山东省日照市2022届高三下学期3月一模考试英语试题（Word版带解析）

2019级高三模拟考试英语试题本试卷共三部分，共10页。满分120分。考试时间100分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的条形码粘贴在答题卡相应的位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATeenadventure:Europecoasttocoast2022IfyouareinterestedinEuropeCoasttoCoastforthesummerof2022,pleasereachouttousandwewillnotifyyouwhenwe’vepublishedthe2022scheduleandopenedtheapplication.Holland,Belgium,ParisOurgroupwillgatherinAmsterdamandspendthefirstnightintheancientDutchcityofHaarlembeforepickingupthewell-traveledNordzeeroutebikeroute.Thisprotected,coastalpathwindsitswayalongthecoastoftheNorthSeafornearly300miles,pastwindmillsandoverbanks.We’llmakeourwaythroughcharmingDutchandBelgiantownsandcrosstheborderintoFrance.OnceinFrance,we’llridequietcountryroadsthroughsmallvillages,enjoyingthemanydelightsofruralFrenchlifealongourway.We’llcontinuesouthtoChantillyandtakeatrainintospendadayintheCityofLight.RuralFrance,Germany’sBlackForest&theBodenseeFromParis,wecontinueeastthroughthevineyard(葡萄园)coveredhillsoftheChampagneregion,intothegreenvalleysofAlsace-Lorraine,andthenontoStrasbourg,rightonFrance’sborderwithGermany.We’llcrosstheRhineRiverandfollowGermany’soutstandingnetworkofbikepathsthroughthecharmingBlackForesttotheshoresofLakeConstance,alsoknowninGermany astheBodensee.We’lllookacrossthisfamouslaketothesnow-coveredpeaksoftheAlps—thenextlegofourjourneytogether.TheAlps,NorthernItalyVeniceLeavingtheBodensee,we’llstartourclimbintoandthroughtheAustrianAlps.ShortlyafterskirtingtheSwissborder,we’llcrossintoBellaItaliaandbeginourdownhilldescent(斜坡)towardthewarmwatersoftheAdriaticSea.Uponarrival,we’llputourbikesawayandspendourfinaldaystogethercelebratingourgreatcyclingskillswhileexploringVenice,oneoftheworld’smostbeautifulandmysteriouscities.1.WherewilltheadventurersexploretheCityofLight?A.InFrance.B.InHolland.C.InBelgium.D.InGermany.2.WhatwilltheadventurersdoinGermany?A.SwimintheRhineRiver.B.SailonLakeConstance.C.GettothetopoftheAlps.D.RidethroughtheBlackForest.3.Howmanycountrieswilltheadventurerscrossintotal?A.Five.B.Six.C.Seven.D.Eight.【答案】1A2.D3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章介绍了Europecoasttocoast2022年夏季活动的行程。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Holland,Belgium,Paris部分中“OnceinFrance,we’llridequietcountryroadsthroughsmallvillages,enjoyingthemanydelightsofruralFrenchlifealongourway.We’llcontinuesouthtoChantillyandtakeatrainintospendadayintheCityofLight.(到达法国后，我们将在宁静的乡村道路上穿行，沿途欣赏法国乡村生活的种种乐趣。我们将继续向南前往尚蒂伊坐火车在光明之城度过一天。)”可知，冒险者将在法国探索光明之城。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据RuralFrance,Germany’sBlackForest&theBodensee部分中“We’llcrosstheRhineRiverandfollowGermany’soutstandingnetworkofbikepathsthroughthecharmingBlackForesttotheshoresofLakeConstance,alsoknowninGermanyastheBodensee.(我们将穿过莱茵河，沿着德国著名的自行车道网络，穿过迷人的黑森林，来到康斯坦斯湖畔，在德国也被称为博登湖。)”可知，冒险者将在德国骑自行车穿过黑森林。故选D项。 【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Holland,Belgium,Paris部分中“We’llmakeourwaythroughcharmingDutchandBelgiantownsandcrosstheborderintoFrance.(我们将穿过迷人的荷兰和比利时小镇穿过边境进入法国。)”及RuralFrance,Germany’sBlackForest&theBodensee部分中“We’llcrosstheRhineRiverandfollowGermany’soutstandingnetworkofbikepathsthroughthecharmingBlackForest...(我们将穿过莱茵河，沿着德国著名的自行车道网络，穿过迷人的黑森林……)”及最后一段中“LeavingtheBodensee,we’llstartourclimbintoandthroughtheAustrianAlps.ShortlyafterskirtingtheSwissborder,we’llcrossintoBellaItalia...(离开博登湖，我们将开始攀登并穿过奥地利阿尔卑斯山脉。绕过瑞士边境后不久，我们将进入贝拉意大利……)”可知，冒险者穿过荷兰、比利时、法国、德国、奥地利及意大利，共6个国家。故选B项。BDespiteKyleTianshibeingonlya15-year-oldUShighschooler,hehaspublishedfivesci-finovels.HisfifthbookEventidewasreleasedinJuly.However,thismaynotbehismostimpressiveachievementasKylejustreceivedthe“HeroAward”,a$20,000grandprize.ItisthetophonorintheCaliforniaYouthSustainabilityAwards.Thecompetitionaimstoencourageandsupportyoungcommunityleaderswhoaremakingadifferenceforsustainabilityintheircommunitiesbytakingactionfortheplanet.Kyle,asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.Thedevicecandetectmicroscopicparticles(粒子)inwaterbyusingalaserandmicroscope.Theseparticlescanbeharmfultopeopleandtheenvironment.KylecameupwiththeideafortheinventionbasedonhisexperiencegrowingupinSanDiego,California,US.Peoplehadnoaccesstounpolluteddrinkingwaterandhisparentsaskedhimnottodrinktapwater.Kylespentabout$60buyingthetoolsneededtoanalyzethetapwater:alaser,amicroscopeandamicro-computer.“It’sincrediblypowerfulfortheprice,”Kylesaid.Thenheusedtheirfamily’sgarageashislaboratory,doingresearchonthepollutionofdrinkingwatercausedbymicro-plastics.Kylehopestobringtomarketalow-costalternativetoolfordetectingmicro-plasticpollutionlevelsindrinkingwater.Inthisway,hecanofferhelptopeoplewhodon’thaveaccesstowaterfiltration(过滤)systems.Hehasappliedforapatent.KylesaidhissisterEmily,afreshmanatStanfordUniversity,inspiredhisinterestin environmentalresearch.Shewasrecognizednationallyfordevelopingawatercollectiondevice.TheyhavefoundedtheClearwaterInnovationprogramtoadvocateforcleanwaterthroughsocialmediaplatformsandorganizecommunitycleanupevents.4.WhatdoweknowaboutKyle?A.Heisgoodatadaptingsci-fiworks.B.Heenteredmanynovelcontests.C.Hereceivedanawardforhisinvention.DHe’sfoundmicroscopicparticlesinwater.5.WhatledtoKyle’screationofNEREID?A.People’slackofcleandrinkingwater.B.People’spoorlivingconditions.C.Hisdesiretobeacommunityleader.D.Hisfamily’sencouragement.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKyle?A.Considerateandbrave.B.Optimisticandhonest.C.Determinedandhumorous.D.Responsibleandcreative.7.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.TheintroductionofNEREID.B.Aboy’scontributiontoliterature.C.Theharmofpollutedwater.D.AUSschooler’swatersolution.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了15岁的KyleTianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Kyle,asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.(Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”可知，Kyle因他的发明而获奖。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“KylecameupwiththeideafortheinventionbasedonhisexperiencegrowingupinSanDiego,California,US.Peoplehadnoaccesstounpolluteddrinkingwaterandhisparentsaskedhimnottodrinktapwater.(Kyle基于他在美国加州圣地亚哥的成长经历，想出了这个发明的主意。人们喝不到无污染的饮用水，他的父母要求他不要喝自来水。)”可知，Kyle 发明NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮用水。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第二段第一句“Kyle,asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.(Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”及文章最后一句“TheyhavefoundedtheClearwaterInnovationprogramtoadvocateforcleanwaterthroughsocialmediaplatformsandorganizecommunitycleanupevents.(他们创立了清水创新项目，通过社交媒体平台倡导清洁用水，并组织社区清洁活动。)”可知，Kyle发明NEREID，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水，保护环境，因此他有责任心且有创意，故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段第一句“Kyle,asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS,receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.(Kyle是美国剑桥学院的一名二年级学生，他因便携式发明NEREID获得了这项荣誉)”可知，文章主要讲述15岁的KyleTianshi发明了检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，还创立清水创新项目，倡导清洁用水，故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。故选D项。CTheexactlocationinFrancewhereDutchmasterVincentvanGoghpaintedhislastworkofarthasbeendiscovered.ADutchresearcherfiguredoutthatascenedescribedintheartist’slastwork,TeeRoot,wasvisibleonapostcardshowingamanstandingnexttoabicycleonabackstreetofthevillageAuvers-sur-Oise.VanGoghspentthelastweeksofhislifeinthevillage.Helpfully,thecardevenincludedthenameofthestreet.Researchersweregivenauniqueglimpse(体验)intothefamouspainter’sfinalhours.Hewasatworkrightuptotheend.WoutervanderVeen,scientificdirectoroftheVanGoghInstituteinFrance,madethediscovery.Whilestuckathome,vandeVeenusedtheextratimetoorganizethenumerousfilesanddocumentsonvanGogh,includingimagessuchastheoldpostcardfromAuvers-sur-Oise.OnedayinlateApril,hesawthecardonhiscomputerscreenanditsuddenlystruckhimthathewaslookingatthelocationofTreeRoots.Nexttothemanandhisbicycle,rootsandtreesareclearlyvisible.He tookavirtualtripdownthesiteusingGoogle’sStreetView.“Villagersknowthespotandthemaintreerootwell,evengivingitthename‘theelephant’becauseofitsshapes,”vanderVeensaid.“Itwasreallyhidinginovertsight.”ThediscoveryprovidestouristswithanextrareasontovisitAuvers-sur-Oise.“Theytravelalotjustforonereason—towalkinthefootstepsofVincentvanGogh.Nowtheycanstandattheveryplacewherehepaintedhislastpainting,”vanderVeensaid.“Andthat’saverymovingthingforalotofpeople.SoI’mveryhappytobeabletosharethatwithallthosewholovevanGogh.”8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Whatthepostcardrevealed.B.HowTeeRootswasdiscovered.C.WhyAuvers-sur-Oisebecameknown.D.WherevanGoghpaintedhisworks.9.HowdidvanderVeenconfirmhisdiscovery?A.HestudiedapictureofAuvers-sur-Oise.B.HeorganizedhisdataonvanGogh.C.HetraveledtoFrancetoseeforhimself.D.Hepaidavisittothespotonline.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overt”inparagraph5mean?A.Mixed.B.Obvious.C.Lovely.D.Strange.11.WhatcanweinferabouttouriststoAuvers-sur-Oise?A.Theyenjoyexploringhowtopaint.B.TheysharetheirloveforvanGogh.C.TheyadmirevanGoghverymuch.D.Theywanttoexperiencethelifethere.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了研究人员偶然间在一张明信片上发现了梵高人生最后一幅画创作的地点。8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“ADutchresearcherfiguredoutthatascenedescribedintheartist’slastwork,TreeRoot,wasvisibleonapostcardshowingamanstandingnexttoabicycleonabackstreetofthevillageAuvers-sur-Oise. （一位荷兰研究人员发现，在一张明信片上可以看到梵高的最后一幅画《树根》中描绘的场景，一名男子站在奥维尔村庄一条后街上的自行车旁）”可知，第二段承接上文，主要描述这一发现的由来，即一张明信片上发现了梵高最后一幅画中的场景。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“HetookavirtualtripdownthesiteusingGoogle’sStreetView.（他通过谷歌街景对该地点进行了一次虚拟旅行）”可知，研究人员vanderVeen正是在看过明信片后，通过谷歌街景的模拟旅行进行了确认。故选D项。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段中vanderVeen的话“Villagersknowthespotandthemaintreerootwell,evengivingitthename‘theelephant’becauseofitsshapes,（村民们都知道这个地方和主干树根，甚至根据其形状命名为“大象”）”和”Itwasreallyhidinginovertsight.（它真的就藏在眼皮底下）”可知，联系上下文，显然梵高最后一幅画中的地方并不是无毛之地，相反很多人都知道这里，但就是没有人将它们联系起来，overt在这里应表示“明显的”以表达“藏在眼皮底下”的含义。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中vanderVeen的话“Theytravelalotjustforonereason—towalkinthefootstepsofVincentvanGogh.Nowtheycanstandattheveryplacewherehepaintedhislastpainting,（他们很多人来旅游都是抱着一个目的——追寻梵高的足迹。现在他们可以站在他创作最后一幅画的地方了）”和“Andthat’saverymovingthingforalotofpeople.SoI’mveryhappytobeabletosharethatwithallthosewholovevanGogh（对许多人来说这是很感人的一件事。所以我很高兴能与那些喜爱梵高的人分享这一点）”可知，慕名而来的游客们大都是出于对梵高的欣赏和仰慕、想要追寻他最后的足迹。故选C项。DPlantsdon’thaveearsoracentralnervoussystem,butnewresearchoutoftheUniversityofMissourihasdemonstratedthattheymightstillhavetheabilityto“hear”.Morespecifically,plantshavebeenshowntoexhibitanimmune(免疫)responsetothemeresoundofahungryinsect.Forthestudy,researchersplayedthesoundofacaterpillarchewingtoagroupofplants,whichcausedslightvibrations(振动)ontheplants’leaves.Theplantswereabletorecognizethesevibrationpatternsasdanger,andrespondedbymountingtheappropriateimmuneresponse.Inotherwords,itappearsthatplantscan“hear”themselvesbeingchewedon.Researchersassumethatplantsachievethisremarkableabilitythankstoproteinsthatrespondtopressurefoundwithintheircellmembranes.Vibrationscausepressurechangeswithinthecell, whichcanchangethebehavioroftheproteins;however,additionalstudywillberequiredtoconfirmordenythistheory.Onceresearchersidentifytheexactmechanismsatplayinthisprocessitcouldleadtoadvancesincropprotection.Farmerscouldpotentiallylearntousesoundtocauseaplant’snaturalchemicaldefensesagainstinsectthreats,ratherthanturningtopoisonouschemicals.“Wecanimagineapplicationsofthiswhereplantscouldbetreatedwithsoundorgeneticallyengineeredtorespondtocertainsoundsthatwouldbeusefulforagriculture,”saidstudyauthorHeidiAppel.Thestudyaddstothegrowinglistofwaysthatplantshavebeenshowntosensetheirenvironments.Theyarenottheboringorganismsthatmanypeopleassumetheyare.Forinstancesomeplantsareabletocommunicatewitheachotherandsignalupcomingdangertotheirneighborsbyreleasingchemicalsintotheair.Plantscanrespondtolight(thinkaboutsunflowers)andtemperature.Somecanevenrespondtotouch,suchastheVenusflytrap(捕蝇草),whichsnapsshutwhenaninsectstimulatesitshairs.12.Whydidresearcherscarryoutthestudy?A.Tofindoutifplantscanreacttosounds.B.Tolearnhowplantsrecognizedangers.C.Todiscoverifplantscanshaketheirleaves.D.Toseehowplantsimproveimmunesystems.13.What’sthepotentialuseofresearchers’discovery?A.Toremoveinsects.B.Toprotectcrops.C.Totreatplantdiseases.D.Toproducechemicals.14.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A.Therearemoreplantsthanweknow.B.Plantsaremoreactivethanwethink.C.Plantsfitinwellwiththeirenvironments.D.Lotsofsecretsaboutplantsremainunclear.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canplants“talk”witheachother?B.Howdoplantsmakeuseofsounds? C.Canplants“hear”themselvesbeingeaten?D.Howdoplantsdefendthemselvesagainstattacks?【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，对饥饿昆虫的声音有免疫反应，这项发现可以应用于农业以保护庄稼。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Morespecifically,plantshavebeenshowntoexhibitanimmune(免疫)responsetothemeresoundofahungryinsect.(更具体地说，植物已经被证明对仅仅是饥饿昆虫的声音都有免疫反应。)”及第二段的研究过程“Forthestudy,researchersplayedthesoundofacaterpillarchewingtoagroupofplants,whichcausedslightvibrations(振动)ontheplants’leaves.Theplantswereabletorecognizethesevibrationpatternsasdanger,andrespondedbymountingtheappropriateimmuneresponse.(在这项研究中，研究人员向一组植物播放毛毛虫咀嚼的声音，这会引起植物叶子的轻微振动。这些植物能够将这些振动模式识别为危险，并通过建立适当的免疫反应做出反应。)”可知，这项研究的目的是查明植物对声音是否有反应。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段内容“Onceresearchersidentifytheexactmechanismsatplayinthisprocess,itcouldleadtoadvancesincropprotection.Farmerscouldpotentiallylearntousesoundtocauseaplant’snaturalchemicaldefensesagainstinsectthreats,ratherthanturningtopoisonouschemicals.(一旦研究人员确定了在这一过程中发挥作用的确切机制，它可能会导致庄稼保护方面的进展。农民有可能学会用声音来让植物的天然化学物质抵御昆虫的威胁，而不是使用有毒的化学物质。)”可知，研究人员的这一发现的潜在用处是保护庄稼。故选B项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，结合前两句“Thestudyaddstothegrowinglistofwaysthatplantshavebeenshowntosensetheirenvironments.Theyarenottheboringorganismsthatmanypeopleassumetheyare.(这项研究增加了正在增长的植物感知环境的方式。它们不是许多人认为的那种乏味的生物体。)”可知，植物并不是乏味的生物体，下文举例说明植物能够互相交流，所以本段想要告诉我们植物比我们想的更加活跃。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Plantsdon’thaveearsoracentralnervoussystem,butnew researchoutoftheUniversityofMissourihasdemonstratedthattheymightstillhavetheabilityto“hear”.(植物没有耳朵或中枢神经系统，但密苏里大学的一项新研究表明，它们可能仍然有“听”的能力。)”可知，本文主要讲述一项新研究表明，植物可能有“听”的能力，并讲述了这项发现的潜在应用。故C项“植物能‘听到’自己被吃掉的声音吗”适合作为文章标题。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thevastmajorityofparentsexpecttheirchildrentogrowuptobehealthy,happy,andproductivemembersofsociety.____16____Ifwedon’tgiveparentingeverythingwe’vegot,ourkidswillwindupunemployed,livinginourbasements,andtherewillbenoonetoblamebutourselves.That’swhatIliketocallthe“perfectparentmyth”.Thestandardsofperfectionforparentsthesedaysareextremelyhigh.Perfectparentingexpectationsbeginwithadrugfreenaturalbirth.Onceouryoungarebornwemustbreastfeedeachbabyforyears.Ifwecan’tbreasted,wemustatleastfeedondemand.____17____Let’salsonotforgettoorganizeourchildren’sdayssotheyareengagedineducationalpursuitsincasetheyfallbehindthecurve(弯道).Wemustbeinvolvedineveryaspectofourchildren’sschools.Thereisnofreetimefortheperfectparent.____18____Thesestandardsareunreasonable.They’realsocrazy.Parentscan’tbeperfect.Why?Becausewe’rehumanandsoareourchildren.____19____Theyarepredictableandwhentheyareunrulywecanshutthemdown.Parentingisnothinglikethat.____20____But,bytheparentbeinglessthanperfect,thechildwillneedtoadaptanddevelopskillstoovercomelittledisappointments.Thereisflexibilityandroomforreal-lifemistakesandlimitationstoourparentingabilities.A.Wemustmakeourownbabyfood.B.Theyarepushingthemselvestoofar.C.Robotswouldbemucheasiertoparent.D.Thereisonlyunlimiteddevotiontoourchildren.E.Agoodenoughparentmeetstheneedsoftheirchildren.F.Parentshavenoenoughtimetoliveuptothesehighstandards. G.Tomeetthosegoals,parentsaretoldthattheymustsparenoeffort.【答案】16.G17.A18.D19.F20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文，人们对于完美的父母有很多高标准，但作者认为父母没有时间去达到那些高标准，现实生活中的错误和养育孩子的能力是有弹性和空间的。【16题详解】根据前一句“Thevastmajorityofparentsexpecttheirchildrentogrowuptobehealthy,happy,andproductivemembersofsociety.(绝大多数父母希望他们的孩子成长为健康、快乐和对社会有贡献的成员)”并结合空后一句“Ifwedon’tgiveparentingeverythingwe’vegot,ourkidswillwindupunemployed,livinginourbasements,andtherewillbenoonetoblamebutourselves.(如果我们不尽一切努力养育孩子，我们的孩子最终会失业，住在我们的地下室里，那就只能怪我们自己了)”可知，父母对孩子有很多期望，如果孩子最后没有成功就只能怪父母，所以推测空处讲述父母为了让孩子成功应该奉献一切，G项“为了达到这些目标，父母们被告知必须不遗余力。”承上启下，G项中的thesegoals呼应前一句中“tobehealthy,happy,andproductivemembersofsociety”，故选G项。【17题详解】结合空前两句“Onceouryoungarebornwemustbreastfeedeachbabyforyears.Ifwecan’tbreasted,wemustatleastfeedondemand.(一旦我们的孩子出生，我们必须多年母乳喂养每个孩子。如果我们不能哺乳，我们至少得根据需要喂养)”可知，此处是讲述孩子喂养方面对父母的高标准，A项“我们必须自己做婴儿食品。”符合语境。故选A项。【18题详解】根据本段内容及空前一句“Thereisnofreetimefortheperfectparent.(完美的父母是没有空闲时间的)”可知，完美父母的标准很苛刻，没有空闲时间，分析选项，D项“只有对我们的孩子无限的奉献。”符合语境，句式与空前一句一致，意义上形成对比，故选D项。【19题详解】空前“Thesestandardsareunreasonable.They’realsocrazy.Parentscan’tbeperfect.Why?Becausewe’rehumanandsoareourchildren.(这些标准是不合理的。它们也很疯狂。父母不可能十全十美。为什么？因为我们是人，孩子也是人)”解释上文为什么父母并不是完美的，分析选项，F项“父母没有足够的时间来达到这些高标准。”承接上文，继续说明父母不完美的原因。故选F项。 【20题详解】根据空后一句“But,bytheparentbeinglessthanperfect,thechildwillneedtoadaptanddevelopskillstoovercomelittledisappointments.(但是，如果父母不够完美，孩子将需要适应和发展技能，以克服小失望)”可知，空处与下文是转折关系，应是描述完美父母的情况，E项“一个好的父亲或母亲能够满足孩子的需要。”符合语境。故选E项。第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ms.SalomonhadonlybeenworkingatSainsbury’sforayearwhenshewasdiagnosed(诊断)withAlzheimer’sdisease.Beforethat,shehadbeen____21____toleaveherjobasabookkeeperbecauseshewasbecomingincreasingly____22____.Uponbeinginformedofherdiagnosis,____23____,theSainsbury’sstaffersstarteddoingalltheycouldtomakesurethatMs.Salomonfeltcomfortableand____24____.Forthenextfouryears,Sainsbury’sdideverythingtokeepMs.Salomonontheteam.Theychangedher____25____;theystayedin____26____withherfamilysotheycouldprovide____27____onherconditionatwork;they____28____retrainedher.Whenthediseaseprogressed,Sainsbury’sevencreatedanentirely____29____jobforherasa“toteboxcleaner”.In2017,Ms.Salomon’sreceivedamedical____30____thatsaidherAlzheimer’shadprogressedtotheadvancedstage,andshewas____31____unemployable.Again,Sainsbury’skeptherontheteam.Ms.Salomon’s____32____finallycametoanend6monthslater,andthoughitwasanemotional____33____,shewasalsorelieved.“TherehavebeensomanytimesSainsbury’scouldhavelether____34____,”Ms.Salomon’ssonDoronsaid.“Instead,theyhavealways____35____her,goingaboveandbeyondtomakesureshe’shappyandfeelingvalued.Onahumanlevel,theyhaveshownsensitivity,kindnessandcare.”21.A.warnedB.allowedC.inspiredD.forced22.A.disorganizedB.worriedC.bad-temperedD.ill-mannered23.A.meanwhileB.thereforeC.howeverD.moreover24.A.appreciatedB.interestedC.amazedD.connected 25.A.lifestyleB.hoursC.dietD.attitude26.A.harmonyB.contactC.agreementD.cooperation27.A.opinionsB.suggestionsC.instructionsD.updates28.A.rarelyB.occasionallyC.regularlyD.temporarily29.A.traditionalB.newC.strangeD.easy30.A.assessmentB.programC.paperD.certificate31.A.madeB.provedC.declaredD.found32.A.fortuneB.adventureC.employmentD.treatment33.A.problemB.experienceC.consequenceD.departure34.A.goB.surviveC.workD.suffer35.A.countedonB.stoodbyC.focusedonD.droppedby【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.D25.B26.B27.D28.C29.B30.A31.C32.C33.D34.A35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，Salomon女士在塞恩斯伯里超市工作一年时被诊断出阿尔兹海默症，超市不仅没有解雇Salomon女士，反而一直支持帮助她，展示了人性、善良和关爱。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那之前，她曾被迫辞去簿记员的工作，因为她变得越来越没有条理。A.warned警告；B.allowed允许；C.inspired启发，鼓舞；D.forced强迫。结合语境及“becauseshewasbecomingincreasingly____2____”可知，被诊断为阿尔兹海默症后应是“被迫”辞去工作。故选D项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那之前，她曾被迫辞去簿记员的工作，因为她变得越来越没有条理。A.disorganized无条理的；B.worried担心的；C.bad-tempered脾气不好的；D.ill-mannered无礼的。结合语境可知，得了阿尔兹海默症后应是做事没有条理。故选A项。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在得知她的诊断结果后，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们开始竭尽所能，确保Salomon女士感到舒适，能够与人交流。A.meanwhile同时；B.therefore因此；C.however然而；D.moreover此外。根据“theSainsbury’sstaffersstarteddoingalltheycouldtomakesurethatMs.Salomonfeltcomfortable”可知，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们得知Salomon女 士患病后的做法与上文被辞退相反，故此处表示转折。故选C项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在得知她的诊断结果后，塞恩斯伯里超市的员工们开始竭尽所能，确保Salomon女士感到舒适，能够与人交流。A.appreciated赏识的，感激的；B.interested感兴趣的；C.amazed惊奇的；D.connected有联系的，相关的。根据下一句“Forthenextfouryears,Sainsbury’sdideverythingtokeepMs.Salomonontheteam.(在接下来的四年里，塞恩斯伯里超市的人想尽一切办法留住Salomon女士。)”可知，此处指让Salomon女士感到舒适，能够和人交流。故选D项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们改变了她的工作时间。A.lifestyle生活方式；B.hours小时，（工作/办公等）固定时间；C.diet饮食；D.attitude态度。结合语境可知，Salomon女士在塞恩斯伯里超市工作，所以此处指超市改变了她的工作时间，其他选项不符合语境。故选B项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她工作上的最新情况。A.harmony和谐；B.contact联系；C.agreement同意，一致；D.cooperation合作。结合“sotheycouldprovide____7____onherconditionatwork”可知，此处指超市与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她的最新情况。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们与她的家人保持联系，以便提供她工作上的最新情况。A.opinions观点；B.suggestions建议；C.instructions指令，说明；D.updates更新，最新消息。结合语境可知，此处指提供她的最新情况。故选D项。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们定期对她进行再培训。A.rarely很少；B.occasionally偶尔；C.regularly定期，有规律地；D.temporarily临时。结合语境可知，Salomon女士得了阿尔兹海默症，超市应是“定期”给她反复培训。故选C项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当疾病恶化时，塞恩斯伯里超市甚至为她创造了一份全新的工作——“手提袋清洁工”。A.traditional传统的；B.new新的；C.strange奇怪的，陌生的；D.easy容易的。结合“Whenthediseaseprogressed”可知，Salomon女士病情恶化，应是无法再胜任工作，所以超市善意地给她创造了一份“全新的”工作。故选B项。 【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2017年，Salomon女士收到了一份医学评估报告，称她的阿尔茨海默症已经发展到晚期，她被宣布没有工作能力了。A.assessment评估；B.program计划，项目；C.paper纸张；D.certificate证书。结合“herAlzheimer’shadprogressedtotheadvancedstage”可知，应是对病情进行评估，才知道她的病情发展到了晚期。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2017年，Salomon女士收到了一份医学评估报告，称她的阿尔茨海默症已经发展到晚期，她被宣布没有工作能力了。A.made使，让，制作；B.proved证明；C.declared宣布，声明；D.found发现。结合语境及“herAlzheimer’shadprogressedtotheadvancedstage”可知，她病情到了晚期，“被宣布”没有工作能力了。故选C项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，Salomon女士的职业生涯最终结束了，虽然这是一次情感上的离开，但她也松了一口气。A.fortune财富，运气；B.adventure冒险；C.employment工作，就业；D.treatment对待，治疗。结合上文“shewas____11____unemployable”可知，此处指职业生涯结束。故选C项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，Salomon女士的职业生涯最终结束了，虽然这是一次情感上的离开，但她也松了一口气。A.problem问题；B.experience经历，经验；C.consequence结果；D.departure离开。结合上一句中“cametoanend”可知，此处指精神上的“离开”。故选D项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：塞恩斯伯里超市有很多次本可以让她走。A.go走；B.survive生存；C.work工作；D.suffer遭受。结合上文内容可知，Salomon女士得了阿尔兹海默症，超市本可以让她走，故选A项。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：相反，他们一直帮助她，竭尽全力确保她开心，并感到自己受到重视。A.countedon指望，依靠；B.stoodby支持，帮助；C.focusedon集中于；D.droppedby顺便拜访。结合上文超市员工的做法及空后“makesureshe’shappyandfeelingvalued”可知，他们总是帮助她，故选B项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whydoducksswiminarow?Thisphenomenonissocommon____36____it’sbecomeanexpression.Butwhat’sthesciencebehindgettingyourducksinarow?Researchershavefoundtheanswer—ducklingssaveenergyby____37____(surf)theirmom’swaves.Ifyouhaveeverbeentoapond,you’velikelyseenagroupofducklingsswimmingbehindtheirparentin____38____neatline.Whyaretheyswimminginthatformation?Well,____39____turnsoutthatthere’sananswertothiscutespringphenomenon.Astudy____40____(publish)earlierthisyearrevealsducklingssaveenergybystayinginlinebehindtheirmother,wheretheycanridethewavescreatedinherwake.The____41____(measure)ofducklingmetabolism(新陈代谢)showsthesefeatheryfowlssaveenergybyswimmingbehindaleader.Navalarchitect,ZhimingYuan____42____(create)computersimulationsofamotherduck’swakethreemonthsago.Hefoundthatifaducklingiscruisinginjusttherightspots,itcangeta____43____(help)assist.Wavedragresistsayoungduckling’spaddling,wastingsomeofpreciousenergy.Toouramazement,aducklingswimmingbehindaleaderexperiencesmuch____44____(little)wavedrag.Theducklingssharethisassistwiththeirsiblings,andeachducklinginline____45____(pass)alongwavestotheducklingbehindit.【答案】36.that37.surfing38.a39.it40.published41.measurement42.created43.helpful44.less45.passes【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章解释了为什么小鸭子总是排成一排跟着鸭妈妈后面游泳。【36题详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：这种现象非常普遍，以至于它已经成为一种表达方式。结合句意 可知，此处考查so…that…引导的结果状语从句，故填that。【37题详解】考查动名词。句意：研究人员找到了答案——小鸭子通过在妈妈的波痕里游泳来节省能量。作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式，bydoingsth.(通过做某事)。故填surfing。【38题详解】考查不定冠词。句意：如果你曾经到过一个池塘，你可能会看到一群小鸭子排成整齐的一排游在妈妈后面。line是可数名词，此处泛指“整齐的一排”，neat以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。【39题详解】考查it的用法。句意：事实证明，这个可爱的春天现象是有答案的。分析句子可知，空处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。故填it。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年早些时候发表的一项研究表明，小鸭们在母亲身后排队以节省能量，这样它们就可以在母亲身后乘风破浪了。空处应用非谓语形式，动词publish和study之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，修饰名词study，故填published。【41题详解】考查名词。句意：小鸭子新陈代谢的测量结果显示，这些长着羽毛的雏鸟靠跟在领先者后面游泳来节省体力。空处应填名词作主语，结合句意可知，此处指“测量结果”，用名词measurement，故填measurement。【42题详解】考查时态。句意：海军建筑师袁志明3个月前用电脑模拟了一只鸭妈妈的波浪。结合时间状语threemonthsago可知，句子应用一般过去时，故填created。【43题详解】考查形容词。句意：他发现，如果一只小鸭子在正确的位置航行，它会得到有用的助力。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词assist，helpful有帮助的。故填helpful。【44题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：令我们惊讶的是，一只在领先者身后游泳的小鸭子所受到的波浪阻力要小得多。结合句意及空前的much可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填less。【45题详解】考查时态及主谓一致。句意：小鸭子和它们的兄弟姐妹共用这种助力，行列中的每只小鸭子 把波浪传给它后面的一只小鸭子。结合上下文时态可知，句子是描述事实，应用一般现在时，主语eachduckling是名词单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填passes。第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华,上周六下午你校在学校礼堂举行了消防逃生演练（firedrill）。请你写一篇英语日记，内容包括：1.消防讲座；2.逃生演练；3.你的感受。注意：1.词数80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。SaturdayFebruary26________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Inordertoraiseoursafetyawareness,somefirefighterswereinvitedtoourschooltogiveaspeechlastSaturdayafternoon.Theyshoweduswhattodoincaseofafire,howtopreventthefireandhowtousedifferentkindsoffire-fightingequipment.Thenafiredrillwasheld.Assoonasthealarmrang,allofusstudentsrandownstairsonebyone.Wefinallygottogetherattheplaygroundsafelyourteacherswerewaitingforus.Throughthedrill,wehavelearnedhowtoescapeinanemergency.Ithinkitisimportantforustoremaincalmandknowwhattodo.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇日记，描述上周六下午在学校礼堂举行的消防逃生演练。【详解】1.词汇积累 发表演讲：giveaspeech→deliveraspeech阻止：prevent→stop最后：finally→eventually保持：remain→keep2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Inordertoraiseoursafetyawareness,somefirefighterswereinvitedtoourschooltogiveaspeechlastSaturdayafternoon.拓展句：SomefirefighterswereinvitedtoourschooltogiveaspeechlastSaturdayafternooninorderthatwecouldraiseoursafetyawareness.【点睛】【高分句型1】Assoonasthealarmrang,allofusstudentsrandownstairsonebyone.（运用了assoonas引导的时间状语从句）【高分句型2】Wefinallygottogetherattheplaygroundsafelywhereourteacherswerewaitingforus.（运用了where引导的定语从句）第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Wewereouttochangetheworld.Thiswasourtime,oursenioryear.MybestfriendBethandIhadbigdreamsandhopesforourlastyearinhighschool.“Kristi,didyouseethegirlstandingbyusinthelunchline—shelookssolost,sooutofplace.”WehadheardofafamilythathadjustmovedtoourtownfromthecountryofCambodia.Weknewtherewassupposedtobeanewgirlatourschoolfromthatfamily,butwehadyettomeetheruntilnow.Leournwasasmalldark-hairedbeauty.Shewasstartingherfreshmanyearinthisnewcountry.ShestruggledwiththelittleEnglishsheknewandthatmadeitveryhardforhertogettoknowpeopleinoursmalltown.Wewatchedinthelunchroomfromour“SeniorTable”.Thistablewasreservedforour“seniorsportsjock(运动健将)friends,”andnooneelse.Leournwouldgetherlunchtraywiththerestofthestudentsbutshealwayskeptherheaddownwithhereyesfocusedonthefloor.Shewouldthenheadtotheonlytableofgirlssherecognized.Unfortunately,itwasthetableforthemostpopulargirlsinthefreshmanclass.EverysingledayLeournwouldsitattheveryedgeofherseatandeatasfastas shecould.Shekepthereyesfixedonherfoodandwenever,eversawherlookup.Wewouldwatchquietlyastheothergirlswereinteractingwitheachotherathertable.TheywouldmakegesturestooneanotherandlaughatLeournwhilesheate.Aswepaidattentionoverthenextweek,weneverheardanyonesomuchassay“Hi”toLeourn.Wedecidedtotryourhardesttoletonelonelygirlknowthattherewerepeoplewhoknewsheexisted.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。WesatwithLeournatthefreshmangirls’table.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Fromthenon,Leournbegantochange.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】WesatwithLeournatthefreshmangirls’table.Withloveandfaith,wedecidedtoletherknowthattherewerepeoplewhocared.Wesaid“Hi”andtriedtoencouragehertoengageherinconversation.Gradually,shetookhereyesoffthefloorandrespondedtouswithsmilesandsmalltalk.Intheend,shelookedupatmewithbeautifuleyesandinalowwhispersaid“ThankYou.”Fromthenon,Leournbegantochange.Shebegantocommunicatewitheveryoneshewantedto know.Shealsotookanactivepartinmanyactivities,whichusuallyinvolveteamworkandinteractionswithotherstudents.Itseemedthatshehadnotdifficultyadaptingthenewenvironmentnow.Shewasenjoyingherschoollifehappily.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者新转来的学生Leourn受到同学们的嘲笑而很难融入新环境，作者决心帮助这个孤独的女孩的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“我们和Leourn坐在新生女生桌。”可知，第一段可描写作者想帮助Leourn，与她坐在一起交谈并鼓励她。②由第二段首句内容“从那时起，Leourn开始改变。”可知，第二段可描写Leourn的变化。2.续写线索：鼓励Leourn加入谈话——Leourn有所回应——Leourn感谢作者——积极参加活动——适应新环境3.词汇激活行为类①鼓励：encouragesb./cheersb.up②回应：respond/inresponseto③参加：takepartin/joinin情绪类①感谢：say“ThankYou”/showhergratitude/begrateful②开心：happily/delightedly【点睛】[高分句型1].Withloveandfaith,wedecidedtoletherknowthattherewerepeoplewhocared.（由关系代词who引导定语从句）[高分句型2].Shealsotookanactivepartinmanyactivities,whichusuallyinvolveteamworkandinteractionswithotherstudents.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）