【高考专题辅导】广东省2022版高考英语 专题检测卷（十六） 阅读理解

专题检测卷(十六)阅读理解(建议用时:25分钟)A体裁议论文话题性格和行为的成因词数369(2022·潍坊模拟)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.It’snoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Theargumentisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoasnaturevs.nurture.Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredetermined(注定)tosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts(本能).Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuli(somethingthathelpssb./sth.todevelopbetterandmorequickly)asthebasisoftheirbehavior.Thesocialandpoliticalconnectionsofthesetwotheoriesaresignificant.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyworsethanwhites.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thattheargumentwillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem　　　.A.whyourpersonalitiesandbehaviorsdifferB.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligenceC.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheoriesD.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”argument2.Theunderlinedword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby　　　.-5-\nA.approaches　　　　　　　B.advocatesC.principlesD.characters3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaybesupportedbythe“nature”school?A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors.B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities.C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsareshowedbybehaviors.D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstincts.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.D.Theyagreethatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.5.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores　　　.A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantagesB.areadisplayoftheblacks’poorintelligenceC.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligenceD.havenothingtodowithfactorsotherthanheredityB体裁议论文话题教育孩子词数291　　Whenachildistoldheis“uncool”,itcanbeverypainful.Hemaysayhedoesn’tcare,andevenactinwaysthatareoppositeofcoolonpurpose.Butthesearesimplywaystohandlesadnessbypretendingit’snotthere.Helpingachildfeelbetterinschoolhadtobecareful.Ifyousay,“Whyareyouworriedaboutwhatotherchildrenthinkaboutyou?Itdoesn’tmatter!”Childrenknowthatitdoesmatter.Instead,anactivewaymaybebest.Youcouldsay,“I’mgoingtodoacoupleofthingsforyoutohelpyoufeelbetterinschool.”Ifaboyishavingtroublemakingfriends,theteachercanhelphim.Theteachercanarrangethingssothathehaschancestousehisabilitiestocontributetoclassprojects.Thisishowtheotherchildrenlearnhowtovaluehisgoodqualitiesandtolikehim.Ateachercanalsoraiseachild’spopularityinthegroupbyshowingthathevaluesthatchild.Itevenhelpstoputhiminaseatnexttoaverypopularchild,orlethimbeapartnerwiththatchildinactivities,etc.Therearethingsthatparentscandoathome,too.Befriendlywhenyourchildbringsothershometoplay.Encouragehimtoinvitefriendstomealsandthenservethedishestheyconsider.Whenyouplantrips,picnics,movies,andothershows,inviteanotherchildwithwhomyourchildwantstobefriends.Whatyoucandoisgivehimachancetojoinagroupthatmaybeshuttinghimout.Then,ifhehasgoodqualities,hecanstarttobuildarealfriendshipofhisown.6.Achildwhohasbeeninformedofbeing“uncool”may　　　.A.carenothingaboutitB.dosomethinguncoolonpurposeC.developasenseofangerD.pretendtogethurtverymuch-5-\n7.Ateachercanhelpanunpopularchildby　　　.A.seeingthechildastheteacher’sfavoriteB.askingthechildtodosomethingforpartnersC.forcingotherchildrentomakefriendswiththechildD.offeringthechildchancestoshowhisgoodqualities8.Howcanparentshelptheirchildfitinbetter?A.Bycookingdeliciousfoodforhim.B.Bybeingkindtohisschoolmates.C.Byforcinghimtoinvitefriendshome.D.Bytakinghimtohavepicnicsinthepark.9.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Childrendon’tcareothers’commentsonthem.B.It’sonlyteachers’worktomakechildrenpopular.C.Parentsshouldtaketheirchildrenoutforpicnicsandshowsmoreoften.D.Invitingchildren’sfriendstofamilyactivitiesisgoodforthemtomakefriends.10.Thetextismainlyabout　　　.A.howanunpopularchildcanbehelpedB.whysomechildrenareunpopularC.whatgoodqualitiesunpopularchildrenhaveD.whocareaboutunpopularchildrenC体裁应用文话题职场“分手”礼仪词数360(2022·东莞模拟)HowManyWaysCanYouSayGoodbyetoaJob?Astalkofathawinhiringfreezesrisesaboveawhisper,manypeoplearealreadyplanningtolookforanewpositionwhenthejobmarketpicksup.Butthewayyouquitcanhavealongtermimpactonyourcareer.Howtoresignongoodterms:Beprepared.Reviewyouremployeehandbookoremploymentcontractbeforeannouncingyourdecision,soyouknowwhatcompanypolicyisregardingresignations,severance,thereturnofcompanypropertyandpayforunusedvacationtime.Ifyouhaveanotherjoblinedup,besuretohaveyourofferinwritingbeforeyouresign.Useitorloseit.Ifyouhaven’tusedvacationtimeandwillloseitifyouquit,youmightwanttouseyourtimebeforeleavingorlinkittoyourresignationdate.Butifyoudon’twanttoburnanybridges,don’ttakevacationandannounceyourdeparturejustafteryoureturn.Makeanappointment.Beformalandmakeanappointmentwithyourboss.Preparewhatyouwanttosay.Bedirectandbetransparent.Afterthediscussion,putyourresignationinahardcopyletterthatincludesyourlastdayandanytransitionalhelpyou’veoffered.Keepacopy.Twoweeksadvancenoticeisstillstandardbutexpertsrecommendofferingmoretimeifyou’veworkedatthecompanyformorethanfiveyears.Youalsoneedtobepreparedtoleaverightawaysomecompaniesrequireit.Scrubyourdigitalfootprint.-5-\nClearyourbrowsercache,removepasswordstoWebsitesyouusefromwork,suchasyourpersonalemailoronlinebankaccountanddeleteanypersonalfilesonyourworkcomputerthataren’trelevanttowork.Don’tdeleteanythingworkrelatedifyou’rerequiredtokeepit.Stayclose.Considerjoininganemployeealumniassociation,whichoftenservesasanetworkinggroupforformeremployees.Itcanbeagoodwaytokeepupwithchangesinthecompanyandindustryandfindleadstonewjobsdowntheroad.Keepintouchwithcoworkersyouworkedcloselywith;theymayendupinmanagementroles.11.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howtohuntforajob.B.Sometipsonhowtoresignongoodterms.C.Somewaysofmakinganappointmentwithyourboss.D.Howtokeepintouchwithyourcolleagues.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthepassagemean?A.Youdon’twanttocontinuetoworkhere.B.Youdon’twanttobefined.C.Youwanttotakeavacation.D.Youwanttoleaveroomfornecessity.13.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Youcanresignwithouthesitationifyoudon’tlikeyourjob.B.Youshouldignoreyourbosswhenpresentingyourresignation.C.You’dbetterkeepintouchwithyourcoworkersafterresignation.D.Youmustdeleteanythinginthecomputeryouonceusedwhenyouresign.14.Youshouldnoticethecompany　　　inadvanceifyouhaveworkedinthecompanyformorethanfiveyears.A.morethantwoweeksB.lessthantwoweeksC.onlytwoweeksD.onlyonemoment15.Howmanywaysofresigningarementionedinthepassage?A.Three.　　B.Four.　　C.Five.　　D.Six.【拓展训练】阅读C篇,写出文中出现的以下短语。1.对……有长期的影响　_________________2.和……约定_________________3.网上银行账户_________________4.跟上;赶上_________________5.与……保持联系_________________答案解析A【文章大意】本文主要讲了性格和行为的成因。1.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。首段首句指出作者要讨论的问题,第二段开始从两个方面解释该问题,末段是总结段,由此看来,首段首句和末段首句提到的人类行为是本文的中心内容,因此答案为A。-5-\n2.【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据文章内容,我们可以判断proponent应指人,指这两种理论的支持者,只有advocates“拥护者”符合这种推测,故选B。3.【解析】选A。细节理解题。第三段首句的largelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors和末句的governedbyourinstincts都表明“天性论”派会认同A项的看法,故选A。4.【解析】选C。细节理解题。本题实际上考查对第四段末句的正确理解。原文该句中的likemachines,humansrespond...表明作者并非单纯把人类比作机器,而是把人类对环境的反应与机械对环境的反应做对比,由此可见,C为正确的理解。5.【解析】选D。细节理解题。将D选项与第三段结合起来,可以确定D为本题答案,只有D项才符合“天性论”派对性格与行为形成的看法。B【文章大意】本文主要介绍了父母和老师怎样帮助一个不酷的孩子交到朋友。6.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,当一个孩子被告知他不酷的时候,他可能会说他不在乎甚至会故意做出不酷的行为来。7.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句Theteachercanarrangethingssothathehaschancestousehisabilitiestocontributetoclassprojects.老师可以安排一些事情,这样他有机会运用他的能力为班级做贡献。8.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段第二句Befriendlywhenyourchildbringsothershometoplay.当孩子带其他同学回家玩的时候,父母一定要友好。9.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知家长邀请孩子的好友来聚会有助于孩子交友。10.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了父母和老师怎样帮助一个不酷的孩子交到朋友。C【文章大意】本文主要讲了5种职场“分手”礼仪。11.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段最后一句Howtoresignongoodterms:是文章的中心句,故B项为最佳答案。12.【解析】选D。句意猜测题。画线句子意思是:如果你想给自己留条后路,故选D。13.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知你最好在辞职后和以前的同事保持联系,故C项表述是正确的。根据Beprepared.部分内容可知A项不正确;根据Makeanappointment.部分的内容可知B项表述错误;根据Scrubyourdigitalfootprint.部分内容可知D项表述也不正确。14.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Makeanappointment.部分内容Twoweeksadvancenoticeisstillstandardbutexpertsrecommendofferingmoretimeifyou’veworkedatthecompanyformorethanfiveyears.可知本题选A。15.【解析】选C。细节理解题。纵观全文文章提到了5种职场“分手”礼仪,即:Beprepared,Useitorloseit,Makeanappointment,Scrubyourdigitalfootprint,Stayclose。【拓展训练】1.havealongtermimpacton2.makeanappointmentwith3.onlinebankaccount4.keepupwith5.keepintouchwith-5-