山西省运城市2022届高三英语10月质量检测试题（附解析）

2022届山西省运城市高三上学期10月质量检测英语试题考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthewomandrink?A.Acoldbeer.B.Atomatojuice.C.Anapplejuice.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Amy,doyoufeellikeacolddrink?W:I'dlikeatomatojuice.AndcanIhaveapieceofthatcake?M:OK.I'llhavesometoo,withanapplejuice.YoufindusatableandI'llqueueuptobuyit.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Theprojectissimple.B.SheissatisfiedwithJack.C.Jackisn'tpatientenough. 【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Jackhassomeofthequalities,buthe'snotexactlywhatweneed.M:Whatdoyoumean?W:Forthisprojectweneedsomeonewhoisjustastough,butalotmorepatient.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanprobablydo?A.Ataxidriver.B.Aflightattendant.C.Apoliceman.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Canyoudriveattopspeed,please?Ihaveaflighttocatchat2:30.M:I'mafraidtrafficatthistimeofthedayisheavy.Youshouldtakethesubway.W:Well,canyoudropmeoffattheneareststation,then?M:Sure.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Havearest.B.Seeamovie.C.MeetJeff.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:DoyouwanttocometothemovieswithJeffandme,Donna?We'regoingtoseeSpider-Man:Homecoming.W:Uh,Idon'treallywanttoseethatmovie.Besides,I'mtootiredtogoanywhere.SayhitoJeff,though.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydidthewomancomehere?A.Togethercarrepaired.B.Toattendaninterview.C.TopickupMr.Beringer.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Miss,justcalmdown.Tellmewhoyou'reheretosee. W:IhaveajobinterviewwithMr.Beringer,butmycarbrokedownontheway,andIwassupposedtobehere15minutesago!第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatdoesthemanreserve?A.TwodoubleroomsB.Threebusinesssuites.C.Foursinglerooms.7.Whenwillthemancheckout?A.OnDecember16thB.OnDecember19th.C.OnDecember25th.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:StarSuites.VeraSimpsonspeaking.M:ThisisAlanJohnson.I'dliketobooktworoomsforthreenights.W:I'mhappytohelp.WehaveaspecialonourbusinesssuitesfromDecember23rdto25th.M:Thatsoundsattractive,butweneedtocheckinaboutaweekbeforethat.Andweonlyneedacoupleofsimpledoublerooms.W:OK.We'vegotplentyofthose.Whenwillyouarrive?M:We'llbearrivinglateonthe16th,butourcheckoutwillbeearlyonthemorningofthe19th.W:Verywell,Mr.Johnson.We'reopentwenty-fourhoursaday,soyou'rewelcometocheckinatanytime.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whichdestinationdoesthewomanconsiderbetter?A.Hawaii.B.TheBahamas.C.Europe.9.Whatdidthemanandhisfriendsdolastnight?A.Theywenttobeachestorelax.B.Theytalkedabouttravelplans. C.Theyheldagraduationceremony.10.Whatwillthespeakersneedtocheckfirst?A.Thetravelcost.B.Theplanetickets.C.Theaccommodation.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【解析】【原文】W:We’replanningatripforrightafterwegraduate,andI’maskingeverybodywheretheywouldliketogomost.Anythoughts?M:I’vealwayswantedtogosomewherehotlikeHawaii.I’dlovetojustlieonthebeach,haveadrink...justrelax,althoughIsupposethatstayinginoneplacemightgetboringafterawhile.HowaboutatripthroughEurope?W:You’renotthefirstpersontosaythat.Tobehonest,Ikindofagreewithyou.IfweweretogototheBahamas,say,Iwouldn’tcomplain.ButEuropesoundsmoreattractive.M:Well,asithappens,Ispokewithabunchofourfriendslastnight.Allofthembeganbysayingthesamethingwedidaboutbeachesandstuff.Intheend,everyoneagreedthatthey’dratherhaveamorediverseexperience.W:Well,Ithinkwehaveourdestination.Nowwejustneedtogetourplanetickets.M:Holdyourhorses.Weneedtocalculatethecostfirst.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatisthemandissatisfiedwithabouttheperformance?A.Theclothes.B.Theacting.C.Themusic.12.Whatisthemainreasonwhythemangoestoseetheplay?A.Hissympathyforhisclassmate.B.Hisadmirationforthedirector.C.Hisdesiretogotoabigpart13.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Continuewatchingtheplay.B.Exchangetheirseatsquickly.C.Turnonthelightsintheroo.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【解析】 【原文】M:So,areyouenjoyingtheperformancesofar?W:Well,youmustadmittheclothesarebeautifulandthesetiswonderful,buttheactingisabitboring.Whatdoyouthink?M:Ithinkyou'reabitparticular.Theactorintheleadroleisveryprofessional.Isupposethemusiccouldbeabitbetter,though.W:Doyouknowanyoneintheplay?M:Actually,thewomanplayingOpheliaisanoldclassmateofmine.W:Really?Isthatwhyyouwantedtocometotheplay?M:That'sonlyapartofit.Iabsolutelyadmirethisdirector.Everyplayheworksonturnsoutgreat.I'veseenquiteafewotherplaysthathedirected.Theyarereallywonderful.Bytheway,aftertheplay,thereisabigpartyfortheactorsandtheirfriends.Myfriendhasinvitedus.Doyouwanttogo.W:Sure.Oh,look!Theyareweakeningthelights.Ithinkweshouldgobacktoourseatsforthesecondhalfoftheplay.M:Youareright.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatconfusesthewoman?AWhethertogotocollege.B.Howtostartherownbusiness.C.Wheretostudycomputersoftware.15.HowmuchdoesJason'sschoolchargeperyearnow?A.About$10,000.B.About$20,000.C.About$40,000.16.Whatdoesthemansayaboutcollegeeducation?A.Itisnotnecessary.B.Itisworthreceiving.C.Itcostslittlemoney.【答案】14.A15.C16.B【解析】【原文】W:DoyouthinkIshouldgotocollege,Mike?M:Ofcourse,Brenda!Whynot?W:Well,myfriendLandonstartedhisowncomputersoftwarebusinessrightoutofhighschool.Hedidn'tgotocollege,andhemadeamilliondollars!M:OK,congratulationstohim.Butthatsuccessstoryisnotcommon.Peopleshouldreceiveasmuch educationastheycould.W:Butcollegeissoexpensivenowadays.WhenmybrotherJasonwenttoschool,hisfeesweremaybetwentythousanddollarsayear.Hissameschoolischargingtwicethatamountnow!M:That'snothing!NewYorkUniversitycostsmuchmore!W:See!?That'swhatImean!Isitreallyworththemoney?M:Listen,Iagreethateducationistooexpensive,butcollegelifeissuchabeautifulpartofone'slife.Besides,studentscanborrowmoneyfromthebank.W:Butifeveryonesuddenlycan'tpaybackthemoney,thenwe'reallinfluenced!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.WhatdopeopleneedtorentaNiceRidebike?A.AnIDcard.B.Alibrarycard.C.Amembershipcard.18.HowdoesNiceRideinfluencepeople?A.Itactuallyincreasestheirdrivingcost.B.Itlowerstheirenvironmentalawareness.C.Itencouragesthemtotravelmorebybike.19.Whichcityhasthelargestbike-shareprogram?A.Wuhan,China.B.Paris,France.C.Melbourne.20.HowdoestheUSDepartmentofTransportationsupportcycling?A.ByprovidingamillionbikesforNiceRide.B.Byofferingmoneytobuildgreenways.C.Byawardingthosewhoridebikes.【答案】17.C18.C19.A20.B【解析】【原文】W:RightinfrontoftheMinneapolisCentralLibrary,arowofgreenbikessitsparkedinaspecialstand.Eachbikeisdesignedwiththelogo“NiceRide”—thenameofthecity'sbike-shareprogram.NiceRidebikesarealotlikethelibrarybooksthatpeoplecomeheretoborrow.Torentabike,yousimplyuseyourmembershipcardataNiceRidebikestation.Memberscanrentoneof1,200bikesfrom138stationsthroughoutMinnesota'slargestcity.PeopleusetheNiceRidebikestogotowork,togooutonbusiness,orjusttoenjoythecity'smanybikepaths.Theriseofbike-shareprograms likeNiceRideisencouragingmorepeoplethanevertochoosebikingoverdriving.Increasinggaspricesandconcernsabouttheenvironmenthavealsogottenpeopletotravelbybike.Bike-sharesystemsarefoundaroundtheworldincitieslikeLondon,Paris,BarcelonaandMelbourne,Australia.Thelargestprogramwith70.000bikesisinWuhan,China.Tomakeroadsfriendliertonon-motorists,theUSDepartmentofTransportationhasinvestedmorethanabilliondollarsincyclinginrecentyears.Themoneywenttowardbuildingthousandsofmilesofon-streetbikelanescalledgreenways.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABrooklynChildren'sMuseumFoundedin1899asthecountry'sfirstmuseumspecificallymadeforchildren,todayBCMiscomprehensive,withapermanentcollectionof30,000objects,includingmusicalinstruments,masksanddolls.KidslovetheinteractiveWorldBrooklyn,asmallcityscape（城市风光）linedbystoreswherechildrencanpretendtobeworkinggrown-ups.Children'sMuseumofManhattanLookingforinteractiveartthatwelcomescuriousminds?ThenheadtoInsideArt,thecurrentshowupatCMOM,whichletsyourlittleonesclimbinandoverandallaroundtheexhibits.It'sideaslikethisthatmakethe40,000-square-footsospecial.Learningaboutculture,historyandscienceisaprideforkidsagedsixandunder.CMOMalsohostsclasses—likeGrossBiologyforkidswhoareinterestedininsects-alldesignedwiththelatestchild-developmentresearchinmind.DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseumThehands-ondisplaysatthiskid-focusedarmoftheNewYorkHistoricalSocietytransportchildrenbackthrough350yearsofUShistory,withaspecialfocusonNYC.Childrenareencouragedtoclimbaroundandinteractwithexhibitsthathighlightthelivesofkidswhogrewuptobecomefamousdoctors,athletesandpoliticalfigures!LittleNewYorkerscangetinonsing-alongsandcrafts.Otherfamilyprogramsincludecookingsclasses,gamesandstoryhours.StatenIslandChildren'sMuseumStatenIslandChildren'sMuseumnurtures（培养）creativity.Itoffershands-onexperiencesliketheBlockHarbor（plentyofblockstoplaywith!）,larger-than-lifegameslikeConnectFourand Dominoes,andeventheopportunitytoclimbthroughahuman-sizedanthillorplayfirefighteratLadder11,soyou'llfindimmersive（沉浸式的）funaroundeverycorner.Don'tforgettostopbyGreenLivingRoompoweredbythewindenergywherethekidscanlearnaboutwaystoreduceourcarbonfootprint.21.Whichmuseumprovidesbiologyclassesforkids?A.BrooklynChildren'sMuseum.B.StatenIslandChildren'sMuseum.C.Children'sMuseumofManhattan.D.DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum.22.WhatcankidsdoinDiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum?A.Playinterestinggameswithgreatfirefighters.B.Knowaboutfamouspeople'schildhoodlives.C.Runstoreslikeadultsindifferentsmallstreets.D.Cookdeliciouslocalfoodwithforeignathletes.23.Wherecankidslearnhowtoprotecttheenvironment?A.AtLadder11.B.AttheBlockHarbor.CInGreenLivingRoom.D.Onahuman-sizedanthill.【答案】21.C22.B23.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个适合孩子参观的博物馆。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Children'sMuseumofManhattan中“CMOMalsohostsclasses—likeGrossBiologyforkidswhoareinterestedininsects-alldesignedwiththelatestchild-developmentresearchinmind.(CMOM也主持一些课程，比如给那些对昆虫感兴趣的孩子们讲生物课，这些昆虫的设计都考虑到了最新的儿童发展研究)”可知，Children'sMuseumofManhattan会为孩子们提供生物课。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum中“Childrenareencouragedtoclimbaroundandinteractwithexhibitsthathighlightthelivesofkidswhogrewuptobecomefamousdoctors，athletesandpoliticalfigures!(孩子们被鼓励到处攀爬，与突出了那些长大后成为著名医生，运动员，政治家的孩子们的生活的展品互动)”可知，孩子们在DiMennaChildren'sHistoryMuseum可以了解著名人物的童年生活。故选B。 【23题详解】细节理解题。根据StatenIslandChildren'sMuseum中“Don'tforgettostopbyGreenLivingRoompoweredbythewindenergy，wherethekidscanlearnaboutwaystoreduceourcarbonfootprint.(别忘了去绿色客厅，那里有风能供电，在这里孩子们可以了解减少低碳排放的方法)”可知，孩子们在GreenLivingRoom可以学习保护环境的方法。故选C。BIn1990,HalDonaldsonwas23yearsold,freshoutofcollegeandfoundhimselfinCalcutta,India,wherehewasaskedtointerviewMotherTeresa.Donaldsonsaysaboutthegreatwomanfamedforfeedingthehungry,“Shewasn'twearingshoesandherankleswereswollen.Shesatdownwithmeandwasverypolite.”Aftertheinterview,MotherTeresaaskedhim,“Whatareyoudoingtohelpthepoor?”Donaldsonadmittedthathewasyoungandwasn'tfocusedonhelpingothers.Withasmileonherface,MotherTeresasaid,“Everyonecandosomething.”ThosewordsdeeplystruckDonaldsonandforcedhimtofacesomehardtruthsabouthimself.HalDonaldsongrewupintheSanFranciscoBayarea.Whenhewas12yearsold,hisparentswerehitbyadrunkdriver;hisfatherdied,andhismotherwasseriouslyinjured.Tomakeendsmeet,theywentonwelfare.Donaldsonsays,“Ihadholesinmyshoesandclothes.Whenyou'reteasedatschoolforthat,youjustwanttoescape.”Hemanagedtodojustthat.DonaldsongotintocollegeandturnedhisfocustomakingmoneyforhimselfHesays,“Iwasjusttryingtofindmywayoutofinsignificance.However,it'seasytooverlookothersalongtheway.Iwastheguythatwouldseeahomelesspersonandcrossthestreet,soIdidn'thavetoconfront(面对)him.Myfocuswasonclimbingtothetopinsteadofhelpingthosetryingtoclimbwithme.”DonaldsonreturnedhomefromIndiawithadifferentthought.HetraveledtoeightcitiesinAmericaandstayedonthestreetsandlistenedtostoriesofthehomeless.“Myheartbroke,”hesays.“IknewIcouldnolongerjustliveformyself.”InspiredbyMotherTeresa'swordsandthestorieshe'dheardacrossAmerica.Donaldsonloadedapick-uptruckwith$300worthofgroceriesandhandedthemouttoanyonewhoneededhelp.In1994,Donaldsoncreatedthenonprofitorganization,ConvoyforHope,whichworkswithcommunitiesacrossAmericaandaroundtheworld.Theirworkfocusesonfeedingchildren,women's empowerment,helpingfarmersanddisasterservices.24.Whatdid23-year-oldHalDonaldsondoinIndia?A.Heattendedaninterviewforacollege.B.HefedthehungrywithMotherTeresa.C.HeinterviewedMotherTeresa.D.Hedidsomethingtohelpthepoor.25.WhatcanwelearnaboutHalDonaldsonfromparagraph4?A.Hewasbornwithdisability.B.Heledahardlifeasachild.C.Hewaswelltreatedatschool.D.Hesurvivedasaparentlessboy.26.HowdoesHalDonaldsondescribehimselfincollege?A.Self-centered.B.Sympathetic.C.Popular.D.Casual.27.HowdidHalDonaldsonchangeafterhereturnedhomefromIndia?A.Hepreferredtravelingtovolunteering.B.Hesuddenlyfellinlovewithjournalism.C.Heturnedhisfocustolivingforhimself.D.Hegraduallydevotedhimselftohelpingothers.【答案】24.C25.B26.A27.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从小生活艰苦的HalDonaldson在努力改善生活条件的时候忽视了身边的人，而他与MotherTeresa的一次交流触动了他，他开始关注那些需要帮助的人并逐渐致力于帮助他人。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“In1990,HalDonaldsonwas23yearsold,freshoutofcollegeandfoundhimselfinCalcutta,India,wherehewasaskedtointerviewMotherTeresa.(1990年，23岁的HalDonaldson，刚从大学毕业，来到印度加尔各答，在那里他被要求采访MotherTeresa)”可知，23岁的HalDonaldson在印度采访了MotherTeresa。故选C。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Whenhewas12yearsold,hisparentswerehitbyadrunkdriver;hisfatherdied,andhismotherwasseriouslyinjured.Tomakeendsmeet,theywentonwelfare.(12岁时，他的父母被酒后驾车的司机撞了；他的父亲去世了，他的母亲受了重伤。为了收支相抵，他们靠救济生活)”可推断，童年时期的HalDonaldson过着艰难的生活。故选B。【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Iwasjusttryingtofindmywayoutofinsignificance.However,it'seasytooverlookothersalongtheway.Iwastheguythatwouldseeahomelesspersonandcrossthestreet,soIdidn'thavetoconfront(面对)him.Myfocuswasonclimbingtothetopinsteadofhelpingthosetryingtoclimbwithme.(我只是想摆脱自己的卑微。然而，在这个过程中很容易忽略其他人。我是那种看到无家可归的人就会过马路的人，所以我不用去面对他。我的注意力集中在攀登顶峰上，而不是帮助那些试图和我一起攀登的人)”可推断，大学时期的HalDonaldson只关注如何改善自己的生活，是一个以自我为中心的人。故选A。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“DonaldsonreturnedhomefromIndiawithadifferentthought.HetraveledtoeightcitiesinAmericaandstayedonthestreetsandlistenedtostoriesofthehomeless.(Donaldson从印度回到家后，想法转变了。他在美国去八个城市旅行了，待在街道上，倾听那些无家可归人们的故事)”和最后一段“InspiredbyMotherTeresa'swordsandthestorieshe'dheardacrossAmerica.Donaldsonloadedapick-uptruckwith$300worthofgroceriesandhandedthemouttoanyonewhoneededhelp.In1994,Donaldsoncreatedthenonprofitorganization,ConvoyforHope,whichworkswithcommunitiesacrossAmericaandaroundtheworld.(MotherTeresa的话语和他在美国各地听到的故事激励了他。Donaldson把价值300美元的食品杂货装上一辆小货车，分发给任何需要帮助的人。1994年，Donaldson创立了非营利组织“希望车队”，与美国和世界各地的社区合作)”可推断，HalDonaldson从印度回家以后开始关注别人的生活并逐渐致力于帮助别人。故选D。CAteamofresearchersfromseveralinstitutionsintheUKandoneinEstoniahascreatedatypeofbuoy（浮标）thathasproventobeeffectiveatfrighteningseabirds,thuspreventingthemfromgettingcaughtingillnets—atypeofverticalfishingnetthatismadeofamaterialthatmakesitnearlyinvisibleunderwater.Everyyear,hundredsofthousandsofseabirdsdiewhentheygetcaughtingillnets.Someestimatessuggestthatuptoahalf-millionbirdsarecaughtinthemeachyear.Overtheyears,researchershavecreateddevices（装置）topreventthebirdsfromtryingtocatchfishnearoringillnets,butthosedidn'tworkwell.Tofindawaythatwouldworkforallseabirds,theresearchersfirststudiedseabirdsinageneralsense,lookingtofindthingsthattheywouldavoid.Theynotedthatseabirdsavoidedeyecontactwith othercreatures.Thentheresearcherscameupwithasimpleidea—theyputasmallpoletoaregularbuoyandthenattachedapairofgooglyeyes（金鱼眼）tothetopofit.Theymadetheeyesbigenoughsothatevenbirdswithpooreyesight,suchasgeese,wouldseethem.Addingtotheeffectivenessofthedevice,wavesmadetheeyesmovebackandforth.Andthewindmadethebuoyspinveryslowly,makingsurethatbirdsfromeverydirectionwouldgetagoodlookattheeyes.Totesttheiridea,theresearchersselectedseveralsitesneargillnetsandcountedhowmanybirdsapproachedandhowmanyattemptedtocatchfishnearthenets.Theythensetuptheirgoogly-eyedbuoysandonceagaincountedbirds.Overthecourseof62days,theyfoundthenumberofbirdsthattriedtocatchfishnearthegillnetsdroppedbyapproximately25%foradistanceofupto50meters.Theyalsofoundthatthebirdswerelesslikelytofishnearwherethebuoyshadbeenforuptothreeweeksaftertheyhadbeenremoved.28.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph2?A.Introducinganewtopictodiscuss.B.Providingbackgroundinformation.C.Summarizingthepreviousparagraph.D.Pointingoutthemainideaofthetext.29.Whydidtheresearchersmakethegooglyeyesbig?A.Toensurealltheseabirdscanseethem.B.Toclearlyobserveseabirds'eyecontact.C.Toallowthemtosurvivethestrongwind.D.Toeffectivelyidentifytherightdirection.30.Whatdoestheresearchers'testresultmainlysuggest?A.ThenewdevicestillneedsimprovingB.Gillnetsareadeathvalleyforseabirds.C.Seabirdshardlycatchfishnearthenets.D.Thegoogly-eyedbuoyproveseffective.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Agroupofresearchersinterestedinseabirds.B.Awaytohelpseabirdscatchfisheffectively.C.Adevicekeepingseabirdssafefromgillnets.D.Agoogly-eyedbuoyguidingseabirdstohunt.【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发明的一种金鱼眼浮标，这种装置可以防止海鸟靠近渔网，从而避免因为被渔网缠住淹死。 【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第二段“Everyyear,hundredsofthousandsofseabirdsdiewhentheygetcaughtingillnets.Someestimatessuggestthatuptoahalf-millionbirdsarecaughtinthemeachyear.Overtheyears,researchershavecreateddevices（装置）topreventthebirdsfromtryingtocatchfishnearoringillnets,butthosedidn'tworkwell.”可知，每年都会有海鸟因为被渔网缠住而淹死，虽然多年来研究者一直致力于解决这个问题，但结果不尽人意。由此可推断，第二段的主要作用是介绍新的装置被发明的背景。故选B项。2.细节理解题。根据第三段“Theymadetheeyesbigenoughsothatevenbirdswithpooreyesight，suchasgeese,wouldseethem.”（他们把眼睛做的很大，甚至视力很弱的天鹅都能看到他们）可知，研究人员制作大的金鱼眼是为了确保所有的海鸟都能看见金鱼眼浮标。故选A项。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theyalsofoundthatthebirdswerelesslikelytofishnearwherethebuoyshadbeenforuptothreeweeksaftertheyhadbeenremoved.”（他们也发现鸟类不能会在那些装置被放了三周后再移除的地方捕食）可知，金鱼眼浮标的使用降低了海鸟被渔网缠住的风险，而且海鸟也会有意识地避开曾经放置了金鱼眼浮标的地区。由此可推断，金鱼眼浮标有效地阻止了海鸟靠近渔网从而避免被渔网缠住。故选D项。4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“...hascreatedatypeofbuoy（浮标）thathasproventobeeffectiveatfrighteningseabirds,thuspreventingthemfromgettingcaughtingillnets...”（...创造了一种浮标，被证明在吓走海鸟方面有作用，因此就能阻止它们被网缠住）可知，本文主要介绍了研究人员发明的一种防止海鸟被渔网缠住的金鱼眼浮标。故选C项。DIfyoueasilymakemistakeswheninahurry,anewstudyfromMichiganStateUniversity—thelargestofitskindtodate-foundthatmeditation(冥想)couldhelpyouimprovethesituation.Theresearchtestedhowopenmonitoringmeditation(OMM)—or,meditationthatfocusesawarenessonfeelingsorthoughtsastheyunfoldinone’smindandbody—alteredbrainactivityinawaythatsuggestedincreasederrorrecognition.“People’sinterestinmeditationisoutpacingwhatsciencecanproveintermsofeffectsandbenefits.”saidJeffLin,MSUpsychologydoctoralcandidateandstudyco-author.“Butit’samazingtomethatwewereabletoseehowonesessionofaguidedmeditationcouldproducechangestobrainactivityinnon-meditators.”“Someformsofmeditationhaveyoufocusonasingleobject,commonlyyourbreath,butopen monitoringmeditationisabitdifferent,”Linsaid,“Ithasyoutuneinwardandpayattentiontoeverythinggoingoninyourmindandbody.Thegoalistositquietlyandpaycloseattentiontowherethemindtravelswithoutgettingtoocaughtupinthescenery.”LinandhisMSUco-authors—WilliamEckerle,LingPengandJasonMoser—hiredmorethan200participantstotesthowopenmonitoringmeditationaffectedhowpeopledetectandrespondtoerrors.Theparticipants,whohadnevermeditatedbefore,weretakenthrougha20-minuteopenmonitoringmeditationexercisewhiletheresearchersmeasuredbrainactivitythroughelectroencephalography(脑电图),orEEG.Then,theycompletedacomputerizeddistraction(分心)test.“TheEEGcanmeasurebrainactivityatthemillisecondlevel,sowegotprecisemeasuresofbrainactivityrightaftermistakescomparedtocorrectresponses,”Linsaid.“Acertainneuralsignaloccursabouthalfasecondafteranerrorcalledtheerrorpositivity,whichislinkedtoconsciouserrorrecognition.Wefoundthatthestrengthofthissignalisincreasedinthemeditatorsrelativetocontrols.”“Thesefindingsshowwhatjust20minutesofopenmonitoringmeditationcandotoimprovethebrain’sabilitytodetectandpayattentiontomistakes,”Mosersaid.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altered”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Changed.B.Prevented.C.Started.D.Recorded.33.Whyisopenmonitoringmeditationdifferent?A.Itisjustaimedatasingleobject.B.Itclearsyourmindofeverything.C.Itgetstoocaughtupinthescenery.D.Itfocusesonwherethemindtravels.34.WhatdidtheresearchersdoforthestudyA.Theyhiredpeoplewhohadmeditatedbefore.B.Theymeasuredtheparticipants’brainactivity.C.Theyremindedtheparticipantstoavoiderrors.D.Theyhadnon-meditatorsdesignadistractiontest.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TurntoOMMtoAvoidActinginaHurryB.You’reAbletoRecognizeErrorsConsciously C.Meditators’BrainProvesMuchMoreActiveD.OMMCanHelpYouMakeFewerMistakes【答案】32.A33.D34.B35.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍的是实验证明，开放式冥想可以提高大脑发现和注意错误的能力，帮助我们减少在生活中出现的错误。【32题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第三段关键句“Butit’samazingtomethatwewereabletoseehowonesessionofaguidedmeditationcouldproducechangestobrainactivityinnon-meditators.”（但令我惊讶的是，我们能够看到一次有指导的冥想是如何改变非冥想者的大脑活动的。）中的“changes”可知，冥想可以改变大脑活动，由此可知，画线单词所在句“alteredbrainactivity”表示冥想可以“改变大脑活动”，“Changed”意为“改变”，能够表达画线单词所要表达的意思。故选A项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段关键句“Ithasyoutuneinwardandpayattentiontoeverythinggoingoninyourmindandbody.Thegoalistositquietlyandpaycloseattentiontowherethemindtravelswithoutgettingtoocaughtupinthescenery.”（它让你向内调整，关注你的思想和身体中发生的一切。我们的目标是静静地坐着，密切关注思想行进的地方，而不会过于沉迷于风景之中。）可知，开放式冥想密切关注的是思想行进的地方，而不会过于沉迷于风景之中，由此可知，开放式冥想的不同之处在于它关注的是思想在哪里行进。故选D项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段关键句“Theparticipants,whohadnevermeditatedbefore,weretakenthrougha20-minuteopenmonitoringmeditationexercisewhiletheresearchersmeasuredbrainactivitythroughelectroencephalography(脑电图),orEEG.”（在从未冥想过的参与者进行了20分钟的开放式冥想练习的同时，研究人员通过脑电图或EEG测量他们的大脑活动。）可知，在实验中，研究人员通过脑电图或EEG测量参与者的大脑活动，由此可知，研究人员为这项研究测量了参与者的大脑活动。故选B项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章最后一段内容““Thesefindingsshowwhatjust20minutesofopenmonitoringmeditationcandotoimprovethebrain’sabilitytodetectandpayattentionto mistakes,”Mosersaid.”（Moser说：“这些发现表明，仅仅20分钟的开放式冥想可以提高大脑发现和注意错误的能力。”）可知，本文主要介绍的是实验证明，开放式冥想可以提高大脑发现和注意错误的能力，帮助我们减少在生活中出现的错误，“OMMCanHelpYouMakeFewerMistakes”意为“开放式冥想可以帮助你少犯错误”，选项内容能够概括文章主要内容。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Motivationplaysaroleinalmosteverythingwedo.Fromgettingoutofbedinthemorningtodealingwithachoreorgoingafteranewroleatwork,it'sfinallythesenseofmotivationthatdrivesusfrombeginningtocompletionofanytaskthatlifethrowstous.____36____Theycancompletedailytaskswithoutasecondthoughtandremainefficientfrommorningtoevening.Others,however,maystruggletofindasenseofmotivationfordifferentreasons.Fortunately,hereareafewwaysyoucanintroducemotivationintoyourdailyroutine.●Createattainablegoals.Feelingstressedbecauseofagoaloraprojectisnormal.Evenifthetaskisabigone,youcanbreakitdownintosmallgoalstoworkyourwaytothefinishline.Forexample,ifyouhaveadifficultprojectcomingup,don'twaituntilthelastminutetobegin.____37____Thiswillmakeyoufeelchallenged,whilealsoallowingyoutofeelasifyou'vecompletedimportantactivities.●____38____Byrewardingyourselfonethingatatimeorattheendoftheday,youcanalsoteachyourselftobeamoremotivatedperson.Thisisabouttreatingyourselfforgoodwork!Everytimeyoucompleteatask,youknowyou'regoingtogetareward.Likewise,ifyoudon'tcompleteanytask,youwon'tgetareward.____39____●Createpositivehabitsovertime.____40____Inordertomakemotivationapositivehabit,apersonneedstotryandstartcompletingactivitieseverysingleday.Ofcourse,itisfinetomissadayhereandtherebutthatshouldbedonecautiously.A.Rewardyourself.B.Assessrewardsfordifferentachievements.C.Somepeoplefindmotivationeasytocomeby.D.Instead,makealistofachievablegoalsforeachday. E.Itusuallytakesaroundtwomonthstodevelopahabit.F.Soovertime,youassociaterewardswithbeingmotivated.G.Itisnotdifficulttodevelopapositivehabitrelatedtomotivation.【答案】36.C37.D38.A39.F40.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍如何培养做事的动力。【36题详解】根据空后“Theycancompletedailytaskswithoutasecondthoughtandremainefficientfrommorningtoevening.Others,however,maystruggletofindasenseofmotivationfordifferentreasons.(他们能不加思索地完成日常任务，从早到晚保持高效。然而，其他人可能由于各种原因要努力去找到一种动机意识)”可推知空格处在说一些有明确的动机的人。C项“Somepeoplefindmotivationeasytocomeby.(有些人认为动力很容易得到)”符合语境。故选C项。【37题详解】根据空前“Createattainablegoals.(设立可实现的目标)”和“Forexample,ifyouhaveadifficultprojectcomingup,don'twaituntilthelastminutetobegin.(例如，你有一个困难的项目出现了，不要等到最后一刻才开始)”及空后“Thiswillmakeyoufeelchallenged,whilealsoallowingyoutofeelasifyou'vecompletedimportantactivities.(这会让你感到有挑战性，让你感觉好像你已经完成了重要的活动)”可知，作者建议要设立可实现的目标，因为这会让你觉得有意义，D项“Instead,makealistofachievablegoalsforeachday.(相反，每一天列一个可以实现的目标清单)”符合语境。故选D项。【38题详解】空格处在小标题的位置，因此根据第二段和第四段小标题都是祈使句，可将答案锁定在A项和B项。再根据本段的内容，尤其是关键词“rewardingyourself”和“getareward”可知，A项“Rewardyourself.(奖励自己)”符合语境。故选A项。【39题详解】根据空前“Byrewardingyourselfonethingatatimeorattheendoftheday,youcanalsoteachyourselftobeamoremotivatedperson.(通过每次或在一天结束时奖励自己一件事，你也可以教会自己成为一个更有动力的人)”和“Everytimeyoucompleteatask,youknowyou'regoingtogetareward.Likewise,ifyoudon'tcompleteanytask,youwon'tgetareward.(每一次，你完成任务，你知道你将得到奖励。相反，如果你不能完成任何任务，你就不会得到奖励)”可知，奖励能 让自己有动力，而奖励是与你完成的任务有关，可得出时间久了，任务完成得多，奖励就多，最后奖励会刺激动力。F项“So,overtime,youassociaterewardswithbeingmotivated.(那么随着时间的推移，你会把奖励和动力联系在一起)”符合语境。故选F项。【40题详解】根据空前“Createpositivehabitsovertime.(逐步养成积极的习惯)”及空后“Inordertomakemotivationapositivehabit,apersonneedstotryandstartcompletingactivitieseverysingleday.(为了使动机成为一种积极的习惯，一个人需要努力先完成每天的任务)”可知，养成积极的习惯需要时间逐步形成。E项“Itusuallytakesaroundtwomonthstodevelopahabit.(养成一种习惯通常需要两个月左右)”符合语境。故选E项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ShoppingisanimportantpartofChristmaspreparations.____41____finditmoreexcitingthanusgrown-upssotheyparticipateinChristmasshoppingwithspecial____42____.Onelittlegirlwasdoingjustthatwhenshe____43____sawSantawalkingby.Or,that'satleastwhatshe____44____!ThinkingthetallstrangerwithagreybeardwasSantaClause,she____45____himandaskedwhathegotforherforChristmas.“Santa?I'vebeentoldmanytimes,”themansaidashekneltand____46____thelittlegirl.“Haveyoubeenagoodgirlthisyear?”heaskedher,uponwhichshe____47____proudly.The____48____thatunfoldedwassweetandheartwarming.Havingsteppedintothe____49____ofSanta,themanaskedthegirlifshewas____50____forChristmas,whichsheundoubtedlywas!Inher____51____,SantacamestraightfromtheNorthPole,withRudolfandhisreindeers,andwasnota____52____shemetatthesupermarket!SoshewassurprisedtomeetSantaandshetoldhimherChristmaswishes.Themanwas____53____tohelpandsoontheybegantalkingaboutwhatshewasgoingtoprepareforSantaandRudolf!“CanI____54____themall?”Santaasked,eagerlyexpectingtotrythecookiesthegirl____55____toprepareforhim.Thegirlcheerfullysaid“yes”andthenshetoldSantathatreindeersategrass.Santathen ____56____hislittlefriendofthefactthatgrasswashardtofindattheNorthPole.Somedetailshavingbeen____57____,itwasnowtimeforSantatoreturntohishardworkofpreparing____58____withhiscountlessChristmaselves,upfarintheNorthPole.Fornow,sheandSantahadtogotheir____59____waysuntilChristmasEve,whenSantawouldreturntopayheravisitandmakeher____60____cometrue.41.A.KidsB.CustomersC.SalesmenD.Adults42.A.honestyB.eleganceC.enthusiasmD.generosity43.A.unluckilyB.temporarilyC.purposefullyD.unexpectedly44.A.orderedB.thoughtC.heardD.cared45.A.ignoredB.approachedC.appreciatedD.defeated46.A.facedB.dressedC.condemnedD.adopted47.A.rejectedB.explainedC.noddedD.questioned48.A.invitationB.dreamC.historyD.scene49.A.awardB.burdenC.dietD.role50.A.lateB.famousC.readyD.sorry51.A.eyesB.stepsC.homeD.battle52.A.kindhelperB.randomstrangerC.specificpartnerD.crazyshopper53.A.eagerB.curiousC.astonishedD.tired54.A.sellB.buyC.eatD.cook55.A.beggedB.promisedC.failedD.hesitated56.A.remindedB.cheatedC.accusedD.broke57.A.hiddenB.spreadC.missedD.exchanged58.A.mealsB.presentsC.bargainsD.decorations59.A.challengingB.sameC.separateD.unclear60.A.liesB.doubtsC.predictionsD.wishes【答案】41.A42.C43.D44.B45.B46.A47.C48.D49.D50.C51.A52.B53.A54.C55.B56.A57.D58.B59.C 60.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。在圣诞节前，一个在超市购物的小女孩把一位顾客误认为是圣诞老人，他们之间进行了有趣、温馨的交流。【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们觉得这比我们成年人更令人兴奋，所以他们以特别的热情参与圣诞购物。A.Kids孩子；B.Customers顾客；C.Salesmen销售员；D.Adults成年人。根据后文“finditmoreexcitingthanusgrown-ups”可知孩子更喜欢圣诞节购物。故选A。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们觉得这比我们成年人更令人兴奋，所以他们以特别的热情参与圣诞购物。A.honesty诚实；B.elegance优雅；C.enthusiasm热情；D.generosity慷慨。呼应上文“finditmoreexciting”指孩子以特别的热情参与圣诞购物。故选C。【43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一个小女孩正在这样做的时候，她意外地看到圣诞老人走过。A.unluckily不幸地；B.temporarily暂时地；C.purposefully有目的地；D.unexpectedly意外地。根据后文“sawSantawalkingby”可知女孩是在购物的时候意外看到圣诞老人走过。故选D。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：或者，至少她是这么想的！A.ordered命令；B.thought认为；C.heard听见；D.cared关心。结合后文“ThinkingthetallstrangerwithagreybeardwasSantaClause”可知女孩购物的时候认为自己看到了圣诞老人，thought表示“认为”符合语境。故选B。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她以为那个灰色胡子的高个子陌生人是圣诞老人，于是走近他，问他送了什么圣诞礼物给她。A.ignored忽视；B.approached靠近；C.appreciated感激；D.defeated打败。根据后文“himandaskedwhathegotforherforChristmas.”可知女孩靠近那个“圣诞老人”，问他送了什么圣诞礼物给她。故选B。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“圣诞老人？很多人这么说，”这个男人跪在小女孩面前说。A.faced面对；B.dressed穿衣；C.condemned谴责；D.adopted采取。根据后文“thelittlegirl”可知男人跪下来，面对着女孩说话。故选A。【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你今年乖吗？”他问她，她骄傲地点了点头。A.rejected拒绝；B.explained解释；C.nodded点头；D.questioned质疑。根据后文副词proudly，可推测女孩的回答是肯定的，所以在点头。故选C。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：展现出的场面是甜蜜而温馨的。A.invitation邀请；B.dream梦想；C.history历史；D.scene场面。结合后文“sweetandheartwarming”可知指当时的场面甜蜜温馨。故选D。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当男人开始扮演圣诞老人的角色时，他问女孩是否准备好过圣诞节了，毫无疑问，女孩已经准备好了！A.award奖励；B.burden负担；C.diet饮食；D.role角色。根据后文“ofSanta”可知男人将错就错，开始扮演起了圣诞老人的角色。故选D。【50题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当男人开始扮演圣诞老人的角色时，他问女孩是否准备好过圣诞节了，毫无疑问，女孩已经准备好了！A.late迟到的；B.famous出名的；C.ready准备好的；D.sorry抱歉的。根据上文“themanaskedthegirlifshewas”结合当时是圣诞节，推测男人是问女孩是否准备好过圣诞节了，故选C。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她眼里，圣诞老人带着鲁道夫和他的驯鹿来自北极，而不是她在超市里偶然遇到的陌生人！A.eyes眼睛；B.steps步骤；C.home家；D.battle战争。根据后文“SantacamestraightfromtheNorthPole,withRudolfandhisreindeers”可知在女孩眼（eyes）里，圣诞老人与鲁道夫和他的驯鹿来自北极，故选A。【52题详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：在她眼里，圣诞老人带着鲁道夫和他的驯鹿来自北极，而不是她在超市里偶然遇到的陌生人！A.kindhelper友好的帮助者；B.randomstranger陌生人；C.specificpartner特别的伙伴；D.crazyshopper疯狂的购物中心。结合后文“shemetatthesupermarket”可知女孩认为圣诞老人并不是超市里遇到的某个陌生人。故选B。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个人很乐意帮忙，很快他们就开始谈论她要为圣诞老人和鲁道夫准备什么！A.eager热切的；B.curious好奇的；C.astonished震惊的；D.tired疲惫的。根据后文“tohelp”可知这个男人乐意帮忙，他们就开始谈论她要为圣诞老人和鲁道夫准备什 么。故选A。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我能把它们都吃了吗？”圣诞老人问，急切地想尝尝小女孩答应给他准备的饼干。A.sell出售；B.buy购买；C.eat吃；D.cook烹饪。结合后文“expectingtotrythecookies”可知此处指吃饼干，应用eat。故选C。【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我能把它们都吃了吗？”圣诞老人问，急切地想尝尝小女孩答应给他准备的饼干。A.begged恳求；B.promised承诺；C.failed失败；D.hesitated犹豫。根据后文“toprepareforhim”可知女孩答应给“圣诞老人”准备饼干。故选B。【56题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后圣诞老人提醒他的小朋友，在北极很难找到草。A.reminded提供；B.cheated欺骗；C.accused控告；D.broke打破。结合后文“hislittlefriendofthefactthatgrasswashardtofindattheNorthPole”可知为短语remindsb.ofsth.表示“提醒某人某事”。故选A。【57题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在交换了一些细节之后，现在是圣诞老人回到遥远的北极，和他的无数圣诞精灵一起辛苦准备礼物的时候了。A.hidden隐藏；B.spread传播；C.missed错过；D.exchanged交换。根据上文“Somedetailshavingbeen”指两个交换一些为圣诞老人和麋鹿准备礼物的细节，故选D。【58题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在交换了一些细节之后，现在是圣诞老人回到遥远的北极，和他的无数圣诞精灵一起辛苦准备礼物的时候了。A.meals一餐；B.presents礼物；C.bargains便宜货；D.decorations装饰。根据上文“Santatoreturntohishardworkofpreparing”可知圣诞老人要回到北极，开始准备圣诞礼物。故选B。【59题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，她和圣诞老人只能各自离开，直到平安夜，那时圣诞老人会回来看望她，让她的愿望成真。A.challenging挑战性的；B.same同样的；C.separate分开的；D.unclear不清楚的。两人交谈之后，圣诞老人要和女孩分开了，直到平安夜才会再见。故选C。【60题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，她和圣诞老人只能各自离开，直到平安夜，那时圣诞老人会回来看望她，让她的愿望成真。A.lies撒谎；B.doubts怀疑；C.predictions预测；D.wishes希望，愿望。根据后文“cometrue”可知此处指让女孩的愿望成真，应用wishes。故选D。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Erhu,atypeofChinesestringinstrument,isanimportantandpopularmusicalinstrumentinChina.Oneofthemostunique____61____（quality）ofErhuisthatitonlyhastwostrings.Butevenwithonlyavery____62____（limit）numberofstrings,professionalErhuplayerscanconveyalotofemotionswiththeirplay.Erhuisanexpressivebowedstringinstrumentthatcanproduceanimals'soundsandevenhumanvoices.Despiteitspopularity,there____63____（be）veryfewhistoricalrecordsaboutErhu.Thereisageneralconsensus____64____Erhuisactuallyan____65____（adapt）ofXiqin,aninstrumentthat____66____（introduce）intocentralChinaduringthetimesoftheTangDynasty.Erhuissimilartotheviolin,buttherearemanysignificantdifferences____67____them.Forinstance,Erhuis____68____（normal）playedonamusician'slap（oronatable）vertically.Ithasnofingerboard,andthebowisalreadyfixedbetweenthetwostrings（notaseparatepartof____69____instrument）.Erhuistechnicallyastringinstrumentwithmiddle-highsoundrange,knownfor_____70_____（produce）thetenderandsomber（忧郁的）music.【答案】61.qualities62.limited63.are64.that65.adaptation66.wasintroduced67.between68.normally69.the70.producing【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了二胡的相关信息。 【61题详解】考查名词复数。句意：二胡最独特的特点之一就是它只有两根弦。quality此处意为“特性”，为可数名词，又根据空前的修饰词Oneofthemostunique可知，此处用所给名词的复数。故填qualities。【62题详解】考查形容词。句意：但即使只有非常有限的琴弦，专业的二胡演奏者也能通过演奏传递出很多情感。形容词修饰名词number，根据句意和提示词，表示“有限的”。故填limited。【63题详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管二胡很受欢迎，但有关二胡的历史记载却很少。此处是一般性陈述，用一般现在时，又因为主语是records，此处用are。故填are。【64题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：人们普遍认为二胡是西琴的变体，西琴是唐代传入中国中部地区的乐器。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个同位语从句，该从句解释说明consensus的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，此处用连接词that。故填that。【65题详解】考查名词。句意：人们普遍认为二胡是西琴的变体，西琴是唐代传入中国中部地区的乐器。根据空前的冠词an可知，此处用所给动词的名词单数作表语。故填adaptation。【66题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：人们普遍认为二胡是西琴的变体，西琴是唐代传入中国中部地区的乐器。根据时间状语duringthetimesoftheTangDynasty可知，此处用一般过去时，又因为aninstrument与动词introduce之间存在动宾关系，此处用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wasintroduced。【67题详解】考查介词。句意：二胡与小提琴相似，但它们之间有许多显著的区别。此处指“二胡和小提琴之间”，此处用介词between。故填between。【68题详解】考查副词。句意：例如，二胡通常是在音乐家的腿上(或桌子上)垂直演奏的。它没有指板，弓已经固定在两根弦之间(不是乐器的一个独立部分)。此处用所给形容词的副词修饰动词played。故填normally。【69题详解】 考查冠词。句意：例如，二胡通常是在音乐家的腿上(或桌子上)垂直演奏的。它没有指板，弓已经固定在两根弦之间(不是乐器的一个独立部分)。此处的instrument特指前文提到的Erhu，此处用定冠词the。故填the。【70题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：二胡在技术上是一种中高音域的弦乐器，以产生柔和而忧郁的音乐而闻名。此处用所给动词的动名词作介词for的宾语。故填producing。第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Yesterday,onmywayhome,Ipassedbyanoldladywhoseemedintrouble.IturnedbackandaskedifshewasOK.SheexplainedthatIsuddenlyfeltsickandhadtroublewalkinginhershoppingbags.Iofferedcarryherbags,whoseemedtooheavyforher,butshepolitelyrefused.Iinsisted,becausesheagreedtoletmehelp.AsIwalkedwithher,sheintroducedherself.Ialsotoldhermynames.SheaskedifIknowLiGuangming.Iwasakindofsurprisedandsaidhewasmygrandfather.Itturnedoutthattheladywasmygrandfatherneighbor.Whatanunbelievablycoincidence!【答案】1I→she2.in→with3.carry前加to4.who→which5.because→so/and6.names→name7.know→knew8.删掉a9.grandfather→grandfather's10.unbelievably→unbelievable【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“我”在回家的路上帮助走路有困难的老人，结果这位老人是“我”爷爷的邻居。【详解】1.考查代词。句意：她解释道，她突然觉得不舒服，拿着购物袋走路有困难。根据句意以及前面的“Sheexplained”(她解释道)可知，“这位老人”突然感到不舒服，所以应用代词she，故将I改为she。2.考查介词。句意：她解释道，她突然觉得不舒服，拿着购物袋走路有困难。根据句意可知， “她拿着购物袋走路有困难”，应用介词with，表示“拿着”，故将in改为with。3.考查固定搭配。句意：我主动提出要拿着她的购物袋，这个购物袋对于她来说似乎太重了，但是她礼貌地拒绝了我的帮助。offertodo是固定搭配，表示“主动提出做某事”，故在carry前加to。4.考查定语从句关系词。句意：我主动提出要拿着她的购物袋，这个购物袋对于她来说似乎太重了，但是她礼貌地拒绝了我的帮助。分析句子结构可知，“whoseemedtooheavyforher”是定语从句，先行词是bags(包)，指物，逗号隔开是非限定性定语从句，应用which，故将who改为which。5.考查连词。句意：我坚持要帮助她，（因此）她同意让我帮她。根据句意可知，前后两句可以构成因果关系，“我坚持要帮助她”是原因，“她同意让我帮她”是结果，所以应用连词so；前后动作也可以是先后关系，所以也可以用and，表示“然后”，故将because改为so或and。6.考查名词单复数。句意：我也告诉她我的名字。根据句意可知，“我的名字”是指一个名字，所以name(名字)应用单数形式，故将names改为name。7.考查时态。句意：她问我是否知道李光明。根据句子结构可知，主句“Sheasked”是一般过去时，所以if引导的宾语从句应用一般过去时，此处是描述过去的事，故将know改为knew。8.考查固定搭配。句意：我有点惊讶，说他是我的爷爷。kindof是固定搭配，表示“有点”，故将a删除。9.考查名词所有格。句意：结果证明这位女士是我爷爷的邻居。根据后面的neighbor(爷爷)可知，应用名词所有格来修饰neighbor，表示“爷爷的”，故将grandfather改为grandfather's。10.考查形容词。句意：多么难以置信的巧合！由后面的coincidence(巧合)可知，应用形容词unbelievable来修饰，做定语，表示“难以置信的”，故将unbelievably改为unbelievable。第二节书面表达（满分25分）72.有人说锻炼需要时间、空间、毅力等。你认为锻炼最需要的是什么？请你以“DoingExerciseRequires________Most”为题写一篇英文短文向某英语报投稿，内容包括：1.锻炼最需要的东西；2.请举例说明。注意：1.补全短文题目； 2.词数100左右。DoingExerciseRequires________Most________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:DoingExerciseRequiresPatienceMostWhenitcomestodoingexercise,somepeoplethinkthatitrequirestime,space,willpowerandsoon,butforme,patienceisthemostimportant.AsfarasIcanremember,IbegantoruntoloseweightwhenIwas13yearsold.However,afterIdidrunningforamonth,IfeltthattherewasnoobviousweightlossandIstartedtogetimpatient.Fortunately,myfathernoticedmychangeandencouragedmetobemorepatient.Itookhisadviceandpatientlystucktomyroutine.Gradually,runningbecamepartofmylifeandIbecamefitter.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“DoingExerciseRequires________Most”为题写一篇英文短文向某英语报投稿。【详解】1.词汇积累需要：need→require开始：start→begin建议：suggestion→advice坚持：insist→stickto2.句式拓展句型转换原句：Gradually,runningbecamepartofmylifeandIbecamefitter.拓展句：Gradually,runningbecameapartofmylife,whichmademehealthier. 【点睛】[高分句型1]AsfarasIcanremember,IbegantoruntoloseweightwhenIwas13yearsold.这句话运用了when引导的时间状语从句。[高分句型2]However,afterIdidrunningforamonth,IfeltthattherewasnoobviousweightlossandIstartedtogetimpatient.这句话运用了that引导的宾语从句。