北京市西城区2022届高三英语二模试卷（Word版附答案）

北京市西城区2022届高三二模英语试卷英语2022.5本试卷共15页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwokeuponemorningwithsixhungrykidsandjust75centsinmypocket.Theirfatherwasgone.Hehadneverbeenmuchmorethanapresencethey1.Nowthathehaddecidedtoleave,therewouldbenomorebeatings,2nofoodeither.Iwashedthekidsandthen3themintomyold51Chevyanddroveofftofindajob.Itriedto4whoeverwouldlistenthatIwaswillingtolearnanything.Ihadtohaveajob.ThelastplacewewenttowastheBigWheeltruckstop.Theyneededsomeonefrom11pmto7am.Theypaid$0.65anhourandIcouldstartimmediately.Icalledthebabysitterand5withher.Wecametoanagreement—$1anight.SoeverymorningIgaveher$1ofmytipmoney—6halfofwhatIaveragedeverynight!Asweekswentby,thetiresonmyChevybegantoleak.Onemiserablemorning,I7myselftothecarandfoundfourtiresinthebackseat.Newtires!Hadangels(天使)takenupresidenceinIndiana?I8.Iwasnowworkingsixnightsinsteadoffiveanditstillwasn’tenough.Christmaswascomingandtherewasnomoneyfortoys.Clotheswereaworrytoo.OnChristmasEvetheusualcustomersweredrinkingcoffeeintheBigWheel.Therewerethetruckers,Les,Frank,andJim.These9alljustsataroundandtalked.Whenitwastimeformetogohome,IfoundseveralboxesinmyChevyfilledwithlittlejeans,toysandanenormousturkey.Icouldnotbelievemyeyes!Iwascryingwithgratitude.AndIwillneverforgetthejoyonthefacesofmylittleonesthat10morning.Yes,therewereangelsinIndianathatlong-agoDecembermorning.AndtheyallhungoutattheBigWheeltruckstop.1.A.ignoredB.appreciatedC.fearedD.recognized2.A.soB.butC.becauseD.or3.A.loadedB.movedC.invitedD.handed4.A.questionB.teachC.consultD.convince5.A.arguedB.bargainedC.agreedD.planned6.A.onlyB.definitelyC.fullyD.clearly7.A.draggedB.rolledC.directedD.carried8.A.prayedB.concludedC.announcedD.wondered9.A.visitorsB.regularsC.neighborsD.strangers10.A.comfortableB.satisfyingC.preciousD.educational第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）\n阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AHumansliketolivenearriversandtheyoftenfind11(they)needingtocrossthem.Thesimplestwayacrossariveristofordit.Fordingistofind12theriverisshallowandcrossitsafelywithoutusingaboat.Itmeans13(pretend)theriverisnotthere,continuingtowalk,andhopingforthebest.Butsometimesevenwateratshallowareascanbesurprisinglydangerous,14isbecauseit’snotalwayseasytotellhowfastthewaterismoving.Itonlytakesankle-deepwatertosweepapersonofftheirfeet.BSincelastmonth,morethanhalfofAmerica’sschooldistricts15(report)“severe”or“desperate”schoolbusdrivershortages.SufferinglikethismakesthemthankfulforpeoplelikeMichaelMason.Drivingaschoolbusisn’tMichaelMason’sfirstjob;heusedtoworkforthegovernment.Butunlikemanyretirees,Masonisnotsittinghomeandrelaxing.16(lend)ahelpinghand,hestartedanewjob—abusdriver.Masonhopestoinspireothersinthecommunity.Hesays,“Ibelieveifallofusgivealittlesomething,we17(make)adifferenceintheworld.”COnceuponatime,lighthouses,builttohelpguideshipsawayfromdangerousrocksandreefs,18(locate)inwild,remoteareas.Theywereconsidered19(lonely)placesintheworldtoliveandwork.Today,withautomaticlightingthatcanguideshipsatsea,thelighthouseisathingofthepast.Still,manylighthousesthroughouttheworldhavebeenpreserved20museumsorimportantbuildings.Somehaveevenbeenturnedintorestaurantsorhotels.Theyareplacesforpeopletovisitandtogobackintime.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AGRANDPARENTSWILLLOVETHESEGADGETSGrandparentsdeservethefinerthingsinlife.Nowit’stimetorewardyourlovedoneswithsomegreatgifts.Tohelpfamilyshoppersout,we’veputtogetheralistofgadgetsthatwon’tbreakthebank.Thesegiftsforgrandparentsmakeeverythingmoreenjoyable.Moneycan’tbuyhappiness,butsometimesitcanhelppromoteyourconnection.001//FORGRANDPARENTSWHOLOVETOREADAll-newKindlePaperwhiteisaworthwhileupgradeforgrandparentswholikereadinge-books.Thisversionfeaturesalarger6.8-inchdisplayandadjustablewarmlight.Grandparentswillhavenotroubleoperatingit.Thenewoneprovides32GB—plentyofspaceforfavoritebooktitles.Price:32GB—$190(anadditional$20forthead-freeversion)002//FORGRANDPARENTSWHOAREFARAWAYBeingapartfromchildrenandgrandchildrenisdifficult,butFiliminFriendshipLampscanensuregrandparentsareneveroutofmindevenifthey’reoutofsight.EachfamilymemberconnectstheFriendshipLamptoWi-Fi.Ittakeslittleefforttosetupanduse.Keepone,givetheothertograndparents,andwheneveryoutouchyourlamp,theirswilllightuptoo.Youcancustomizetheselampswithover200coloroptions.Price:$105(10%discountifyoubuyonFilimin’swebsite)003//FORGRANDPARENTSWHOENJOYCONVENIENCE\nNothingbeatsawarmcupofcoffeeonafreezingwintermorning,andtheEmberTemperatureControlSmartMugkeepsdrinksattheperfecttemperaturenomatterhowlongittakesgrandmaorgrandpatoenjoytheircoffeeortea.Ithardlyrequiresanycomplexstepstouse.Thetemperaturecanbecontrolledviasmartphoneapp.Purchaseitinourphysicalstorestoday.Price:$99.95($180fortwo)004//FORGRANDPARENTSWHOLOSETHINGSNothingismorefrustratingthanbeingreadytogosomewhereimportantandbeingunabletofindthecarkeys.Eskymakeslostkeysathingofthepast.Fourreceiverscanbeattachedtograndparents’mosttreasureditems.Byjustpressingthecolor-codedbuttononthetransmitter,grandparentscanbeledtolostitemsbyabeepingsound.YoucanorderitonAmazon.Price:$24.99($20inMay)21.Whatinformationcanwegetfromtheadvertisement?A.TheEmberMugcankeepdrinkswarmforalimitedtime.B.ItisimpossibletoskipadvertisementswhileusingKindlePaperwhite.C.UsersknowtheirfamilyarethinkingofthemwhentheFriendshipLampison.D.ClickingabuttonontheEskyreceiverenablesuserstofindthingsthey’velost.22.Whatfeaturedothefourproductshaveincommon?A.Onlineavailability.B.Easyoperation.C.Specialdiscount.D.Smartphonecontrol.23.Whoisthisadvertisementintendedfor?A.Familymemberswantingtobuygiftsfortheirelders.B.Salespeoplestudyinggrandparents’preferences.C.Companiessellingproductstoelderlypeople.D.Grandparentsfavoringadvancedtechnology.BMynameisStellaYoung.IgrewupinaverysmallcountrytowninVictoria.Ihadaverynormal,low-keykindofupbringing.Iwenttoschool;Ihungoutwithmyfriends;Ifoughtwithmyyoungersisters.Itwasallverynormal.AndwhenIwas15,amemberofmylocalcommunityapproachedmyparentsandwantedtosubmitmynameforacommunityachievementaward.Myparentssaid,“Hmm,that’sreallynice,butthere’skindofoneobviousproblemwiththat.Shehasn’tactuallyachievedanything.”Andtheywereright.YouknowIwenttoschool,Igotgoodmarks,andIhadaverylow-keyafter-schooljobinmymum’shairdressingsalon.Yearslater,IwasonmysecondteachingroundinaMelbournehighschool,andIwasabout20minutesintoayear-11LegalStudiesclasswhenaboyputuphishandandsaid,“HeyMiss,whenareyougoingtostartyourspeech?”AndIsaid,“Whatspeech?”Andhesaid,“Youknow,like,yourmotivationalspeaking.Youknow,whenpeopleinwheelchairscometoschool,theyusuallysay,like,inspirationalstuff.It’susuallyinthebighall.”AndthatwasthemomentIrealizedthatthiskidhadonlyeverexperienceddisabledpeopleasobjectsofinspiration.Forlotsofus,disabledpeoplearenotourteachersorourdoctors.We’renotrealpeople.Wearetheretoinspire.Yeah,we’vebeensoldtheliethatdisabilityisabadthing,andtolivewithadisabilitymakesyouexceptional.It’snotabadthing,anditdoesn’tmakeyouexceptional.Andinthepastfewyears,we’vebeenabletospreadthislieevenfurtherthroughsocialmedia.Lifeasadisabledpersonisactuallysomewhatdifficult.Wedoovercomesomethings.Buttheyhavenothingtodowith\nourbodies.Iusetheterm“disabledpeople”purposely,becauseIsubscribetowhat’scalledthesocialmodelofdisability.Thismodeltellsusthatwearemoredisabledbythesocietythatweliveinthanbyourbodiesandourdiagnoses(诊断).Iwanttoliveinaworldwherewedon’thavesuchlowexpectationsofdisabledpeoplethatwearecongratulatedforgettingoutofbedandrememberingourownnamesinthemorning.Iwanttoliveinaworldwherewevaluedisabledpeople’srealachievement.AndIwanttoliveinaworldwhereayear-11kidinaMelbournehighschoolisnotonebitsurprisedthathisnewteacherisawheelchairuser.24.WhatcanwelearnfromStellaYounginthefirstparagraph?A.Shecouldn’tgetalongwellwithherfriendsandsisters.B.Sheplayedakeyroleathermum’shairdressingsalon.C.Shereceivedanawardforagreatachievement.D.Shelivedanordinarylifeinacountrytown.25.WhatcanweinferfromthedialoguebetweenStellaYoungandtheboy?A.Theboydidn’thavemuchlifeexperience.B.Peoplehavefixedideasaboutthedisabled.C.Thedisabledcan’tfinddecentjobsbecausetheyareincapable.D.StellaYoungfeltuncomfortablebecauseoftheboy’simpoliteness.26.Accordingtothepassage,StellaYoungmayagreethat________.A.socialmediaoffendsthepublicbyspreadingliesaboutthedisabledB.thedisabledarelesslikelytobesuccessfulintheircareersC.society’sattitudemakesdisabledpeople’slifedifficultD.people’sexpectationsofthedisabledaretoohigh27.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.OnthejourneytobecomingexceptionalB.ThesecretbehindmydisabilityC.ShowsympathytothedisabledD.I’mnotyourinspirationCMusicisapowerfulthing.Itawakensfeelingsandhasthepowertobringpeopletogether.Buttoday,artistsarenotknownfortheirmusic,butforhowflashytheirclothingisandhowmanytimestheirwealthyrelativescangetthemoutofjail(监狱).Andthus,theirmusicislost.Popandrapmusichasdevelopedintoashallow,image-addictedindustrythatlinesupwithwhatthepublicwantstohearandsee,removingthefocusontheactualmusic.Mainstreammusicisnolongercomposedofemotion,butinstead,themesofmoneyandfame.Photosandrumorsflywhilethemusicisignored.Notallmusicalgroupsorindividualartistsbeginlikethis.Manyoftheseartistsareoriginalandtalented,butturntothemoneyside.Oftentheirsongsarewrittenbyexpertswhoknowwhatisappealingtoacertainagegroup,andthemusicians’facescanbeseenoncountlessmagazinecovers.Soontheirsupposedlynewandimprovedsongscanbeheardblastingoutofcarwindows.Butthesesongsaretotallyempty,lackingcreativityandtheoriginalthirstoftheartisttomakeanimpactorconvey(传递)amessage.MTVisnothelping.Itplaysonlywhatthepublicwantstohear.Andunfortunately,themajorityseemsinterestedineithersicklysweet,genericpoporstereotypical(刻板的),bleeped-outrap.Kidsandteenseverywhereareswimminginthesesongs,whichareoftendegradingtowomenandminorities,andinappropriate.Almostallthegirlsinmydormareaddictedtothesamesongs.Thiswasthecasethepreviousyear,andtheyearbefore\nthat.WheneverItrytoplaymusicIenjoy,orintroducethemtosomedecentsongs,theysaythateveryoneexceptmelikestheirmusic.Whydomostteenagersonlylistentopopandrapmusicwhensomanyothertypesexist?Maybeit’sbecauseeverywherewelook,wearebombardedwiththesamemusic:ontheradio,onTV,onthecomputer.Atschool,popandraparediscussedallthetime.Perhapstheyhaveneverlistenedtoanythingelse.Ormaybepeerpressureispartofit.Thereisnosolutiontothe“popproblem”.It’scalledpopularforareason—manypeopleenjoyit.There’snoeasywaytochangetheirviews.Mysuggestionisnottobuymusiclikethiswhenyoucanexploresomethingnew.Expandyourhorizons.Digupyourparents’oldrecordsandCDs.Youneverknowwhatyoumightfind.28.Theauthorprobablyprefers________.A.newpopsongsmeantforgirlsB.originalsongswithdeepmeaningC.catchysongsproducedbypopularsingersD.never-heard-beforesongsjustrecentlydiscovered29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Manyartiststradecreativityforwealthandfame.B.Thepublicisresponsiblefortheexistenceofmusic.C.MTVpromotesthesongsfavoredbywomenandminorities.D.Musicianssingingaboutmoneyisanineffectivewaytoattractfans.30.Whatismostprobablytheauthor’ssuggestionforyoungpeople?A.Trytorespectyourpeers’musictastes.B.Dealwiththe“popproblem”patiently.C.Exposeyourselftovariousmusicstyles.D.Treasurethemusicfrompreviousgenerations.DNASAwillcrashaspacecraftintoanasteroid(小行星)totrytochangeitsorbit,attemptingtopreventhumansgoingthesamewayasthedinosaurs.Earthisconstantlybeingdisturbedbysmallpiecesofdebris(碎片),buttheyusuallyburnuporbreakuplongbeforetheyhittheground.Onceinawhile,however,somethinglargeenoughtodosignificantdamagemakesimpact.About66millionyearsago,onesuchcrashisthoughttohavewipedoutthedinosaurs.Someday,somethingsimilarcouldendhumanbeings—unlesswecanfindawaytotackleit.NASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest(Dart)missionisthefirstattempttotestifsuchasteroidredirectionisarealisticstrategy:investigatingwhetheraspacecraftcanautonomouslyreachatargetasteroidandintentionallycrashintoit,aswellasmeasuringtheamountofredirection.“Ifitworks,itwouldbeabigdeal,becauseitwouldprovethatwehavethetechnicalcapabilityofprotectingourselves,”saidJayTate,thedirectoroftheNationalNearEarthObjectInformationCenter.The610kgDartspacecraftisscheduledtobelaunchedatthetarget—theDidymossystem—aharmlesspairofasteroidsconsistingofa163-metre“moonlet”asteroidcalledDimorphosthatorbitsalarger780-metreasteroidcalledDidymos(Greekfor“twin”).TheplanistocrashthespacecraftintoDimorphoswhentheasteroidsystemisatitsclosesttoEarth—about6.8millionmilesaway.About10daysbeforeimpact,aminiaturizedsatellitecalledLiciaCubewillseparatefromthemainspacecraft,enablingimagesoftheimpacttoberelayedbacktoEarth.Combinedwithobservationsfromground-basedtelescopes,andanonboard\ncamerathatwillrecordthefinalmomentsbeforethecrash,theserecordingswillenablescientiststocalculatethedegreetowhichtheimpacthaschangedDimorphos’sorbit.Theexpectationisthatitwillchangethespeedofthesmallerasteroidbyapproximately1%andreduceitsorbitaroundthelargerasteroid.Then,inNovember2024,theEuropeanSpaceAgency’sHeraspacecraftwillvisittheDidymossystemandconductafurtherclose-upanalysisoftheconsequencesofthissnooker(斯诺克)game,recordingdetailssuchastheprecisemakeupandinternalstructureofDimorphos,andthesizeandshapeoftheholeleftbyDart.Suchdetailsarevitalfortransformingasteroidredirectionintoarepeatabletechnique.Eventhen,itisimpossiblethatanysingleredirectionstrategywouldbeenough.“Theproblemisthatnotwoasteroidsorcometsarealike,andhowyouredirectonedependsonahugenumberofvariables.Thereisnosilverbulletinthisgame.Whatyouneedisawholefolderofdifferentredirectionmethodsfordifferenttypesoftargets,”saidTate.So,whilethismaybeonesmallsteptowardsplanetaryprotection,manymorearelikelytobenecessarytoavoiddestruction.31.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A.Toexaminetheimpactofdinosaurs’extinction.B.Toexplainthenecessityoflaunchingaspacecraft.C.Toshowthedamagecausedbysmallpiecesofdebris.D.Tohighlightthecrisisthreateninghumanbeingsatpresent.32.Whichofthefollowingpicturesillustratesthemission?33.WhatisthefunctionofLiciaCube?A.SendingimpactdatabacktoEarth.B.CalculatingthelengthofDimorphos’sorbit.C.Helpingthesatelliteseparatefromthespacecraft.D.Recordingthescientists’ground-basedobservations.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Thereisnosilverbulletinthisgame”mean?A.Thereisnochallengetoobigtoovercome.B.ThereisnopossibilitytosatisfyNASA’sneeds.\nC.Thereisnosinglesolutiontothecomplexproblem.D.Thereisnostrategytohelpmakeanobviousdecision.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Usuallywhensomeoneisdisgustedbysomething,hefeelsitisunpleasantandstaysawayfromit,sodisgustmostlyprotectspeoplefromgettingsick.However,gettingalittledirtycanhaveitsadvantages.Studiesshowthatkidsunderageonewhophysicallyinteractwithadogwillhavea13%reductioninthelikelihoodofdevelopingasthma,abreathingproblem.Inthelate1860s,CharlesDarwinproposedthatbeingdisgustedcouldhaveadevelopmentalpurpose.35Heguessedthattheearlyhumansmostlikelytofeeldisgustedsurvivedtopassontheirgenes(基因),whilethemorenutritionallydaringdiedoff.36Itwasn’tuntiltheearly1990s,atimewhengameshowseagerlyslimedcontestants,thatdisgustgotmoreattentioninpsychologicalandbehavioralresearch.Sincethen,scientistshaveidentifieddifferenttypesofdisgustandhaveexploredhowtheyaffectthewaywebehave.TheresearchshowsthatDarwinwasbasicallyright:disgustisamajorpartofthebehavioralimmunesystemthatprotectspeoplefromdisease,acollectionofactionsinfluencedbysomeofthemostnaturalreactionsthatkeepourbodiesinsuperiorcondition.Wealreadyknowthatnotallgerms(病菌)arebadforus.37Sciencealsotellsusthatgettingabitdirtyhelpspeoplemorereadilyfightdisease.“Disgustisassociatedwithfewerinfections,soitisahelpfulemotionindisease-relevantcontexts,”saysJoshuaAckerman,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofMichigan.However,hesaysitcanbeadouble-edgedsword.38Andsomeofthosethingscouldactuallyimproveourhealth.39Disgustispartofsociety’sbalance.Toolittle,andwemightgetsick.Toomuchofitcanharmourhealth.Figuringoutthiscomplexproblemcouldhelpresearchersunderstandavarietyofhumanbehaviors.A.Theyworkwithourbodytomaintainabalance.B.Theywerequitecertainthatbeingdisgustedcouldbenefitpeople.C.Nobodyisquitesurewhetherdisgustisapositiveornegativething.D.Formanyyearsafterward,though,scientistsdidn’tpaymuchattentiontodisgust.E.Whathemeansisthatit’salsoassociatedwithdislikeforunfamiliarthings,likefood.F.Disgustbecameadvancedtopreventourancestorsfromeatingspoiledfoodthatmightkillthem.G.Researchersacrossfieldscontinuetoexploredisgustsowecanbetterunderstandourworldandourselves.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Anewstudyasksthequestion:Doconversationsendwhenpeoplewantthemto?Theanswerisno.Thestudyincludedtwoparts.Thefirstpartwasanonlinesurveythatasked806peoplewhethertherewasamomentrecentlytheyhadwantedtoendaconversationwithaclosefriendandtoestimatewhenthatmomentwasinrelationtowhenthetalkreacheditsconclusion.Thesecondpartinvolved252peoplepairedupwithstrangersinalabtochataboutwhatevertheyfeltlikeforanywherebetweenoneand45minutes.\n67percentoftherespondentsinthefirstpartofthestudysaidtheywantedtheconversationtoendbeforeitactuallydid,andmosthadsecretlywishedthechathadbeeneither50percentlongeror50percentshorterthanitwas.“Whateveryouthinktheotherpersonwants,youmaywellbewrong,”saysAdamMastroianni,apsychologyresearcheratHarvardUniversityandthestudy’sleadauthor.“Soyoumightaswellleavewhenitseemsappropriate,becauseit’sbettertobeleftwantingmorethanless.”Inthesecondpartofthestudy,nearly70percentofthepeoplereportedwantingtheconversationtobeoverbeforeitended.Justtwopercentoftheconversationswrappedupatatimebothpeoplewerehappywith,and30percentofthemendedwhenoneofthepartieswanted.Theresearchersalsoaskedstudyparticipantstoguesswhentheirconversationalpartnershadwantedtostoptalking.Thoseguesseswerewrong,eitheroverorunderestimatingtheotherperson’sdesiretocontinuethetalk,byabout64percentoftheconversation’sactuallength.Takentogether,theresultssuggestthatwearen’tveryskilledatestimatingeachothers’desiresaboutwhentoendaconversation.ThaliaWheatley,asocialpsychologistatDartmouthCollegesaysthefindingsareimportant,addingthatconversationsare“anelegantexpressionofjointcooperation”.However,shesays,“Itallfallsapartattheendbecausewejustcan’tfigureoutwhentostop.”Mastroiannisayshistakeawayisthattryingtoguesswhatsomeoneyou’rechattingwithwantsisalmostpointless.“Youreallyhavenoideawhentheotherpersonwantstogo.Somaybe,stoptryingandjustrelaxandenjoytheconversation.”40.Wherewerethetwopartsofthestudycarriedout?41.Inwhatwayweretheparticipants’guesseswronginthesecondpartofthestudy?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.It’seasytofindapropertimetoendaconversationwithaclosefriend.43.Ifyoudesiretoendaconversation,wouldyoutelltheotherpersondirectly?Whyorwhynot?(Inabout40words)第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校将在暑期举办英语夏令营活动,正在招募外籍志愿者担任助教。请给你的英国朋友Jim写封邮件,希望他参加招募，内容包括：1.夏令营相关信息；2.外籍助教的职责。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。\nDearJim,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）\n