山东省济宁市泗水一中2022学年高二英语下学期期中试题新人教版

泗水一中2022-2022学年高二下学期期中检测英语第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小脱.从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Sheisgoingtohavelunchwiththeman.B.She’dliketohavelunchwithBill.C.Sheisgoingtomakemanyphonecall2.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.ThemanwenttoNewZealandduringChristmas.B.ThemanwasathomeduringChristmas.C.Theman’sparentsliveinNewZealand.3.Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A.Thewoman’sshoes.B.Thewoman’shusband.C.Thewoman’sshoesstore.4.Whatarethetwospeakersgoingtodo?A.Checktheweather.B.Goswimming.C.Takeawalk.5.WhereisJocelyngoing?A.ToEngland.B.ToAmerican.C.ToFrance.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟:听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话读两遍。听第6段材料.回答第6.7.8题。6.Whichdoesthewomandislike?A.Fishing.B.Swimming.C.Sailing.7.Wheredothetwospeakersintendtostay?A.Inabighotel.B.Inasmallhouse.C.Inacabin.8.Whatdoweknowaboutthetwospeakers?A.Theyaretalkingabouthobbies.B.Theybothenjoybeaches.C.Theyareatthebeachnow.听第7段材料.回答第9.10.11题。9.Whatdoestheboywanttodo?A.Dohishomework.B.GooutwithTom.C.Helphismother.10.Whenmusttheboycomeback?A.Before6:00pm.B.Before7:00pm.C.Before8:00pm.11.Whatdidwomanasktheboytotakeout?A.Abackpack.B.Arubbishbag.C.Aheavybag.12\n听第8段材料.回答第12.13.14题。12.Whenisthemanfreethesedays?A.Attheweekends.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.13.Howoftenthewomanpracticewithherband?A.Onceaweek.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.14.Whatdothetwospeakershaveincommon?A.Theyarebothverybusy.B.Theybothhavefreetime.C.Theyaretalkingabouttraininginmusic.听第9段材料.回答第14.15.16题。15.Whatisincludedintherent?A.Gasandwater.B.Electricityandwater.C.Gasandelectricity.16.Howmuchisthedeposit(定金)?A.400dollar.B.550dollar.C.950dollar.17.Whatkindofanimalisallowedintheapartment?A.Dogs.B.Birds.C.Cats.听第10段材料.回答第18.19.20题。18.Whatdidpeoplehavetodowhentheywerephotographedwithearlycameras?A.Theyhadtohelptocarrythemachine.B.Theylookedunnaturalinthepicture.C.Theyhadtoremainstillforquitelong.19.Whatwasthemostimportantchangeinfilmsintheearly1920s?A.Soundwasadded.B.Lightwasshonethroughthefilm.C.Colorwasintroducedtothepicture.20.Whatpointdoesthespeakerwanttomake?A.Modernpeopledependtoomuchonmachines.B.Machinesarethemostimportantthinginourlife.C.Thedevelopmentofmachineshasmadeourlifedifferent.第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节：单项填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）21.____mostefficientwaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsistogain____goodknowledgeofbasicwordinformation.A.A;a.B.The;/C.A;/D.The;the22.Agoodhusbandmustknowhowto____hisideastohiswife.A.contributeB.consultC.comfortD.convey23.Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethatourbusinesshasshowna(n)____toimprove.A.directionB.tendencyC.aspectD.effect24.I’mnot____togettingupsoearlyafterthevacation.A.accustomedB.appropriateC.ashamedD.average25.Havingwalkedinthedesertforseveraldays,wefeltexhausted,butwehadtofindapoolbeforewaterinthebottle____.A.ranoutofB.ranawayC.ranoutD.ranoff12\n26.IthinktheanswerisrightbutI’mnot____sureaboutit.A.exactlyB.absolutelyC.particularlyD.eventually27.HadIlearntEnglishwell,I____interviewforthejobtomorrow.A.wouldtakeB.wouldhavetakenC.musttakeD.couldbetaken28.MypenismissingIcan’tfind____anywhere.A.oneB.thisC.thatD.it39.ItwaslastOctober____theyfinallycamebacktotheirhometown.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.until30.____severaltimes,theyoungscientiststillkeptondoinghisexperiments.A.HavingfailedB.HavingbeenfailedC.FailedD.Tofail31.Wewere____togooutforacamp____itbegantorain.A.hardly;thanB.around;asC.about;whenD.nearly;while32.____,hedoesnotknowtheanswer.A.AsheisateacherB.AsheisteacherC.AteacherasheisD.Teacherasheis33.____heworkshard,Idon’tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.A.AssoonasB.EventhoughC.SolongasD.Sofaras34.Thenewshasspreadalloverthecountry____thespaceshipsucceededinreturningtotheearth.A.whichB.thatC.whetherD.what35.––I’msorrytohavebrokenyourpen.Iwasn’tonpurpose.––_______.I’vegotanotherone.A.Goahead.B.Forgetit.C.Comeon.D.Takeyourtime.第二节：完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36~55各题所给的四个选项(A．B．C和D中，选出最佳选项。   Scientistsfindthathard-workingpeoplelivelongerthanaveragemenandwomen.Careerwomenare__36___thanhousewives．Evidenceshowsthat __37_ areinpoorerhealththanthejob-holders．Astudyshowsthat_38___theunemploymentrateincreasesby1%，thedeathratein-creasescorrespondinglyby2%．Allthiscomesdowntoonepoint：Workishelpfultohealth． Whyisworkgoodforhealth?Itisbecausework ___39_   peoplebusy,  _40__lonelinessand solitude.Researchesshowthatpeoplefeelunhappy，_41__andlonelywhentheyhavenothingtodo．Instead，thehappiestarethosewhoare  _42___．Manyhighachieverswholovetheircareersfeelthattheyarehappiestwhentheyareworkinghard.Workservesas __43___ betweenmanandreality．Bywork，people_44__eachother．Bycollectiveactivity，theyfindfriendshipandwarmth．Thisishelpfultohealth．Thelossofwork __45__ thelossofeverything．Itaffectsmanspirituallyand __46_ himliabletodisease．12\n __47__，workgivesoneasenseoffulfillmentandasenseof_48__．Workmakesonefeelhisvalueandstatusinsociety．When __49__finisheshiswritingoradoctorsuccessfully __50__ apatientorateacherseeshisstudents __51_，theyarehappy ___52__．Fromtheabovewecan __53__ totheconclusionthatthemoreyouwork, _54___andhealthieryouwillbe．Letusworkhard，studywelland __55__ ahappyandhealthylife．36．A．richer       B．weaker    C． healthier     D．wors37．A．theold     B．thebusy     C．thehard-working       D．thejobless  38．A．whether  B．whenever       C．though         D．since39．A．forces     B．keeps       C．needs          D．require40．A．awayfrom  B．inlackof     C．intouchwith   Dinchargeof 41．A．worried  B．joyful        C．concerned      D．interested 42．A．free    B．busy           C．lazy          D．dull43．A．abridgeB．agap         C．achannel       D．aguard 44．A．comeacross    B．lookdownuponC．comeintocontactwith  D．watchover45．A．stands  B．means     C．helps    D．matches46．A．makes     B．orders         C．finds      D．forces47．A．Then  B ．Besides         C．However    D．Yet48．A．disappointment B． regret C． achievement  D．apology49．A．aworker        B．afarmer        C．amanager   D．awriter50．A．makesfriendswith B．hasatalk     C．dealswith D．operateson 51．A．raise          B．rise        C．grow      D．increase52．A ．beyondwords B．withoutaword  C．ataword  D．inaword53．A． reach     B． come      C．arrive   D．draw54．A． thehappier  B．theweaker    C．thestronger   D．thelonelier12\n55．A． make   B． lead      C．earn       D．share第三部分：阅读理解（每小题2分，共计40分）第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheChineseword“Shanzhai”meansasmallmountainvillage,butnowitbecomesanacceptednameforfakes(假货),after“ShanzhaiCell-phones”producedbysmallworkshopsinsouthernChinabecamepopularinthemainlandmarketoverthepasttwoyears.Besides“Shanzhai”electronicproducts,thereare“Shanzhai”movies,“Shanzhai”starsandevena“Shanzhai”SpringFestivalGala(联欢晚会),acopyofthe25-year-oldtraditionalshowpresentedbyCCTVonChineseLunarNewYear’sEve.“Shanzhai”hasbecomeacultureofitsown,meaninganythingthatimitatessomethingfamous.InChongqing,“Shanzhai”version“Bird’sNest”and“WaterCube”wovenbyfarmerswithbambooattractwideattentionfromtourists.BotharecopiesofthefamousOlympicbuildingsinBeijing.Aliteraturecriticsaidthattakingthe“Shanzhai”Galaasanexample,whenthetraditionalCCTVprogrambecomeslessandlessattractivetotheaudience,the“Shanzhai”versionappearstimelytoattractpeople.“Althoughitisoftenconnectedwithpoortechniquesandoperation,‘Shanzhai’culturemeetsthepsychologicalneedsofcommonpeopleandcouldbeacomforttotheirminds,”hesaid.Tothemainstream(主流的)culture,theriseof“Shanzhai”cultureisachallengeandamotivation(动力).Peoplebelievedifferentkindsofculturesdevelopingtogetherisaperfectsituationanditisforthepublictochoose.56.TheChineseword“Shanzhai”mayhavestartedwith______.A.SpringFestivalGalaB.electronicproductsC.fakecell-phonesD.Olympicbuildings57.Accordingtothepassage,“Shanzhai”culturerefersto______.A.theactionthatapersonimitatesfamouspeopleB.productswithpoortechniquesandqualityC.thosesimilarnamestofamousbrandsD.anythingthatimitatessomethingfamous58.Wecaninferthatthemainstreamculture______.A.maydevelopfasterbecauseofthechallengeof“Shanzhai”cultureB.isthechallengeof“Shanzhai”cultureC.willbereplacedby“Shanzhai”cultureD.isheldbackby“Shanzhai”cultureBABookReview—TheSnake-StonebyBerlieDohertyThesetting:UrbanEngland(thecities),butalsoruralEngland(thecountryside)12\nincludingremoteEnglishvillages.Thetheme:Themainthemeisateenagesearchofself-discovery,inthiscasethesearchforamotherfromwhomtheherowasseparatedatanearlyage.Itsotherconcernsarelove,gettingonwithothers,beingpersistentandcourageousandtryingtodealwithdoubts,troublesandworries.Asthebookmovestoaclose,James'swimmingcoachsaystohim:"Youarenotlikeakidobeyinginstructionsanymore.Youaredivinglikeayoungmanwhoknowswhereheisgoing."Thecharacters:Jamesistheheroofthestory.Heisachampionshipdiver,andhasacomfortablelifewithhisfosterparents(养父母).Yethealsohasthequalitiestotakehimonalongjourneytofindhisbirthmother.TheothercharactersinTheSnake-Stone,James'parents,hisdivinginstructor,bestfriend,thevillagers,peoplehemeetsonhisjourney,arepicturedrealistically.Theturningpoint:TheturningpointinthestorycomeswhileJames'fosterparentsareawayinLondon,andhewondersabouttheidentityofhisbirthmother.Theonlycluehehasisafossil,"thesnakestone"whichsheleftbehindalongwithanoteonwhichshehadwritten:"TakegoodcareofSammie.Itwaswrittenonatornenvelopewithpartsofanaddressstillthere.Thejourney:InsteadofgoingtoLondon,Jamesdecidestofindhisbirthmother.Withhelpfromhisgeographyteacher,Jamessetsoutfortheremotecountryvillagewherehismothermightbefound.Jameshaspainful,challenging,butalsohumorousandhappytravels.Themotherhefinallymeets,Anne,hasaminoryetpowerfulvoiceinthenovel.Hecomestounderstandwhyshelefthimatastranger'sdoorfifteenyearsbefore.Althoughthemeetingisnotlong,itleaveshimwithafeelingofcompleteness.Asajourneyofself-discoveryTheSnake-Stonealsoprovidesitsreaderswithahappyending.Itsherosays,onreturningtohisfosterparents,"Iwashome."59.Whatisthemainthemeofthenovel?A.Lifewithfosterparents.B.Lifeintheworldofdiving.C.Ajourneyofself-discovery.D.Atravelaroundthecountry.60.Whatdothecoach'swordsinPara.2suggest?A.Jamesisasuccessfuldiver.B.Jamesisahopefulswimmer.C.Jamesisanoutgoingyoungman.D.Jamesisanindependentyoungman.61.Thesnakestoneinthenovelis____________.A.astonewithanaddressonitB.aclueleftbythebirthmotherC.agiftfromtheswimmingcoachD.afossilleftbythefosterparents62.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthenovel?A.Thestoryhasasadending.B.ThestorytakesplaceinthecityofLondon.C.Thecharactersarevividlydescribed.D.Theturningpointcomesaftertheheromeetshisbirthmother.CBrightonisinthecountyofEastSussex,ontheSouthcoastofEngland.SituatedbetweentheEnglishChannelandtheSouthDowns,Brightonis90kmfromLondon.Brighton'snearbyneighbor,Hove,isseenbysomeasamoredesirablelocationthan12\nBrightonanditisoftenreferredtobylocalsas"Hove,actually".Brightonisasmallcitybutthere'sprobablyasmuchgoingonhereasanywhereinthecountryexceptLondon.Brightonhasnumerousentertainmentfacilities,whichadditionallyserveaconsiderablebusinessconferenceindustry.There'sahugerangeofentertainmentvenues,includingcomedyattheBrightonKomedia,worldmusic,operaandballetattheBrightonDome,jazzattheJoogleberry,topstarsattheBrightonCentreandpre-WestEndshowsattheTheatreRoyal.ThelivemusicsceneisalsoaliveandwellwithseveralbandsoriginatingfromtheBrightonareagoingontohavecommercialsuccessinrecentyears.EveryyearinMay,Brightonhoststhe"BrightonFestival"------thelargestartsfestivalinEngland.Brighton'stheatres,concerthalls,streetsandsomeofthecity'smostextraordinaryvenueshostanarrayofart,entertainmentandextravaganza(盛大表演).Theearliestfeatureofthefestival,"OpenHouses"------homesofartistsandcraftspeople,openeduptothepublicasgalleriesandusuallyselltheworksoftheinhabitantsandtheirfriends.Studentsatthetwouniversitiesintheareagivethecityayouthfulvitality(活力),andinthesummer,thousandsofyoungstudentsfromalloverEuropegatherinthecitytoattendlanguagecourses.Inadditiontotheusualcoastalattractions,vacationersaredrawntothecity'sGeorgianarchitecture,trendyshops,andfinerestaurants.PointsofinterestalsoincludetheEdwardianPrestonManor,theornateRoyalPavilion,theengagingSeaLifeCenter,andavarietyofmuseumsandartgalleries.63.What'stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceBrightontothereaders.B.ToattractforeignstudentstostudyinBrighton.C.ToshowhisadmirationforthecityofBrighton.D.TolistentertainmentsinBrighton.64.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellus?A.Thetermof"Hove"B.ThesituationofBrighton.C.ThecountyofEastSussex.D.ThedistancebetweenBrightonandLondon.65.Accordingtothepassage，wherecanyougoifyouenjoywatchingopera?A.BrightonKomedia.B.Joogleberry.C.TheatreRoyal.D.BrightonDome.66.WhydopeopleinBrightonhaveagoodtimeinMayeveryyear?A.Becausetheycanenjoyallkindsofmusicplayedbytopartists.B.BecausetopstarsfromtheworldwillgotoPerformthere.C.BecausethelargestartsfestivalinEnglandisheldthere.D.BecausethelocalpeoplecanappreciateworksintheOpenHouses.D12\nAllovertheworld,andformanydifferentreasons,therearemillionsofpeoplewhorarelyornevereatmeat.Thesepeoplearecalledvegetarians.Topeoplewhoeatmeat,beingavegetarianmayseemlikeaverystrangething,dietsforseveraldifferentreasons.First,vegetarianshaveanenormoushealthadvantage.Oneofthemajorhealthproblemsinmodernsocietiesisnottoomuchproteinbuttoomuchfat,especiallyintheformofanimalfats.Medicalevidencesuggeststhatanimalfats,includingbutter,contributetothedevelopmentofcholesterolinthehumanbody.Highamountofcholesterolseemtobepartofthecauseofheartdisease.Mostvegetarianshavelowlevelofcholesterol.Highamountsofanimalfatsalsoseemtoleadtocertainkindsofcancer,andvegetariansaretypicallylessvulnerabletothesecancersthanpeoplewhoeatalotofmeat.Overall,studiescomparingthehealthofvegetariansandmeat-eatersshowthatthemeat-eatersaretwiceaslikelytodieofheartdiseaseasvegetariansare.Betterhealthisonereasonthatpeoplechoosetobecomevegetarians.Anotherreasonisreligion.Somereligionsforbidtheeatingofmeat.ThelargestoftheseistheHindureligion,whichhasabout600millionbelieversintheworld.AlthoughnotallHindusarevegetarian,manyare,andtherearemanybelieversofotherreligionssuchBuddhismandevensomeChristianreligionsthatalsodonoteatmeat.Manyvegetariansdonoteatmeatsimplybecausetheydonotlikethetasteofit.Theyhavenoreligiousorphilosophicalreasons;theyjustdonotlikemeat.Anotherimportantreasonthatvegetariansgivefornoteatingmeatisthehealthadvantagesthatweregivenabove.Lastly,therearemanypeoplewhodonoteatmeatbecausetheyjustdonotliketheideaofkillinganimalsforfood.Theybelievethatlife,alllife,isvaluable,andthatwedonothavetodestroylifetofeedourselveswhenthereareothergoodsourcesoffood.67.Accordingtothepassage,peoplechoosetobevegetariansforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT________.A.theywanttostayhealthyB.theyaretookindtoputtheideaofkillinganimals12\nC.theyliveinareaswheremeatsupplyisnotadequateD.theyshouldnoteatmeatduetotheirreligiousbelief68.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph2?A.Vegetariansenjoyamorehealthylifethanthemeateaters.B.Heartdiseaseandcancerarecausedbylargeamountsofprotein.C.Therearetwiceasmanymeat-eatersasvegetarianswhodieofcancer.D.Therearelesshealthproblemsinmodernsocietyduetoadvancedmedicalcare.69.Whatdoes“vulnerable”meaninParagraph2?A.Havinglowlevelofcholesterol.B.Havinghighlevelofcholesterol.C.Havingweakabilitytoresistdiseasesandharms.D.Havingstrongabilitytoresistdiseaseandharms.70.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat__________.A.beingavegetarianmaybeaverystrangethingB.vegetarianseatmeatonsomespecialoccasionsC.allvegetarianshavereasonsfortheirnoteatingmeatD.mostvegetariansbelievethatlifewithoutmeatishappy.第二节根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将答案填入相应的题号下。选项中有两项为多余选项。—Hello!IsthatMr.Clark?ThisisLiuWhenspeaking.—Hello!Mr.Liu.CanIhelpyou?—I’monmywaytoyourhousenow,butIhavelostmyway.—71Whereareyounow,Mr.Liu?—Idon’tknowexactly.IthinkI’msomewhereonDongAnRoad.72—AbookstoreonDongAnRoad.73—Yes,itis.AndIcanseearestaurantattheothercorner.—NowI’malmostsurewhereyouare.Youturnedatthesecondcorner.Youshouldhaveturnedatthefirstcornerfromtherailwaystation.—Isthatso?74—Thereyou’llfindaone-waytrafficsign.That’swhereyouhavetoturntothe12\nleft,thereisasix-storyhouse.Myroomisonthethirdfloor.—I’msureIwon’thaveanytroublethistime.Thanks.—75A.ThenI’llgobacktothefirstcorner.B.Seeyoutomorrow.C.Areyoutiredandhungry?D.That’stoobad.E.I’mcallingyoufromabookstore.F.I’llbewaitingforyou.G.It’satacorner,isn’tit?第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。AsaboygrownupinIndia,Ihadlongedtotravelingabroad.IusedtolistentothestoriesmyfathertoldmeaboutherstayinCanadaandtripstoEuropein1970s.Mybigmomentfinallycomeinthesummerof1998whenIwasabletoaccompanymyparentstoEurope,wheremyfatherwastoattendforameeting.TheserviceduringtheflighttoFrankfurtwassuchnicethateventodayIcanstillrememberthem.Theflightwasreallysmoothandthoroughenjoyable,evenforsomeoneasme,whoisotherwisescaredofflying.第二节书面写作（25分）假设你叫李明，你有一位英国网友名叫Tom，他听说过中国的故宫，但知之不多，于是给你发来了e-mail,请你向他介绍一下有关故宫的情况。请你根据下面提供的一些要点给他回一封100词左右的电子邮件：1.故宫(thePalaceMuseum)又叫紫禁城(theForbiddenCity)。它于1407年开始修建，20万人花了14年的时间，于1420年建成。2.它所有的宫殿一共有9999个房间。在中国，9这个数字传统地被认为是吉祥的(lucky)。3.现在，每周星期二，故宫免费向中国学生开放。4.故宫有着中国历史上5000多年的珍宝(precioustreasure)。请他亲自来看一看。DearTom,_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12\nBestwishes.Yours,LiMing参考答案:1-5CAACB6-10ACBBC11-15BCBAC16-20ABCAC21-25ADBAC26-30BADBA31-35CDCBB36-40CDBBA41-45ABACB46-50ABCDD51-55CABAB56-58CDA59-62CDBC63-66ABDC67-70CACD71-75DEGAF改错AsaboygrownupinIndia，Ihadlongedtotravelingabroad.IusedtolistentothestoriesmygrowingtravelfathertoldmeaboutherstayinCanadaandtripstoEuropein∧1970s.Mybigmomentfinallyhisthecomeinthesummerof1998whenIwasabletoaccompanymyparentstoEurope,wheremycamefatherwastoattendforameeting.TheserviceduringtheflighttoFrankfurtwassuchnicethatsoeventodayIcanstillrememberthem.Theflightwasreallysmoothandthoroughenjoyable，evenitthoroughlysomeoneasme,whoisotherwisescaredofflying.like作文示例:DearTom,12\nItisnicetoreceiveyoure-mail.NowI’dliketotellyousomethingaboutthePalaceMuseum.ThePalaceMuseumisalsocalledtheForbiddenCity.Ittook200000workersmorethan14yearstobuildit.TheForbiddenCitywasfinishedin1420.Asthelargestmuseumintheworld,thePalaceMuseumholdsculturalprecioustreasuresfromthepast5000yearsofChinesehistory.TheCity’spalaceshave9999roomsaltogether.Chinesepeopletraditionallyhavethoughtofnineasaluckynumber.StudentsfromalloverChinacannowvisititingroupsfreeofchargeeveryTuesday.Themuseumisunderreconstruction.IhopeyoucancometoChinaandtakealookatthismuseumwithyourowneyes.Bestwishes.Yours,LiMing12