广东省2022年上学期惠州市高三英语第一次调研考试试题

广东省2022年上学期惠州市高三英语第一次调研考试试题本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷。试卷共8页，卷面满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号等相关信息填写在答题卡上。2.选择题的作答：选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。第I卷第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ADrAlmeidaleftschoolat16withlittleformaleducationbutgotajobasalaboratorytechnicianinhistopathology(组织病理学)atGlasgowRoyalInfirmary.LatershemovedtoLondontofurtherhercareerandin1954marriedEnriquesAlmeida,anartist.ThecoupleandtheiryoungdaughtermovedtoTorontoinCanadaanditwasattheOntarioCancerInstitutethatDrAlmeidadevelopedheroutstandingskillswithanelectronmicroscope.Shepioneeredamethodwhichbettervisualized(成像)virusesbyusingantibodiestogatherthem.HertalentswererecognizedintheUKandshewasinvitedtoworkatStThomas’sHospitalMedicalSchoolinLondon.12/12Onherreturn,shebegantocooperatewithDrDavidTyrrell.DrTyrrellandhisteamwereabletogrowquiteafewcommoncold-associatedviruses.Onesample,knownasB814,wasdiscoveredin1960.Theyfoundthattheywereabletotransmit(传染)commoncoldsymptomstovolunteersbuttheywereunabletogrowitinroutinecellculture(细胞培养).However,volunteerstudiesshoweditsgrowthinorgancultures(器官培养).DrTyrrellwonderedifitcouldbeseenbyanelectronmicroscope.TheysentsamplestoAlmeidawhofoundthattheywerelikefluvirusesbutnotexactlythesame.Sheidentifiedwhatbecameknownasthefirsthumancoronavirus(冠状病毒).DrAlmeidahadactuallyseenparticles(微粒)likethisbeforewhileinvestigatingvirusesinmiceandchickens.However,whenshesentherpaperaboutthisdiscoverytoamedicaljournal,itwasrejected.ItwastwoyearslaterthatthefirstphotographsofthevirusshehadseenwerepublishedinJournalofGeneralVirology.Itwasnamedcoronavirusbecauseofthecrownsurroundingitontheviralimage.21.WhydidDrAlmeidareturntoworkintheUK?A.BecauseherfamilydidnotlikeToronto.B.BecausetheUKappreciatedhertalents.C.Becauseshebetteredanelectronmicroscope.D.Becauseshewasthefirstonetovisualizeviruses.22.WhatcanweknowaboutB814?A.Itcouldbegrowninroutinecellculture.B.Itwasunabletodevelopinorgancultures.C.It’sexactlythesamewithinfluenzaviruses.12/12D.Itwasidentifiedasthefirsthumancoronavirus.23.Whatcanweconnectwiththename“coronavirus”?A.Itsviralimage.B.Itsdeadlypower.C.Itoriginalsample.D.Itsfirstappearance.BChina’sdomestically(国内)developedBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystemhasbeenwidelyusedinmanypublicsectorsandbusinessfieldsathomeandabroad.Beidouhasbeenusedindozensofbusinessandpublicsectorfields(公共部门领域)inChina,includingtransportation,electricpowertransmission,fisheries,miningandagriculture.TensofmillionsofBeidou-basedterminal（终端）deviceshavebeensoldandareinuse.Bytheendof2022,morethan100millionBeidou-basednavigationchips,modulesandotherproductshadbeensold.Thesystemhadbythenbeenfixedinnearly6.6milliontaxis,busesandtrucksaroundChinaaswellasmorethan70,000fishingshipsacrossthecountry.Beidou-enabledfunctionsarealsousedinatleast50,000agriculturalmachinesandhaveimprovedtheiroperationalefficiency.Morethan70percentofmobilephonesregisteredinChinaarecapableofutilizingBeidousignals.Inthepublicsecurityfield,morethan400,000portableterminalsusedbythepoliceacrossthecountryhaveBeidou-enabledpositioningfunctions.Beidouhasalsoplayedimportantrolesinsecurityworkforhigh-levelevents.Globally,bytheendof2022,ChineseproductsbasedonBeidouhadbeensoldtomore12/12than120foreigncountriesandregions,playingahelpfulroleinanumberofpublicsectorfields.Forinstance,BeidouhashelpedRussiaimproveitselectricgridinspections(电网检测),madeoperationsmoreconvenientforunmannedaircraftusersinCambodia,andpromotedmanagementefficiencyofmanywarehousesinThailandandconstructionworkinKuwait.24.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“utilizing”inParagraph2?A.transformingB.usingC.passingD.strengthening25.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.BeidouSystem’snavigationisaccessible.B.BeidouSystem’spositioningservicesvaryinquality.C.BeidouSystem’sapplicationsspreadaroundtheglobe.D.BeidouSystem’soperationalefficiencyimprovesrapidly.26.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythispassageappear?A.TechnologyB.EducationC.TravelD.SocietyCInsomeplacesaroundtheworld,youcanfindbrightgreenballsofmoss(苔藓)scatteredacrossglaciers,which,surprisingly,moveallataboutthesamespeedsandinthesamedirections.Theglaciermossballsarecommonlycalled“glaciermice”,andwerethesubjectofarecentstudypublishedonlineinPolarBiologythismonth.Thestudy’sauthorsbelievethattheydevelopfromimpurities(杂质)onicesurfaces.“They’renotattached(黏附)toanythingandthey’rejustrestingthereonice,”saidoneoftheauthors.12/12“They’rebrightgreeninaworldofwhite.”Themossballsdon’tstayatrestforlong,though.Theymovedabout2.5centimetersperdayonaverage.Anotheroneofthestudy’sauthorspointedoutthatmovementisanecessityfortheglaciermossballsbecausetheentiresurfaceoftheballmustoccasionallygetexposedtothesun.“Thesethingsmustactuallyrollaroundorelsethatmossonthebottomwoulddie,”shesaid.GlaciermicehaveeverbeenspottedinAlaska,Iceland,SvalbardandSouthAmerica,butscientistsstillhavealottolearnaboutthem.Oneofthebiggestquestionsiswhythemossballs,whichcanliveforatleastsixyears,movethewaytheydo.Theresearcherstriedtoexplainthisstrangephenomenoninmanyways.First,theythoughttheballshadrolleddownhill,butlaterfoundthattheyweren’tgoingdownaslope(斜坡).Then,theythoughtthewindwasblowingtheminconsistentdirections.Butwhentheymeasuredthedominantdirectionofthewind,thatdidn’texplainiteither.Andfinally,theyconsideredthesun,whichmeltstheiceandmaymakethemossballsmove,butthedirectionofincomingsolarradiationwasn’tinthedirectionwhichtheballsweregoingin.Stillconfusedwiththisproblem,theresearcherssaidthattheyhopethatoneday,futuregenerationswill“gettothebottomofthesegreatmysteries”.27.Whatintereststheresearchersmost?A.Thediscoveryofglaciermice.B.Thedevelopmentofimpurities.C.Thedistributionofglaciermoss.D.Themovementofglaciermossballs.12/1228.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutGlaciermice?A.Theycanmovefast.B.Theyareattachedtoice.C.Theymovesoastokeepalive.D.Theymovefromotherplacestoglaciers.29.Howdoestheauthorexplaintheunusualwaytheglaciermicemove?A.Bydrawingmapsandmakinganalysis.B.Bymakingassumptionsanddoingresearch.C.Bydoingexperimentsandpresentingreports.D.Bymakingcomparisonandsettingdowngeneralrules30.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.WindblowsGlaciermicetomove.B.ThedirectionofsunlighthelpsGlaciermice.C.Scientistsleavethesemysteriestofuturegenerations.D.Itremainsapuzzlewhytheglaciermossballsmoveinthisway.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howdoyouwakeupinthemorning?Ifyousetanalarmonyourphoneorclockthatsoundslikethis:beep-beep-beep,thathard,unpleasantsoundmaybemakingithardertoshake12/12offthesleepyfeelinginthemorningknownasgrogginess(昏昏沉沉).31?Arecentstudysaysyes.Theanswerismusic.Researcherssayalarmsthathaveamelodycanhelppeoplefeelfresherinthemorning.Thestudy,carriedoutbyresearchersinAustralia,involved50people.Theyansweredquestionsaboutthealarmsoundtheyliketowakeupto.32.Sleepinertia(惯性)isanothertermforgrogginess.33,andhastroublegettingmovingagainaftersleeping.Peopleneedtobetterunderstandsleepinertia’sharmfuleffectsonhumanperformancelaterintheday.Thegrogginesswemayfeelinthemorningusuallylastsforupto30minutes,butsomemaylastfromtwotofourhours.Noteveryonewillexperiencethefulleffect.34,especiallywhentheyperformdutiesthatrequireatopperformancewithinthisperiodorforpeoplewhoworkindangeroussituationsshortlyaftertheywake.So,whatmakesmusicalalarmsbetterforwakingup?35.A.PossiblythedifferenttonesinitB.Simplythesinglesoundof“beeping”C.So,isthereabetterwaytowakeupD.So,whatisabetterwaytowakeupE.Butforthosewhodo,careshouldbetakenF.ItmeansapersonhasaheavyfeelingwhenwakingupG.Theyalsoexpressedhowtheyfeelaboutthatsoundandhowtheyfeelwhentheywakeup第二部分完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）12/12阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A,B,C,D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Jeanisjustlikeanaverage14-year-oldinmanyways.Shelovessinging,usingTikTok(抖音短视频国际版),and36withherfriends.Butyou’llfindthatshe’sactuallyquite37.Infact,thisteenager’s38achievementisearningamaster’sdegreeinenvironmentalscienceandsustainableengineering.Thebrilliantteen’sschooling39beganininstitutionsforgifted40.Shewouldattend41schoolinthemorningandtakeheronlinehighschoolmodulesatnightat8yearsold.Afterfinishinghighschool,Janewentonto42herbachelor’sdegreeatage12.Intotal,shenowhasthreedegreestoher43!Janeisstilluncertainaboutthe44she’sgoingtotake,butsheknowsthatshewantsittoinvolveSTEM(理工科统称).Infact,she’sstartedtakingstepstowardsthatgoalby45back.Lastyear,JanewentonatriptoSouthAfrica.There,shemetafewlocalgirlswho46herpassionforSTEM.However,theydidn’thavethesame47shehadbackintheUS.This48hertodevelopaplantobringSTEMlabstothem.Shestartedfundraiserstobuythingssuchasmicroscopesand49,whichshehopestobringtoCapeTownonceCOVID-19restrictionshave50.Janeknowsthatit’srareforateentohavesuchalonglistof51.However,shesaysthatitonly52onething.“Togetwhereyouwanttobe,youhavetobecommitted,”shesaid.“Whenpeoplereadmy53Idon’twantthemtobelike,‘Ohshe’ssosmart,Ican54dothat.’Iwantthemtothink‘She’ssogoal-driven.Ineedtobe55.’andthusfeelmotivated.”36.A.catchingupB.hangingoutC.movingawayD.goingin37.A.extraordinaryB.seriousC.shyD.curious12/1238.A.hardestB.latestC.furthestD.richest39.A.experimentB.researchC.journeyD.advantage40.A.adultsB.seniorsC.babiesD.children41.A.graduateB.highC.regularD.language42.A.receiveB.recordC.preferD.practise43.A.knowledgeB.nameC.tasteD.relief44.A.adviceB.chanceC.breakD.path45.A.fightingB.lookingC.steppingD.giving46.A.recognizedB.doubtedC.sharedD.understood47.A.resourcesB.coursesC.informationD.response48.A.forcedB.inspiredC.askedD.persuaded49.A.paintsB.camerasC.microphonesD.computers50.A.startedB.developedC.easedD.switched51.A.accomplishmentsB.requirementsC.interestsD.ideas52.A.boilsdowntoB.givesrisetoC.looksforwardtoD.getsusedto53.A.reportB.paperC.storyD.article54.A.alsoB.neverC.justD.finally55.A.cleverB.modestC.cautiousD.determined12/12第II卷温馨提示：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第三部分英语知识运用（共四节，满分45分）第一节语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inrecentyears,veganism（纯素食主义）hasbecomeoneofthefastest-growinglifestyle56(trend)intheworld.Over3millionpeopleintheUSareveganswhileabout542,000Britishpeople57(choose)veganismoverthepast10years.Whatisdrivingthisgrowthinveganism?First,peopleattachimportancetoprotectingtheenvironment.Theythinkproducingmeatanddairyproductsis58(stress)fortheenvironment.Accordingtoarecentstudy,globalmeatmanufacturinghascaused18%oftheworld’sgreenhousegasemissions.Thisfigureis59(high)thanthatofalltheworld’scars,trainsandplanescombined.Second,manyyoungpeople60(convince)thatit’scrueltokillanimalsforfoodandbecomingveganis61ethical(伦理的)decision.Veganismdoesn’tsimplymeans62(eat)nomeat,cheeseoreggs.Italsoapplies63fashionandmanufacturing.Everyyearmorethanabillionanimalsarekilled64.(produce)leatherproductsfromtheirskins.Now,manybrandsareseekingforsubstitutions(替代品).So65theideaofprotectinganimalsandsavingenvironmentappealstoyou,giveveganismatry.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节概要写作（满分15分）12/12阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。（请标注要点和词数））Teenagers’fitnessisnowamajorconcernandphysicalexerciseisveryimportant.Itreducesstressandimprovesfitness.Exercisemakesyourbodystrongandhelpsyoutokeeptherightbodyweight.Sportsscientistsofferthefollowingadvicetoteenagers:First,findoutyourpresentleveloffitness.Thenyoucandesignaprogrammethatwillhelpyoubecomehealthier.Therearethreelevelsoffitnessthatneedachangeoflifestyle.“Overweight”meansthatthepersongetsverylittleexerciseandoftenhasaseriousweightproblem.“Inactive”meansthatthepersondoesnotjoininmanyphysicalactivities,butisnotseriouslyoverweight.“Active”referstopeoplewhotakepartinsportsandotherphysicalactivities,butdonothaveahighfitnesslevel.Accordingtoexperts,overweightteenagersshouldworkouttokeephealthy.Rideabike,playvolleyballorbasketballforawhile,andgoforatwenty-minutewalkeachday.Allthesewillhelptoburncalories.Inactiveteenagersshoulddosimilaractivities,butaddsomebendingandstretchingexercises,suchaspush-upsandsit-ups,startingwithtwentyofeachaday.Inactivepeoplecantakealittlemoreexercisethanoverweightpeoplebecausetheirbodiesarestronger.Thesameruleisalsosuitableforactiveteenagers.Expertsalsosuggestonehouraweekormoreonrunningandotherformsofintensiveexercise,togetherwithfifteenminutesadayspentonstretchingandbendingactivities.Theyarereallyimportantinordertopreventinjuries.Someweight-trainingandotherbody-strengtheningexercisescouldalsobeplannedintheprogrammeinordertoincreasetheperson’sstrength.第二节应用文写作（满分25分）12/12假定你是李华，你的美国朋友David原本打算今年暑假来中国旅游，因疫情而取消行程。请你给他写封邮件，向他推荐中国线上旅游推介活动系列视频“VisitingChinaOnline”。内容包括：1.表示遗憾；2.推荐系列视频并说明原因；3.邀请他明年再来中国。注意：1.词数80-100；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。【参考词汇】线上旅游推介活动onlinetourismpromotionalactivityDearDavid,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHuarg12/12