2023年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解考点专项练习含解析202303241170

阅读理解高考押题专练一、Afterbeingbornattheendof1932，MrCameronSeniorsufferedalotwithbothlegsshortenedbelowthekneeandhisfeettwisted.Hewentundernumerousoperationstoeasehispain，andeventuallybothlimbs(下肢)hadtobecutoff.Butdespitehisdisabilityandlaterlosingthesightinoneeye，MrCameronSeniorstillgainedasuccessfulcareerasastockbroker(股票经纪人)．AftermovingtoEnglandfromScotlandasachild，hemarriedMaryandthecoupleraisedfourchildrenatthefamilyhomeinPeasemore，Berks.InaninterviewwithTheDailyTelegraphtwoyearsago，theToryleaderdescribedtheexperienceofgrowingupwithafatherwithadisability.HetoldhowoncetheywereonholidayinCornwall，heoverheardsomeonerudelysaying：“Thatguy’swearingfunnyboots.”MrCameron(英国前任首相卡梅伦)saidhethoughttohimself，“That’sodd，nooneeversaysthat.”InanITVinterviewbeforethegeneralelection，MrCameronsaidofhisfather，“He’sanamazinglybravemanbecausehewasbornwithnoheels—quiteadisability.Buttheglasswithhimwashalf-full，normallywithsomethingalcoholic，IthinkIgotmysenseofoptimismfromhim.”MrCameronalsoappearedwithhisparentsataneventandsaidthattheyunderstoodhisideafor“ABigSociety”．“TheyshowedmehowabigsocietycouldworkeverydayIwasgrowingup，”hesaid，“Iknowwhataremyresponsibilities.”MrCameronSenior’sdisabilityisnotthoughttohaveplayedanypartinhisdeathaged77.Friendssaidhewas“soproud”toseehissonbecomePrimeMinisterinMay，andhadvisited10DowningStreetandChequers.However，thefamily’svariousholidayplansmeantthathedidnotgettomeethislatestgranddaughterFlorence，whowasdeliveredtothePM’swifeSamanthalastmonth.语篇解读　本文主要介绍了英国前任首相卡梅伦的父亲，一位身有残疾却凭着坚韧毅力取得非凡成就的股票经纪人。1．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．ThelifeandcharacterofMrCameronSenior.\nB．Ahugeherofigureintheeyesofson.C．ThenewlyelectedPrimeMinister.D．Adisabledfatherandhiscareer.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。文章前面讲述的是老卡梅伦的出生、职业、婚姻等内容，均是为文章下文作铺垫的，目的在于说明儿子眼中的父亲是一个什么样的人。故选B。2．Inthetext，theunderlinedpart“theToryleader”inParagraph3refersto“”．A．MrCameronSeniorB．TheDailyTelegraphC．aleaderinthegovernmentD．FormerPrimeMinisterDavidCameron【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，本文介绍的是英国前首相卡梅伦的父亲，因此此处的“保守党领袖”指的应是戴维·卡梅伦。故选D。3．WhenMrCameronheardtherudewords，.A．heexplodedwithangerallofasuddenB．hethoughtthemanwastoofoolishC．hewasshockedandunabletounderstandD．heexpecteditalongtimeago【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“That’sodd，nooneeversaysthat.”可知，当MrCameron听到这句粗鲁的话时，感到很奇怪，因为以前从来没有人这么说过。故选C。4．AccordingtoMrCameron，“ABigSociety”means“”．A．peopletakeuptheirdutiesinthesocietyB．therearenumbersoffamiliesinthesocietyC．muchfreedomwillbeofferedtothepeopleD．manyeventswilltakeplaceinthefuture【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中MrCameron的话“‘TheyshowedmehowabigsocietycouldworkeverydayIwasgrowingup，’hesaid，‘Iknowwhataremyresponsibilities.’”可知，\n在成长过程中他深深地理解了abigsociety的含义，认为在这个社会中，每个人都应该承担自己的责任。故选A。5．Fromthelastparagraphwecanknowthat.A．FlorencewasadoptedbythePM’swifeB．thedisabilitycausedMrCameronSeniordeathC．MrCameronSeniorlivedin10DowningStreetD．MrCameronSeniortookaprideinhavingsuchason【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Friendssaidhewas‘soproud’toseehissonbecomePrimeMinisterinMay”可知，卡梅伦的父亲因儿子成为首相而感到自豪。故选D。二、EnriqueIglesiasisamostsuccessfulsinger!Bornin1975inMadrid，Spain，EnriqueisthechildofthefamoussingerJulioIglesias.Enrique’smotherisajournalist.Hisparentsdivorcedin1978.AlthoughEnriquelivedwithhismother，shesenthimtolivewithhisfatherbecauseofconcernsaboutherson’ssafety.Enriquewantedtobeasingersecretly，hedidn’twishhisfathertoknowthatanddidn’twanttoliveunderhisshelter.Hesoughthisdreamonhisown.Enriquereleased(发行)hisfirstalbum“EnriqueIglesias”in1995.Thisalbumhadacollectionofrockballads(民谣)andfivesinglesfromitwentstraighttothetopspotsinLatinmusic.Thisalbumwasfollowedbyanother“Vivir”in1997.ThreesinglesfromthisalbumoccupiedthetopspotsontheLatinchartsyetagain!Enriquealsofoundhimselfnominated(提名)forthe“FavoriteLatinArtist”attheAmericanMusicAwards.By1998，hehadreleasedhis3rdalbum，“CosasDelAmor”．ThisyearEnriquewonthe“FavoriteLatinArtist”．“Bailamos”gothimgreatfame.Oneofthesongsinthisalbumwasalsousedinamovie.Withthesuccessof“Bailamos”，Enriquenowalreadyhadmanyloyalfans.Thealbum，“Enrique”，wasreleasedin1999.Theyear2001broughtmoresuccessforhim.Hisalbum，“Escape”hadafewsinglesthatreachedthetopspots.Enriquebecameahouseholdname.Thisalbumishisbiggestsuccessfulalbumsofar.“Hero”and“Don’tTurnOfftheLights”soonturnedEnriqueintoasuperstar.Hisnextreleasein2002wasaSpanishalbum“Quizas”．ThisalbumbroughtEnriquea“LatinGrammyAward”fortheBestPopVocalAlbum.In2007，hereleasedanotheralbum“Insomniac”andthe\nsong“DoYouKnow”becameaninstantlypopularsong.语篇解读　本文讲述了西班牙歌手安立奎·伊格莱希亚斯的个人经历。6．Afterhisparentsdivorced，Enriquewassenttohisfather’sbecause.A．hecouldbeprotectedfromsomedangersB．hecouldlearnsingingfromhistalentedfatherC．hismotherwouldbeabletofocusonhercareerD．hisfathercouldteachhimhowtobehavecorrectly【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Enrique’smotherisajournalist.”及第五句“AlthoughEnriquelivedwithhismother，shesenthimtolivewithhisfatherbecauseofconcernsaboutherson’ssafety.”可知他的母亲是个记者，他被送到父亲那里，是因为母亲担心儿子的安全问题。故选A项。7．Enriquedidn’ttellhisfatherabouthisdreamingofbecomingasingerbecausehe.A．wantedtotryanewsingingstyleB．hatedhisfatherforhiscarelessnessC．didn’twanttobenefitfromhisfather’sfameD．plannedtogivehisfatherasurprisewhenhesucceeded【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Enriquewantedtobeasingersecretly，hedidn’twishhisfathertoknowthatanddidn’twanttoliveunderhisshelter.”可知选C项。8．Whichofthefollowingalbumshasasongadoptedinamovie?A．“Vivir”．B．“Bailamos”．C．“EnriqueIglesias”．D．“CosasDelAmor”．【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ThisyearEnriquewonthe“FavoriteLatinArtist”．“Bailamos”gothimgreatfame.Oneofthesongsinthisalbumwasalsousedinamovie.”可知“Bailamos这张专辑让他成名，这张专辑中的一首歌被用在电影中，故选B项。9．Thethirdparagraphisdevelopedmainlyby.\nA．followingtheorderofhisalbums’influenceB．analyzingthestyleofhisalbumsC．makingcomparisonsofhisalbumsD．followingtheorderoftime【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段提到的时间状语，可知是按时间排列，故选D项。10．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．EnriqueIglesias’LuckyLifeB．BiographyofEnriqueIglesiasC．EnriqueIglesias’SecrettoSuccessD．EnriqueIglesias’WonderfulSingingSkills【答案】B【解析】标题归纳题。本文讲述了西班牙歌手安立奎·伊格莱希亚斯的个人经历，故选B项。三、It’shardtofindAliceMunrointhemedia.Evenaftershewonthe2013NobelPrizeinLiterature，theCanadianwriterjustappearedforaquickinterviewandthendroppedoutofsight.OnDec29th，shestilldidn’tseekthespotlightwhenshewasnamedoneofthefiveWomenoftheYearbytheFinancialTimes.InMunro’seyes，ordinarylivesalwayshidelargerdramas.Sosherecordswhatwecasuallythinkofastheeverydayactionsofnormalpeople.Sheoftenfocusesonlifeinherhometown，asmallvillageinOntariowhichsheismostfamiliarwith.Shewritesabouttheordinarythingsinthevillage—treesintheOntariowilderness，poorcountryschoolsandlonglastillnesses.Aboveall，shetalksaboutgirlsandwomenwhohaveseeminglyordinarylivesbutstruggleagainstdailymisfortune.Shehasaspecialtalentforuncoveringtheextraordinaryintheordinary.Theseareordinarypeople，ordinarystories，butshehasthemagic.Herpreciselanguage，depthofdetailandthelogicofherstorytellinghavemadeherstoriesinviting.Runaway，oneofMunro’srepresentativeworks，isagoodexampleofherwritingstyle.OneofthestoriescentersonthelifeofanordinarywomanCarla，wholivesinasmallCanadiantownwithherhusbandClark.ThestoryslowlyformsapictureofCarla，trappedinabadmarriage，her\nunhappinessbuildingintodesperationuntilshedecidestoflee.ThestoryofCarlaisastoryofthepowerandbetrayalsoflove.Itisaboutlostchildrenandlostchancesthatwecanallfindinlife.Thereispainbeneaththesurface，likeaneedleintheheart.Sinceshepublishedherfirstcollectionofshortstoriesin1968，Munrohaswonmanyawards，withtheNobelPrizebeingherbiggesthonor.OnOct10th,2013，theNobelPrizecommitteenamedMunrothe“masterofthecontemporaryshortstory”．语篇解读　本文介绍了AliceMunro及其创作风格。11．WelearnfromParagraph1thatAliceMunro.A．didn’tgetonwellwiththemediaB．wassurprisedatwinningtheNobelPrizeC．didn’tvaluethetitleofWomenoftheYearD．remainedmodestthoughverysuccessful【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。由第一段第一句及后面举的两个例子可知选D。12．ManyofAliceMunro’sworks.A．centeronthehappylifeofcountrywomenB．areaboutbetrayalsofloveandviolenceC．focusoneverydaylifeofordinarypeopleD．areromanticstoriessetinherhometown【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Sosherecordswhatwecasuallythinkofastheeverydayactionsofnormalpeople...longlastillnesses.”可知答案为C。13．WhatmakesAliceMunro’sstoriesfascinatingaccordingtothetext?A．Thecomplicatedplots.B．Herrichimagination.C．Thehumorouslanguage.D．Herwritingtechniques.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“Herpreciselanguage，depthofdetailandthelogicofherstorytellinghavemadeherstoriesinviting.”可知，Alice\nMunro的作品之所以吸引人是因为她高超的写作技巧。14．InherrepresentativeworkRunaway，Carla.A．triestorunawayfromherhusbandB．isafaithfulwifetoherhusbandC．leadsahappylifewithClarkD．losesallhopesforabetterlife【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中的“...shedecidestoflee”可知答案。15．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．AliceMunroandherhometown.B．AliceMunroandherwritingstyle.C．AliceMunro’srepresentativeworks.D．TheawardsAliceMunrowon.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了AliceMunro及她的写作风格。四、Since2011，theformerrailwayengineerhasbeendrivingaroundthecityeverysingleday，lookingforabandonedtar(柏油)andgravel(碎石)onroadsides.Hecollectsthematerialandusesittofillpotholes(坑洼)，attimesspendinghisownpensionmoneytodoit.Tilak，earninghimselfthenickname“roadengineer”，doesn’trestricthimselftohisneighborhood—hepatchesupeverypotholehecanfindinthecity.“AfterworkingfortheSouthCentralRailwayinIndiafor35years，IretiredinOctober2008andspentsometimeoffin2009，alsotravelingtotheUStomeetmyson，”Tilaktoldthelocalmedia.“InJanuary2010，Icamebackandtookupajobasaconsultantinasoftwareagency.”“IwasdrivingtomyfirstdayofofficewhenIendedupsplashingdirtymudwateronschoolchildrenaftermycarfellintoapotholeontheroad，”herecalled.“Thenafewmoreaccidentsfollowedatvariousplaces.”Hekeptexplainingtothepolicethattheseaccidentswouldn’thaveoccurrediftheroadshadbeensmooth.Butthenhewitnessedamajoraccidentthatchangedeverything.\nTilakdecidedtotakechargeofmattershimself.“Afterthat，IquitmyjobandforthenextyeartillJune2012，Ispentmypensionmoneyinfixingroads，”hesaid.Tilak’swifewasworriedabouthishealthandcalledhissontotalksomesenseintohim.ButthesonwassoimpressedthatheendeduphelpingTilakinstead，bysettingupawebsiteandFacebookpage.Asmoreandmoreresidentsgottoknowofit，theybegantoshowupandhelpTilakfixthecity’spotholes.Today，theyevenhaveahelplinewherepeoplecancalltocomplainaboutpotholesintheirareas.Tilak’ssonalsomanagedtogetthegovernmentontheirside.Tilakdoesn’tacceptdonations，butheencouragespeopletojoininthephysicalwork.Hehopesthatwithmediaattention，hecaninspireachangeintheattitudeofthegeneralpublic.Hebelievesthatthe“nothing-can-be-done”attitudeiswhatlimitsalotofpeopleinthecity，andhewantsthattochange.语篇解读　文章主要讲述了Tilak在印度中南部铁路工作了35年，退休回到家后继续用自己的钱修复破坏的公路的事。16．WhatwasTilak’smission?A．Togetpaidlittleforhiswork.B．Tobuytarandgraveltofixroads.C．Torecyclematerialstomendroads.D．Togetfinancialhelpfromthegovernment.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Hecollectsthematerialandusesittofillpotholes(坑洼)，attimesspendinghisownpensionmoneytodoit.”可知，Tilak用他收集到的各种材料来填补坑洼的路面，有时还会花自己的钱去做这些，结合选项，故选C。17．WhatmadeTilaktakeupthejobtofixroads?A．Loveforchildren.B．Astrongsenseofsocialresponsibility.C．Apassiontomakecontributionstosociety.D．Eagernesstoreturntowork.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段及第四段中的“Tilakdecidedtotakechargeofmatters\nhimself.”可知，Tilak在目睹了很多车祸之后，觉得如果这些道路不是低洼不平，就不会有那么多事故了，因此，他决定做修路的事，结合选项，他是出于社会责任感而做这些。故选B。18．WhatistherightdescriptionaboutTilak?A．Hebegantofixroadsfromhisretirement.B．Hetookupthejobasaconsultantfor3years.C．Heextendedhismissiontootherneighbors.D．HewasoncearailwayengineerworkingintheUS.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二、三、四段中的“‘AfterworkingfortheSouthCentralRailwayinIndiafor35years，IretiredinOctober2008andspentsometimeoffin2009，alsotravelingtotheUStomeetmyson，’Tilaktoldthelocalmedia.‘InJanuary2010，Icamebackandtookupajobasaconsultantinasoftwareagency.’．..‘Afterthat，IquitmyjobandforthenextyeartillJune2012，Ispentmypensionmoneyinfixingroads，’hesaid.”可知A、B、D选项均不正确；根据文章后两段知C选项正确，故选C。19．WhatdoesTilakencouragepeopletodo?A．Takeactiontomakeadifference.B．Quittheirjobstoservetheirneighbors.C．Fillpotholestobeanother“roaddoctor”．D．Takepartinthephysicalworkbutnotbrainwork.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Hehopesthatwithmediaattention，hecaninspireachangeintheattitudeofthegeneralpublic.”可知，Tilak希望随着媒体的关注，他能激励公众改变态度，故选A。20．Whatmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A．TheThingThatEveryoneShouldHave—WarmHeartB．TheStrongestSupportIsfromFamilyMembersC．TheRetirementIsNottheEndofCareerD．TheRespectableManIsWorthyofHisName—RoadDoctor【答案】D【解析】标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了Tilak\n在印度中南部铁路工作了35年，退休回到家后继续用自己的钱修复破坏的公路的事。他成为了一位真正的道路医生，故选D。五、Doyoueverwishforalittlemoretimetodoeverythingyouneedtodo？Well，onJuly1you’llbegettingit—butonlyonemoresecond.OnJuly1atexactly7：59：59a．m.Beijingtime(oronJune30at23：59：59UTC，CoordinatedUniversalTime)，theworld’satomic(原子的)clockswillpauseforasinglesecond，or，moreprecisely，changetotheunusualtimeof7：59：60，accordingtotheverge.com.Theadditionofaleapsecond(闰秒)，announcedbytheParisObservatory，istokeepourclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation(旋转)andastronomicaltimeasmeasuredbythesun.Justoneextrasecondcouldcausebigproblemsandaffectthewaycomputersandwebsiteswork，however.Whenthelastleapsecondwasaddedbackin2012，morethanafewwebsiteshadsometrouble.AsreportedbyPhys.org，popularsiteslikethecommunitywebsiteRedditcrashedwhentheleapsecondwasadded.ForReddit，theproblemwaseventuallyfoundtobewithaLinuxsystemthatgotconfusedwhenitcheckedthenetworktimeandfoundanextrasecond.SpeakingtoWiredabouttheproblembackin2012，LinuxcreatorLinusTorvaldscommented：“Almosteverytimewehavealeapsecond，wefindsomething.It’sreallyannoying，becauseit’scode(代码)thatisalmostneverused，andthusnottestedbyusersundertheirnormalconditions.”Companieshavehadtothinkoftheirownsolutions，andGoogle’s“leapsmear”maybethebest-knownexample.AscompanyengineerChristopherPascoeexplainsinablogpost，companiesusuallytrytofixtheproblembyturningbacktheclocksbyonesecondattheendofthedaysothattheyplaythatsecondagain.However，Pascoebelievesthiscreatesproblems.Heasked：“Whathappens？Doese-mailthatcomesinduringthatsecondgetstoredcorrectly？”Googlehasasolution：Cuttheextrasecondintomillisecondsandthenputthesetinyamountsoftimeintothesystemthroughouttheday.“Thismeansthatwhenitbecametimetoaddanextrasecondatmidnight，”saysPascoe.“Ourclockshavealreadytakenthisintoaccountoverthecourseoftheday.”\nFormanycompanieswithoutGoogle’smoney，however，theleapsecondwilllikelystillcausesomecrashes.Don’tworry，though—atleastitwon’tlastlong!语篇解读　本文主要介绍了“闰秒”带来的影响及其解决方案。1．Whydoweneedtoaddaleapsecond?A．Theworld’satomicclocksaresettodoso.B．Tokeepintimewiththeworld’scomputers.C．TokeepatomicclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation.D．Torecordthechangestoastronomicaltime.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Theadditionofaleapsecond(闰秒)，announcedbytheParisObservatory，istokeepourclocksintimewiththeslowingofEarth’srotation(旋转)andastronomicaltimeasmeasuredbythesun.”可知，闰秒是由于地球自转变慢引起的，为了与由太阳测量的天文时间一致而增加一秒，故选C。2．WhathappenedtothewebsiteRedditwhentheleapsecondwasaddedin2012?A．Itcrashedbecauseofavirusattack.B．Itsnetworktimeaddedtwoextraseconds.C．AllofthecodeinitsLinuxsystemwentwrong.D．Oneofitssoftwaresystemsgotconfusedandthesitebrokedown.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段中“theproblemwaseventuallyfoundtobewithaLinuxsystemthatgotconfusedwhenitcheckedthenetworktimeandfoundanextrasecond”可知，闰秒发生时，网站崩溃，运行系统混乱，故选D。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”refertointhe5thparagraph?A．Thecodenotworkingproperly.B．Theextrasecond.C．Theproblem.D．Normalconditions.【答案】A【解析】代词指代题。根据文章第五段中“wefindsomething.It’sreallyannoying，becauseit’scode(代码)thatisalmostneverused，andthusnottestedbyusersundertheirnormal\nconditions”可知，something指代后文出现的一些从没使用过和测试过的代码，即代码不正常地工作，故选A。4．Howdocompaniesusuallydealwiththeproblemoftheextrasecond?A．Byshuttingdowncomputersattheendoftheday.B．Bystoppingreceivingemailsthatcomeinduringthatsecond.C．Byturningtheclocksbackbyonesecondattheendoftheday.D．Bycuttingtheextrasecondintomillisecondsthroughouttheday.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第六段中“companiesusuallytrytofixtheproblembyturningbacktheclocksbyonesecondattheendofthedaysothattheyplaythatsecondagain”可知，解决额外一秒的做法是在一天结束时将时钟往回调一秒，故选C。5．What’sChristopherPascoe’sattitudetowardGoogle’ssolutiontotheproblem?A．Unfavorable.B．Doubtful.C．Approving.D．Cautious.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“‘Thismeansthatwhenitbecametimetoaddanextrasecondatmidnight，’saysPascoe.‘Ourclockshavealreadytakenthisintoaccountoverthecourseoftheday.’”可知，午夜时分多一秒时，时钟已经在白天将这一秒考虑在内了，所以Pascoe认同这个方法，故选C。六、Soapingupyourhandsmaydomorethanjustgetridofgerms.Itmaywashawaytheinnerconfusionyoufeelrightafterbeingforcedtomakeachoicebetweentwoappealingchoices，accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudybuildsonpastresearchintoaphenomenonknownas“theMacbetheffect”．ItturnsoutthatShakespearewasreallyontosomethingwhenheimaginedLadyMacbethtryingtocleanherconscience(良心)byrubbinginvisiblebloodstainsfromherhands.Afewyearsago，scientistsaskedpeopletodescribeapastwrongact.Ifpeoplewerethengivenachancetocleantheirhands，theylaterexpressedlessguiltthanpeoplewhohadn’tcleaned.ThisfindingfascinatedW．S.Lee，aresearcher.“Anythingfromthepast，anykindofnegativeemotionalexperiences，mightbewashedaway，”saysLee.Hedecidedtotesthandwashing’seffectononekindofbadfeeling：thetensionwefeel\nafterbeingforcedtochoosebetweentwoattractivechoices，becausepickingonechoicemakesusfeelthatwe’velosttheother.Peopleusuallytrytocalmthisinnerconflictbylaterexaggerating(夸大)thepositiveaspectsoftheirchoice.Hehadstudentsrank10differentmusicCDs.ThenheofferedstudentsoneCDasagift.Somestudentsthenusedliquidsoap.Othersonlylookedatthesoaporsniffed(嗅)it.“Actually，youdonotneedwaterandsoap，”saysLee.Later，thestudentsagainhadtorankallthemusic.Peoplewhodidn’twashtheirhandshadthenormalresponse—theyscoredtheirtake-homeCDhigher，suggestingthattheynowsawitasevenmoreattractivethanbefore.Butthiswasn’ttrueforthehandwashers.Theyrankedthemusicaboutthesame.“Theyfeelnoneedatalltojustifythechoice，”saysLee.Buttheimplicationsofitjustaren’tclear.Schwarzsaysit’stoosoontoknowwhetherpeopleshouldheadforasinkaftermakingatoughchoice.Hesayswashingmayhelpdecision-makersbycleaningawaymentaldisorder，butperhapsiftheydon’tgothroughtheusualpost-decisionprocessofjustifyingtheirchoice，theymightfeelmoresorrowinthelongrun.语篇解读　本文主要讲述了用香皂洗手会帮助人们缓解作决定时的紧张与不安的情绪。6．TheMacbetheffectreferstothefactthat.A．peoplefeellessashamedafterwashingtheirhandsB．soapingupone’shandmayhelpwashawaytheinnerconfusionandmakeadecisionC．peoplefeellessguiltybygettingridofinvisiblegermsfromtheirhandsD．ShakespearedidscientificresearchbeforewritingMacbeth【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，人们在洗手后会感到良心上的愧疚感减轻，故选A。7．AccordingtoLee，afterpeoplemakethechoice.A．theywilloverstatethegoodnessoftheirchosenchoiceB．theywillfeelregretfulfornotchoosinganotherC．theywillfeelfreeduetothefeelingoflosingtheotherchoiceD．theywillthinknothingoftheirchosenchoiceanymoretocalmtheirinnerconflict\n【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第四段内容可知，在做出两个选项的选择后，人们通常会紧张不安，以夸大自己所选择的事物的优点来使内心平静，故选A。8．AccordingtoLee，thosehandwashersconsiderjustifyingtheirchoice.A．morescientificB．unnecessaryC．alittleconvincingD．absolutelyuseless【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘Theyfeelnoneedatalltojustifythechoice，’saysLee.”可知选B。9．WhatdoesSchwarzneedtoresearchmore?A．Whetherpeopleneedtojustifytheirchoice.B．Whetherpeoplefeelmoresorrowafterwashinghands.C．Whetherwashinghandshelpoveralongperiodoftime.D．Whetherwashinghandsishelpfultomakeachoice.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。通过最后一段内容可知，洗手从长远看是否有作用还需要更多的研究，故选C。10．Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A．IsWashingHandsNecessarytoDefeatTension?B．WashingHandsWashesOurMindC．WashingHandsHelpsMakeaBetterChoiceD．WashingHandsReducestheStressofDecision【答案】D【解析】标题归纳题。根据第一段内容以及整篇文章的介绍可知，本文主要讲洗手能够减轻作决定的压力，故选D。七、Youknowthesaying“You’reasyoungasyoufeel”．Well，theremaybesometruthinthat，accordingtoresearchersatHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.EllenLanger，aHarvardpsychologistwhostudieshowthemindinfluencesthebody，andhercolleaguesreviewedthescientificliteratureforevidencethataperson’sperceptionoftheiragemightinfluencetheirhealth.Theypublishedtheirresultsinthejournal\nPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience.InonestudythatLangerled,47womenhadtheirhairdone.Thewomenwhothoughttheirnewhairdos(发型)madethemlookyoungerdidlookyoungertoobjectiveobservers，whowereshownbefore-and-afterpictures.Thewomenwhothoughttheylookedyoungeralsoshowedadropinbloodpressure.Anotherstudyinvolving4,421menfoundthatthosewhobecamebald(秃顶)atarelativelyyoungageweremorelikelytogetcancerandheartdiseasethanmenwhodidnot.Similarly，anotherstudyinvolving2,017menfoundthatthosewholosttheirhairearlyweremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.“Webelievethatthefeelingsassociatedwithbeingolderthanone’srealageaccountforsomeofthesehealthoutcomes，”theresearcherswrote.Theresearchersalsodescribedstudieswhichfoundthatwomenwhohadchildrenlaterinlifeweremorelikelytobehealthierandlivelongerthanthosewhohadchildrenearly，whichtheyattributedtothefactthatthesemotherstendtospendmoretimewithyoungerwomen.Similarly，peoplewhomarryyoungerpartnerstendtolivelongerthanthosewhomarryolderpartners，accordingtootherstudies.Takentogether，theresearchsupportsthegeneralmind-bodyhypothesis(假说)thatwhenayoungermindisprepared，ayoungerbodycanaccompanyit.Whilethemechanism(机制)remainsunclear，theresearchersfiguredthatsuggestionsassociatedwithagingcanmakeoneunconsciouslyorconsciouslyawareofoldageandsetinmotionaseriesofphysiologicalprocessesthatcanhaverealeffectsonshort-termandlong-termhealth.语篇解读　本文为说明文，题材为科普知识类。觉得自己更年轻的人更健康也活得更长。11．Theunderlinedword“perception”inParagraph2means“”．A．viewB．appearanceC．influenceD．creation【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。由第一段第一句中的“You’reasyoungasyoufeel”及第二段第一句中的“howthemindinfluencesthebody”可推测出答案。12．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Bloodpressureiscloselyrelatedtohairdos.B．Feelingolderthanone’srealagemaybetiedtohealthproblems.\nC．Gettingcancerorheartdiseaseisthecauseofhairlosing.D．Thewomenwholovehairdoslookyoungerthanthosewhodon’t.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由第三段列举的三项研究的结果及最后一句话的总结可知选B。13．ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph4that.A．ayoungermotherismorelikelytolivelongerB．theyoungeroneofacouplelivesmuchlongerC．oftenstayingwithyoungerpeoplecanbenefitpeople’shealthD．peoplewhowanttolivelongerneedtomarryyoung【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由该段中举的例子可推知选C。14．Thepassagemainlytellsusthat.A．gettingbaldtooearlyisnotgoodforhealthB．womenhadbettergivebirthlaterintheirlifeC．peoplewhomarryyoungerpartnerstendtolivelongerD．people’sviewoftheiragemayhaveaneffectontheirownhealth【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。由第一段第一句中的“You’reasyoungasyoufeel”和最后一段第一句中的“theresearchsupportsthegeneralmind-bodyhypothesis(假说)thatwhenayoungermindisprepared，ayoungerbodycanaccompanyit”可知，人们对自己年龄的认知可能会影响健康，故选D。15．Fromwhichpageofanewspaperisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A．Entertainment.B．Health.C．Economy.D．Politics.【答案】B【解析】文章出处题。本文是关于健康的，故最有可能出自报纸上的健康专栏。故选B。八、Whenyouwanttothrowsomethingoutas“junk”，bettertakeasecondthoughtasitmaybeofgreatvalue.Infact，scientistsmadethesamemistakewithDNAyearsago，andnowtheyaretryingtogetitright.WeoftensaythatDNAisakindofacidthatcontainsourgenes.Butthetruthisthatgenes\nonlymakeup1to2percentofourDNA，whichcausedscientiststobelievethattherestofitisuseless.Nevertheless，insteadofdoingnothing，junkDNA，asitiscalled，turnedouttobeplayinganimportantpartinourbody.Ifgenesarelikelightbulbs，thenjunkDNAactsasswitches.Theycontrolwhichgenesareusedinacellandhowactivetheyare.Forexample，theycandeterminewhetheracellbecomesalungcelloraneuron(神经元)．Thestudy，publishedinthejournalNatureonSeptember5，startedin2003，and442scientistsfrom30labsaroundtheworldwereinvolved，accordingtoReuters.Itisconsideredthebiggestbreakthroughingenomics(基因学)inadecadebecauseitmighthelpscientistsfindthecauseofcertaindiseases.Ithaslongbeenknownthatmanycomplicateddiseases，suchascancer，arecausedbytinychangesinDNA.Butnowscientistsrealizethatmostofthechangesoccurnotinthegenesthemselves，butinthe“junk”partoftheDNA.Theyareabletokeeptrackofhowandwhytheswitcheschangeandthenfigureoutnewtreatmentsanddrugs.“OurformerunderstandingofDNAwaslikegettingapictureofEarthfromspace，”EricLanderfromtheBroadInstitute，US，toldTheNewYorkTimes.“Youknowtheplanetisthere，butyoucannotseeexactlywhatit’slikeonthesurface.”Butnowwiththenewstudyresult“youcanfollowtheroadsandseethetrafficcirculation.That’sexactlythesamewaywewillusethisdataincancerresearch，”explainedMarkRubinfromWeillCornellMedicalCollegeinNewYork.16．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．DNA—TheCauseofCancerB．WhatIsDNA?C．ANewDiscoveryfor“JunkDNA”D．AMisunderstandingofGenes【答案】C【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了垃圾DNA其实在我们的身体中也扮演着重要的角色，这是医学上的一个新发现，故选C。17．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“getitright”inthefirstparagraphreferto?\nA．DiscoveringnewtypesofDNA.B．RecognizingtheimportanceofjunkDNA.C．UnderstandingtherolegenesplayinDNA.D．TellingusefulDNAfromuselessone.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文中的“多年前科学家对于垃圾DNA也犯了同样的错误”可推知，他们现在正在纠正，也就是认识到垃圾DNA的重要性。故选B。18．TheauthorexplainshowdifferentpartsofDNAworkby.a．introducingageneraltheoryb．makingametaphor(比喻)c．givingexamplesd．displayingresearchdataA．a，cB．b，cC．a，dD．c，d【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Ifgenesarelikelightbulbs，thenjunkDNAactsasswitches.”可知，作者使用比喻来解释DNA的作用；根据第四段内容可知，作者具体举出了例子，故选B。19．Theresultsofthestudymentionedinthearticleshowthat.A．canceriscausedbytinychangesingenesthemselvesB．thestudyofjunkDNAislessimportantthanthestudyofgenesC．changesinjunkDNAdonotaffectgenesD．junkDNAisveryimportantforthefunctioningofourcells【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Theycontrolwhichgenesareusedinacellandhowactivetheyare.”可知，垃圾DNA对于我们细胞的正常功能是非常重要的，故选D。20．WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightMarkRubinagreewith?A．Thefindingsofourgenesareenoughtofightagainstcancer.B．Thebattleagainstcancerwillbewonwithintwoyears.C．ThefindingsofjunkDNAthrowlightonhowwemightcurecancer.\nD．ThenewtreatmentsanddrugswillchangejunkDNAquickly.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“That’sexactlythesamewaywewillusethisdataincancerresearch...”可知，研究垃圾DNA得出的数据将运用到癌症治疗的研究中，故选C.九、Airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreseriousinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Thefactthatpublicparksincitiesbecomecrowdedprovesthatpeoplelongtobreatheingreen，openspaces.And，inthesesurroundings，theyaregenerallybothpeacefulandpeaceable.Itisraretoseepeoplebeingatoddsorevenfightinginagarden.Itseemstobeprovedthatifhumanbeingscanfreelybreatheandshareair，thereisnoprimaryreasonforthemtostrugglewithoneanother.Butdoweonlysensewhatlifecouldbewhenweenjoygreenspaces?Theplantworldsilentlyshowsuswhatareflectionoflifetruthfullyis.Italsohelpsustoanewbeginning，urgingustocareforourbreath.Wemust，inturn，careforit，opposinganysortofpollutionthatdestroysbothourworldandthatofplants.Theinterdependencetowhichwemustpaytheclosestattentioniswhatexistsbetweenourselvesandtheplantworld.Oftendescribedas“thelungsoftheplanet”，thewoodsthatcovertheearthofferusthegiftofbreathableairbyreleasingoxygen.Buttheircapacitytorenewtheairpollutedbyindustryhaslongreacheditslimit.Ifwecontinuetopollutetheairbyfillingitwithchemicalsanddestroytheabilityofplantstorestoreitwewillsoonpullourworldintoanunavoidabledisaster.Humansmustlearntosharelife，bothwitheachotherandwithplants.Thistaskcanbecarriedoutonlywheneachtakesituponher-orhimselfandonlywhenallworktogether.Thelessontaughtbyplantsisthathumanlifecanonlyexistwithnature.Wemustcometoviewtheair，theplantsandourselvesasthecontributorstotheprotectionoflifeandgrowth，ratherthanproductiveobjectswecanuseandthrowawayfreely.Perhapsthenwewouldfinallybegintolive，ratherthanmerelysurvive.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“beingatodds”mean?A．Relaxing.B．Exercising.C．Hurrying.D．Conflicting.\n【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据上一句中的“...theyaregenerallybothpeacefulandpeaceable.”可知，他们是和平的，因此很少看到有人争吵或打架等，因此猜测“beingatodds”的意思为“起冲突”，故选D。2．Accordingtothefirstparagraph，whatdoestheauthorsupposemightbetheprimaryreasonthatpeoplewouldstrugglewitheachother?A．Togettheirshareofcleanair.B．Topursueacomfortablelife.C．Togainahighersocialstatus.D．Toseekeconomicbenefits.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Itseemstobeprovedthatifhumanbeingscanfreelybreatheandshareair，thereisnoprimaryreasonforthemtostrugglewithoneanother.”可知，如果人们能自由地呼吸到新鲜空气，就没理由跟别人争斗，故选A。3．Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawourclosestattentionto?A．Themassiveburningoffossilfuels.B．Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.C．Thecapacityofplantstorenewpollutedair.D．Large-scaledeforestationacrosstheworld.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“Theinterdependencetowhichwemustpaytheclosestattentioniswhatexistsbetweenourselvesandtheplantworld.”可知，作者最想让我们关注的是我们和植物世界的关系，故选B。4．Howcanhumanbeingsachievethegoalofprotectingtheplanet，accordingtotheauthor?A．Byshowingrespectforplants.B．Bypreservingallformsoflife.C．Byconsumingallnaturalresources.D．Byallmakingtheireffortstogether.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Thistaskcanbecarriedoutonlywheneachtakesituponher-orhimselfandonlywhenallworktogether.”可知，人类想实现保护星球这个目标就要团结一致共同努力，故选D。\n5．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoinordernottojustsurvive，butlivebetter?A．Expandtherangeofliving.B．Developnature’spotentials.C．Sharelifewithnature.D．Explorenewresources.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段内容尤其是其第一句“Humansmustlearntosharelife，bothwitheachotherandwithplants.”可知，为了活得更好，我们应与自然分享生活。故选C。十、Thetemperatureissharplyrisingwitheachpassingday.People，includingmanyexperts，finditdifficulttoslowdowntheprocess.However，leavingcoalandmajorfossilfuelsinthegroundcouldhelptolimitclimatechangeinthefuture，accordingtoanewstudy.Thatistosay，athirdofoilreservesontheearth，halfofgasreservesandover80percentofcurrentcoalreservesshouldnotbeusedbeforetheyear2050.Ifwearetopreventglobaltemperaturesfromrisingabove2degreesCelsiusinthenearfuture，weoughttocarryoutsomemeasurestoseverelycontroltheemissionsfromfactories，vehiclesandevenourdaily-lifecooking.However，itisagoalthatseemstobeimpossibleinoureyes.“Policymakersindifferentcountriesmustrealizethattheirattempttocompletelyusethefossilfuelswithintheircountriesiswhollyincompatible(矛盾的)withtheirhopetoreachthe2-degreegoal，”DrChristopheMcGladeatUniversityCollegeLondon’sEnergyInstitutesaidinastatement.“Iftheygoaheadwithdevelopingtheirownresources，”headded，“theymustbeaskedwhichreserveselsewhereshouldremainunburnedinorderforthecarbonbudgetnottogobeyondthelimit.”It’snotsurprisingtoseehowtappingintotheseunusedreserveswouldbeattractive.Energy-relatedindustryisabigbusinessallovertheworld.TherearemanycoalreservesinChina，RussiaandtheUnitedStates，alongwithover260thousandmillionbarrelsofoilreservesintheMiddleEast.NottomentionthatoiliscurrentlybeingdevelopedintheArctic.Companiesspentover670billionlastyearintheexpansionoffossilfuels，butaccordingtothenewmodelusedinthislateststudy，developersmayneedtorethinktheirplanstodeveloptheseundergroundresourcessoastomakesomecontributionstocontroltheworld\ntemperaturefromrisinghighinthefuture.“We’venowgotpracticalfiguresofthequantitiesandlocationsoffossilfuelsthatshouldremainunusedintryingtokeepwithinthe2-degreetemperaturelimit，”addedMcGlade.Worldleadersandpolicymakersshouldtaketheadvicetoheart，becausearecentIPCCreportwarnedthatifimmediateandgreatactionsarenottakensoon，climatechangewillcauseirreversible(不可逆转的)impactsonenvironmentsworldwide，leavingtheworldanunsafeplaceforustolivein.语篇解读　本文为议论文。论述了全球气候变化与化石燃料的关系。6．AccordingtoParagraph1，ourgoalisto.A．discovermorefossilfuelsforthefuturegenerationB．slowdowntheclimatechangeC．refusetousereservesontheearthD．keepthetemperaturerisebelow2degreesCelsius【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由首段中的“Ifwearetopreventglobaltemperaturesfromrisingabove2degreesCelsiusinthenearfuture，weoughtto...”及“However，itisagoalthat...”可知答案为D。7．Theunderlinedword“emissions”inParagraph1refersto“”．A．thingsthataresentoutintotheairB．productsthataremadefromfossilfuelsC．factorsthatcausetheclimatechangeD．changesthathappenaftertemperaturerise【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。由前后语境可推知，画线词指的是“排放到空气中的物质”，故选A。8．AccordingtowhatMcGladesaidinParagraph2，allcountriesshould.A．makefulluseoftheirfossilfuelsB．worktogethertowardsthe2-degreegoalC．findbetterwaystodigoutthecoalD．increasetheglobalcarbonbudget\n【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。通读第二段可推断出答案为B。9．WecaninferfromParagraph3thatgreateffortshavebeenmadein.A．diggingouttheoilintheMiddleEastB．gettingpeopletorethinktheirfuelplansC．developingfossilfuelsaroundtheworldD．developingenergy-relatedindustryworldwide【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由第三段中的“tappingintotheseunusedreserves”，“intheexpansionoffossilfuels”及“developersmayneedtorethinktheirplanstodeveloptheseundergroundresources”可推断出答案为C。10．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureoftemperaturecontrol?A．Confident.B．Negative.C．Satisfied.D．Unclear.【答案】B【解析】观点态度题。由第一段首句和尾句及最后一段尾句可推测出作者对未来大气温度的控制持消极的态度。十一、Styrofoam，orpolystyrene，isalight-weightmaterial，about95percentair，withverygoodinsulation(隔热)properties，accordingtoEarthsourceorg.Itisusedinproductsfromcupsthatkeepyourdrinkshotorcoldtopackagingmaterialthatprotectsitemsduringshipping.Withtheabovegoodfeatures，Styrofoamstillenjoysabadreputation.Itcannotberecycledwithoutreleasingdangerouspollutionintotheair.TheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencysaysitisthefifth-largestcreatorofharmfulwaste.Butnowthecommonwormswhichareusuallydisgustingcancometotherescue，specifically，mealworms.ScientistsfromtheU．S.andChinahavediscoveredthatmealwormscandigestplastic.Onemealwormcandigestapill-sizedamountofplasticaday.Studyco-authorWei-MinWusaysthatin24hours，theplasticisturnedintocarbondioxide.SinceStyrofoamhasnonutritionatall，arethewormshurtbyeatingplastic?Muchtothescientists’surprise，thestudyfoundthatwormseatingStyrofoamwereashealthyas\nwormseatingbran(谷糠)．Theresearcherswillstudytheworm’seatinghabitsanddigestingsystem，lookingtocopytheplasticbreakdownbutonalargerscale.Oncethewaycanbeputintopractice，itwillmakearevolutionarydifferencetothedisposalofplastic.“Solvingtheissueofplasticpollutionisimportant，”saysWu，aStanfordUniversityenvironmentalengineeringinstructor.Afterall，ourearthissmallandlandfillspaceisbecominglimitedwithtoomuchgarbagewaitingtobedealtwith，hesays.About33milliontonsofplasticarethrownawayintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Plasticplates，cupsandcontainerstakeup25percentto30percentofspaceinAmerica’slandfills.OneStyrofoamcuptakesmorethan1millionyearstorecycleinalandfill，accordingtoClevelandStateUniversity.语篇解读　文章介绍了一种能够消化分解塑料的黄粉虫幼虫，研究者期待着模仿它们的分解和消化的方式从而解决回收利用塑料对环境造成的污染问题。11．WhatdoweknowaboutStyrofoam?A．Itcanbeusedtocooldrinks.B．Itisaweightlessmaterial.C．Itisharmfulwhenrecycled.D．Itisusuallyusedonships.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。第二段第二句“Itcannotberecycledwithoutreleasingdangerouspollutionintotheair.”为双重否定，表达的是肯定的意思，即“它被回收时会向空气中释放危险的污染物”，故选C。12．Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A．Mealwormshaveamazingdigestingpower.B．Mealwormsarenotbadintheirnature.C．Mealwormscanrescuepeople’slives.D．Peoplemisunderstoodmealwormsinthepast.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“ScientistsfromtheU．S.andChinahavediscoveredthat\nmealwormscandigestplastic.Onemealwormcandigestapill-sizedamountofplasticaday.”可知，黄粉虫幼虫有令人惊奇的消化能力，故选A。13．Whywillresearchersstudytheworm’seatinghabitsanddigestingsystem?A．Tofindwaystohelpmealwormsgrowlarger.B．Toimitatetheirwaysofbreakingdownplastic.C．Tohelpdeveloptheirdigestingability.D．Tomakesureoftheirsafetyaftereatingplastic.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中“lookingtocopytheplasticbreakdownbutonalargerscale(期望模仿塑料的分解但是在更大的规模上)”推断研究者是为了模仿这些虫子分解塑料的方式，故选B。14．Inthefuture，plasticmayberecycled.A．byraisingamountsofmealwormsB．byenvironmentalengineeringinstructorsC．usingamethodinspiredbyeatingmealwormsD．withoutsendingoutdangerouspollution【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。文章介绍了一种能够消化分解塑料的黄粉虫幼虫，研究者期待着模仿它们的分解和消化的方式从而解决回收利用塑料对环境造成的污染问题，故推断一旦模仿成功，塑料的回收利用就不会危害环境，故选D。15．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Styrofoamiswidelyusedindailylife.B．Mealwormsaregeniusateatingplastic.C．Plasticrecyclingmaybenomoreaproblem.D．Plasticcanbeturnedintocarbondioxide.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意题。文章中作者首先提出了问题——塑料的回收利用对环境造成污染；其次介绍了一种能消化分解塑料的虫子，并说明研究者期望通过理解和模仿从而最终解决塑料的回收利用对环境造成污染的问题；故说明也许塑料的回收利用不再是问题，故选C。十二、\nInthedryNamibDesertonthewestcoastofAfrica，onetypeofbeetlehasfoundaspecialwayofsurviving.Whenthemorningfogarrives，theNamibBeetlecollectswaterdropsonitsbumpy(起伏不平的)back，thenletsthewaterrolldownintoitsmouth，allowingittodrinkinanareawithoutflowingwater.ShreerangChhatrewantstousewhatnaturehasdevelopedtohelptheworld’spoor.ChhatreisanengineeratMITwhoworksonfogharvesting，thedevicesthat，likethebeetle，attractwaterdrops.Thisway，poorvillagerscouldcollectcleanwaterneartheirhomes，insteadofspendinghourscarryingwaterfromdistantwellsofrivers.Accesstowaterisapressingglobalissue.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationandUNICEF，nearly900millionpeopleworldwidelivewithoutsafedrinkingwater.Theburdenoffindingandtransportingwaterfallsheavilyonwomenandchildren.“Asamiddle-classperson，Ithinkit’sterriblethatthepoorhavetospendhoursadaywalkingjusttoobtainabasicnecessity，”Chhatresays.Afog-harvestingdeviceconsistsofafence-likemeshpanel(网状面板)，whichattractsdrops，connectedtocontainersintowhichwaterfalls.Chhatrehasimprovedthematerialsusedinthesedevices.HeiscontinuinghisworkatMITSloanandtheLegatumCenterinordertodevelopaworkablebusinessplanforapplyingfog-harvestingdevices.Interestinfogharvestingdatesbacktothe1990s，andhasincreasedsincenewresearchontheNamibBeetlebecamefamousin2001.Afewtechnologistssawpotentialintheconceptforpeople.OneCanadiancharitableorganization，FogQuest，hastestedprojectsinChileandGuatemala.Butfogharvestingremainsinitsinfancy，technologicallyandcommercially，asChhatrereadilyrecognizes.“Itstillfacessomeopenproblems，”hesays.“Butit’sworkinprogress.”Afterall，thewaterthatfillsourriversandlakescomesfromair.语篇解读　文章介绍了科学家新研究出来的雾收集装置，它能在空气中收集水，因此对一些缺水地区是很有用的。16．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofShreerangChhatre?A．HeisanAfricanengineer.B．HeisresearchingontheNamibBeetle.\nC．Hehasmadethefirstfog-harvestingdevice.D．Heistryingtoputfog-harvestingdevicestouse.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“...inordertodevelopaworkablebusinessplanforapplyingfog-harvestingdevices.”及最后一段中的“‘Itstillfacessomeopenproblems，’hesays.‘Butit’saworkinprogress.’”可知，ShreerangChhatre正努力尝试让雾收集装置被使用，故选D。17．Howdidfogharvestingattractmorepeople?A．BybeingadvertisedbyMIT.B．BygettingthehelpofUNICEF.C．ByresearchingontheNamibBeetle.D．Bybeinginspiredbytheinventionofafence-likemeshpanel.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Interestinfogharvestingdatesbacktothe1990s，andhasincreasedsincenewresearchontheNamibBeetlebecamefamousin2001.”可知选C。18．Whatdoweknowaboutfogharvesting?A．Itbecamefamousin2001.B．Itisstillinitsearlystages.C．IthasbeentestedinAfrica.D．ItwasinventedbyFogQuest.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Butfogharvestingremainsinitsinfancy...”可知，雾收集装置还处于早期阶段，故选B。19．Theunderlinedword“It”inthelastparagraphrefersto“”．A．UNICEFB．theBeetleC．fogharvestingD．aCanadiancharitableorganization【答案】C\n【解析】代词指代题。根据前面提到的雾收集装置还处于早期阶段可知，这里接着说它还存在着一些问题，因此it指代的就是雾收集装置，故选C。20．Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetextisto.A．stresstheimportanceofsavingwaterB．showtheNamibBeetle’sspecialwayofsurvivingC．introduceanewdeviceforcollectingwaterfromairD．informpeopleoftheseriouswaterprobleminAfrica【答案】C【解析】写作意图题。文章介绍了科学家新研究出来的雾收集装置，它能在空气中收集水，因此对一些缺水地区是很有用的。文章的目的就在于介绍这一种新的装置，故选C.十三、Longago，poemswererecitedoutloudinsteadofbeingwrittendown.BackwhentheGreeksfirststartedtheOlympics，theyheldpoetrycontestsaswellasathleticcompetitions.Now，poetrycompetitionshavebeenrevived.Thisyear120,000highschoolstudentscompetedinthefirstPoetryOutLoudnationalrecitationcontest，performingpoemsfrommemoryfor100,000inprizes.Thefirstcompetitionswereheldinclassrooms.Thewinnerswentontoschool-widecontests，andthentheycompetedincityandstatecompetitions，andthenthe50statechampions，alongwiththeDistrictofColumbiachampioncametoWashington，D.C.lastweekforthelastshowdown(对决)．Afterthe51championscompetedagainstoneanother,12wentontothefinals.Thenthefieldwasnarrowedtofive.Thefinalfivehadonelastchanceto“perform”apoem.Theoverallchamp，JacksonHille，ahighschoolseniorfromOhio，wona20,000scholarship.TheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsandthePoetryFoundationstartedPoetryOutLoudbecausetheyrealizedthathearingapoemperformedisadifferentexperiencefromreadingitonapage.It’snotjustamatterofsayingthewordsintherightorder.It’sthetoneofvoice，thepauses，thegestures，andtheattitudeofthepersonperformingthatbringthewordstolife.“Eachtimewehearsomebodyreciteapoem，weunderstandagainwhatwefoundfreshandinterestingaboutit，”saysNationalPublicRadiobroadcasterScottSimon，masterofceremoniesforthefinals.Hearingitinanewvoiceofferssomethingnewtothelistener.Notonlydothepeoplehearingpoemshaveanewexperience，butmemorizingandpresentingpoemshelpstheparticipantsunderstandthosepoemsinanewway.Anotherbenefitofacompetition\nsuchasPoetryOutLoudisthattheparticipantslearnpublic-speakingskillsthatcanhelpthemforlife.语篇解读　文章介绍了诗歌朗诵比赛在美国的复兴。1．Fromthefirstparagraph，wecanknow.A．theGreekswerethefirsttowritepoemsB．theOlympicsusedtostartwithpoemrecitingC．poemswerespreadorallyinthepastD．athleteswereaskedtorecitepoemsbeforecompeting【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由第一段首句“Longago，poemswererecitedoutloudinsteadofbeingwrittendown.”可知，在很早以前诗歌只是被口头朗诵，故选C。2．HowmanyroundsofcompetitionsdidthechampionstakepartinbeforetheywenttoWashington，D.C?A．Three.B．Four.C．Five.D．Six.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。从第三段的介绍中可知，参赛者经过在班里、学校、市里和州里的比赛后，才来到华盛顿哥伦比亚特区进行比赛，故B项正确。3．Accordingtothepassage，hearingapoemrecitedinanewvoicecan.A．bringanewlifetolistenersB．helplistenersfindtheirinterestC．makelistenerslearnthewordsD．offersomethingnewtolisteners【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由倒数第二段的叙述，特别是最后一句可知，朗诵诗歌可以给听众带来新的感受，故选D。4．OnebenefittheparticipantsgetfromacompetitionsuchasPoetryOutLoudisthattheycan.A．becomeconfidentwhilespeakinginpublicB．writegoodpoemsthemselves\nC．changetheirattitudestowardslifeD．makefriendswithmanygreatpoets【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句“AnotherbenefitofacompetitionsuchasPoetryOutLoudisthattheparticipantslearnpublic-speakingskillsthatcanhelpthemforlife.”可知答案为A。5．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．RecitingPoemsImprovesYourMemoryB．RememberingaLotofPoemsIsFunC．PoetsHaveaGreatTimeD．PoetryRockstheMicrophone【答案】D【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国的诗歌朗诵比赛。这项活动在中学生中引起了很大的反响，故D项为最佳标题。十四、ManyFrenchacademics，teachersandparentscomplainbecausetheyfeelthatyoungpeople’sintellectuallevelsarefallingrapidly！Thefiguresproveit：youngpeoplevisitmuseumslessandspendtheirliveschattingontheInternet，readingnothingbutStephenKing，orwatchingAmericansoapssuchasFriendsorrealityshowslikeStarAcademyontelevision，musicplayergluedtotheircars，andthegamesconsolehandy.Itis，however，easytoseethesehabitsinapositivelight.Musicisthefavoriteleisureactivity：86%of14-to18-year-oldsputitatthetopoftheiractivities，abovethecinema(71%)，clubbing(68%)，sport(56%)andtelevision(48%)．For90%ofyoungpeopleaged14to18，radioisalsoverypopular：theylistentoiteverydaywithoutexception.Internationalpopularmusichasastrongshowing，butsongsinFrencharestillinthemajority(60%)．Youngpeopledo，ofcourse，watchalotoftelevision，butlessthantheirelders，andiftheytendtochoosemostlysoapsandrealityTVshows，thatisbecausethesearetheprogramspeopletalkabout，whichencouragessocialinteraction.Doyoungpeoplereadlessthantheyusedto？Maybe，butthat’salsotrueoftheelders.Youngpeoplestillreadmorethantheirelders.Whenasked，“Doyoulikereading？”，94%of14-to18-year-oldssaytheydo，and81%areconvincedthatcomputerswillneverreplacebooks.\nContrarytopopularbelief，readingcontinuestooccupyanextremelyimportantplaceinleisure-timeactivities，butthereadingmatteryoungpeoplechoosehaschangedconsiderably：thereisagreatervarietyofmedia(computersandnewtechnologies)andyoungpeopleadmittotastewhattheywouldperhapshavebeenashamedofinthepast.Forexample，comicstrips，StephenKingorotherauthorsnotrecognizedbymainstreamculture，suchasBettyMahmoody(NotWithoutMyDaughter)，MaryHigginsClarkorJosteinGaader(Sophie’sWorld)．AsBeatriceToulon，editorinchiefofthemagazinePhosphore，seesit，“Theydon’treadthesamethingsastheirparentsdid，buttheyarenotafraidtoadmitit.Theyhavetheirownculture，whichtheyflaunt(炫耀)openly！”语篇解读　本文为议论文，题材为社会行为。对于许多法国学者、老师和家长们所说的年轻一代的智力水平快速下降的问题，作者提出了自己的看法。6．Theunderlinedpart“inapositivelight”inParagraph2canbestbereplacedby“”．A．inthelongtermB．duringthedaytimeC．fromanoptimisticangleD．beyondreasonabledoubt【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。从第二段首句中的however可得到提示。7．WhichactivityisthemostpopularwithyoungFrenchpeople?A．Music.B．Sport.C．Cinema.D．TV.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第二句“Musicisthefavoriteleisureactivity：86%of14-to18-year-oldsputitatthetopoftheiractivities”可知答案。8．WecaninferthatyoungFrenchpeople.A．areashamedoftheirtastesB．areproudoftheirowncultureC．sharetheirparents’tastesinreadingD．admitthattheyreadlessthantheirparents\n【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Theydon’treadthesamethingsastheirparentsdid，buttheyarenotafraidtoadmitit.Theyhavetheirownculture，whichtheyflaunt(炫耀)openly！”可推知B项正确。9．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsintellectuallevelsinFrance?A．Worried.B．Doubtful.C．Uninterested.D．Approving.【答案】D【解析】观点态度题。由首段首句“ManyFrenchacademics，teachersandparentscomplainbecausetheyfeelthatyoungpeople’sintellectuallevelsarefallingrapidly！”和下文的描述可推知作者的观点和academics，teachersandparents的观点相反，对年轻一代的智力水平是认可的。10．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．TheFutureofBooksB．MoreBooks，LessTVC．YoungPeopleandCultureinFranceD．YoungPeopleandTheirEldersinFrance【答案】C【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了法国年轻一代的文化以及同父辈文化的差异。故选C。十五、Thepracticeofstudentsendlesslycopyinglettersandsentencesfromablackboardisathingofthepast.Withthecomingofnewtechnologieslikecomputersandsmartphones，writingbyhandhasbecomesomethingofanostalgic(怀旧的)skill.However，whiletoday’seducatorsareusingmoreandmoretechnologyintheirteaching，manybelievebasichandwritingskillsarestillnecessaryforstudentstobesuccessful—bothinschoolandinlife.VirginiaBerninger，professorofeducationalpsychologyattheUniversityofWashington，saysit’simportanttocontinueteachinghandwritingandhelpchildrenacquiretheskillofwritingbyhand.Berningerandhercolleaguesconductedastudythatlookedattheabilityofstudentstocompletevariouswritingtasks—bothonacomputerandbyhand.Thestudy，publishedin2009，foundthatwhenwritingwithapenandpaper，participantswrotelongeressaysandmorecomplete\nsentencesandhadafasterwordproductionrate.Inamorerecentstudy，Berningerlookedatwhatrolespellingplaysinastudent’swritingskillsandfoundthathowwellchildrenspellistiedtohowwelltheycanwrite.“Spellingmakessomeofthethinkingpartsofthebrainactive，whichhelpsusaccessourvocabulary，wordmeaningandconcepts.Itisallowingourwrittenlanguagetoconnectwithideas，”Berningersaid.Spellinghelpsstudentstranslateideasintowordsintheirmindfirstandthentotranscribe(转换)．“Thosewordsinthemindintowrittensymbolsonpaperorkeyboardandscreen，”thestudysaid.“Seeingthewordsinthe‘mind’seye’helpschildrennotonlytoturntheirideasintowords，”saysBerninger，“butalsotospot(发现)spellingmistakeswhentheywritethewordsdownandtocorrectthemovertime.”“Inourcomputerage，somepeoplebelievethatwedon’thavetoteachspellingbecausewehavespellchecks，”shesaid.“Butuntilachildhasfunctionalspellingabilityofaboutafifthgradelevel，theywon’thavetheknowledgetochoosethecorrectspellingamongtheoptionsgivenbythecomputer.”语篇解读　随着现代科技的发展，书写渐渐被人们忽视，但是Berninger的研究表明，书写在现代教学中应占有一席之地。11．Whatmakeswritingbyhandathingofthepast?A．Theabsenceofblackboardsinclassrooms.B．Theuseofnewtechnologiesinteaching.C．Thelackofpracticeinhandwriting.D．Thepopularuseofsmartphones.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Withthecomingofnewtechnologies...writingbyhandhasbecomesomethingofanostalgic(怀旧的)skill.”可知B项正确。12．Berninger’sstudypublishedin2009.A．focusedonthedifferencebetweenwritingbyhandandonacomputerB．indicatedthatstudentsprefertowritewithapenandpaperC．foundthatgoodessaysaremadeupoflongsentences\nD．discussedtheimportanceofwritingspeed【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Berninger...conductedastudy...bothonacomputerandbyhand.”可知A项正确。13．Whichofthefollowingbestshowstheroleofspelling?A．Spellingimprovesone’smemoryofwords.B．Spellingabilityiscloselyrelatedtowritingability.C．Spellingbenefitsthetranslationfromwordsintoideas.D．Spellingslowsdownfindingexactwordstoexpressideas.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Spellingmakessomeofthethinkingpartsofthebrainactive，whichhelpsusaccessourvocabulary，wordmeaningandconcepts.Itisallowingourwrittenlanguagetoconnectwithideas”可知，拼写能力与写作能力密切相关，所以B项正确。14．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“mind’seye”inParagraph5mean?A．Window.B．Soul.C．Picture.D．Imagination.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据第五段的第一句可知，mind’seye指的是“想象力(imagination)”。15．Whatconclusioncouldbedrawnfromthepassage?A．Computerscanhelppeoplewiththeirchoiceofwords.B．Spellcheckscantaketheplaceofspellingteaching.C．Handwritingstillhasaplaceintoday’sclassrooms.D．Functionalspellingabilitydevelopsfastinthefifthgrade.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。由文章内容可知文章主要说明了书写对学生的重要性，所以C项正确。十六、Whattowrite？Thisisaquestionaskedbysomanywritersofchildren’sliterature.Thechildren’sliteraturemarketisabigmarket.Beingawriterofchildren’sliterature，Ididsomeresearchintotheliterarymarketforchildren，findingsometrends.Childrentendtolikereadingaseriesontheirfavoritecharacters.However，whentryingto\nsellyourbooktoanagentorapublisher，youshouldsellitasastand-alonebook.Focusyourmindonthestorythatyou’vewritteninsteadofthinkingaboutfutureunwrittenstories.Ifthebookispublishedanddoeswellinthemarket，thepublisherwillbeopentoextendingthestoryintoaseries.Overtheyearsthepicturebookmarkethasbeenslow.Smallchildren，theprime“readers”ofpicturebooks，tendtonotrequesttheirparentstopurchasebooksforthem.Theycannotreadforthemselvesandhavetodependonotherstoreadforthem.Toappealtochildrenwithnoreadingskills，awritershouldfocusmoreonshowinghis/herstorythroughvividandcolorfulpictures.Also，writersmusttakeintoconsiderationtheamountoftimetheaverageparentiswillingtospendreadingtotheirchildren.Manyteensenjoyreadingyoungadultnovelsbasedonwhatisknownasdarkconceptstories.Darkconceptbooksarestorieswithvampires(吸血鬼)，demons(魔鬼)，andothersupernaturalcreatures.Thevillain(坏蛋)，though，hassomegoodnessandinawayisavictim.Alsosuchcharacterssharethesameexperiencesthatatypical16-20-year-oldhas.Theyfeelsad，gethappy，fallinlove，andevencanbetakenadvantageof.Whenwritingachildren’sbook，keepinmindthetrendsinthemarket.Readpublishedbooks，boththebestsellersandpoorsellers，usingthemasreferences.However，becarefulnottoimitateotherwriters’styles，nottousetheircharacters，andnottousetheirplots.Tobecomeapopularwriter，youshoulddigdeepandworkhardtomakeyourstoryuniqueandinteresting.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，讲述了要成为一名受欢迎的儿童作家，有哪些注意事项，并给出了中肯的建议。16．Intheauthor’sopinion，picturebooksshould.A．bevisuallypleasingandsomewhatparent-friendlyB．havenowordsandmorepicturesC．havemoreinterestingstoriesD．besoldatalowprice【答案】A\n【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“awritershouldfocusmoreonshowinghis/herstorythroughvividandcolorfulpictures.Also，writersmusttakeintoconsiderationtheamountoftimetheaverageparentiswillingtospendreadingtotheirchildren”可知，作为一名作家，应该更多地将逼真、多彩的图片展示在图书里，此外，还应考虑到愿意陪孩子读书的家长们所花费的时间。故选A。17．Accordingtothetext，darkconceptbooks.A．arefullofviolenceB．havemanyheroicimagesC．becomemorepopularthanotheronesD．reflectthelifeofyoungadultsinsomeways【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。由第四段最后两句“Alsosuchcharacterssharethesameexperiencesthatatypical16-20-year-oldhas...advantageof.”可知，darkconceptstories在某种程度上反映了年轻人的生活，故选D。18．Accordingtothelastparagraph，whatmattersmuchtoawriterishis/her.A．writingexperiencesB．creativepowerC．fameinthemarketD．relationshipwithotherwriters【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Tobecomeapopularwriter，youshoulddigdeepandworkhardtomakeyourstoryuniqueandinteresting.”可知，要想成为一名受欢迎的作家，你应该深度挖掘自己的潜力，努力使你的故事具有独特性和趣味性。故选B。19．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．Fewwritersfocusonthetrendsinchildren’sliterature.B．Astoryseriesisnotadvisedtobefinishedatonetime.C．Writersshouldbegoodatwritingvariousbooks.D．Picturebooksareonlyaimedatyoungerchildren.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Focusyourmindonthestorythatyou’vewritteninsteadofthinkingaboutfutureunwrittenstories.Ifthebookispublishedanddoeswellinthe\nmarket，thepublisherwillbeopentoextendingthestoryintoaseries.”可知，你应该把注意力集中在你已经写好了的书上，如果出版的书受欢迎，那么出版商会考虑将这本书做成系列丛书。故选B。20．Whoaretheintendedreadersofthetext?A．Children.B．Parents.C．Publishers.D．Writers.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章内容，主要讲述了在写作儿童书籍时如何进行话题的选择以及人物的设定等，这些内容主要针对写儿童书籍的作家，故选D。