湖南省衡阳市2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

衡阳市高一年级期末质量监测英语试卷注意事项：1.本试题卷共67小题,满分150分。2.测试时量：120分钟,请同学们科学、合理地安排好答题时间。3.本卷为试题卷,答案必须答在答题卡的指定位置,答在试题卷上无效。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatisthewomanexcitedabout?A.Anewmovie.B.AnewbookC.Anewmusicrecord.2.Wheredidthewomangoyesterday?A.ToaforestB.Toasportsfield.C.Toacinema.3.WhatwillthemandoonSaturday?A.Gotothebeach.B.Haveaparty.C.Gotowork.4Whendidthewomanrealizeshehadnomoney?A.Whenshecouldn’tfindherphone.B.Whenshewastryingtopay.C.Whenshecaughtthebus.5.Whycan’tthemangotothecafetonight?A.It’snotabrandnewcafe.B.Hedoesn’twanttojointhem.C.Hehastogotohissister’shome. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答6-7小题。6.WheredidCindygrowup?A.InEngland.B.InGermany.C.InPoland.7.WhydidCindycometoBeijing?A.Forstudy.B.Forwork.C.Forsightseeing.听第7段材料,回答8-10小题。8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthebedroom?A.Bright.B.New.C.Small.9.Whatdoesthewomanlikebest?A.ThekitchenB.TheviewC.Thelivingroom.10.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydomost?A.Havetheshowerrepaired.B.Buysomefurniture.C.Keepsearching听第8段材料,回答11-13小题。11.Whattimedoesthelibraryopen?A.At7:00a.mB.At8:00a.m.C.At9:00a.m.12Whyarethespeakersatthelibrary?A.Toborrowbooks.B.TostudyforexamsC.Tomeetfriends.13.Wherecanthemanfindthemagazines?A.Inthereadingroom.B.Inthecomputerlab.C.Inthesciencecenter.听第9段材料,回答14-17小题。14.Howdidthewomanperforminthesciencetest?A.ShefaileditB.Shegot90points.C.Shedidn’ttakeit.15.Whatwasthemanbusydoinglastweekend? A.Takingcareofhismother.B.Lookingafterhisbrothers.C.Playingbasketballwithhisfather.16.Whatisthemangoingtoaskhisteacher?A.Ifhecantakethetestagain.B.Ifhecanhaveahighermark.C.Ifhecangetextrahomework.17.Wherewillthetwostudentsmeetlater?A.Inthebasketballcourt.B.Intheteacher’soffice.C.Intheclassroom.听第10段材料,回答18-20小题。18.Whydoestheschoolorganizethemusicweek?A.Toattractmoreforeignstudents.B.Toexchangeideasaboutculture.C.Tohelpforeignstudentsenjoytheirtime.19.Whenshouldstudentssignupfortheactivities?A.BeforeSeptember15th.B.InthelastweekofSeptember.C.InthefirstweekofDecember20.Wherewillthemusicweekbeheld?A.InthelibraryB.Inthegarden.C.Ontheplayground.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACommunicationAndPublicRelations(PR)ForBusinessTheadvertisingandbrandappearanceofanyorganizationmustincludecommunicationskills.Oneofthereallykeytasksthatcouldbedonewouldbetointeracthealthilywithcustomers.Thatisthemeaningofthepracticeofpublicrelations.DataAndStatisticsToSupportPRPeoplemaynowbegintheirownprivateanalysisofbusinessesandtheirPRskillsmuchmore easilythankstotechnology.Evenifyou’refacedwitheitheragreatorpoorsituation,alwayskeepinmindthatyoushouldappearashonestasyoucanbeinyourPR.EstablishacompanyPRskillsusingsound,reliableinformationandthenusethatinformationtosupportthoseefforts.BenefitsOfPublicRelationsEffortsWhenyousetupanewrelationship,thatindividualmightgiveyouadvice,helpyouinfindingyourpotentialcustomers,orhelpyougetapromotion.DevelopingyourreputationasaPRexpertthroughnetworkingisanotherbenefit.Additionally,peoplewillwanttocooperatewithyouiftheyknowthatyouareemployedbyacompanythatprovideshigh-qualitywork.WhereToFindPRAid?ExpertscanteachPRpracticesthatworktoanycompany.Forexample,aregularlyupdatedblogposthelpscommunicationandimprovesgrowthandlearning.Youcanfindmoreinformationonthisblogservedforcommunicationteamsforlargecompanies.1.Whatisimportantwhenmakingprivateanalysis?A.Finishprivateanalysisonyourown.B.Maketheanalysiseasilyunderstood.C.Usehonestinformationtosupport.D.Removethepoorpersonalinformation.2.WhichisNOTthebenefitofpublicrelationsefforts?A.Morepotentialconsumers.B.ReputationasaPRexpert.C.Broadercommercialcooperation.D.Offersfromahigh-qualitycompany.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Awebsite.B.Amagazine.C.Atextbook.D.Areport.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了商业沟通和公共关系的益处并提供帮助的博客。【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“PeoplemaynowbegintheirownprivateanalysisofbusinessesandtheirPRskillsmuchmoreeasilythankstotechnology.Evenifyou’refacedwitheitheragreatorpoorsituation,alwayskeepinmindthatyoushouldappearashonestasyoucanbeinyourPR.EstablishacompanyPRskillsusingsound,reliableinformationandthenusethatinformationtosupportthoseefforts.(由于科技的发展，人们现在可以更容易地开始自己的企业分析和公关技能。即使你面临的是一个或好或坏的情况，永远记住，你应该在你的公关中表现得尽可能诚实。利用可靠的信息建立公司公关技能，然后用这些信息来支持这些努力。)”可知，在进行私人分析时，使用诚实可靠的信息来支持是重要的。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Whenyousetupanewrelationship,thatindividualmightgiveyouadvice,helpyouinfindingyourpotentialcustomers,orhelpyougetapromotion.DevelopingyourreputationasaPRexpertthroughnetworkingisanotherbenefit.(当你建立一段新的关系时，那个人可能会给你建议，帮助你找到潜在的客户，或者帮助你升职。另一个好处是通过人脉建立你作为公关专家的声誉。)”和第四段“Additionally,peoplewillwanttocooperatewithyouiftheyknowthatyouareemployedbyacompanythatprovideshigh-qualitywork.(此外，如果人们知道你受雇于一家提供高质量工作的公司，他们会愿意与你合作。)”可知，来自高质量的公司的工作提议不是公共关系努力的益处。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Youcanfindmoreinformationonthisblogservedforcommunicationteamsforlargecompanies.(您可以在这个为大公司的沟通团队服务的博客上找到更多信息。)”可推断，这篇文章来自网络。故选A。BGrowingup,Iwasalwaysfortunatetobearoundmygrandfather’swell-caredgarden.Notonlywasitanicegardeninthevisualsense,butthevegetablesandfruitthathegrewinitwerealsooftenonthedinnertable,soitwasalsoaverypracticalgarden.Thiswasaresultofthetimes.Heandmillionsothersgrewupindifficulttimeduring1930s,inwhichvegetablesgrowningardenshelpedpeopleaddtheirpoorincomes.Ihadjustbeenanadmireroftheworkdonebyhimuntilquiterecently,whenIdecidedtoturnmyhandtogrowingsomeplants.Unlikemygrandfather,Idon’thavealargegardentodothis.Likemillionsofotherpeople,Ionlyhaveasmallbalconytoconductmyplantingactivities,butthathasnot discouragedmeintheslightest.It’spossibletomakeanice“garden”eveninthemostlimitedspace,butnoteveryonecouldbesuccessful.Ihadalreadytriedtogrowsomeflowers,butitwasahopelessfailure,somyattentionandeffortsthenturnedtosomethingmuchmorepractical:vegetables.Idecidedtotaketheseedsofonelittletomatoandplanttheminanumberofpots.Afterseveralweeks,Iwasamazedbytheresults.Inowhaveabout15tomatoplantsonmybalconyindifferentstagesofgrowth.It’sarewardingsighttoseethisgreeneryonmybalcony.Notonlydoesitlooknice,it’salsoagoodfeelingthatIhavemademyownlittlecontributiontonature.Andinthisdayandageinwhichwehavesuchfast-pacedlivesanddependonmoderntechnologyforsomuch,it’sveryrewardingtobetakingpartinapracticewhichisasoldastimeitself,asplantlifeisthemostbasicandoldest“technology”onourplanet.Evenifyoudon’tconsideryourselftohave“greenfingers”,itissomethingthat’swellworthhavingatryof——youcouldbeamazedbytheresults.4.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhisgrandfather’sgarden?A.BeautifulandusefulB.Boringanddifficult.C.Brokenandimpractical.D.Attractiveandwelcome5.Howabouttheplantinginauthor’slimitedspaceaccordingtoparagraph3?A.AcompletefailureforthelackofalargegardenB.AllvegetablesgrewbetterthanflowersonthebalconyC.Flowersweremorepracticalcomparedwithvegetables.D.Vegetables’plantingwasmoresuccessfulthanflowers6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“greenfingers”meaninthelastparagraph?A.TheabilitytomakeplantsgrowB.Abigbalconytogrowgreenplants.C.Theskillstomastermoderntechnology.D.Greeneryonourbalcony7.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopletodoaccordingtothepassage!A.Getusedtothefast-pacedlifeB.Activelyapplymoderntechnology.C.Buildalargeenoughbalcony.D.Contributetonaturebyplanting.【答案】4.A5.D6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者受到祖父花园启发，决定着手种植一些植物，最终种植蔬菜成功了。 【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Notonlywasitanicegardeninthevisualsense,butthevegetablesandfruitthathegrewinitwerealsooftenonthedinnertable,soitwasalsoaverypracticalgarden.(它不仅在视觉上是一个很好的花园，而且他在里面种的蔬菜和水果也经常出现在餐桌上，所以它也是一个非常实用的花园)”可知，作者认为他祖父的花园美观实用。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ihadalreadytriedtogrowsomeflowers,butitwasahopelessfailure,somyattentionandeffortsthenturnedtosomethingmuchmorepractical:vegetables.Idecidedtotaketheseedsofonelittletomatoandplanttheminanumberofpots.Afterseveralweeks,Iwasamazedbytheresults.Inowhaveabout15tomatoplantsonmybalconyindifferentstagesofgrowth.(我已经试着种了一些花，但那是无望的失败，所以我的注意力和精力转向了更实际的东西：蔬菜。我决定把一颗小番茄的种子种在许多盆里。几个星期后，我对结果感到惊讶。我现在在阳台上种了大约15株不同生长阶段的番茄)”可知，作者在有限的空间里种植的蔬菜比种植的花更成功。故选D。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“itissomethingthat’swellworthhavingatryof——youcouldbeamazedbytheresults(这是非常值得一试的——你可能会对结果感到惊讶)”以及evenif引导让步状语从句和上文提到的“Notonlydoesitlooknice,it’salsoagoodfeelingthatIhavemademyownlittlecontributiontonature.(它不仅看起来很漂亮，而且感觉很好，我对大自然做出了自己的一点贡献。)”可知，作者成功种植了一些植物，所以作者认为即使你不认为自己有让植物生长的能力，这也是一件值得一试的事情——结果可能会让你大吃一惊。故画线词意思是“让植物生长的能力”。故选A。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“It’sarewardingsighttoseethisgreeneryonmybalcony.Notonlydoesitlooknice,it’salsoagoodfeelingthatIhavemademyownlittlecontributiontonature.Andinthisdayandageinwhichwehavesuchfast-pacedlivesanddependonmoderntechnologyforsomuch,it’sveryrewardingtobetakingpartinapracticewhichisasoldastimeitself,asplantlifeisthemostbasicandoldest“technology”onourplanet.(在我的阳台上看到这些绿色植物是一种值得的景象。它不仅看起来很漂亮，而且感觉很好，我为大自然做出了自己的一点贡献。在当今这个时代，我们的生活节奏如此快，如此依赖现代技术，参与一项与时间本身一样古老的实践 是非常有益的，因为植物生命是我们这个星球上最基本、最古老的“技术”)”可知，作者建议人们通过种植为自然做贡献。故选D。CForyears,learningtospeakCantonesewasnotthathardinSanFrancisco.ItisaplacewhereCantonesespeakersfromSouthChinahavemovedforover150years.Butnow,thereisfearthattheCantoneselanguageandculturemightnotsurvivepresentsocialchanges.Cantoneseisspokenbysome85millionpeopleworldwide.Incomparison,therearearound1billionMandarin(orPutonghua)speakers.InBritain,asintheU.S.,mostschoolsthatofferChineseusuallyteachMandarin.Asaresult,manyfamiliesarestrugglingtofindwaystopassontheirCantoneselanguageandculture.CeciPangrunsclassesforchildrenatRainbowSeedsCantoneseSchoolinLondon.“Manyparentswanttheirkidstobeabletocommunicatewiththeirgrandparents,”shesaid.“It’sjustsohardhere,therearesofewlearningresourcesandlotsofparentsgetupset.That’susuallythepointtheparentscometome.”InChina,thereareCantonesetelevisionprogramsaswellasCantoneseannouncementsonpublictransport.InHongKong,however,Cantoneseremainsthecity’stoplanguage.Itisusedby90percentofthepopulationaccordingtoanassistantprofessorattheEducationUniversityofHongKong.ItisadifferentstoryintheU.S.TheteachingofCantonesehasdecreasedsomewhat,includinginSanFrancisco,acitythathasdrawnmanyCantonesespeakersovertheyears.TheSanFranciscoschoolsystemhasCantoneseandMandarinprogramsforyoungerstudents.Butinhighschool,MandarinistheonlyChineselanguageavailable.Thisspring,someindependentChineseschoolsarehelpingtoteachthelanguageasCantonese-speakingcommunitiesgrow.AleydaPoehasbeenmanagingtheCantonesekindergartenatMeritChineseSchoolinPlano,Texas,formorethan10years.PoeputhertwosonsintheschoolsothattheycouldlearnaboutCantoneselanguageandculture.Now,sheishelpingotherfamiliesdothesame.8.WhataretheCantonesespeakersworriedabout?A.SurvivalofCantoneselanguageandculture.B.IncreasingsocialchangesinSanFrancisco.C.MoreandmoreMandarinspeakersworldwide.D.LessCantonesespeakersinSouthChina.9.HowdoesCeciPanghelptohandleCantoneselearninginLondon? A.Byvisitingandtalkingwithlocalfamilies.B.ByorganizinglanguageclassesforkidsC.ByreducingChinesecultureteachingatschoolsD.Byusingunlimitedonlineresources10.WhatisimpliedaboutCantoneselearningbothinChinaandtheU.S.?A.SanFranciscoisacitywiththemostCantoneselearnersB.Cantoneseislearntby90percentofthepopulationinChinaC.LearningresourcesandopportunitiesarelimitedintheU.S.D.TherearenoCantoneselearningprogramsinSanFrancisco11.Whichcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A.ImportancetoimproveCantoneselearningglobally.B.CurrentstatusofCantoneselearningoverseasC.AbriefintroductiontoCantoneselearninghistoryinU.S.D.DebatesbetweenCantoneseandMandarinlearning【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了海外学习粤语的现状和存在的问题。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Butnow,thereisfearthattheCantoneselanguageandculturemightnotsurvivepresentsocialchanges.(但现在，有人担心粤语和粤语文化可能无法在当前的社会变革中生存下来)”可知，说粤语的人在担心粤语和粤语文化的保存。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“CeciPangrunsclassesforchildrenatRainbowSeedsCantoneseSchoolinLondon.(CeciPang在伦敦彩虹种子粤语学校为孩子们开设课程)”可知，CeciPang为孩子们组织语言课程来帮助学生在伦敦学习粤语。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“InBritain,asintheU.S.,mostschoolsthatofferChineseusuallyteachMandarin.Asaresult,manyfamiliesarestrugglingtofindwaystopassontheirCantoneselanguageandculture.(在英国，和美国一样，大多数提供汉语的学校通常教授普通话。因此，许多家庭都在努力寻找方法来传承他们的粤语和文化。)”和最后一段“ItisadifferentstoryintheU.S.TheteachingofCantonesehasdecreasedsomewhat,includinginSanFrancisco,acitythathasdrawnmanyCantonesespeakersovertheyears.TheSanFranciscoschoolsystemhasCantoneseand Mandarinprogramsforyoungerstudents.Butinhighschool,MandarinistheonlyChineselanguageavailable.(美国的情况则不同。粤语教学有所减少，包括在旧金山，这座城市多年来吸引了许多讲粤语的人。旧金山的学校系统为低年级学生开设了粤语和普通话课程。但在高中，普通话是唯一可用的中文)”可推知，有关粤语，在美国，学习资源和机会是有限的。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Foryears,learningtospeakCantonesewasnotthathardinSanFrancisco.(多年来，在旧金山学广东话并不是那么难)”以及第二段“InBritain,asintheU.S.,mostschoolsthatofferChineseusuallyteachMandarin.Asaresult,manyfamiliesarestrugglingtofindwaystopassontheirCantoneselanguageandculture.(在英国，就像在美国一样，大多数提供中文课程的学校通常都教授普通话。因此，许多家庭都在努力寻找传承粤语和广东文化的方法)”结合文章主要说明了海外学习粤语的现状和存在的问题。可知，B选项“海外学习粤语的现状”最符合文章标题。故选B。DAreentrycapsule(太空舱)carryingthecrew——ChenDong,LiuYangandCaiXuzhe——toucheddownonEarthattheDongfengLandingSiteinnorthwesternChina’sGobiDesertafterflyingninehours.ThishasbecomethefirsttimethatChineseastronautshavereturnedtoEarthatnight,whichmeantlowtemperaturesandlowvisibility.ManytechnologiesweredevelopedtomakesuretheShenzhou-14crewedspaceshipwentbacksafely.Thetemperaturescanbetricky.Fromthemomentthespaceshipseparatedfromthespacestationonthewayhome,ithastostartitsownthermal(热的)controlsystemtokeepthetemperaturebetween17and25degrees,anidealconditionfortheastronauts.WhenthespaceshipentersEarth’atmosphere,itcancausetemperaturesofover1,000degreeCelsius,sotheshiphasaheatshieldonitsbottomtoprotectitselffromthehightemperature.Highefficientcommunicationisanotherpromiseofthesafereturn.ThegroundteamsincludingcontrolcenterinBeijing,landingsiteandrescueteamsusetheBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem.Therescuehelicoptersalsohaveasmartsystemtohelppredictthepathofthereentrycapsuleduringlanding.Whenthespaceshipis10kilometersabovetheground,thethreeparachutes(降落伞)willopenoneafteranother.Thesizeoftheparachuteswillexpandfromonlyseveralsquaremeterstoover1,000squaremeters,graduallyreducingthespaceshipspeedfrom200meterspersecondtoseven meterspersecond,whichprotectsastronautsfromgravityforceoverload.“It’slikewhenwe’redriving,weneedtoslowdowngradually,”saidRongWei,chiefdesignerofmannedspaceshipatthe5thAcademyofAerospaceScienceandTechnologyGroup,Atthesametime,theenginewillbereadyforasoftlanding.12.WhywasShenzhou-14spaceship’sreturningdifferentthanbefore?A.BecausethelandingsiteisintheDesert.B.BecausetherearelessastronautsinShenzhou-14.C.Becausethereturningtimewasputoff.D.Becauseitwascoldanddarkoutside.13.Whatdoweknowaboutthetemperaturechangeinthecapsule?A.Itwascontrolledtofitastronauts’condition.B.Itwasthehighestattheverybeginning.C.Itwenttothefrozenpointintheatmosphere.D.Itkeptdroppingbeforestartingthecontrolsystem.14.WhatisthepurposeofusingtheBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem?A.Todesignthebestlandingspot.B.Toassurethelocationofthecapsule.C.Tocontrolthetemperatureincapsule.D.Tosendordersfromthecapsule.15.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Howtheengineexpandedparachutes.B.Howthegravityforceinfluencedlanding.C.Howthelandingparachutesworked.D.Howastronautscontrolledthelanding.【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是新闻报道。根据中国载人航天工程办公室消息，北京时间2022年12月4日20时09分，神舟十四号载人飞船返回舱在东风着陆场成功着陆，现场医监医保人员确认航天员陈冬、刘洋、蔡旭哲身体状态良好，神舟十四号载人飞行任务取得圆满成功。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“ThishasbecomethefirsttimethatChineseastronautshavereturnedtoEarthatnight,whichmeantlowtemperaturesandlowvisibility.(这是中国宇航员第一次在夜间返回地球，这意味着低温和低能见度。)”可知，与以前不同的是因为这次着陆时外边又冷又 黑。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Fromthemomentthespaceshipseparatedfromthespacestationonthewayhome,ithastostartitsownthermal(热的)controlsystemtokeepthetemperaturebetween17and25degrees,anidealconditionfortheastronauts.WhenthespaceshipentersEarth’atmosphere,itcancausetemperaturesofover1,000degreeCelsius,sotheshiphasaheatshieldonitsbottomtoprotectitselffromthehightemperature.(从飞船在返回途中与空间站分离的那一刻起，它就必须启动自己的热控制系统，以保持温度在17-25度之间，这对于宇航员是理想的条件。当宇宙飞船进入地球大气层时，它会导致超过1000摄氏度的温度，所以飞船底部有一个隔热罩来保护自己不受高温的影响)”可知，太空舱里的温度是根据宇航员的情况进行控制的。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Highefficientcommunicationisanotherpromiseofthesafereturn.ThegroundteamsincludingcontrolcenterinBeijing,landingsiteandrescueteamsusetheBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem.(高效的沟通是安全归来的另一个保证。包括北京控制中心、着陆点和救援队在内的地面团队使用北斗卫星导航系统。)”可知，使用北斗卫星导航系统的目的的为了确保太空舱的位置。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Whenthespaceshipis10kilometersabovetheground,thethreeparachutes(降落伞)willopenoneafteranother.Thesizeoftheparachuteswillexpandfromonlyseveralsquaremeterstoover1,000squaremeters,graduallyreducingthespaceshipspeedfrom200meterspersecondtosevenmeterspersecond,whichprotectsastronautsfromgravityforceoverload.“It’slikewhenwe’redriving,weneedtoslowdowngradually,”saidRongWei,chiefdesignerofmannedspaceshipatthe5thAcademyofAerospaceScienceandTechnologyGroup,"Atthesametime.theenginewillbereadyforasoftlanding.(当飞船离地面10公里时，三个降落伞会相继打开。降落伞的尺寸将从几平方米扩大到1000平方米以上，飞船的速度将逐渐从每秒200米降低到每秒7米，这可以保护宇航员免受重力过载的影响。航天科技集团第五研究院载人飞船总设计师荣伟说:“这就像我们开车的时候，我们需要逐渐减速。”发动机将为软着陆做好准备。)”可知，本段讲述了着陆降落伞的工作方式，故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Cakesaremadebybakingamixtureofflour,sugar,eggs,andbutter.Theycomeinjustaboutanyflavoryoucanimagine—fromchocolateandlemontounusualflavorslikepumpkin.____16____Thissweettoppingalsocomesinjustaboutanyflavorimaginable.Weofteneatcakestocelebratebirthdays,weddings,andotherimportantevents.Allthistalkaboutcakehasbroughtmyattentiontoacommonexpression:tohaveyourcakeandeatittoo.____17____Oneiswheretwogoodthingshappenatthesametime.Forexample,afriendofminelovestoreadsoshegotajobatalibrary.Now,shereadsalldaylongandgetspaid!Ittalksabouthavingyourcakeandeatingittoo!____18____Here’sanexample:Myfriendisoverjoyedtohaveababy.Meanwhile,shehasagoodjobthatpayswell.Nowshehastoquitthejobandspendsmoretimewithhernewbabybyworkingfromhome.Wecansaythatsheishavinghercakeandeatingittoo!Now,hereisanotherexpressionofourcakeidiom:Youcan’thaveyourcakeandeatittoo.____19____Inthenegative,itmeansyoucannothavenordotwothingsatthesametime.Youmustdecidewhichoneyouwantbecauseyoucan’thaveboth.Forexample,let’ssayyourfriendiscomplainingabouttheamountoftaxeshepays.Butatthesametime,hecomplainsaboutthelackofservicesthecityprovides.Youcouldsaytohim,“Look,youcan’thaveyourcakeandeatittoo.”“Youcan’thaveyourcakeandeatittoo”alsomeansweshouldnottrytohavemorethanisreasonable.Inotherwords,youcan’tpossessthecakeandeatitatthesametime.Oncethecakeiseaten,itisgone.Inconclusion,astimegoesby,morechangesmightbeseen.____20____A.Betterservicescostmoney.B.Wedon’talwaysusethisidiomwisely.C.Donotforgetabouttheicingonthetop.D.Wecommonlyuseitinnegativesituations.E.Itispossiblethatidiomswouldexpandmoremeaningsinthefuture.F.Thisexpressioncanbeusedtodescribeacoupleofdifferentsituations.G.Wealsousetheidiomtodescribeasituationwheretwogoodthingshappenbutdon’texisttogether inthesamesituation.【答案】16.C17.F18.G19.D20.E【解析】【导语】本文议论文。文章探讨了“鱼和熊掌不可兼得”这个习语。【16题详解】上文“Cakesaremadebybakingamixtureofflour,sugar,eggs,andbutter.Theycomeinjustaboutanyflavoryoucanimagine—fromchocolateandlemontounusualflavorslikepumpkin.(蛋糕是用面粉、糖、鸡蛋和黄油的混合物烘烤而成的。它们几乎有你能想象到的任何口味——从巧克力、柠檬到南瓜等不同寻常的口味。)”讲述蛋糕是一种受欢迎的甜点，下文“Thissweettoppingalsocomesinjustaboutanyflavorimaginable.(这种甜的配料也有几乎你能想象到的任何口味。)”综述配料几乎可以适合任何口味，C项“别忘了还有糖霜。”符合语境，承接上文讲述蛋糕的配料。故选C。【17题详解】上文“Weofteneatcakestocelebratebirthdays,weddings,andotherimportantevents.Allthistalkaboutcakehasbroughtmyattentiontoacommonexpression:tohaveyourcakeandeatittoo.(我们经常吃蛋糕来庆祝生日、婚礼等重要活动。所有这些关于蛋糕的讨论让我注意到了一个常见的短语：tohaveyourcakeandeatittoo(两者兼得)。)”提到了短语“两者兼得”，F项“Thisexpression”呼应上文，因此推断F项“这个习语可以用来描述几种不同的情况。”符合语境，引出下文的解释。故选F。【18题详解】根据下文的举例“Here’sanexample:Myfriendisoverjoyedtohaveababy.Meanwhile,shehasagoodjobthatpayswell.Nowshehastoquitthejobandspendsmoretimewithhernewbabybyworkingfromhome.Wecansaythatsheishavinghercakeandeatingittoo!(这里有一个例子：我的朋友非常高兴有了一个孩子。同时，她有一份薪水不错的好工作。现在她不得不辞掉工作，在家工作，花更多的时间陪伴她刚出生的孩子。我们可以说她是鱼与熊掌兼得!)”讲述鱼和熊掌兼得的例子可知，本段讲述两者可以兼得，G项“我们也用这个习语来描述这样一种情况，即两件好事同时发生，但它们通常不会在同一种情况下共存。”符合语境。总括下文。故选G。【19题详解】上文“Now,hereisanotherexpressionofourcakeidiom:Youcan’thaveyourcakeandeatittoo. (这是“tohaveyourcakeandeatittoo”的另一种形式。你不能鱼和熊掌兼得)”讲述了这个习语的否定式，鱼和熊掌不可兼得，D项中的“innegativesituations”呼应上文的“Youcan’thaveyourcakeandeatittoo.”，和下文的“Inthenegative”，因此推断D项“我们也经常用其否定形式”符合语境，故选D。【20题详解】空处是最后一句，起总结作用，根据上文“Inconclusion,astimegoesby,morechangesmightbeseen.(总之，随着时间的推移，可能会看到更多的变化。)”可知，随着时间的推移，会有更多地变化，因此推断E项“习语在未来可能会扩展更多的含义。”符合语境。故选E。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Irecentlypostedthreevideosonshort-videoplatformBilibiliaboutmy____21____ofstayingandhelpingwithCOVID-19measuresinShanghai.Thevideos,hadreceived13.48million____22____byTuesday.Managingaround168residentsintheShanghaibuildingismysecond“leadershipexperience”sincetheseniormiddleschool,whenIhelpedteachers____23____Englishlessons.Mostoftheresidentsareolderthanmeandtheirlifeis____24____withworkorhousework.SoIsteppeduptoofferhelptothe____25____.Thefirstdayofmyvolunteerworkwas____26____,whichIremembereddealingwitheasily.I____27____residentsofthebuildingaboutthenucleicacidtests(核酸检测)theyneededtoget.Someresidentswerebusyworkingand____28____thetests,soIhadtoremindthemagainandagain.Theexperience____29____increasedmyabilitytosolveproblemsanddealwithdifferentpersonalities.Forexample,Ilearnedtocommunicatebetterwiththeneighborhoodaboutresidents’_____30_____.Meanwhile,Ireceivedmuchcomfortfromthem.OnceImissedlunchduringworkoneday,myneighborswho_____31_____thevideosbroughtmefreefoodthenextday.Theresidentsalso_____32_____goodsforthoseinneedandtookcareoftheelderlytogether.It’svaluabletolearnto_____33_____,insteadoftakingitforgrantedtoreceiveservices,andI’llcontinuetorecordkey_____34_____inmylifeonthesocialmediaplatform,whichshowthebeautyofhumannatureand_____35_____oftakingchallenges. 21.A.attentionB.experienceC.sufferingD.risk22.A.viewsB.servicesC.achievementsD.movements23.A.finishB.reportC.makeD.monitor24.A.busyB.familiarC.happyD.angry25.A.shopB.companyC.communityD.school26.A.difficultB.smoothC.adventurousD.dangerous27.A.warnedB.chargedC.informedD.cured28.A.absentforB.interestedinC.satisfiedwithD.disappointedat29.A.hopelesslyB.suddenlyC.commonlyD.gradually30.A.holidaysB.jobsC.demandsD.hobbies31.A.watchedB.ruinedC.countedD.started32.A.usedB.donatedC.storedD.sold33.A.approachB.teachC.giveD.entertain34.A.addressesB.worriesC.photosD.moments35.A.curiosityB.courageC.talentD.award【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.C28.A29.D30.C31.A32.B33.C34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己在疫情期间在上海的一个社区做志愿者的经历，作者把这些经历上传到了社交平台上，点击量很多。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最近在短视频平台Bilibili上发布了三段视频，讲述了我在上海逗留并帮助实施新冠肺炎疫情遏制措施的经历。A.attention注意；B.experience经验；经历；C.suffering痛苦；D.risk危险。根据前文“Irecentlypostedthreevideosonshort-videoplatformBilibili”和“ofstayingandhelpingwithCOVID-19measuresinShanghai”可知，上传到网上的短视频是讲述这段经历的。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些视频截至周二观看量已达到1348万。A.views观看；B.services 服务；C.achievements业绩；成就；D.movements运动。根据上文“Thevideos,hadreceived13.48million”并结合常识可知，此处表示观看点击量已到达1348万。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在上海的这栋大楼里管理大约168名居民，是我自从高中时帮助老师监督英语课之后的第二次“领导经验”。A.finish完成；B.report报告；C.make制作；D.monitor监控；监督。根据上文“Managingaround168residentsintheShanghaibuildingismysecond“leadershipexperience””可知，在高中时帮助英语老师监督管理课堂是作者的第一次领导经历。故选D。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数居民都比我大，他们的生活忙于工作或家务。A.busy忙碌的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.happy快乐的；D.angry生气的。根据下文“SoIsteppeduptoofferhelptothe____5____.”可知，居民们忙于工作和家务，作者给他们提供帮助。bebusywith“忙于做某事”。故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我站出来为社区提供帮助A.shop商店；B.company公司；C.community社区；D.school学校。根据上文“Managingaround168residentsintheShanghaibuildingismysecond“leadershipexperience””和下文“I____7____residentsofthebuildingaboutthenucleicacidtests(核酸检测)theyneededtoget.”可知，作者给社区提供帮助，管理居民核酸检测。故选C。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的志愿者工作的第一天很顺利，我记得我处理得很容易。A.difficult困难的；B.smooth光滑的；C.adventurous勇于冒险的；D.dangerous危险的。根据下文“Iremembereddealingwitheasily”可知，作者志愿者工作的第一天很顺利。故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告知大楼里的居民他们需要进行的核酸检测。A.warned警告；B.charged充电；C.informed告知；D.cured治愈。根据上文“Thefirstdayofmyvolunteerwork”可知，作者是志愿者，告知大楼里的居民做核酸检测。故选C。【28题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：一些居民忙着工作，缺席检测，所以我不得不一次又一次地催促他们。A.absentfor缺席；B.interestedin对……感兴趣；C.satisfiedwith对……满意；D. disappointedat对……失望。根据上文“Someresidentswerebusyworking”可知，一些居民工作忙，缺席检测。故选A。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这段经历逐渐增强了我解决问题和处理不同的个性的能力。A.hopelessly绝望地；B.suddenly突然；C.commonly通常地；D.gradually逐渐地。根据下文“increasedmyabilitytosolveproblemsanddealwithdifferentpersonalities”并结合常识可知，解决问题处理不同个性的能力是逐渐提高的。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，我学会了更好地与社区沟通居民需求。A.holidays假期；B.jobs工作；C.demands要求；D.hobbies习惯。根据上文“Managingaround168residentsintheShanghaibuildingismysecond“leadershipexperience””可知，作者在社区做志愿者工作，需要与社区沟通居民的要求。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：曾经我上班一天没吃午饭，看了视频的邻居第二天就给我送了免费食物。A.watched看；观察；B.ruined毁坏；C.counted数数；D.started开始。根据上文“OnceImissedlunchduringworkoneday”和下文“broughtmefreefoodthenextday”可推断，居民从视频中看到了作者没有吃午饭，给作者送来了食物。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：居民们还为有困难的人捐赠物品，并一起照顾老人。A.used使用；B.donated捐献；C.stored保存；D.sold卖；销售。根据下文“goodsforthoseinneedandtookcareoftheelderlytogether”可推断，居民们也捐赠物资给有困难的人。故选B。33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：学会给予而不是理所当然地接受服务是很有价值的，我会继续在社交媒体平台上记录我生活中的关键时刻，这些时刻展现了人性的美和接受挑战的勇气。A.approach接近；靠近；B.teach教；C.give给予；D.entertain使快乐。根据上文“helpingwithCOVID-19measuresinShanghai”可知，作者在社区做志愿者，学会了给予奉献的价值。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.addresses地址；B.worries担心；C.photos照片；D.moments时刻。根据上文的“record”和下文的“onthesocialmediaplatform”以及“showthebeautyof humannature”可推断，作者在社交平台上记录生活中的关键时刻。故选D。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：学会给予是很有价值的，而不是理所当然地接受服务，我会继续在社交媒体平台上记录我生活中的关键时刻，这些时刻展现了人性的美和接受挑战的勇气。A.curiosity好奇心；B.courage勇气；C.talent天赋；才能；D.award奖品。根据上文的“Someresidentswerebusyworkingand____8____thetests,soIhadtoremindthemagainandagain.”以及上文讲述的经历可推断，此处说的是接受挑战的能力。故选B。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空自处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Homeshouldbeaplace____36____peoplefeelsafeandcomfortable.Keepingharmonyathomeisimportantforthewell-beingofanindividual,acoupleandtheirchildren,andeventhewholesociety.Butmanyarebeingtroubledbyfamilyproblemsbecauseofthelackofasenseoffamily____37____(responsible).Everyone____38____(have)certainrolestotakeoninhisorherfamily.Parents____39____(expect)toensuretheirchildrenarewell-caredandwell-educated,helpingthembuildastrongbodyandgreatcharacters.Collegestudentsalsoneedtobehaveas____40____(adult).Beingindependentofparentsasearlyaspossiblecanreduce____41____(they)financialburden.Learningtoperformwellcanpreventusfrom____42____(become)asourceofworrytothem.Doingourdutytothebestofourabilitiesallowsthem____43____(enjoy)lifeinmidlifeyears,orafterretirement.____44____(brief),asenseofresponsibilityamongfamilymembersisaprerequisiteforawarmandlovingfamily.Oftenfarawayfromhome,wemaystartbykeepingincontactwithourparentsas_____45_____meansofshowingthatweareapartofthefamily.【答案】36.where37.responsibility38.has39.areexpected40.adults41.their42.becoming43.toenjoy44.Briefly45.a 【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了家的意义以及每个人在家庭中的角色和责任。【36题详解】考查定语从句。句意：家应该是一个让人感到安全和舒适的地方。定语从句修饰先行词place，从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：但许多人因为缺乏家庭责任感而被家庭问题所困扰。作宾语，应用名词responsibility。故填responsibility。【38题详解】考查主谓一致。句意：每个人在他或她的家庭中都有一定的角色。陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Everyone，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has。【39题详解】考查固定短语。句意：父母应该确保他们的孩子受到良好的照顾和教育，帮助他们建立强壮的身体和伟大的性格。短语beexpectedtodosth.，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语用复数。故填areexpected。【40题详解】考查名词的数。句意：大学生也需要表现得像成年人一样。adult为可数名词，前文没有冠词，故用复数形式表示泛指。故填adults。【41题详解】考查代词。句意：尽早独立于父母可以减轻他们的经济负担。修饰名词burden应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学会表现好可以防止我们成为他们担心的来源。preventsbfromdoingsth，意为“阻止某人做某事”，become与其逻辑主语us之间是主动关系，应用动名词形式作宾语。故填becoming。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽我们最大的能力履行我们的职责，让他们在中年或退休后享受生活。短语allowsb.todosth.表示“允许某人做某事”。故填toenjoy。【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：简而言之，家庭成员之间的责任感是一个温暖充满爱的家庭的先决条件。修饰后文句子应用副词briefly，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Briefly。【45题详解】考查冠词。句意：通常在离家很远的地方，我们可能会从与父母保持联系开始，以此表明我们是家庭的一员。表示泛指用不定冠词，结合短语ameansof表示“……一种方式”。故填a。第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假如你是李华,受学校学生会的委托,围绕“从小事做起,合力战病毒”这一主题,为校广播站写一篇倡议书进行宣传。内容包括：1.倡议的目的：2.倡议的具体内容；3.表达期望。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。参考词汇：病毒virusProposalDearfellowstudents,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents’Union【答案】Dearfellowstudents,Withtheintentiontoeasevirussituation,TheStudents’Unionstronglycallonallstudentstodoasfollows.Firstandforemost,wearmaskswhenevernecessary.Thisisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoprotectusfromthedisease.Also,we’dbetteravoidgoingtocrowdedplaces,whichwilldefinitely increaserisksofbeinginfected.Mostimportantly,weshouldstrengthenourhealththroughregularexercise.Astrongbodyandhealthydailyroutinearecertaintoimproveourabilityagainstthevirus.Onlyifweuniteandworkasone,thefinalvictorywillcometoussoon.TheStudents’Union【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假如你是李华,受学校学生会的委托,围绕“从小事做起,合力战病毒”这一主题,为校广播站写一篇倡议书进行宣传。【详解】1.词汇积累目的是：withtheintentiontodo→withtheaimtodo首要的：firstandforemost→aboveall加强：strengthen→buildup提高：improve→enhance2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Thisisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoprotectusfromthedisease.拓展句：Thisisoneofthemosteffectivewaysinwhichweprotectourselvesfromthedisease.【点睛】【高分句型1】Also,we’dbetteravoidgoingtocrowdedplaces,whichwilldefinitelyincreaserisksofbeinginfected.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Onlyifweuniteandworkasone,thefinalvictorywillcometoussoon.（运用了onlyif引导的条件状语从句）第二节：读后续写(满分25分)47.阅读下面的材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。After22yearsofmarriage,Ihavediscoveredthesecrettokeeplovealiveinmyrelationshipwithmywife,Peggy.Istarteddatingwithanotherwoman.ItwasPeggy’sidea.Onedayshesaidtome,“Lifeistooshort,youneedtospendtimewiththepeopleyoulove.Youprobablywon’tbelieveme,butIknowyouloveherandIthinkthatifthetwoofyouspendmoretimetogether,itwillmakeuscloser.”The“other”womanmywifewasencouragingmetodateismymother,a72-year-oldwidowwhohaslivedalonesincemyfatherdied20yearsago.Rightafterhisdeath,Imoved2,500milesawaytoCaliforniaandstartedmyownlifeandcareer.WhenImovedbacknearmyhometownsixyearsago,I promisedmyselfthatIwouldspendmoretimewithMom.Butwiththedemandsofmyjobandthreekids,Inevergotaroundtoseeinghermuchbeyondfamilyget-togethersandholidays.MomwassurprisedwhenIcalledandsuggestedthetwoofusgoouttodinner.“What’swrong?”sheasked.“Ithoughtitwouldbenicetospendsometimewithyou,”Isaid.“Justthetwoofus.”“Iwouldlikethatalot,”shesaid.WhenIpulledintoherdriveway,shewaswaitingbythedoorwithhercoaton.Herhairwascurled,andshewassmiling.“ItoldmyfriendsIwasgoingoutwithmyson,andtheywereallimpressed.Theycan’twaittohearaboutourevening,”Momsaid.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右;2.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好：Para1:Minuteslater,wearrivedatarestaurantintheneighborhood.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Para2:“Howwasyourdate?”PeggyaskedwhenIgothome.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】参考范文：Minuteslater,wearrivedatarestaurantintheneighborhood.SinceMom’seyescouldonlyseelargeshapesandshadows,Ihadtoreadthemenuforbothofus.“Itistimetoletmereturnthefavor,”Isaid.Wehadanicetalkoverdinner,catchinguponeachother’slives.Wehadbeentalkingforso longuntiltherestaurantclosed.“I’llgooutwithyouagain,”mymothersaidpleasantlyasIdroppedheroff.KissinggoodbyewithMom,Idrovehomelater.“Howwasyourdate?”PeggyaskedwhenIgothome.“Nice…nicerthanIthoughtitwouldbe,”Isaid.IhuggedPeggytightly,whispering“Thankyou,darling.Youtaughtmetheimportanceoffamilybond.”Peggysmiledandreplied,“Yes,asyourwife,IamwillingtoexpectyourmoredateswithMom,forIloveyou.”Peggywasright.Datinganotherwomanhashelpedmymarriage.【解析】【导语】本文以故事情节发展为线索。讲述了作者在步入婚姻二十二年后发现，让爱保持活力的秘密。在妻子的提议下，作者决定邀请他生命另外一个重要的女人——他的母亲——一起共进晚餐看，用更多的时间去陪伴他母亲，了解父母过去的故事，感谢对母亲对自己的养育之恩的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“几分钟后，我们来到了附近的一家餐馆。”可知，第一段可描写作者和母亲一起在餐厅吃饭的场景、经过。②由第二段首句内容“‘你的约会怎么样？’我回家后佩吉问道。”可知，第二段可描写作者回家后，和妻子分享自己与母亲的约会。2.续写线索：妻子提议作者和母亲约会——前去邀请母亲外出——与母亲共进晚餐——送母亲回家——与妻子聊天——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①.拥抱：hugsb.tightly/givesb.abighug②.低语：whisper/murmur情绪类①.开心地：pleasantly/happily②.乐意做某事：bewillingtodo/begladtodo【点睛】[高分句型1].Wehadbeentalkingforsolonguntiltherestaurantclosed.(由从属连词until引导的时间状语从句)[高分句型2].SpendingthisnightwithMomisthemostpleasanttimeIhaveeverhadinthepastyears.(由省略的关系代词that引导限制性定语从句)听力答案：1—5CCABC6—10BACAB11—15BBCBB16—20AACAB