河南省商丘名校2021-2022学年高二英语下学期期中联考试题（Word版带解析）

2021—2022学年下期期中联考高二英语试题（考试时间:100分钟试卷满分:120分）第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。AFamousSeedBanksAroundtheWorldTheSvalbardInternationalSeedVaultOpenedforstoragein2008,theseedbankislocateddeepinthesideofafrozenarcticmountaininLongyearbyen,Norway,andcanweatheranydisasterfrombombingstoearthquakes.Samplesarecollectedfromseedbanksallovertheworldtobestoredintheundergroundvault.Ratherthanactingasanactiveseedbank,theVaultisaglobalbackupsystemfortheplanet’splantresources.TheGermplasmBankofWildSpeciesinChinaFoundedinthecityofKunmingin2007,theGermplasmBankofWildSpecies(GBWS)isaresearchandpreservationcenterforrareandendangeredplantsandanimals.Itincludesaseedpool,DNAbank,microbialbankandotherparts.Sofar,ithaspreservedover10,000typesofwildplantseeds,makingitthelargestinAsiaandthesecondofitskindglobally.SingaporeBotanicGardensSeedBankOpenedin2019,theseedbankissafeguardingplantbiodiversityinSoutheastAsiathroughconservation,researchandeducation.Visitorscanlearnaboutseedsandthescienceofseedstorageatanewbuildingandoutdoorgarden.TheBankmainlyconductsitsresearchintoseedpreservationoftropicalplants.Itwillbeabletostoretheseedsofupto25,000plantspecies.TheVavilovInstituteofPlantIndustryLocatednearRussia’sSt.Petersburgandfoundedin1921,theVavilovInstituteofPlantIndustryremainstheworld’slargestcollectionofplantseeds.ItmainlyfocusesoncropsthataresuitableforfarminginRussiasuchaspotatoes,wheat,beans,vegetables,andmanyothers.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheSvalbardInternationalSeedVault?\nA.Itliesinanearthquakezone.B.Itisresistanttobombattacks.C.Itisthebest-knownglobally.D.ItonlystoresseedsfromNorway.2.WhatmakesSingaporeBotanicGardensSeedBankspecial?A.Itsroleineducation.B.Itsamountofseedstorage.C.Itsresearchintorareplants.D.Itsprotectionoftropicalanimals.3.Whichofthefollowingseedbankswasoldest?A.TheSvalbardInternationalSeedVault.B.SingaporeBotanicGardensSeedBank.C.TheVavilovInstituteofPlantIndustry.D.TheGermplasmBankofWildSpeciesinChina.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了驰名世界的四个种子库的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一部分中“Openedforstoragein2008,theseedbankislocateddeepinthesideofafrozenarcticmountaininLongyearbyen,Norway,andcanweatheranydisasterfrombombingstoearthquakes.(该种子库于2008年开放储存，位于挪威朗伊尔城一座冰封的北极山脉的深处，可以抵御从爆炸到地震等任何灾难)”可知，挪威斯瓦尔巴全球种子库能够抵御炸弹的袭击。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三部分中“Openedin2019,theseedbankissafeguardingplantbiodiversityinSoutheastAsiathroughconservation,researchandeducation.Visitorscanlearnaboutseedsandthescienceofseedstorageatanewbuildingandoutdoorgarden.(该种子库于2019年开放，通过保护、研究和教育保护东南亚的植物多样性。参观者可以在新建的建筑和室外花园中了解种子和种子储存的科学)”可知，新加坡植物园种子库的特别之处就是它具有教育功能。故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Openedforstoragein2008(该种子库于2008年开放储存)”；第二段中“FoundedinthecityofKunmingin2007(昆明野生物种种质资源库成立于2007)”；第三段中“Openedin2019(该种子库于2019年开放)”以及最后一段中“LocatednearRussia’sSt.Petersburgandfoundedin1921(位于俄罗斯圣彼得堡附近，成立于1921年)”对比各种子库建立年代可知，成立于1921年的俄罗斯瓦维洛夫植物工业研究所，是四个种子库中最古老的\n种子库。故选C。BFifteenyearsago,whendarknessusedtofallinYobeNkosi,aremotevillageinnorthernMalawi,childrendidtheirschoolhomeworkbycandlelight:Therewasnoelectricity.Butthatstartedtochangein2006,whenvillagerColrerdNkosifinishedsecondaryschoolinMzimba,some40kilometresaway,andreturnedhome,andfoundhecouldnolongerlivewithoutpower.Aged23atthetime,Nkosisoonfiguredoutthatasmallriverpastthehousewherehegrewuphadjustenoughforcetopushthepedalsonhisbicycle.Hecreatedagenerator(发电机)thatbroughtpowerintohishome.Wordspreadquicklyamongbrickhousesandneighborsbeganpayingregularvisitstochargetheirmobilephones.“Istartedgettingrequestsforelectricityanddecidedtoupgrade,”saidNkosi.Withnoprevioustraining,heturnedanoldfridgecompressor(压缩机)intoawater—poweredturbine(涡轮)andputitinanearbyriver,generatingelectricityforsixhouseholds.Today,thevillageissuppliedbyabiggerturbine.TheuserspaynofeeforthepowerbutgiveNkosisomemoneyformaintenance—slightlymorethan$1perhouseholdpermonth.“Theelectricityisbasicallyfree,”Nkosisaid,speakinginlocalChichewa.Headmittedthatthemaintenanceincomewastoosmalltocoverrepaircosts,whichhemainlyfundedfromhisownpocket.Despitethechallenges,heisdeterminedtoexpandhisminielectricitynetworktosurroundingareas.“Oncemorevillagesandschoolshaveelectricity,peoplewillnolongercutdowntreesforcharcoal(木炭),”hesaid.“Studentswillhavealotmoretimetostudy”,hesaid.AsdusksettlesoverKasangaziPrimarySchool,groupsoflearnersrushintoaclassroomforanight—timestudysession.“Beforewehadelectricityhere,weusedtousecandlestostudy,”saidstudentGiftMfune,sortingthroughapileoftextbooksonhisdesk.“Now,weallhavenoexcusebuttopassourexaminations,”helaughed.CourtesyofNkosi,thebuildingistheonlyschoolwithpoweroutof17othersservicingthearea.4.WhydidNkosi’sfirstgeneratorneedupgrading?A.Tomakemuchmoremoney.B.Toattractmorepeople’svisits.C.Tochargemoremobilephones.D.Tomeetmorepeople’srequests.5.WhichwordscanbestdescribeNkosi?\nA.Meanandstubborn.B.Creativeandgenerous.C.Wealthyandhumorous.D.Narrow—mindedandshort—sighted.6.WhatcanweknowaboutthestudentsinKasangaziPrimarySchool?A.Theyhavetostayuplate.B.Theydidnotdowellinexams.C.TheyareverygratefultoNkosi.D.Theymusthaveapromisingfuture.7.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshareatouchingstory.B.Toadvertisearemotevillage.C.Toshowstudents’loveforateacher.D.Torememberarespectableengineer.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了ColrerdNkosi发明发电机，为自己的家乡供电的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Wordspreadquicklyamongbrickhousesandneighborsbeganpayingregularvisitstochargetheirmobilephones.“Istartedgettingrequestsforelectricityanddecidedtoupgrade,”saidNkosi.(消息在砖房间迅速传播，邻居们开始定期上门给手机充电。恩科西说：“我开始收到用电请求，并决定升级。”)”可知，消息传播开来之后，Nkosi发现越来越多的邻居请求用电，所以他决定升级发电机，以满足更多人的需求。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Hecreatedageneratorthatbroughtpowerintohishome.(他发明了一台发电机，把电送到家里)”以及第四段的“TheuserspaynofeeforthepowerbutgiveNkosisomemoneyformaintenance—slightlymorethan$1perhouseholdpermonth.(用户无需支付电力费用，但会给Nkosi一些钱用于维护，每月每户略高于1美元)”可知，Nkosi自己发明了发电机，且不收取使用者的费用，所以Nkosi是有创造力并且慷慨的。故选B项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“AsdusksettlesoverKasangaziPrimarySchool,groupsoflearnersrushintoaclassroomforanight—timestudysession.(当夜幕降临在Kasangazi小学时，一群学习者冲进教室进行夜间学习)”以及““Now,weallhavenoexcusebuttopassourexaminations,”helaughed.CourtesyofNkosi,thebuildingistheonlyschoolwithpoweroutof17othersservicingthearea.(“现在，我们都没有借口，只能通过考试，”他笑着说。由Nkosi提供，该建筑是该地区17所其他学校中唯一一所有电的学校)”可知，在Nkosi为学校提供电之后，Kasangazi\n小学的学生们有了更好的学习环境，所以学生们非常感激Nkosi。故选C项。7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Wordspreadquicklyamongbrickhousesandneighborsbeganpayingregularvisitstochargetheirmobilephones.“Istartedgettingrequestsforelectricityanddecidedtoupgrade,”saidNkosi.(消息在砖房间迅速传播，邻居们开始定期上门给手机充电。恩科西说：“我开始收到用电请求，并决定升级。”)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了ColrerdNkosi发明发电机，为自己的家乡供电的故事，所以作者写本篇文章是为了分享一个感人的故事。故选A项。CMethaneisoneofthebiggestdriversofglobalwarming.About95%ofmethaneemissionsfromcattlecomeoutoftheirmouthsandnoses.Thecommonmethodtodesigncattlefeedadditive(饲料添加剂)helpsinthereductionofmethanegasincattle’sstomachs.However,chemicaladditivesmaybecomeaproblemforanimallifeandalsotheproducts.ABritishcompanyhascomeupwithacowmask,whichbreaksdownmethane,amoreharmfulgreenhousegasthancarbondioxide,intoCO2,andwater.Thecompany,namedZelp,wasfoundedbybrothersFranciscoandPatricioNorris,childrenofArgentine—basedcattlekeepers.Accordingtothecompany,themaskisabletoreduceupto60percentofmethaneemissionsincattle.Unlikeahumanfacemask,thecowmaskdoesn’tcoverthemouth.Itsitsjustoverthenose,helpingittocatchmethanefrombreathingandburps(打嗝).Asensor(感应器)onthedevicedetectswhatpercentageofmethanethecowbreathesout.Asthemethanereachesacertainlevel,achemicalreactionturnsitintocarbondioxideandwater.Themaskalsoworksasasmartdeviceforcows.ItmonitorscattlelocationthroughaGPSchip,besidesmeasuringfeedingactivity.Norrisbrothersbelievethatitwillhelpcattleownersidentifyearlysymptomsofadiseaseandhelpreducethecostoffarms.ThedevicehassuccessfullypassedtrialsconductedininstitutionsinArgentinabesidesUK’sRoyalVeterinaryCollege.Asglobalmeatconsumptionissettoincreaseby70percentinthenext30yearsaccordingtoFAO,sowillthedemandincattleanddairyindustries.Thus,theNorrisbrothersbelievethattheircowmaskwillbeonestepintherightdirectioninthefightagainstglobalwarming.8.WhydoesZelpdevelopthecowmask?A.Tohelpcattleeatsafely.B.Toimprovefeedadditives.\nC.Tocutthemethanegas’fromcattle.D.Toquickenthecattle’sdigestiveprocess.9.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytellusaboutthecowmask?A.Howthemaskworks.B.Whenthemaskdetectsthegas.C.Whythemaskbenefitsthecow.D.Howthemaskfitsonthecow’shead.10.Whatisanaddedadvantageofthedevice?A.Givingcowsagoodappetite.B.Trackingthecattle’smovements.C.Curingthecows’milddiseases.D.Regulatingthecattle’sfeedintake.11.WhatistheNorrisbrothers’attitudetowardsthefutureoftheirdevice?A.Ambiguous.B.Cautious.C.Skeptical.D.Optimistic.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一家名为Zelp的英国公司为牛开发了一种口罩,能将牛打隔释放出的甲烷排放量减少60%。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“themaskisabletoreduceupto60percentofmethaneemissionsincattle(这种口罩能够减少牛体内高达60%的甲烷排放)”可知，这种口罩能够减少牛体内的甲烷排放。故选C。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Itsitsjustoverthenose,helpingittocatchmethanefrombreathingandburps(打嗝).Asensor(感应器)onthedevicedetectswhatpercentageofmethanethecowbreathesout.Asthemethanereachesacertainlevel,achemicalreactionturnsitintocarbondioxideandwater.(它刚好位于鼻子上方，帮助鼻子从呼吸和打嗝中吸收甲烷。设备上的传感器检测奶牛呼出的甲烷的百分比。当甲烷达到一定水平时，化学反应将其转化为二氧化碳和水。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了口罩的工作过程。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ItmonitorscattlelocationthroughaGPSchip(它通过GPS芯片监控牛的位置)”可知，该设备可用来跟踪牛的行踪。故选B。【11题详解】\n推理判断题。根据最后一段“ThedevicehassuccessfullypassedtrialsconductedininstitutionsinArgentinabesidesUK’sRoyalVeterinaryCollege.Asglobalmeatconsumptionissettoincreaseby70percentinthenext30yearsaccordingtoFAO,sowillthedemandincattleanddairyindustries.Thus,theNorrisbrothersbelievethattheircowmaskwillbeonestepintherightdirectioninthefightagainstglobalwarming.(除了英国皇家兽医学院，该设备还成功通过了阿根廷机构的试验。根据粮农组织的数据，全球肉类消费量在未来30年将增长70%，牛和乳制品行业的需求也将增长。因此，诺里斯兄弟相信他们的奶牛面具将是对抗全球变暖的正确方向的一步。)”可知,这种装置已成功通过了部分机构的试验,未来30年全球肉类的消费将增长70%,诺里斯兄弟相信他们在应对全球变暖的方向上迈出了正确的一步。这说明他们对该装置的未来非常乐观。故选D。DManycompaniesareexpandingtheirmental—healthbenefits(福利),butgettingemployeestotakeadvantageofthemcanbechallenging.PugetSoundEnergyis—onamissiontochangethat.Lastyear,98%ofitsemployeeswatcheda20—minutemental—healthtrainingvideo,andmanagerswereofferedatwo—hourlivemental—healthtraining.Thesessionsincludedtipsonhowtorecognizeandrespondtomental—healthissuesinthemselvesandothers,informationonwhatmental—healthresourcesthecompanyoffers,andpersonalstoriesfromPSEworkerswhohadexperiencedmentalillness.PSEisoneofmanycompaniesexpandingmental—healthbenefitsandtalkingaboutmentalhealthintheworkplaceinnewways.Workersaresufferingfromit,andcompaniesrecognizepoormentalhealthamongemployeeswhichislinkedtolostproductivityandhighermedicalexpenses.Mostcompaniesalreadyoffersomefreemental—healthcounseling(咨询)throughanemployeeassistanceplan,orEAP,toprovideacertainnumberofcounselingsessionsannuallyforfree.TheproblemisthatEAPsareoftennotmadefulluseof.Whileresearchindicatesthat20%oftheadultpopulationexperiencesamentalillnesseachyear,lessthan8%ofemployeestakeadvantageoftheircompany’sEAP,saysDarrenBrooks.Insomecases,workersdon’tknowtheiremployerhasanEAPbecauseitisn’twell—promoted.Inothercases,workersfeartherecouldberepercussionsiftheiremployerfindsouttheirdepressionoranothermentalillness.StillothersfacelongwaitstobookanappointmentwithEAPduetoanationalshortageofcounselors.\nWiththatinmind,somecompaniesareimprovingaccesstomental—healthservices.Itrequirestrainingmanagerstorecognizesignsofmental—healthillnessandtospeakaboutspecificchallengesthatpeopleexperienceintheirdailylives.AnotherpartofthechallengeisconvincingpeoplethatitisOKtousethem.Tomakeemployeesmorecomfortableaskingforhelp,somecompaniesareencouragingmanagersandworkerstosharetheirownmental—healthstories.12.WhatwasprobablytheaimofthesessionsofPSEcompany?A.Togetitsemployeesdevotedtotheirwork.B.Toensurethementalhealthofitsemployees.C.Topromotethesalesofthecompany’senergy.D.Totrainitsemployeesformedicalknowledge.13.WhatistheproblemwithEAP?A.Itisnotfullyusedbyemployees.B.Someemployeescan’tafforditforlackofmoney.C.Employeestakingitarefiredbecauseoftheirillness.D.Fewcounselorsarewillingtopromoteittoemployees.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“repercussions”meaninthefifthparagraph?A.Benefits.B.Arrangements.C.Impacts.D.Tendencies.15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ImprovingMentalHealthBoostsProductivityB.ManyPeopleSimplyDon’tWantMentalExamC.ThereIsaNeedtoDestigmatizeMentalHealthD.Mental—healthBenefitsAreFacedwithChallenges【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多公司关心员工的心理健康，开展了“员工救助计划”，但是因为各种原因,这个计划并不受员工的欢迎，计划的实施遇到各种难关。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段首句“Manycompaniesareexpandingtheirmental—healthbenefits(福利),butgettingemployeestotakeadvantageofthemcanbechallenging.(\n许多公司都在扩大心理健康福利，但让员工充分利用这些福利可能是一项挑战。)”及第二段首句“Lastyear,98%ofitsemployeeswatcheda20—minutemental—healthtrainingvideo,andmanagerswereofferedatwo—hourlivemental—healthtraining.(去年，该公司98%的员工观看了一段20分钟的心理健康培训视频，经理们则接受了两小时的现场心理健康培训。)”可知,很多公司重视员工的心理健康，并举例说PSE这家公司组织员工收看心理健康培训的视频，让经理们收看直播的心理健康培训，让公司里有过心理疾病的员工讲述自己的故事等，从这些信息推断,这些活动都是为了确保员工的心理健康。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Insomecases,workersdon’tknowtheiremployerhasanEAPbecauseitisn’twell—promoted.(在某些情况下，员工不知道他们的雇主有EAP，因为它没有得到很好的推广。)”及“StillothersfacelongwaitstobookanappointmentwithEAPduetoanationalshortageofcounselors.(还有一些人由于全国辅导员短缺，要预约EAP需要等待很长时间。)”可知，有的员工不知道公司有这个计划，因为没有被很好的推广，还有的员工预约需要很长时问，因为缺乏答询师，所以EAP的问题是它未能让员工更容易地使用。故选A。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Inothercases,workersfeartherecouldberepercussionsiftheiremployerfindsouttheirdepressionoranothermentalillness.(在其他情况下，员工担心，如果雇主发现他们的抑郁症或其他精神疾病，可能会有repercussions。)”可知，有些工人担心，如果用这个“员工援助计划”做心理健康测试，会被老板发现自己有抑郁或其他的心理疾病，这样就会给他们带来“（不利）影啊”。所以划线词的意思是“影响”。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章首段“Manycompaniesareexpandingtheirmental—healthbenefits(福利),butgettingemployeestotakeadvantageofthemcanbechallenging.PugetSoundEnergyis—onamissiontochangethat.(许多公司都在扩大心理健康福利，但让员工充分利用这些福利可能是一项挑战。普吉特湾能源公司正致力于改变这一现状。)”及文章中所列举的事例可知本文主要介绍很多公司关心员工的心理健康，开展了“员工援助计划”，但是由于各种原因，员工参与的程度很低，这个计划的顺利执行遭遇各种挑战。结合选项可知选项D.Mental—healthBenefitsAreFacedwithChallenges(心理健康福利面临挑战)概括文章内容较为全面准确。故选D。第二节（共5小题,每小题2分,满分10分）\n根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余。Ibelieveindaydreamingnowandthen—especiallywhenI’mhiking.Beinginnatureallowsmymindtowanderwhereitwill,whichoftenstartsmycreativityasawriterandmusician.Nowsomenewsciencesuggeststhatdaydreamingmayactuallymakeushappierandmorecreative.___16___DaydreamingmaybegoodforcreativityMind—wanderinghasbeenassociatedwithcreativityforcenturies.Astudyfoundthatpeoplewhomind—wanderedperformedbetterontheirtask,theanswercomingtotheminaflash.___17___—itwasjustsuddenlythere.Whenpeople’smindswanderinwaysthatseemmeaningfultothem,theytendtohavemorecreativeideasandfeelmoreinspiredattheendoftheday,too.Interestingly,thisistrueforbothwritersandeverydaypeople.___18___Now,findingsfroma2021studysuggestthatmind—wanderingcanactuallyimproveyourmood.Inthisstudy,theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeople’sthoughtswereoff—task,theygenerallyfeltmorenegative.Butiftheirthoughtswerefree—moving.Ithadtheoppositeeffect,helpingpeoplefeelhappier.___19___.IfIsimplyputmyselfinaspacethatletsmymindmovefreely,Idon’tgetdepressed.Onthecontrary,I’mhappierbecauseofit.Canwebebettermind—wanderers?Researcherswarnthatmind—wanderingwhenyouneedtobefocusedonataskcouldcauseproblems.So,letyourmindwanderwhenyou’redoingtasksthatdon’trequirefocus.___20___.So,justhavingmorecontroloverwhenmind—wanderinghappensandthekindofthoughtsthatyouhavewouldbeveryuseful.A.Thekeyisthatwedoittherightway.B.Mind—wanderingcanhelpboostourmood.C.Ifindthatsciencesupportsmyownexperience.D.TakingabreakmightbegoodforourproductivityE.Peopledidn’tevenknowhowtheygottothesolutionF.Ihopepeoplewillexplorethelimitsofmind—wandering\nG.Thismayhelpyoufeelbetterorcomeupwithcreativeideas【答案】16.A17.E18.B19.C20.G【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章说明了人们在做事的时候大脑开小差,在一定的情况下有利于人们的创造性思维,并提出什么时候适合大脑开小差。【16题详解】根据上文“Nowsomenewsciencesuggeststhatdaydreamingmayactuallymakeushappierandmorecreative.(现在一些新的科学表明，做白日梦实际上可能让我们更快乐，更有创造力。)”可知，做白日梦想有好处，但要注意方式，A项“关键是方式要正确”，符合上下文逻辑关系。故选A项。【17题详解】根据上文“Astudyfoundthatpeoplewhomind—wanderedperformedbetterontheirtask,theanswercomingtotheminaflash.(一项研究发现，走心人在任务上表现得更好，答案会瞬间出现。)”和下文“itwasjustsuddenlythere.(只是突然出现。)”可知，答案会突然出现在人的脑海中，E项“人们甚至不知道是怎么想到答案的”和空处上下句构成完整的信息链。故选E项。【18题详解】根据文章结构可知，空处应是小标题，是对空后一段的总结。本段主旨句“Now,findingsfroma2021studysuggestthatmind—wanderingcanactuallyimproveyourmood.(现在2021年的一项研究结果表明，走神实际上可以改善你的情绪。)”说明走神能让人们心情好，更快乐，因此选B项“走神可以帮助提升你的情绪。”作为本节的小标题。故选B项。【19题详解】根据下文“IfIsimplyputmyselfinaspacethatletsmymindmovefreely,Idon’tgetdepressed.Onthecontrary,I’mhappierbecauseofit.(如果我只是把自己放在一个让我思想自由活动的空间里，我就不会感到沮丧。相反，我因此更快乐。)”可知，作者提到了自己的经历，因此C项“我发现科学能够支持我自己的经历”符合上下文逻辑关系。故选C项。【20题详解】根据上文“Researcherswarnthatmind—wanderingwhenyouneedtobefocusedonataskcouldcauseproblems.So,letyourmindwanderwhenyou’redoingtasksthatdon’trequirefocus.(研究人员警告说，当你需要专注于一项任务时，走神可能会导致问题。所以，当你做不需要集中注\n意力的任务时，才可以走神。)”，可知，选项继续说说明走神的好处。G项说“这会让你感觉更好，想出有创意的想法”，符合语境。故选G项。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节,满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分）,阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Shaineisnotyouraverage16-year-old.Infact,shehasturnedherloveofanimalsintoa___21___tomakeabigdifferenceinthelivesof___22___pets.Inhersparetime,Shainemakeswheelchairsfordogsandcats.Formanypetowners,thecostofbuyingmobility(移动)equipmentisnot___23___,somanydogsget___24___becausethey’redisabled.Wheelchairsusuallygoformorethan$1,000.ButShaineonly___25___fortheparts.Shedoesthisthroughthenonprofitthatshe___26___in2020.“Ireallyhadto___27___thatshetookthemoneyatleastforthe___28___,”Jennifersaid.Jennifer’sdogwasbornwithfrontlegsshorterthanherbacklegsandneededawaytobemobilebeforeandafter___29___surgery.Lathamsaid,“Ifsheisn’tmobile,we’llkillher,andthatshouldn’tbea(n)_____30_____.”Shainewastakinga(n)_____31_____scienceclassinherhighschool.Whenaclassdiscussion_____32_____exploringcareers,shewas_____33_____unsurewhatdirectionshewantedtogoin.Shethoughtaboutstartingherownanimal_____34_____afterdiscoveringanimalwheelchairs,andtheidea_____35_____.Shaineis_____36_____buildingawheelchairforadognamedScooterfromSaudiArabia.Scooterwasatriskfor_____37_____sores(疮)onhisbacklegsthatcouldhaveledto_____38_____.Now,heisgettinganew_____39_____inlife.Shehasalreadymade10devicesthathavegiventhegiftofmobilitytodisabledpets.Hergoalistomakesome_____40_____ofwheelchairstoanimalshelters.21.A.missionB.sessionC.search1D.burden22.A.usedB.favoredC.abandonedD.disabled23.A.flexibleB.affordableC.reasonableD.logical24.A.heldupB.takenupC.helddownD.putdown25.A.paysB.preparesC.chargesD.sends26.A.openedB.respectedC.assumedD.convinced\n27.A.orderB.promiseC.proveD.insist28.A.discoveriesB.materialsC.benefitsD.advantages29.A.creativeB.directC.correctiveD.abundant30.A.commitmentB.excuseC.responsibilityD.option31.A.homeB.animalC.plantD.community32.A.involvedB.toleratedC.suggestedD.postponed33.A.traditionallyB.professionallyC.originallyD.constantly34.A.trainingB.rescueC.recreationD.employment35.A.tookoffB.droppedoffC.heldbackD.fellbehind36.A.casuallyB.constantlyC.temporarilyD.currently37.A.organizingB.dottingC.developingD.scratching38.A.inferencesB.infectionsC.rejectionsD.limits39.A.senseB.appointmentC.startD.surprise40.A.donationsB.collectionsC.designsD.records【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.D25.C26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D31.B32.A33.C34.B35.A36.D37.C38.B39.C40.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。16岁的女孩在职业规划课上想到为残疾宠物设计轮椅，并从此开始实现自己的理想。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，她把自己对动物的热爱变成了一项使命，为残疾宠物的生活带来巨大的改变。A.mission任务；B.session会期，学年；C.search寻找；D.burden负担。根据后文“Inhersparetime,Shainemakeswheelchairsfordogsandcats.(在她的业余时间，谢恩为狗和猫制作轮椅)”可知，她已经把对动物的爱变成了自己的使命和任务。故选A项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，她把自己对动物的热爱变成了一项使命，为残疾宠物\n的生活带来巨大的改变。A.used用过的；B.favored支持的；C.abandoned抛弃的；D.disabled有残疾的。根据后文“Inhersparetime,Shainemakeswheelchairsfordogsandcats.(在她的业余时间，谢恩为残疾动物制作轮椅)”可知，谢恩为有残疾的猫狗制作轮椅。故选D项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于许多宠物主人来说，购买移动设备的费用是无法承受的，所以很多狗因为残疾而被安乐死。A.flexible灵活的；B.affordable负担得起的；C.reasonable合理的；D.logical合乎情理的。根据“somanydogsget___4___becausethey’redisabled(所以很多狗因为残疾而被安乐死)”可知，有些残疾狗因为负担不起移动设备而被杀死。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于许多宠物主人来说，购买移动设备的费用是无法承受的，所以很多狗因为残疾而被安乐死。A.heldup举起，提出；B.takenup占据；C.helddown压制；D.putdown杀死。根据前文“Formanypetowners,thecostofbuyingmobility(移动)equipmentisnot___3___(对于许多宠物主人来说，购买移动设备的费用是无法承受的)”可知，有些残疾狗由于主人负担不起轮椅等移动设备而只能被杀死。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但谢恩只收零件费。A.pays支付；B.prepares准备；C.charges收费；D.sends发送。根据前文“Wheelchairsusuallygoformorethan$1,000.(轮椅的售价通常在1000美元以上)”以及并列连词“but”可知，谢恩只收零件费。故选C项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她通过自己在2020年成立的非营利组织做到了这一点。A.opened打开；B.respected尊重；C.assumed推测；D.convinced说服。根据语境可知，此处指谢恩在2020年成立了一个非盈利组织，专门来为残疾狗制轮椅。故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我真的不得不坚持让她至少收取材料的钱，”詹妮弗说。A.order命令；B.promise承诺；C.prove证明；D.insist坚持。根据“shetookthemoneyatleastforthe___8___,(她至少收取材料的钱)”可知，詹妮弗坚持让谢恩收取材料的费用。故选D项。28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我真的不得不坚持让她至少收取材料的钱，”詹妮弗说。A.discoveries发现；B.materials材料；C.benefits好处；D.advantages优势。根据上文“ButShaineonly___5___fortheparts.(但是谢恩只收取零件的钱)”可知，詹妮弗坚持让谢恩收取材料的费\n用。故选B项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：詹妮弗的狗狗天生前腿比她的后腿短，在矫正手术前后都需要一种活动方式。A.creative有创造力的；B.direct直接的；C.corrective矫正的；D.abundant丰富的。根据前文“Jennifer’sdogwasbornwithfrontlegsshorterthanherbacklegs(詹妮弗的狗狗天生前腿比她的后腿短)”可知，她的狗需要矫正手术。故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：莱瑟姆说：“如果她不能移动，我们就杀了她，这不应该是一个选项。”A.commitment奉献；B.excuse借口；C.responsibility责任；D.option选项。根据语境可知，此处指莱瑟姆的狗如果没有获得这个轮椅，可能杀死她就是一个选择，虽然莱瑟姆很不情愿。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：谢恩高中时上了动物科学课。A.home家庭；B.animal动物；C.plant植物；D.community社区。根据“Shethoughtaboutstartingherownanimal___14___afterdiscoveringanimalwheelchairs,andtheidea___15___.(在发现动物轮椅后，她想开始自己的动物救援，这个想法得到了实现)”可知，谢恩高中时学习了动物科学课。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当课堂讨论涉及职业探索时，她最初并不确定自己想要走向何方。A.involved涉及；B.tolerated容忍；C.suggested建议；D.postponed推迟。根据语境可知，此处指课堂讨论了涉及今后的职业方向。故选A项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当课堂讨论涉及职业探索时，她最初并不确定自己想要走向何方。A.traditionally传统地；B.professionally专业地；C.originally原来地；D.constantly经常地。根据后文“Shethoughtaboutstartingherownanimal___14___afterdiscoveringanimalwheelchairs,andtheidea___15___.(在发现动物轮椅后，她想开始自己的动物救援，这个想法得到了实现)”可知，谢恩当初并不清楚自己的职业选择。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在发现动物轮椅后，她想开始自己的动物救援，这个想法得到了实现。A.training训练；B.rescue救援；C.recreation娱乐；D.employment雇佣。根据“discoveringanimalwheelchairs(发现动物轮椅)”可知，谢恩想要开始动物救援这项事业。故选B项。\n【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在发现动物轮椅后，她想开始自己的动物救援，这个想法得到了实现。A.tookoff成功；B.droppedoff减少；C.heldback抑制，阻止；D.fellbehind落后。根据前文“Inhersparetime,Shainemakeswheelchairsfordogsandcats.(在她空闲的时候，谢恩为猫狗制作轮椅)”可知，谢恩从事动物救援的想法成功实现了。故选A项。【36题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢恩目前正在为一只来自沙特阿拉伯的名叫Scooter的狗制作轮椅。A.casually随意地；B.constantly不断地；C.temporarily暂时地；D.currently目前地。根据句意及该句时态可知，目前谢恩正在为这只狗作轮椅。故选D项。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Scooter的后腿有可能出现溃疡，从而导致感染。A.organizing组织；B.dotting遍布；C.developing发展；D.scratching轻挠。根据后文“thatcouldhaveledto___18___(可能会导致感染)”可知，Scooter的腿上的疮正在恶化中。故选C项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Scooter的后腿有可能出现溃疡，从而导致感染。A.inferences推理；B.infections感染；C.rejections拒绝；D.limits限制。根据前文“Scooterwasatriskfor___17___sores(疮)onhisbacklegs(Scooter的后腿有可能出现溃疡)”可知，Scooter的腿有可能出现感染症状。故选B项。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，他开始了新的生活。A.sense感觉；B.appointment约定；C.start开始；D.surprise惊讶。根据前文“Shaineis___16___buildingawheelchairforadognamedScooterfromSaudiArabia.(谢恩目前正在为一只来自沙特阿拉伯的名叫Scooter的狗制作轮椅)”可知，Scooter获得轮椅后开始了新生活。故选C项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的目标是为动物收容所捐赠一些轮椅。A.donations捐赠；B.collections收集；C.designs设计；D.records记录。根据“Shehasalreadymade10devicesthathavegiventhegiftofmobilitytodisabledpets.(她已经制作了10个设备，为残疾宠物提供了行动能力)”可知，谢恩已经达成了很大的目标，目前她的目标是能够为动物收容所捐赠更多的设备，来帮助那些残疾动物。故选A项。\n第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。InChina,TreePlantingDayfallsonMarch12,butmoreoftenpeopleplanttreesduringQingMingFestivalinearlyApril.Newly-plantedtreescansurvivemoreeasilywitha___41___(warm)climateandfrequentspringrainfallatthattime.ChinasetMarch12___42___theNationalTree-PlantingDayin1979tomemorizeSunYat-sen(孙中山),___43___diedonMarch12,1925.Sunhadcalledforplantingtrees.Since2013,PresidentXiJinpinghasjoinedBeijingcitizensintreeplantingactivitiesfornineyearsinarow.PresidentXicalledonthepublic___44___(stick)tothetraditionofplantingtreesinspring.“Studentsshouldestablishanawarenessofprotecting___45___environmentandcherishthegreenplants,”Xisaidin2017when___46___(attend)atreeplantingactivityinChaoyangdistrictofBeijing.Chinahasseenaremarkable___47___(grow)inforestresourcesandafforestation(造林)projects.NationwidevoluntarytreeplantingcampaignsinChinaoverthepastfourdecades___48___(see)increasedparticipationbymembersofthepublicandnearly79billiontreeshavebeenplanted.ThecampaignhasmadeChinathecountrywiththelargestincreaseinforestresourcesandthelargestareaof___49___(plant)forests.Inthefuture,Chinawilllaunchmoreeffective_____50_____(measure)tofulfillthecountry’sclimatecommitmenttopeak(达到峰值)carbondioxideemissionsbefore2030andachievecarbonneutrality(碳中和)before2060.【答案】41.warmer42.as43.who44.tostick45.the46.attending47.growth48.haveseen49.planted50.measures【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国近年来在植树造林上取得的伟大成就。【41题详解】\n考查形容词比较级。句意：在那个时候，气候变暖，春雨频繁，新种植的树木更容易生存。根据空格前面的moreeasily及常识可知，新种植的树木在更暖和的气候里更容易生存，此处应用比较级。故填warmer。【42题详解】考查介词。句意：中国于1979年将3月12日定为国家植树节，以纪念1925年3月12日去世的孙中山。根据句意及空格前动词set可知，此处是固定短语set...as...“把……设定为”。故填as。【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国于1979年将3月12日定为国家植树节，以纪念1925年3月12日去世的孙中山。分析句子结构可知，“__3__diedonMarch12,1925”是非限定性定语从句，先行词是SunYat-sen，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。【44题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：习主席呼吁公众坚持在春天植树的传统。分析句子结构可知，此处使用非谓语动词，在句中作宾语补足语；固定短语callonsb.todosth.“呼吁某人作某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。故填tostick。【45题详解】考查冠词。句意：2017年在北京朝阳区参加植树活动时，习主席说：“学生应该建立保护环境的意识，珍惜绿色植物。”固定短语protecttheenvironment“保护环境”。故填the。【46题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：2017年在北京朝阳区参加植树活动时，习主席说：“学生应该建立保护环境的意识，珍惜绿色植物。”当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词，此处完整句子为Xisaidin2017whenXiwasattendingatreeplantingactivityinChaoyangdistrictofBeijing.从句Xiwas，只保留现在分词。故填attending。【47题详解】考查名词。句意：中国的森林资源和造林工程得到了显著的发展。此处作宾语，应用名词growth，由空前不定冠词a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填growth。【48题详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的40年里，中国全国范围内的志愿植树活动中，公众参与度不断提高，共种植了近790亿棵树。根据时间状语overthepastfourdecades可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Nationwidevoluntarytreeplantingcampaigns是复数概念，助动词用have。故填have\nseen。【49题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一行动使中国成为世界上森林资源增加最多、人工林面积最大的国家。此处与forests是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作定语，表被动、完成。故填planted。【50题详解】考查名词复数。句意：未来，中国将采取更有效的措施，实现2030年前二氧化碳排放达到峰值、2060年前实现碳中和的气候承诺。measure“措施”，是可数名词，前有more修饰，应用名词复数形式。故填measures。第四部分写作（共两节,满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（˄）,并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。LocatinginthesouthwestofChina,Sichuanprovincerarelysnows,butit’seasilytofindskateboardingvenuesinChengdu.IstartskateboardingwhenIwasveryyoung.Asweallknow,itusuallytakesalongtimetolearnamove.OnceIspenthalfayearpracticinganewmove,butIhadalotoffunsdoingit.Ithinkskiingissimilarwithskating.Forexample,allrequirebasicbalanceandcoordination.I’vebeenheardit’seasierforpeoplewhomcanskateboardtolearntosnowboard.AfterwatchedtheBeijingWinterOlympics,Ihopetoimprovemyskateboardingskills.Bymasteringthem,Icanhavethechancegosnowboardinginthefuture.【答案】1.Locating→Located2.easily→easy3.start→started4.funs→fun5.similar后面的with→to6.all→both\n7.去掉heard前的been8.whom→who/that9.watched→watching10.chance后加to【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者学习滑板的经历以及滑板和滑雪之间的相似性。【详解】1.考查形容词。句意：位于中国西南部的四川省很少下雪，但在成都很容易找到滑板场地。短语belocatedin意为“坐落于……”，此处省略be动词，用形容词作状语。故Locating改成Located。2.考查形容词。句意：位于中国西南部的四川省很少下雪，但在成都很容易找到滑雪场地。此处为Itis+adj.+todo...句型，应用形容词作表语。故easily改成easy。3.考查时态。句意：我很小的时候就开始玩滑板了。根据从句whenIwasveryyoung可知，主句的谓语动词应用一般过去时。故start改成started。4.考查名词。句意：有一次，我花了半年的时间练习一个新动作，但我玩得很开心。fun是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故funs改成fun。5.考查介词。句意：我认为滑雪和滑冰很相似。结合句意表示“与……相似”可知短语为besimilarto...。故similar后面的with改成to。6.考查代词。句意：例如，两者都需要基本的平衡和协调。both指两者，all指三者或三者以上，both这里指代上文中的滑冰和滑雪。故all改成both。7.考查时态和语态。句意：我听说会玩滑板的人更容易学滑雪。I和heard是主动关系，不能用现在完成时的被动语态。故去掉heard前的been。8.考查定语从句。句意：我听说会玩滑板的人更容易学滑雪。定语从句修饰先行词people，在从句中作主语，指人，故用who或that引导。故whom变成who/that。9.考查非谓语动词。句意：看完北京冬奥会后，我希望能提高自己的滑板技术。after在这里是介词，后根据动名词作宾语。故watched改成watching。10.考查非谓语动词。句意：通过掌握它们，在未来我可以有机会去滑雪。thechancetodosth.意为“做某事的机会”，不定式作后置定语修饰chance。故chance后加to。第二节书面表达（满分25分）52.你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以“Howtopreventonlinegamingaddiction”为题写一篇发\n言稿参赛,内容包括:1.分析造成的危害;2.提出预防的建议。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Howtopreventonlinegamingaddiction____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】HowtopreventonlinegamingaddictionWiththepopularityofmobilephones,moreandmoreteenagersareaddictedtotheInternetgames,whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealthandstudies.Spendingtoomuchtimeinthevirtualworld,addictswillbecomecoldanddistant.What’sworse,ifexposedtoviolentgames,playerstendtobemoreaggressivethanusual.Topreventtheaddiction,weshouldoftenremindourselvesofthesebadeffects.Besides,wecandomoreoutdooractivities,whichwillkeepourattentionofftheInternetgames.Ifhookedononlinegames,graduallyreducetheamountoftimespentonthegamesuntilwefinallygetridoftheaddiction.Wecanalsoaskforhelpfromourrelatives,teachersorfriends.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文，要求考生以“Howtopreventonlinegamingaddiction”为题写一篇发言稿参加学校即将举办的英语演讲比赛。【详解】1.词汇积累对……有害：doharmto=bebadfor应该：should→besupposedto此外：besides→inaddition求助：askforhelp=turntosb.forhelp2.句式拓展简单句变复合句\n原句：Topreventtheaddiction,weshouldoftenremindourselvesofthesebadeffects.拓展句：Inorderthatwecanpreventtheaddiction,weshouldoftenremindourselvesofthesebadeffects.【点睛】[高分句型1]Withthepopularityofmobilephones,moreandmoreteenagersareaddictedtotheInternetgames,whichdoesgreatharmtotheirhealthandstudies.(which引导非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]What’sworse,ifexposedtoviolentgames,playerstendtobemoreaggressivethanusual.(if引导的条件状语从句使用了省略)