperfect（对保持完美的痴迷）”与D项中的“adesperateneedtoberight（一种对正确的迫切需要）”意义相近；而D项中的“mistakesoruncertainty（错误或不确定性）”也正是第三段句首提出的“anysignofbeingimperfect（任何不完美的迹象）”的具体表现。D项内容是对前一句内容的进一步解释。故D选项“我们常常表现出一种对正确的迫切需要，拒绝承认错误或不确定性”切题。故选D项。【59题详解】空前的“There’snothingwrongwithwantingtodoourbestandself-correctingalongtheway.（想要做到最好并在过程中自我纠正并没有错。）”对追求完美的行为进行了肯定，而空后的“Wegetpainfullyself-consciousandtakeourselvestooserious.（我们会痛苦地感到难为情，把自己看得太严肃。）”却指出了追求完美的消极后果，显然设空处需填入表示转折和过渡的句子，B项句首的“However”起到了转折的作用，且该项内容也指出了完美主义的消极后果。故B选项“然而，如果我们不能放松和享受轻松的时刻，那么我们就会成为完美主义的囚徒。”切题。故选B项。【60题详解】最后一段空前的“Thosewhosucceedhavemadecountlessmistakes.（成功的人犯过无数的错误。）”，设空处应解释“成功的人是如何在犯了无数错误之后仍然取得成功的”，选项E中的内容既解答了这个疑问，又与前文“Withoutfailures,we’llneverlearnfromourmistakes;we’llnevermoveforwardinourlives.（没有失败，我们就永远不会从错误中吸取教训;我们的生活永远不会向前。）”说法一致，故E选项“重要的是从错误中吸取教训，原谅自己，继续前进”切题。故选E项。Ⅳ.Translation(20分：3+3+4+5+5)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.61.如今，越来越多人关心全球变暖和气候变化。（concern）（汉译英）【答案】Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleareconcernedaboutglobalwarmingandclimatechange.【解析】【详解】考查短语和时态。moreandmore越来越……；beconcernedabout对……关心；globalwarming全球变暖；climatechange气候变化。根据时间状语nowadays可知，用一般现在时。 根据句意，故翻译为Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleareconcernedaboutglobalwarmingandclimatechange.62.暑假临近，学生们兴奋地制定他们的旅游计划。（approach）（汉译英）【答案】Withthesummervacationapproaching,studentsaremakingtheirtravelplansexcitedly.【解析】【详解】考查动词和with的复合结构。根据提示词分析句子可知，“暑假临近”可翻译为with的复合结构，with+宾语+宾补，临近“approach”，主语summervacation和动词approach之间是主动关系，所以“暑假临近”可翻译为“Withthesummervacationapproaching”；主句为“学生们兴奋地制定他们的旅游计划”，“制定计划”翻译为“maketheirplans”，兴奋地“excitedly”。现在进行时可表现在进行的动作或者状态，故翻译为Withthesummervacationapproaching,studentsaremakingtheirtravelplansexcitedly。63.由于演员出色的表现及壮丽的场景，这个电影吸引了许多观众。(appeal)（汉译英）【答案】Thefilmappealedtoalotofaudiencesbecauseoftheexcellentperformanceoftheactorsandthemagnificentscenes.【解析】【详解】考查短语和时态。appealto吸引；alotof许多；becauseof因为，由于；excellentperformance出色的表现；magnificentscene壮丽的场景。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Thefilmappealedtoalotofaudiencesbecauseoftheexcellentperformanceoftheactorsandthemagnificentscenes.64.室内养心仪的绿植既能有助于人们放松心情，又能净化空气，可谓居家必备。（which）（汉译英）【答案】Raising/Growing/Cultivatingsomefavouritegreenplantsindoors/intheroomcannotonlyhelppeoplegetrelaxed/torelax(mood/themselves),butalsocan/butcanalsopurifytheair,whichis/canbedescribedas/whichissaidtobeamustathome.【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态、非谓语动词和定语从句。greenplant绿色植物；notonly…butalso但……而且……；helpsb.dosth.帮助某人做某事；purifytheair净化空气；bedescribedas被称作……分析；athome在家。分析句子结构，句中使用动名词作主语；句中使用which引导的非限制性定语从句。陈述现在事实，用一般现在时。故译为Raising/Growing/Cultivatingsomefavouritegreenplantsindoors/intheroomcannotonlyhelppeoplegetrelaxed/torelax(mood/ themselves),butalsocan/butcanalsopurifytheair,whichis/canbedescribedas/whichissaidtobeamustathome.65.只有高效完成网络学习和作业，保持自律，学生才能够弥补无法线下教学的劣势。(Only)（汉译英）【答案】Onlybyefficientlycompletingonlinelearningandassignmentsandmaintainingself-disciplinecanstudentsmakeupfortheshortcomingsofnotbeingabletoteachoffline.【解析】【详解】考查短语和倒装结构。bydoingsth通过做某事；onlinelearning网络学习；maintainself-discipline保持自律；makeupfor弥补；beableto能够。“only+介词短语”位于句首时，句子应部分倒装，将情态动词can提至主语students之前。根据句意，故翻译为Onlybyefficientlycompletingonlinelearningandassignmentsandmaintainingself-disciplinecanstudentsmakeupfortheshortcomingsofnotbeingabletoteachoffline.Ⅴ.GuidedWriting(25分)66.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.由于疫情，我们不得不居家网课。请结合你的网课学习经历，谈一谈你对线上和线下授课的看法。你的文章需要包括：1.结合个人经历，你觉得哪种学习方式更好2.请说明理由关键词：线上学习：onlinelearning/distancelearning线下学习：offlinelearning/face-to-facelearning_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Becauseoftheepidemic,wehavetotakeonlineclassesathome.Onlinelearninghasbeenmorepopular.Ithinkonlinelearningisaverygoodwaytostudy.Ithasmanyadvantages.First,wedon’thavetogotoschool,forwecantakelessonsathomeoncomputersormobilephones.Secondly,wecanrepeatwhatwedon’tunderstand.Inaddition,onlinelearningcostslessbecausebothteachersandstudentscanshareresources.Therearealsoproblemswithonlinelearning.SomestudentsplaygamesontheInternetinsteadofstudying.Besides,onlinelearningcan’tcommunicatefacetoface.Ihopeparentspaymoreattentiontotheirchildrentopreventthemfromspendingtimeplayingcomputergames.Ialsohopetoimproveonlinelearningsothatteachersandstudentscancommunicatebetter.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于议论文。要求考生结合自己的网课学习经历，谈一谈自己对线上和线下授课的看法。详解】1.词汇积累因：becauseof→dueto许多：many→alotof此外：besides→what’smore阻止：prevent→stop2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Becauseoftheepidemic,wehavetotakeonlineclassesathome.拓展句：Becausetheepidemichas broken out,wehavetotakeonlineclassesathome.【点睛】【高分句型1】Inaddition,onlinelearningcostslessbecausebothteachersandstudentscanshareresources.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句）【高分句型2】Ihopeparentspaymoreattentiontotheirchildrentopreventthemfromspendingtimeplayingcomputergames.（运用了宾语从句）