重庆市2021届高三下学期学业质量调研抽测英语试题（一）Word版含解析

重庆市高三第一次学业质量调研抽测第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）ASeveralnewfilmsonordinarypeople’scontributionswerereleasedincelebrationofthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC).Akaleidoscope(万花筒)ofheroesPatriotismandrealismreflectedinMyPeople,MyCountryarethetoptwoelementsthathavewontheaudiences’hearts.“InthesevenstoriesinMyPeople,MyCountry,theprotagonists(主角)arenolongerthemaincreatorsofhistory,”ZhengYang,ateacher,saidafterwatchingthemovie.“Wedon’twanttosimplysingpraisesofChina’sachievementsoverthepast70years;wewanttoshowthatalltheachievementshavebeenmadethankstotheChinesepeople’sefforts,”ChenKaige,toldPeople.com.cninavideointerview.AmiraculousescapeTheCaptain,directedbyAndrewLau,isbasedonarealincident.OnMay142018,aSichuanAirlinesflightfromChongqingtoLhasainsouthwestChina’sTibetAutonomousRegion,madeamiraculousescapewhenacockpitwindowbroke.Itcausedasuddendropintheairpressureinsidetheaircraft,leadingtotheco-pilotalmostbeingsuckedout.Hewassavedbyhisseatbelt.Thetemperatureplungedtominus40degreesCelsius.Butagainstgreatodds,CaptainLiuChuanjianmanagedtolandtheplaneandkeepall128onboardsafe.Itwasregardedasamiracleincivilaviationhistory.PeakperformanceTheClimbers,isbasedontwoexpeditions(探险)byChineseclimberstoMt.Qomolangma,thehighestmountainintheworld.In1960,threeChineseclimbers,werethefirsttoreachthesummitfromthedangerousnorthernside,becomingthefirstmentodoso.However,thefeatwasnotrecognizedinternationallyastheteamfailedtoprovideanyevidence.TovindicatetheChineseclimbers,agiganticteamofover400memberswasputtogetherin1975.Duringthisexpedition,nineclimbersreachedthetop.Theexpeditionalsomeasuredtheheightofthepeak—8,848.13meters.1.What’sthecommoninthesevenstoriesinMyPeople,MyCountry?A.Theyareallbasedonrealincidents.,B.Theyareallaboutcommonpeople.C.Theyareallaboutheroesinthehistory.D.TheyareallaboutthefoundingofChina.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“againstgreatodds”probablymean?A.Outofquestion.B.Aroundthecorner.C.Allofasudden.D.Throughthickandthin.3.Whichisthebesttitleforthewholepassage?A.People’sHeroesB.TheGreatEscapeC.TheNewExpeditionD.People’sExpectation【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了为庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年，上映的几部关于普通人贡献的新片，包括《我和我的祖国》、《中国机长》和《攀登者》。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Akaleidoscope(万花筒)ofheroes部分关键句“InthesevenstoriesinMyPeople,MyCountry,theprotagonists(主角)arenolongerthemaincreatorsofhistory.”（在《我和我的祖国》的七个故事中，主角不再是历史的主要创造者。）和“Wedon’twanttosimplysingpraisesofChina’sachievementsoverthepast70years;wewanttoshowthatalltheachievementshavebeenmadethankstotheChinesepeople’sefforts.（我们不想简单地歌颂中国70年来取得的成就，我们要表明，所有的成就都是中国人民努力的结果。）可知，在《我和我的祖国》的七个故事中，主角不再是历史的主要创造者，而是普通人，电影想要表明的是中国70年来取得的成就是中国人民努力的结果。由此可知，在《我和我的祖国》这部电影中，七个故事的共同点是它们都是关于普通人的故事。故选B项。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据Amiraculousescape部分关键句“OnMay14,2018,aSichuanAirlinesflightfromChongqingtoLhasainsouthwestChina’sTibetAutonomousRegion,madeamiraculousescapewhenacockpitwindowbroke.”（2018年5月14,日，四川航空公司一架从重庆飞往中国西南西藏自治区拉萨的航班，驾驶舱窗户破裂，但奇迹般地逃生的事情。）可知，在《中国机长》这部电影中，讲述了在驾驶舱窗户破裂的危险情况下，机组人员和乘客克服重重困难逃生的故事。由此可推断出，画线短语所在句表示，但机长刘传建“克服重重困难”，成功降落飞机，并确保机上128人的安全，“Throughthickandthin”意为“不畏艰难，历尽千辛万苦”，符合句意。故选D项。【3题详解】主旨大意题。通读文章，结合第一段内容“Severalnewfilmsonordinarypeople’scontributionswerereleasedincelebrationofthe70thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC).”（为庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年，上映了几部关于普通人贡献的新片。）可知，文章主要介绍的是为庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年，上映的几部电影，电影中主要介绍的是普通人对我们的祖国做出的贡献。“People’sHeroes”意为“人民英雄”，能够概括文章主要内容，普通人就是我们生活中的英雄。故选A项。BFollowingtipsfromatouristguide15yearsago,ZhaoJiangwenttoMahabalipuram,atown,thatdespiteitsarchitecturalsplendors,goldenbeachandperformingarts,wasstrictlyoffthemapforChineseholiday-goersatthetime.TheninOctober,camethenewsthatChinesePresidentXiJinpingandIndianPrimeMinisterNarendraModiwouldhaveaninformalsummitatthesameseasideresortintheIndianstateofTamilNadu.“IwashappythatTamilNadugotthechancetohostthesummitandenjoythespotlight,andIwasproudthatwhatIhavelearnedandamworkingonhasnowbecomewell-known,”Zhao,whoheadstheTamillanguageserviceatChinaRadioInternational(CRI),said.IthasbeenanilluminatingjourneyforZhao.Inthemid-1990s,whenshewenttostudyaforeignlanguageattheCommunicationUniversityofChina,shechosehermajormoreonaquirk.“Atthattime,theuniversitywasofferingBangla,Nepali,SwahiliandTamilasforeignlanguages.IknewBanglawasspokeninBangladesh,NepaliinNepalandSwahiliinTanzania.ButIhadneverheardofTamilandIhadnoideawhereitwasspoken.SoIsignedupforthisunheard-oflanguage,”shesaid.Today,sheisanexpertinTamil,thepredominantlanguageinTamilNadu.ItisalsospokeninSriLanka,SingaporeandMalaysia.Oneoftheoldestlanguagesintheworldwithahistoryofabout2100years,itsscriptisformidable,leadingtoanotedIndianbusinesstycooncallingit“theGreatWallofTamil.”4.WhydidZhaoJianggotoMahabalipuram15yearsago?A.Chinesetouristslovedtogothere.B.Leadersoftenhadmeetingsthere.C.ZhaoJianglovedthearchitecturethere.D.Atouristguideadvisedhertogothere.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutZhaoJiang’sjob?A.Shehoststheimportsummit.B.ShechargestheTamilbranch.C.Sheworksasajournalist.D.Sheenjoysthespotlight.,6.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“onaquirk”probablymean?A.Onoccasions.B.Inadvance.C.Byaccident.D.Onpurpose.7.Whatiscalled“theGreatWallofTamil”byanIndianbusinessman?A.TheoralformofTamillanguage.B.ThelonghistoryofTamillanguage.C.ThewritingsystemofTamillanguage.D.TheonlyexpertonTamillanguage.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国国际广播电台泰米尔语服务负责人赵江学习泰米尔语的经历以及关于泰米尔语的相关知识。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Followingtipsfromatouristguide15yearsago,ZhaoJiangwenttoMahabalipuram,atown,thatdespiteitsarchitecturalsplendors,goldenbeachandperformingarts,wasstrictlyoffthemapforChineseholiday-goersatthetime.(15年前，按照导游的建议，赵江去了马哈巴利普兰，这个小镇尽管有着辉煌的建筑、金色的海滩和表演艺术，但在当时，中国的度假者绝对不会去那里)”可知，赵江在15年前去马哈巴利普兰是因为一个导游建议她去那里。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““IwashappythatTamilNadugotthechancetohostthesummitandenjoythespotlight,andIwasproudthatwhatIhavelearnedandamworkingonhasnowbecomewell-known,”Zhao,whoheadstheTamillanguageserviceatChinaRadioInternational(CRI),said.(“我很高兴泰米尔纳德邦有机会主办这次峰会，并享受到关注，我很自豪，我所学到的和正在做的事情现在已经出名了，”中国国际广播电台泰米尔语服务负责人赵说)”可知，赵江的工作是负责泰米尔分部。故选B。【6题详解】词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段““Atthattime,theuniversitywasofferingBangla,Nepali,SwahiliandTamilasforeignlanguages.IknewBanglawasspokeninBangladesh,NepaliinNepalandSwahiliinTanzania.ButIhadneverheardofTamilandIhadnoideawhereitwasspoken.SoIsignedupforthisunheard-oflanguage,”shesaid.(“当时，这所大学提供孟加拉语、尼泊尔语、斯瓦希里语和泰米尔语作为外语。我知道孟加拉人说孟加拉语，尼泊尔人说尼泊尔语，坦桑尼亚人说斯瓦希里语。但我从未听说过泰米尔语，也不知道在哪里说泰米尔语。所以我选择了这种闻所未闻的语言。”)”可知，赵江是意外选择了自己的专业。故画线词意思是“意外地”。A.Onoccasions.有时；B.Inadvance.提前；C.Byaccident.意外地；D.Onpurpose.故意地。故选C。【7题详解】,细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Oneoftheoldestlanguagesintheworldwithahistoryofabout2100years,itsscriptisformidable,leadingtoanotedIndianbusinesstycooncallingit“theGreatWallofTamil.”(泰米尔语是世界上最古老的语言之一，已有2100年的历史。它的文字令人生畏，以至于一位著名的印度商业大亨称它为“泰米尔长城”)”可知，印度商人称之为“泰米尔长城”的是泰米尔语的书写系统。故选C。CAtfirstglance,thereisnothingunusualabouttheBingoBoxstore—shelvesstackedwithsnackslinethewalls,temptingpassers-bythroughtheglasswindows.Butoncloserinspection,BingoBoxisnoordinarystore.ThedooropensonlyaftercustomersscanaQRcodetoenter,andthereisnocashiertotallyuppurchases—justalonecheckoutcounterinacorner.TheShanghai-basedcompanyisoneofmanyunmannedstoreoperatorsopeningoutletsalloverChina,hopingtoimproveslimprofitmarginsintheretailbusinessbyreducingstaffcosts.“Ifcapitalcostsrisequickly,thatputsgreaterpressureonlow-marginbusinesseslikeconveniencestoresandsupermarkets,”saidAndrewSong,ananalystatGuotaiJunanSecurities.“InChina,manpowercostshavebeenrisingrelativelyquickly.”However,thefuturisticvisionofshoppingwithoutacheckoutpersonisstillinprogress.AreporterwhovisitedaBingoBoxstoreinShanghaiwasbrieflylockedinwhenhewastryingtoexitwithoutmakingapurchase.Althoughasignneartheexitstatedthatempty-handedcustomerscanleavebyscanningaQRcode,noQRcodewastobefound.Repeatedcallstothecustomerservicehotlinewentunanswered.AnotherunmannedoperationinChina,TakeGo,onlyallowsonecustomerintheshopatatimebecauseoftechnologylimitationsinusingmultiplecamerasforscanningcustomers’faces.Theideaofunmannedstoresfirstcaughttheworld’sattentionwhenthelargestUSonlineretailerannounceditscashier-lessstore,whichisonlyavailabletoemployeesfornow.Sincethen,sometechnologycompaniesinChina,includingthee-commercefirmAlibabaGroup,havelaunchedtheirownversionsofunmannedstores.EmbeddedwithtechnologysuchasRFIDtags,mobilepaymentsystemsandfacialrecognitionsystems,suchstorescollectvaluabledatathatgiveoperatorsabetterideaofconsumers’preferenceandbuyinghabits,whichcanthenbeusedtooptimizetheoperationandmakemoreefficientinventorydecisions.ForBingoBox,loweroperatingcostsalsomeanitcanaffordtoexpanditsreachtoareaswithlessfoottraffic,accordingtoChenZilin,thefounderandCEOofBingoBox.8.WhatmakestheBingoBoxstorelooklikeanordinaryconveniencestore?A.Shelvesstackedwithgoods.B.Alonecheckoutcounter.C.Nocashiertocheckout.D.EnteringbyscanningaQRcode.9.Whyareunmannedstorespopularwithoperators?,A.Thecustomersprefermobilepaymentsystems.B.Theunmannedstoreshelpimproveprofitwithlowerlaborcosts.C.Theemployeesfocusonconsumers’preferenceandbuyinghabits.DTheoperatorscaremoreaboutoperationsandinventorydecisions.10.Howmanycasescanshowthattheunmannedstoresneedimproving?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.11.WhatcanweinferaccordingtoChenZilin?A.Nowadaysallstoresshouldbeequippedwithadvancedtechnology.B.Theoperatorscollectdataaboutconsumers’preferenceandbuyinghabits.C.BingoBoxmadewiserdecisionsbasedonthedatacollectedinunmannedstores.D.Theoperatorscanopenunmannedsupermarketsinmoreremoteplaceswithlowcosts.【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。上海出现首家无人商店BingoBox，希望通过降低员工成本来提高零售业务微薄的利润率。但是目前来说，无人商店还存在一定地局限。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Atfirstglance,thereisnothingunusualabouttheBingoBoxstore—shelvesstackedwithsnackslinethewalls,temptingpassers-bythroughtheglasswindows.(乍一看，BingoBox商店并没有什么特别之处——墙上摆满了零食的货架，吸引着透过玻璃窗的路人)”可知，堆满货物的货架让BingoBox商店看起来像一个普通的便利店。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“TheShanghai-basedcompanyisoneofmanyunmannedstoreoperatorsopeningoutletsalloverChina,hopingtoimproveslimprofitmarginsintheretailbusinessbyreducingstaffcosts.(这家总部位于上海的公司是众多在中国各地开设门店的无人商店运营商之一，希望通过降低员工成本来提高零售业务的微薄利润)”以及第二段中“InChina,manpowercostshavebeenrisingrelativelyquickly.(在中国，人力成本上涨相对较快)”可知，无人商店受运营商欢迎因为无人商店有助于降低劳动力成本从而提高利润。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“AreporterwhovisitedaBingoBoxstoreinShanghaiwasbrieflylockedinwhenhewastryingtoexitwithoutmakingapurchase.Althoughasignneartheexitstatedthatempty-handedcustomerscanleavebyscanningaQRcode,noQRcodewastobefound.Repeatedcallstothecustomerservicehotlinewent,unanswered.(一名记者在上海参观了一家宾果盒子商店，当他试图不买东西就离开时被短暂地锁了起来。虽然出口附近有一个标识写着，空手的顾客可以通过扫描二维码离开，但没有发现二维码。多次拨打客户服务热线，无人接听)”以及第五段“AnotherunmannedoperationinChina,TakeGo,onlyallowsonecustomerintheshopatatimebecauseoftechnologylimitationsinusingmultiplecamerasforscanningcustomers’faces.(中国的另一项无人操作商店是TakeGo，由于使用多个摄像头扫描顾客面部的技术限制，一次只能让一名顾客进店)”可知，有两个案例可以说明无人商店需要改进。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“ForBingoBox,loweroperatingcostsalsomeanitcanaffordtoexpanditsreachtoareaswithlessfoottraffic,accordingtoChenZilin,thefounderandCEOofBingoBox.(BingoBox的创始人兼首席执行官陈子林表示，对于BingoBox来说，较低的运营成本也意味着它可以将业务扩展到客流量较小的地区)”可推知，运营商可以在更偏远的地方以低成本开设无人超市。故选D。DTheproliferation(激增)offiresintheAmazonrainforestdrewinternationalattentioninAugust2019,especiallywhenFrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacroncalledforurgentaction.Sincethen,theeyesoftheworldhaveshiftedelsewhereasHouseDemocratslaunchedanimpeachment(弹劾)inquiryagainstPresidentDonaldTrump.Meanwhile,theAmazoncontinuedtoburn.Thenumberoffiresdecreasedby35%inSeptember2019,butexpertssaythisismerelyaslowdowninacrisiswithglobalrepercussions(反响).Therewerestill19,925fireoutbreaksinSeptember2019ontheBrazilianpartoftherainforest,whichaccountsfornearly65%oftheAmazonbasin.Moreover,throughthefirstninemonthsof2019,thenumberoffiressoaredby41%comparedtothesameperiodin2018,Brazil’sNationalInstituteforSpaceResearch(INPE)reported.Higherrainfalltotalsthanusualsince the beginning of September2019andmeasurestakenundermountingpressurebyBrazilianPresidentJairBolsonaro—whodeployed the militaryto the Amazon andimposedatwomonthbanonclearinglandthrough fires—contributedto the burningdecline.“Thefactorsthatledtosuchwidespreadfiresinthefirstplace—decreasedenforcementofforestlaw,illegaldeforestationforagricultureandinvasionofnativeterritories—remaininplace,”saidNigelSizer,ChiefProgramOfficerfortheadvocacyorganizationRainforestAlliance.“ItisgoodnewsthattherearefewerfiresintheAmazonrightnow,butthisisashort-termpausefromthelargerproblem.”Thatproblemcentersondeforestationthroughsystematicallychoppingdowntrees,whichareeitherloggedorburned,mostlytoconvert the landforraisingcattleandgrowingcrops. The practicehasexpandedfromasmallscaletoanindustrialproduction,leadingtoabout20% of the Brazilian Amazon havingbeenclearedsince1970.12.WhoraisedinternationalattentiontotheproliferationoffiresintheAmazonrainforest?,A.EmmanuelMacron.B.DonaldTrump.C.NigelSizer.DJairBolsonaro.13.What’sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.TherearemorefiresinAmazonnowthaneverbefore.B.ThereweremorefiresinAmazoninAugust2019thaninSeptember2019.C.TheproliferationoffirescoversmostofthewideareainAmazon.D.ThefiresintheAmazonrainforestisstillburningwithinternationalattention.14.What’sthemaincauseofthewidespreadfiresintheAmazonrainforest?A.Decreasedenforcementofforestlaw.B.Invasionofnativeterritories.C.Seriousdeforestationforagriculture.D.Theshor-termpauseoftheproliferationoffires.15.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Agardeningmagazine.C.Anewspaper.D.Atravelbrochure.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。本文介绍了2019年8月份亚马逊雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；9月份，火灾数量虽有所减少，但是亚马逊雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马逖雨林开展灭火工作；对森林法的执行降低、为了进行农业活动而非法毀林和对本土的入侵仍然是导致大火的因素，但造成大火的主要原因是滥伐森林。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Theproliferation(激增)offiresintheAmazonrainforestdrewinternationalattentioninAugust2019,especiallywhenFrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacroncalledforurgentaction.(2019年8月，亚马逖雨林火灾的激增引起国际关注，特别是法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时)”可知，亚马逊雨林大火的激增引起了国际关注，特别是当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，即马克龙把国际的注意力引向了亚马逊大火，故选A。,【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thenumberoffiresdecreasedby35%inSeptember2019,butexpertssaythisismerelyaslowdowninacrisiswithglobalrepercussions(反响).(2019年9月，火灾数量減少了35％，但专家们说，这只是在全球的间接影响下处于危机之中的一种减缓而已)”可知，2019年9月亚马逊雨林的火灾数量下降了35％，但专家称这仅仅是在全球的间接影响下雨林处于危机之中的一种减缓而已，亚马逊雨林仍在燃烧。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段首句“Thefactorsthatledtosuchwidespreadfiresinthefirstplace—decreasedenforcementofforestlaw,illegaldeforestationforagricultureandinvasionofnativeterritories—remaininplace…(首先导致火灾蔓延的因素是森林法的执行力下降、非法毀林用于农业和入侵土著领土……)”以及第五段句首“Thatproblemcentersondeforestationthroughsystematicallychoppingdowntrees,whichareeitherloggedorburned,mostlytoconvertthelandforraisingcattleandgrowingcrops.(这个问题的核心是系统地砍树造成的滥伐森林，这些树木要么被砍伐要么被烧毁，主要是为了改变土地，用来饲养牲畜和种植庄稼)”可知，为了农业而滥伐森林是主要原因，故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。从全文尤其是第一段“Theproliferation(激增)offiresintheAmazonrainforestdrewinternationalattentioninAugust2019,especiallywhenFrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacroncalledforurgentaction.(2019年8月，亚马逖雨林火灾蔓延引起国际关注，特别是法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动)”可知，本文讲述了当法国总统马克龙呼吁采取紧急行动时，2019年8月份亚马雨林火灾的激增引发了国际的关注；9月份，火灾数量虽有所少，但是亚马逖雨林大火仍在燃烧，巴西总统博索纳罗下令出动军队前往亚马逊雨林开展灭火工作。可知，文章介绍的是一个时事新闻，因此本文可能来自报纸。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。IntheearlydecadesofthePeople’sRepublicofChinafoundedin1949,duetotheunderdevelopedtransportationandcommunicationsystem,itwashardforpeoplelivingandworkingfarawayfromtheirhometowntovisittheirfamiliesorstayintouchregularly.Sotoenablepeopletogettogetherwiththeirnearanddearonesatleastonceayear,____16____.Itwasdecidedthateveryyear,amarriedcouplecouldhavefamilyleavefor30daystoseeeachother____17____;iftheylivedtogether,theycouldhave20daystovisittheirparentseveryfouryears.____18____.Aregulationwasissuedin1958andthesystemwasimprovedthroughmoreregulationintheearly1980s.However,nowadays,thankstotherapiddevelopmentoftransportandcommunicationmeans,it’smucheasier,forpeopletoeithercontacttheirdearonesfrequentlyorvisitthem,____19____.Besides,asthefamilyleaveschemecoversonlythosewhoworkingovernmentdepartmentsandstate-ownedenterprises,itisincreasinglybeingregardedasanoutdatedpracticeandaprivilegeenjoyedbyasmallgroupofpeople.____20____.Whilethisisbackedbythosewhodon’thavefamilyleave,itisstronglyopposedbythosewhodo.Also,somesaythattheissueisnotwhetherfamilyleaveshouldbecanceled;insteadChina’scurrentholidayandleavesystemshouldbereformedinentirely.A.theychoosetolivetogetherB.iftheylivedindifferentplacesC.thefamilyleavewasintroducedD.nomatterhowfarawaytheyareE.Singlepeoplecouldenjoy20days’leaveannuallytovisittheirparentsF.TherearesuggestionsthatthesystemshouldbecanceledtokeepupwiththetimesG.Foremployeeswithchildrenregularuseoffamilyleavewastoincreaselifesatisfaction.【答案】16.C17.B18.E19.D20.F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍探亲假的产生原因，规定以及目前的发展状况。【16题详解】根据上文“IntheearlydecadesofthePeople’sRepublicofChinafoundedin1949,duetotheunderdevelopedtransportationandcommunicationsystem,itwashardforpeoplelivingandworkingfarawayfromtheirhometowntovisittheirfamiliesorstayintouchregularly.（从1949年中华人民共和国成立的最初几十年里，由于交通和通讯系统不发达，人们在远离家乡的地方生活和工作，很难经常看望家人或保持联系。）”可推断了为了家人和亲人的团聚，引入话题探亲假，C选项“探亲假被引入”符合题意，故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“Itwasdecidedthateveryyear,amarriedcouplecouldhavefamilyleavefor30daystoseeeachother（每年，一对已婚夫妇可以有30天的探亲假来看望对方）”及下文“iftheylivedtogether,theycouldhave20daystovisittheirparentseveryfouryears.（如果他们住在一起，他们每四年就有20天的时间去看望父母。）”可推断是没有住在一起的夫妇的探亲假的情况，B选项“如果他们住在不同的地方”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】根据上文“iftheylivedtogether,theycouldhave20daystovisittheirparentseveryfouryears.（如果他们住在一起，他们每四年就有20天的时间去看望父母。）”可知E选项“单身人士每年可享受20天假期探望父母”符合探亲假的内容，前面介绍了已婚夫妇的两种情况，此处介绍单身人士的探亲假，故选E。,【19题详解】根据上文“However,nowadays,thankstotherapiddevelopmentoftransportandcommunicationmeans,it’smucheasierforpeopletoeithercontacttheirdearonesfrequentlyorvisitthem,（然而，如今，由于交通和通讯手段的快速发展，人们更容易经常联系他们的亲人或看望他们）”可知说明交通和通讯发达了，人们很容易联系或者是看望了，所以D选项“无论他们多远”符合题意，故选D。【20题详解】根据下文“Whilethisisbackedbythosewhodon’thavefamilyleave,itisstronglyopposedbythosewhodo.（虽然没有休探亲假的人支持这一做法，但这一做法遭到了有探亲假的人的强烈反对。）”可知上下文转折关系，可推断上文应该是关于取消探亲假的，F选项“有人建议取消该系统以跟上时代”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasaSundaymorningonasubwayinNewYork.Peopleweresittingquietly,then____21____amanandhischildrenenteredthesubwaycarquickly.Thechildreninitwereso____22____andactivethatthewhole____23____ofthecarinstantlychanged.Theywerescreamingbackandforthandthrowingthings,evengrabbingpeople’spaper,and____24____,themansittingnexttomedidnothing.Itwasdifficultnottofeel____25____.Icouldn’tbelievethathewas____26____hischildrentorunwildlikethat,andwastakingno____27____atall.Itwaseasytoseethateveryoneelseonthesubwayfeltannoyed.Sofinally,Iturnedtohimandsaid,“Sir,yourchildrenarereally____28____alotofpeople.Couldyoucontrolthemalittlemore?”Themanliftedhisgazeandsaidsoftly,“Oh,you’re____29____;IguessIshoulddosomethingaboutit.Wejustcamefromthehospitalwheretheirmother____30____aboutanhourago.Idon’tknowwhattodoandIguesstheydon’tknowhowto____31____iteither.Canyou____32____whatIfeltatthatmoment?Suddenly,Isawthingsdifferently;myangerwas____33____;myheartwas____34____theman’spain.Now,insteadoffrustration,feelingsof____35____filledmyheart.Indeed,waysofthinkingshiftsmoveusfromonewayofseeingtheworldtoanotherandchoseshiftscreatepowerfulchanges.21.A.suddenlyB.finallyC.carefullyD.Immediately22.A.happyB.loudC.cuteD.curious23.A.climateB.directionC.speedD.temperature,24.A.soB.yetC.forD.as25.A.worriedB.ashamedC.annoyedD.discouraged26.A.expectingB.askingC.allowingD.forbidding27.A.risksB.notesC.differencesD.responsibilities28.A.supportingB.criticizingC.disturbingD.organizing29.A.rightB.wrongC.trustfulD.crazy30.A.remainedB.diedC.workedD.returned31.A.describeB.addressC.defeatD.handle32.A.believeB.recallC.imagineD.predict33A.blockedB.goneC.liberatedD.deepened34.A.filledwithB.opposedtoC.basedonD.freedfrom35.A.forgivenessB.bitternessC.sympathyD.appreciation【答案】21.A22.B23.A24.B25.C26.C27.D28.C29.A30.B31.D32.C33.B34.A35.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个男人带着他的孩子上地铁，孩子们的喧闹打破了车厢的安静。作者提醒男人管一下孩子，但听说孩子们的母亲刚刚去世，作者的态度发生了改变。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，一个男人和他的孩子们走进了地铁车厢。A.suddenly突然；B.finally最后；C.carefully小心地；D.immediately立即。根据“amanandhischildrenenteredthesubwaycar.”和下文可知，一个男人和他的孩子突然进入地铁，打破了车厢的平静。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子们又吵又闹，车里的气氛顿时改变了。A.happy高兴的；B.loud吵闹的；C.cute可爱的；D.curious好奇的。根据“Theywerescreamingbackandforthandthrowingthings”可知，孩子们又吵又闹。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.climate氛围，气候；B.direction方向；C.speed速度；D.temperature温度。根据前文“hischildrenenteredthesubwaycarquickly.”可知，因为孩子们也上了地铁，所以车里的氛围都变了。故选A。【24题详解】,考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们尖叫着来回扔东西，甚至抓起别人的报纸，然而，坐在我旁边的人什么也没做。A.so因此；B.yet然而；C.for因为；D.as当……时候。根据前一句“Theywerescreamingbackandforthandthrowingthings,evengrabbingpeople’spaper”和空后“themansittingnexttomedidnothing”可知，孩子们的活动和作者旁边人的行为形成对比，需用副词yet。故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不感到生气是很难的。A.worried担忧的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.annoyed生气的；D.discouraged气馁的。根据后文“Itwaseasytoseethateveryoneelseonthesubwayfeltannoyed.”可知，孩子们如此吵闹，大人却不管，车厢里的乘客很难会觉得不生气。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不敢相信他允许他的孩子们那样乱跑，而自己却一点责任也没有。A.expecting期待；B.asking问；C.allowing允许；D.forbidding禁止。根据前文“Theywerescreamingbackandforthandthrowingthings,evengrabbingpeople’spaper”可知，此处指有些乘客让孩子们到处乱跑，作者没法相信他允许孩子那样乱跑。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.risks冒险；B.notes纸条；C.differences差异；D.responsibilities责任。根据前文“Icouldn’tbelievethathewas　6　hischildrentorunwildlikethat”可知，因为让孩子到处乱跑，所以此处指男人没有承担责任。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：先生，您的孩子们真的打扰了很多人。A.supporting支持；B.criticizing批评；C.disturbing打扰；D.organizing组织。根据“Itwaseasytoseethateveryoneelseonthesubwayfeltannoyed.”可知，作者提醒男人他的孩子如此吵闹，打扰到很多人。故选C。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：哦，你说得对。A.right正确的；B.wrong错误的；C.trustful信任的；D.crazy疯狂的。根据“IguessIshoulddosomethingaboutit.”可知，男人认为作者说对了。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们刚从他们母亲一小时前去世的医院回来。A.remained依然是；B.died死；C.worked工作；D.returned返回。根据下文“myheartwas　14　theman’spain.”可猜测孩子的母亲一个小时之前死了。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道该怎么办，我想他们也不知道该怎么处理。A.describe描述；B.address演讲；C.defeat战胜；D.handle处理。根据前文“Idon’tknowwhattodo”可知，作者不知道怎么办，所以猜想他们也不知道怎么办。故选D。,【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你能想象我当时的感受吗？A.believe相信；B.recall回忆；C.imagine想象；D.predict预测。作者听了那个男人的话后很震惊，很难想象那刻作者的感受。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然间，我对事情的看法变了；我的愤怒消失了；我的心充满了男人的痛苦。A.blocked阻塞；B.gone消失，不见；C.liberated释放；D.deepened加深。根据前文“Suddenly,Isawthingsdifferently”可知，作者的怒气一下了就没了。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.filledwith充满；B.opposedto反对；C.basedon以……为基础；D.freedfrom使摆脱。根据后文“feelingsof　15　filledmyheart.”可知，作者的心充满了那个男人的痛苦。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，我的心中充满了同情，而不是沮丧。A.forgiveness原谅；B.bitterness悲痛；C.sympathy同情；D.appreciation感激。根据“Now,insteadoffrustration,”可知，现在作者的内心是充满了对那个男人的同情。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分阅读下面短文，在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。MarieKondois____36____internationally-knownexpertoncleaning.Herfirstbook,____37____(call)the“TheLife-ChangingMagicof TidyingUp,”waspublishedinJapanesein2011.____38____hassoldmorethan10millioncopiesinmorethan40countries.Yetfanswantmorehelpand____39____(inform).SoKondoislaunchingatelevisionshow,ateamofworkerswhowillvisitclients’homes,andasetofspecialpaperboxes____40____(keep)thingsorganized.Asetofthreecosts$89.Kondosaystheboxeswerenotpartofher ____41____(origin) idea.Inherbookabouttidyingup,shegavetwomainpiecesofadvice.First,keeponlythingsthatgiveyoujoy.Second,storethosethingsinplacestheycanbe____42____(easy)reachedandputaway.Kondodidnottellreaderstogetspecialcontainers____43____theirthings.Instead,shesuggestedpeopleusecontainerstheyalreadyhad,suchasshoeboxes.ButfansstillaskKondowhatkindsofcontainerstheyneedtoachieveherspecialwayoforganizing.SoKondorecentlyappearedinNewYorkCitytolaunchhernewboxes.Theyareabouttheshapeandsizeofshoeboxes.They____44____(color)lightpink,gray,brownandpurple.Theinsidesarepaintedwithdesignssuch,asatreebranchdottedwithsmallwhiteflowers.Kondo____45____(say)theideabehindtheboxesisnottohidethings.Instead,itistomakethethingsinsidefeelhappy.【答案】36.an37.called38.It39.information40.tokeep41.original42.easily43.for44.arecolored45.says【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了国际知名的清洁专家近藤麻理惠的清洁收纳理念。介绍了她的第一本书畅销书《改变人生的整理魔法》，分享了她的收纳理念，在真人秀节目中，鞋盒收纳意外走红。借此她在纽约推出了新盒子。【36题详解】考查冠词。句意：近藤麻理惠是一位国际知名的清洁专家。internationally-known是元音音素开头，因此用定冠词an。故填an。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的第一本书叫做《改变人生的整理魔法》于2011年用日文出版。calledthe“TheLife-ChangingMagicofTidyingUp”是插入语，动词与主语Herfirstbook是被动关系，应用过去分词called。故填called。【38题详解】考查代词。句意：这本书在40多个国家售出了1000多万册。句子缺少主语，真正的主语是TheLife-ChangingMagicofTidyingUp，这是一本书，因此用it。故填It。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：粉丝们想要更多的帮助和信息。help在句中做名词，由and连接，因此空处需要填名词。故填information。【40题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：因此，近藤正在推出一个电视节目，一个工作团队将拜访客户的家，通过一套特殊的纸盒使东西变得有条理。根据句意可知，此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填tokeep。【41题详解】,考查形容词。句意：近藤说这些盒子不是她最初想法的一部分。根据句意可知，空处应填形容词来修饰名词idea，故填original。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：第二，把这些东西放在容易拿得到的地方。根据句意可知，空处应填副词来修饰动词reached，故填easily。43题详解】考查介词。句意：近藤并没有告诉读者要用特殊的容器来装东西。根据句意可知，空处填介词for“供......之用”。故填for。【44题详解】考查被动语态。句意：他们被染成浅粉红色，灰色，棕色或紫色。主语they是指shoeboxes，color在此为动词，意为“染色”，且与主语是被动关系，句子描述客观事实，因此采用一般现在时。故填arecolored。【45题详解】考查一般现在时。句意：近藤说，盒子背后的想法不是隐藏东西。主语是Kondo，句子描述的是客观事实，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填says。第四部分写作（共两小节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，你市图书馆将播放关于中国茶文化的纪录片。你的外教Mr．Smith是中国茶文化的爱好者，请给他写一封邮件，邀请他一起观看。内容包括：1．播放时间、地点；2．纪录片的主要内容。注意：1．词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：纪录片documentaryDearMr．Smith，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourssincerely，LiHua【答案】I'mwritingtoinviteyoutowatchadocumentaryaboutChineseteaculture,whichwillbeshowninthe,CityLibraryfrom9a.m.to11a.m.thisSunday.It'ssaidthatthisdocumentaryisinChinese,withEnglishsubtitles.Moreover,thehistoryofteaasadrinkinChinawillbetalkedaboutinthedocumentary,aswellastheimportantroleteaplaysinforeigntradeasacommercialproduct.I'msurethisdocumentarywillcontributealottoyourunderstandingofChineseteaculture.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。本篇要求考生给外教Mr.Smith写信，邀请他来你市图书馆观看中国茶文化的纪录片。【详解】体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主结构：分总要求：1.播放时间、地点；2．纪录片的主要内容。第二步：列提纲（重点词组）invitesb.todosth./beinterestedin/talkabout/theme/befocusedon/contributeto/lookforwardto/playarolein/haveabetterunderstandingof第三步：连词成句1.I'mwritingtoinviteyoutowatchadocumentaryaboutChineseteaculture,whichwillbeshownintheCityLibraryfrom9a.m.to11a.m.thisSunday.2.It'ssaidthatthisdocumentaryisinChinese,withEnglishsubtitles.3.Moreover,thehistoryofteaasadrinkinChinawillbetalkedaboutinthedocumentary,aswellastheimportantroleteaplaysinforeigntradeasacommercialproduct.4.I'msurethisdocumentarywillmakeyouhaveabetterunderstandingofChineseteaculture.5.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句）表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so…状语从句连词：because/if/though/although…定语从句连词：which/that/when/where…第五步：修改润色（加入高级词汇或短语）【点睛】,范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，例如：I'mwritingtoinviteyoutowatchadocumentaryaboutChineseteaculture,whichwillbeshownintheCityLibraryfrom9a.m.to11a.m.thisSunday.中which引导非限制性定语从句。第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Anotherdisappointingdaywaspassing,andhewasdrivinghisbeat-upoldcarhome.Hewasoutalldaylookingforajob.Itwasgettingdarkandlightsnowwascomingdown,sohealmostdidn’tseetheoldladystandingonthesideoftheroad.Itwasclearthatsheneededhelp.Hepulledupinfrontofherobviouslybrandnewandexpensivecarandgotout.Whilenobodyhadstoppedtohelpforthelasthourandtherewasasmileonhisface,shewasworriedwhenheapproachedher.Hedidn’tlooksafe.Helookedpoorandhungry.Hecouldseeshewasfrightened,standingoutthereinthecold.Hesaid,“I’mheretohelpyou,ma’am.Whydon’tyouwaitinyourcartokeepwarm?MynameisBryan.”Atirewasflat.Bryanfetchedtoolsfromhisowncartochangethetire.Buthehadtogetdirtyandhishandshurt.Ashewastighteninghercar’snuts,sherolleddownthewindow,saidthanksandaskedhimhowmuchsheowedhim.Anyamountwouldhavebeenallrightwithher.Shehadalreadyimaginedalltheawfulthingsthatcouldhavehappenedwithouthishelp.Bryanneverthoughttwiceaboutthemoney.Hetoldherthatifshereallywantedtopayhimback,thenexttimeshesawsomeonewhoneededhelp,shecouldgivethatpersontheassistancetheyneeded.Hewaiteduntilshestartedhercaranddroveoff.Ithadbeenacoldanddepressingday,buthefeltgoodasheheadedforhome.Soontheladysawasmallrestaurant.Shewentintogrababitetoeatandwarmupbeforeshemadethelastlegofhertriphome.Thewaitresscameoverwithasweetsmileandbroughtacleantoweltowipeherwethair.Theladynoticedthewaitresswasnearlyeightmonthspregnant(怀孕的).Althoughthewaitresslookedtiredandwalkedpainfullyduetothepregnancy,shestillservedthelady.Paragraph1:Aftertheladyfinishedhermeal,shepaidwithaone-hundred-dollarbill.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,Paragraph2:Thatnightwhenthewaitressgothomefromwork,shewasthinkingaboutthemoneyandwhattheladyhadwritten._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Paragraph1:Aftertheladyfinishedhermeal,shepaidwithaone-hundred-dollarbill.Thewaitressquicklywenttogetchangeforherhundred-dollarbill,buttheoldladyhaddrivenoff.ShewasgonebythetimethewaitresscamebackThewaitresswonderedwheretheladydidso.Thenshenoticedsomethingwrittenonanapkin.Thereweretearsinhereyeswhenshereadwhattheladywrote“Youdon'towemeanything.Ihavebeentheretoo.Somebody,oncehelpedmeoutthewayI’mhelpingyou.Ifyoureallywanttopaymeback,hereiswhatyoudodonotletthischainofloveendwithyou.”Underthenapkinwerefourmorehundred-dollarbills.Paragraph2:Thatnightwhenthewaitressgothomefromwork,shewasthinkingaboutthemoneyandwhattheladyhadwritten.Shewaswonderinghowtheladyknewsheandherhusbandwereinneed.Withthebabytobebomnextmonth,lifewasgoingtobehard.Sheknewhowworriedherhusbandwas,andnoweverythingisgoingtobeallright.Knowingwhathadhappened,herhusband,Bryan,shedtearsofjoyandgratitude.【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，要求续写该故事。【详解】根据文章内容可知，布莱恩帮助了一位女士，但他不求回报，希望女士将爱传递下去，女士走后去餐馆吃饭，根据第一段的提示内容“那位女士用完餐后，她付了一百美元。”可以推测出本段是讲述女士用她的方式把爱传递给了孕妇服务员；根据第二段的提示内容“那天晚上，当女服务员下班回家时，她在想那笔钱和那位女士写的东西。”可知，本段应是讲述服务员回家后告诉家人所发生的的事，可以设想一下戏剧性的结局，比如女服务员的丈夫就是布莱恩。【点睛】本文续写完全符合要求，思路清晰，情节合理。文章使用了几个高分句型。1.Thewaitresswonderedwheretheladydidso.本句是where引导的宾语从句。2.Ifyoureallywanttopaymeback,hereiswhatyoudodonotletthischainofloveendwithyou.”本句含if引导的条件状语从句和what引导的表语从句。3.Shewaswonderinghowtheladyknewsheandherhusbandwereinneed.本句是how引导的宾语从句。