北京市海淀区2022届高三英语下学期第一次模拟试卷（Word版附答案）

海淀区2021—2022学年第二学期期中练习2022.03高三英语本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选岀最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasabouttosleepwhensomeoneknockedonmywindow.Knock,knock.Thenathree-secondpause.Knock,knock.ImmediatelyIknewitwasmybestfriend,Ben.Theknock1wasouremergencycallwhichnevermeansanythinggood."What'sgoingon?"Irushedtoopenthewindowandasked.Benclimbedin."Badnews."Hegavemea2look,andIimmediatelyknewwhatitwas.Myheart3.1gavehimanod,andhesighedinresponse.“Whereto?”Iasked.“Virginia.”“That'sfarfromFlorida.”Welookedateachotherknowingwewerethinkingthesame.BothBenandIhadparentsintheairforce.Wewereusedtofrequentmoves.BenandIbecameclosefriendssinceIcrashedintoBen'sstandandsentplasticcupsoflemonadeflyingintotheheavens.Atfirst,I4Florida.Everythingchanged,though,whenI5rollerskatedintoBen'slemonadestand."Itmusthavebeenfate!"weclaimed.ButIthinkthat,maybe,therewassome6inthatlemonade,andthatasitraineddownonus,itcastaspellmakingusfriendsforever."MaybeyourfamilywillgetmovedtoVirginiatoo."Bensaid."Yeah,maybe.”Iknewthechancewaslow,butIchosetohope.Bengrinnedatme.Thoughitlookedsad,Isaw7inhimtoo.“I'llhavealemonadestand8foryou.”"ThenI'llpackmyroller-skates.”"ThenI'llwearaponcho（雨披).”We9.ThehumidFloridanightclosedaroundus,andIfeltatinydropofliquidsplashonmyarm.Iknewitwasprobablyrain,butstill,Ithoughtthat,maybe,itwasadropofmagiclemonade,becausenothingonearthcanbreakthe10betweenus.1.A.soundB.patternC.numberD.symbol2.A.playfulB.gratefulC.cheerfulD.meaningful3.A.failedB.softenedC.sankD.relieved4.A.hatedB.missedC.exploredD.appreciated5.A.graduallyB.narrowlyC.constantlyD.accidentally6.A.signB.magicC.flavourD.wish7.A.hopeB.joyC.courageD.support8.A.necessaryB.convenientC.readyD.useful9.A.struggledB.arguedC.laughedD.compromised10.A.ruleB.bondC.barrierD.balance,第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AXuMengtao,theflag-bearerfortheChinesedelegationattheclosingceremonyof2022WinterOlympics,hasgotmultipleworldchampionships.Butherroad11glorywasnotsmooth,sinceitwasaccompaniedbymanyinjuries.Itwasherpassionforsports,herpersistenceanddeterminationthathelpedhercontinueandshefinally12(win)thegoldmedalatherfourthOlympics.Hersuccessgoesbeyondsportsasitmotivatesbothathletesandordinarypeoplein13(they)pursuitofdreams.BBasedonARandVR,themetaverseaimstobringpeopleclosertogetherinanonlinesetting,enablingthemtobeconnectedinwaystheycouldn'tbebefore.Imagine14(attend)ameetingfromthecomfortofyourcouch,whereyoudon'tdressup,butyouravatardoes.You'reseatedatavirtualtablewithotherpeople15reactionsandbodylanguagecanbejudgedjustaswellastheywouldbeinreallife.Ametaversecouldverylikelybringthese16(imagine)toreality,andsoon.CEveryonehasasenseofhumor,butit'sprettyevidentthatnoteverybodyhasagoodsenseofit.Psychologistsaxedividedon17humorisinbornorlearnable.However,thereisonethingthat18(accept)universallysofar—thesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Itisassociatedwithlaughterandlaughterisassociatedwithhappinessandcourage.Thesearequalities19(share)withotherformsoflife.Butifhappinessisoneofthegoals20(chase)inlife,thenitis,thesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.,第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AOldandunrestoredtheatresareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anewphotobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.Proctor'sTheatre,Newark,NewJerseyAlthoughavailableoutdoorsfromstreetsellers,foodwasbannedintheatrestodisplayrespectability.Inthelate1920s,however,theoperatorsinProctor'sTheatreinNewarkbegantosetupstandstoimprovetheeconomicsituationduringtheGreatDepression.PopcornandCokewouldbecomeasignificantpartofthetheatre'sincome.Proctor'sTheatre,Troy,NewYorkOriginallyopenedasProctor'sFourthStreetTheatrein1914,ithostedfamouscomedianssuchasJackBennyandBobHope.From1929,itwassuccessivelytakenover,renamedasProctor'sTroyTheatreandswitchedtoscreeningfilms.Inthe1960s,itbeganplayingsecond-runfilmsbeforeclosingin1977.ItwaslistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces(NRHP)in1979.In2010,thetheatrewasrepairedbutiscurrentlynotbeingusedtoday.RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatre,NewYorkOriginallyopenedin1928,RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatrewasdesignedbyThomasLamb.In1982,itwaslistedontheNRHP.In1986,thetheatrewasboughtandclosedbyitsnewownerwhoplannedtobuildashoppingcentreonthesite,intentionallydamagingthehall.In2019,despitethepreservationefforts,thehallwasknockeddowntomakewayforaresidentialtowerblock.MetropolitanOperaHouse,PhiladelphiaThetheatrewasoriginallyopenedasthePhiladelphiaOperaHousein1908.Inthe1920s,itwasrenamedastheMetropolitanOperaHouse,showingsilentfilmsinadditiontohostingvariousoperacompanies.Inthe1940s,itbecameasportsarena.In1954,itwasturnedintoachurch.Inthelate1990s,thebuildingwaspurchasedbyMarkHatcher.Thechurchandthedevelopercametoanagreementonarepairforamusicvenuethatwascompletedandreopenedin2018.21.Inthelate1920s,Proctor'sTheatreinNewarksetupstandsto-A.showrespectfortheguestsB.increasethetheatre'sincomeC.promotenewlyreleasedmoviesD.competewiththestreetsellers22.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatreiswellpreserved.B.Proctor'sTheatreinTroyplayssecond-runfilmsnow.C.MetropolitanOperaHousehaswitnessedchangesinitsfunction.D.Proctor'sTheatreinNewarkhasbeenofficiallylistedontheNRHP.23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toranktheoldandunrestoredtheatres.,A.ToshowthedevelopmentofAmericantheatres.B.Toencouragepeopletoprotecttheoldtheatres.C.Toprovideinformationonoverlookedoldtheatres.BTotheuntrainedeye,apingpongballisjustapingpongball.ToaBeverlyClearyfan,it'stwomotorcyclehelmetsformice.EversinceIreadCleary'sseriesaboutRalph,themotorcycle—ridingmouse,I'veneverlookedatapingpongball—ortheworld—thesameway.Amazingtothinkthatit'sbeenmorethanfortyyearssinceIcheckedoutTheMouseandtheMotorcyclefrommyschoollibraryinNorthport,andyetthatoneparticularimageisascleartomeasever.Andwhyshouldn'titbe?It'sperfect.HowIwantedamouseofmyowntorideatoymotorcyclearoundmyhouse!ThankstoCleary'sgenius,atalkingmousefriendseemednotonlypossiblebutprobable.Whilemuchofchildren'sliteratureattemptedtoexplaintheworldfromthepointofviewofawiseandgentleadult,Clearycreatedcharacterswhosawtheworldasonlychildrencan.Withgreatinterest,IreadeverybookthatboreBeverlyCleary'sname.SheseemedlikeafriendwhounderstoodmeinwaysIdidn'tyetunderstandmyself.I'vewritteneightchildren'sbooksandhavealwayskeptBeverly'ssenseofwonderinmind.Idon'trememberatexactlywhatageIdecidedIwantedtowritebooks,butIknowthatbysecondorthirdgrade,myteacherassignedaprojectthatallowedustofocusonwhateverwewanted.Mybestfriendpickeddolphins;Ichosechildren'sauthors,withalargechunkofmyprojectbeingaboutwhoelse?BeverlyCleary!Itoldthatstoryrecentlytoaschoolgroup.Oneofthestudentssaid,"That'sfantastic!Youdidyourprojectonchildren'sauthorsandthenyoubecameone!”“Yes,”Isaid."Andmybestfriendwhodidherprojectondolphins—becameadolphin!，,"Really?”thestudentssaidinchorus.AndthatperfectlysumsupwhyIlovewritingforchildren:thebeliefthatfantastic,magicalthingscanhappen.Bestfriendscanbecomedolphins;micecanridetoymotorcyclesandbecomeourfriends.That’swhatBeverlyCleaiytaughtme.Inthehandsofagiftedstoryteller,anythingispossible...andsoveryfunny.24.TheMouseandtheMotorcycleimpressedtheauthormainlybecause.A.itrecordedanimals'lifeB.itrevealedthewisdomoflifeC.itencouragedchildrentoraisepetsD.itdescribedtheworldfromchildren'seyes25.Whenlearningtheauthor’sfriendbecameadolphin,thestudentsfelt.A.amazedB.doubtfulC.scaredD.confused,26.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Whattheauthorcreatedtoattractchildren.B.Whattheauthordidtoturnimpossibleintopossible.C.HowBeverlyClearyarousedchildren'sinterestinreading.D.HowtheauthorwasinspiredtobeawriterbyBeverlyCleary.CWhenachunkoficefellfromacollapsingglacier（冰川）ontheSwissAlps'MountEigerin2017,partofthelongdeepsounditproducedwastoolowforhumanearstodetect.Butthesevibrationsheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanche's（崩塌）criticalcharacteristics.Low-frequencysoundwayescalledinfrasoundthattravelgreatdistancesthroughtheatmospherearealreadyusedtomonitoractivevolcanoesfromafar.Nowsomeresearchersinthisfieldhaveswitchedfocusfromfiretoice:dangerousblockssnappingoffglaciers.Previousworkhasanalyzedinfrasoundfromsnowavalanchesbutneverice,saysBoiseStateUniversitygeophysicistJeffreyJohnson."Thiswasdifferent,Johnsonsays."Asignatureofanewmaterialhasbeendetectedwithinfrasound."Usuallyglaciersmovefartooslowlytogenerateaninfrasoundsignal,whichresearcherspickupusingdetectorsthattrackslightchangesinairpressure.Butacollapse—asudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier'smainbody—isaprolificinfrasoundproducer.Glacialcollapsesdriveiceavalanches,whichposeanincreasingthreattopeopleinmountainousregionsasrisingtemperaturesweakenlargefieldsofice.Aglacierucanbecomedetachedfromthegroundduetomelting,causingbiggerbreak—offs,”saysUniversityofFlorencegeologistEmanueleMarchetti,leadauthorofthenewstudy.Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitoranddetectsuchcollapses.Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisprecisebutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak—offeventsaroundamuchbroaderareaaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.Itischallenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponents(suchastrafficnoises,individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakes)withoutadditionalmeasurements,saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel."ThemodelusedbyMarchettiisafirstapproximationforthis,”shesays.Isolatingtherelevantsignalhelpstheresearchersmonitoraniceavalanche'sspeed,pathandvolumefromafarusinginfrasound.Marchettiandhiscolleaguesarenowworkingtoimprovetheirdetectorstopickupmoresignalsacrossat-riskregionsinEurope,andtheyhavesetupcollaborationsaroundthecontinenttobetterunderstandsignalsthatcollapsingglaciersproduce.Theyarealsorefiningtheirmathematicalanalysistofigureouteachicecascade'sphysicaldetails.26.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3?A.Infrasoundhasamajorroletoplayindiscoveringnewmaterials.B.Iceavalanchesareabiggerthreattopeoplethanvolcaniceruptions.C.Researchersaretryingtouseinfrasoundindetectingiceavalanches.D.Scientistsemployinfrasoundmoreinmountainareasthaninotherplaces.27.Whichisanadvantageofinfrasoundoverradar?A.Thecombinationwithotherrelevantsignals.B.Theaccuracyinlocatingacertain,avalanche.C.Theabilityinpickingupsignalsinwiderareas.D.Thesensitivityintrackingairpressurechanges.26.Theunderlinedword“this”inParagraph4refersto.A.distinguishingdifferentcomponentsofasignalB.detectingmultipleavalanchesatthesametimeC.calculatingthespeedandpathoficeavalanchesD.monitoringthespecificlocationoficebreak—offs27.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FromFiretoIceB.GlacierWhispersC.NatureisWarningD.SecretofIceAvalanchesDInover25years,DeSimonehasspunhisresearchfindingsintocommercialgoldbylaunchingseveralbusinesses.AsafacultymemberattheUniversityofNorthCai'olina,heprovidedscientificadviceandheldequityinthebusinesses.Buthehasneveractuallymanagedhiscompanies.Hisemployersbarhimfromsimultaneouslyholdinganacademicpostandanexecutiveposition.Thedualrolescanpresenthugeconflicts.Conflictsofinterest（COIs）occurwhenanindividual’spersonalinterests—family,friendships,financial,orsocialfactors—couldcompromisehisorherjudgment,decisions,oractionsintheworkplace,anditmakessoundcareersensetothinkabouthowtomanagethem.Researchersshoulddisclosepotentialorexistingconflictsacrossallaspectsofacademiclife.Inmostplaces,COImanagementrunsonanhonorsystem.Researchersdecidewhichfinancialholdingsandrelationshipstodisclosetouniversityadministrators.Journalsandfundersadoptasimilarsystemwhentheyaskauthorsandpeerreviewersaboutpotentialconflictsrelatedtomanuscriptorgrantapprovals.Mostresearchinstitutionsoffertrainingtohelpfacultymemberstounderstandwhatconstitutesapotentialorexistingconflict.Administratorsthendecidewhethertheinterestpresentsaconflict,andwhetherthatconflictcanbehandled.Ifso,theycreateamanagementplantoaddressit.Ifnot,researchersmustabandonthework,partnerwithresearchersatotherinstitutions,orleavetheiruniversity.Perceptionplaysapartindefiningapotentialconflict,warnsWalt,achemistatTuftsUniversity.Investigatorswhodevelopatechnologyinthelaboratoryandthentransferittotheircompanycouldcreateaconflictofinterestintheeyesoftheirstudents,Waltsays.Butthepotentialconflictcanbeavoidedbydraftingalicensingagreementthatbarsdiscoveriesfromautomaticallybeingtransferredtotheinvestigator'scompany.Waltcreatedsuchanarrangementtoassurehisstudentsthattheyweren'tactuallyworkingforhisprivatecompanies.Relationshipscanposeconflictswhenconferenceorganizersarechoosingspeakers.MembersoftheAmericanSocietyforHumanGeneticsprogramcommittee,whichselectsabstractsandtalksfortheirannualmeeting,mustrecuse（要求回避）themselvesfromconsideringtalksby,forexample,researchersattheircurrentandpastinstitutions,closecollaboratorsandthosewithwhomtheyhavepersonalorfamilialties.Evendifferingpointsofviewcanplayapart.Scacheri,ageneticistwhochairsthecommittee,saysthatmemberswhohavedisagreedpersonallywithpotentialspeakersmightalsobeobligedtorecusethemselves:"Ifyoufeellikeyoucan'tbeanimpartial（公正的）reviewer,thatisconsideredaCOI."HandlingCOIscanbeburdensome.COImanagersemphasizethatthegoalisnottosuppressinnovation,buttoexposepotentialconflictssothattheycanbemanaged."Nothingabouttheprocessismeanttobeprohibitive,”saysGrewal,aCOIofficeratMIT.Herinstitutionwantstoenablegoodscienceandthebettermentofhumanity.“Duringthatprocess,”shesays,,“ifyoumakesomemoney,that'sgoodaswell.”26.TheexampleofDeSimoneinParagraph1isusedmainlyto.A.raiseaquestionB.reportafindingC.introduceatopicD.presentatheory27.TobetterdealwithCOIs,.A.researchershavetoquittheirjobattheuniversityB.researchersshouldreporttheconflictsthatpossiblyexistC.institutionsneedtomonitorthestaff'scareerandrelationshipsA.institutionsshouldtrainresearcherstocreatemanagementplans28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.GrewalconsidersCOImanagementexhaustingandcostly.B.Waltarrangedtotransferdiscoveriesathislabtohiscompanies.C.Conferenceorganizersshouldavoidinvitingunqualifiedspeakers.D.Scacheribelievespersonalviewpointsmayimpactareviewer9sdecision.29.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.COIscanbedefineddependingoninterpretations.B.COIsbenefitscientificinnovationandbetterhumanity.C.COIsariseprimarilyduetothepursuitoffinancialgains.D.COIscanbegotridofbypromotingfairnessinworkplaces.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogoovereverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.35Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitivebias（偏见），atendencytowardaspecificmentalmistake.Tostudy"jumping”，weexamineddecision-makingpatternsamongmorethan600peoplefromthegeneralpopulation.Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtfulanalysis.36InaquizaboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswererightsignificantlymorethanotherparticipantsdid—evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.Sowhatisbehind"jumping"?Psychologicalresearcherscommonlydistinguishbetweentwopathwaysofthought:automaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcometothemindeasily,spontaneouslyandwithouteffort,andcontrolledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Jumpersandnonjumpersareequallyinfluencedbyautomaticthoughts.37.Itisthecontrolledsystemthathelpspeoplecounterbalancementalbiasesintroducedbytheautomaticsystem.Asaresult,jumpersweremorelikelytoaccepttheconclusionsmadeatfirstblushwithoutfurtherquestioning.Alackofcontrolledthinkingisalsomorebroadlyconnectedtotheirproblematicbeliefsandfaultyreasoning.38Amethodcalledmetacognitivetrainingcanbeusedtotargettheirbiases,whichcan,helppeoplethinkmoredeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsareconfrontedwiththeirownbiases.Theycanlearnaboutthemisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpstochipawayatparticipants'overconfidence.Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadgowithourgutisafrequentandimportantone.39Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakecanbetotakesomemoretimebeforemakingachoice.A.Happily,theremaybesomehopeforjumpers.B.Also,jumpershadproblemswithoverconfidence.C.Butafairnumberofindividualsarequicktojumptoconclusions.D.Itiscertainlypossibleforthemtooverthinkthingstotakeadecision.E.Weplantocontinuetheworktotraceotherproblemsintroducedbyjumping.F.Thejumpers,however,didnotengageincontrolledreasoningtothesamedegreeasnon-jumpers.G.Recentstudiesshowthatevengatheringjustalittlebitmoreevidencemayhelpusavoidamajormistake.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Youmightnothaveheardofthe"freshstarteffect”，butifyou'veevermadeaNewYear'sresolution,you'refamiliarwithit.Ilreferstothehumantendencytotakeactiontowardsachievingagoalafteraspecialoccasionorkeydatehaspassed.Thefreshstarteffectissimple.Mostpeoplewanttoimprovethemselvesinsomeway.Whenwehitimportantmilestones,we'reoftenlikelytoreflect:arewewherewethoughtwe'dbel）yacertainage?Wasthisyearasuccessfulyear,ordidwewasteit?Annuallandmarkslikebirthdays,orthestartofanewyear,signifyanewtimeperiodandanopportunitytoleaveslip-upsbehindandtosetnewgoalsforbetterbehavior.Researchshowsthatanticipationofanewbeginningisakeymotivatorforthefreshstarteffect.Forexample,peopleaged29,39,49etc.were48%morelikelytorunamarathonforthefirsttime.Whentheywereapproachinganewdecade,theyweremorelikelytosearchformeaningintheirlivesandtrytoimprovethemselves.Thereasonissimple.Whenweseeourpastselfasseparatefromourcurrentself,wefeeliteasiertointroducenewgoalsandtakeaction.What'sinterestingaboutthefreshstarteffectisthatwedon'tneedtowaitforbigmilestonestotakeadvantageofthissuddendoseofmotivation.Studiesshowthatthefirstdayofeachmonthandeveneachweekcanalsoinspireus.Thesedays,knownas"temporallandmarks”,encourageustostepbackandevaluateourcurrentsituation.Andwhenwedothis,wegainthemotivationtobebetter:webecomemoredrivenandmoreproductive.Thatiswhypeoplearemorelikelyto,startdietsorexerciseplansonMonday,ratherthanthenextday.Freshstartsareexcitingopportunitiestolearnfromyourmistakesandmoveforward.Soifyou'recurrentlyexperiencinglossofmotivation,questioningthemeaningofyourwork,orjustfeellikeyou'restuckinarut,whydon'tyouusethefreshstarteffectinyourownlife?40.Accordingtothepassage,whatis"freshstarteffect”？41.Whyisitthat“anticipationofanewbeginningisakeymotivatorforthefreshstarteffect”？42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Afreshstartlikethefirstdayofeachweekisatimewhenwforgetaboutourmistakesandmoveforward.43.Besidesthefreshstarteffect,inwhatotherwaysdoyoumotivateyourselfinyourlife?(Inabout40words）第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三（1）班班长李华。你班即将开展五一劳动节活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：1.活动目的及安排；2.注意事项。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,Yours,LiHua,海淀区2021—2022学年第二学期期中练习答案第一部分知识运用(共两节30分)第一节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，共15分)1B2D3C4A5D6B7A8C9C10B第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)11.to12.won13.their14.attending15.whose16.imaginations17.whether18.hasbeenaccepted19.shared20.tochase第二部分阅读理解(共两节38分)第一节(共14小题:每小题2分，共28分)A:21.B22.C23.DB:24.D25.A26.DC:27.C28.C29.A30.BD:31.C32.B33.D34.A第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，共10分)26.C36.B37.F38.A39.G第三部分书面表达第一节略第二节略