2023版高考英语一轮复习对点冲关训练板块2第3讲形容词转换为名词副词或动词含解析外研版202303311197

第3讲单句语法填空1．Althoughthreedaysisn'tverylong,________(short)oftimeistheleastofhisproblems.shortage　[设空处应填入形容词short的名词形式shortage。]2．Itwasthelackof________(private)thateventuallypersuadedustomoveafterBenwasborn.privacy　[设空处应填入形容词private的名词形式privacy。]3．Thesudden________(weak)inherlegsmadeheralmostfalltotheground.weakness　[设空处应填入形容词weak的名词形式weakness。]4．Notfearingoftheprisonguards'________(cruel),hekeptactiveandbeggednomercyfromthem.cruelty　[设空处应填入形容词cruel的名词形式cruelty。]5．Herassistanceandencouragementweresobeneficialtohispsychologythatheadaptedtohis________(disable)soon.disability　[设空处应填入形容词disable的名词形式disability。]6．Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich________(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.gradually　[设空处应填入形容词gradual的副词形式gradually。]7．Youwill________(automatic)getfreedentaltreatmentifyouareunder18．automatically　[设空处应填入形容词automatic的副词形式automatically。]8．WeareusingdronestofilmtheGreatWall,whichprovidesa________(complete)newandfascinatingperspective.completely　[设空处应填入形容词complete的副词形式completely。]9．More________(surprising),anarrowstreetinBarcelonawastypicalofMediterraneanvillages.surprisingly　[设空处应填入形容词surprising的副词形式surprisingly。]10．Wecan________(large)thereadingroombyknockingthroughbetweenthetwosmallrooms.enlarge　[设空处应填入形容词large的动词形式enlarge。]\n语法填空AKiwisareendangeredlittlebirdsnativetoNewZealand.It1．________(believe)thatthesesmallbirdsexistasaresultofNewZealand'sisolation(隔离)fromtheotherpartsoftheworld,forcinganimalsthere2．________(adapt)andevolve(进化)soastobeabletosurviveandreproduce.Theevolutioniswhathasledtothepresent3．________(appear)ofthekiwibird.KiwisareanationalsymbolofNewZealand,withthenamekiwi4．________(be)associatedwithmanythingsinNewZealandincludingtheirfamousrugbynationalteam.Kiwishaveexcellentmemoriesandcanremembersomethingthat5．________(happen)aslongasfiveyearsback.Eventhoughtheyhavefeathers,theirfeatherslookandfeel6．________(much)likehairratherthanfeathers.Thisenablesthemtobeabletohideinabushandgo7．________(complete)unnoticedbytheirnaturalenemies.Unlikemostbirds,thekiwibirdhasagreatsenseofsmell8．________enablesthemtosniffoutprey(猎物)hiddeninbushesandunderground.Thesmallestkiwibirdhas9．________heightof45centimetersandweightof2kilogramswhilethelargestkiwicangrow10．________50centimeterstallandcanweigh3.5kilograms.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几维鸟的相关信息。几维鸟是新西兰的特有物种，也是新西兰的国鸟及象征。1．isbelieved　[此处是陈述一种客观事实，故应用一般现在时；Itisbelievedthat...表示“据认为……”。故此处应填一般现在时的被动语态isbelieved。]2．toadapt　[force...todosth.表示“强迫……做某事”，为固定用法，故应填不定式形式toadapt。]3．appearance　[此处表示“几维鸟目前的外观”，present在句中为形容词，故此处应填所给词的名词形式appearance。]4．being　[此处是“with＋名词＋分词”结构，由于kiwi与动词短语“beassociatedwith”之间是主动关系，故此处应填所给词的现在分词形式being。]5．happened　[此处表示“五年前发生的事情”，故应用一般过去时，故填happened。]6．more　[句意：“它们的羽毛看上去和摸起来都更像是茸毛而非羽毛”，因此应填所给词的比较级more。]7．completely　[此处是副词修饰过去分词unnoticed，故填completely。]8．that/which　[此处是一个限制性定语从句，先行词是ageatsenseofsmell，指物，\n且引导词在定语从句中作主语。故应填关系代词that或which。]9．a　[haveaheightof...表示“有……高”，故应填不定冠词a。]10．to　[此处表示“最大的几维鸟可以长到五十厘米”，故应填介词to。]BBlackholesaren'tactuallyholes.Theyare11．________(object)thatcontainalotofmasspackedintoatinyarea.Mostblackholesformwhengiantstarsdieandbreakdown.As12．________stardies，thematerialthatit'smade13．________getssqueezedintoasmallerandsmallerspace.Eventuallyitforms14．________iscalledastellar(恒星的)massblackhole.Astronomersestimatethatoneoftheserelativelysmallblackholes15．________(be)borneverysecond.Supermassiveblackholesaremuch16．________(big)，astheirnamesuggests.Insteadofcontainingthemassofonestar，theycancontainthemassofmillionsorbillionsofstars.Scientistsfirstpickedupsignsofblackholesinthelate1700s.Butnoonehadactuallyseenoneuntil17．________(recent)．Becauselightcan'tleaveablackhole，it'snotpossibletoseeonewitharegulartelescope.Butmanyblackholesaresurroundedbyaswirlingringofgasandothermaterial.Thisring，18．________(call)anaccretiondisk(吸积盘)，heatsupandgivesofflight.Scientistscanstudythatlighttolearnaboutblackholes.Inearly2019，scientists19．________(share)thefirstpictureofablackhole.Theymadethispicture20．________(use)avirtualtelescopethatcombinedthepowerofeightobservatoriesaroundtheworld.【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了黑洞的形成和科学家目前对它的了解等。11．objects　[考查名词单复数。句意：它们是在很小的区域包含大量质量的物质。设空处位于系动词are后作表语，分析句子结构可知，空后是由that引导的定语从句，设空处为先行词，应用名词，且根据主语They和空后的contain可知，设空处应用复数形式，故填objects。]12．a　[考查冠词。句意：当一颗恒星死亡时，它的组成物质会被挤压到一个越来越小的空间里。根据句意可知，此处泛指“一颗恒星”，应用不定冠词，且star的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。]13．of　[考查介词。句意见上一题解析。bemadeof为固定搭配，意为“由……制成”，故填of。]14．what　[考查名词性从句。句意：最终它形成了所谓的恒星质量黑洞。设空处位于动词forms后，引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指代物，应用what引导，故填what。]\n15．is　[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：天文学家估计，这些相对较小的黑洞每秒都会有一个诞生。分析句子成分可知，设空处为that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词。由主句的谓语动词estimate可判断，从句是推测客观情况，应用一般现在时；且从句主语oneoftheserelativelysmallblackholes为第三人称单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填is。]16．bigger　[考查形容词的比较等级。句意：顾名思义，超大质量黑洞要大得多。设空处位于系动词are后作表语，应用形容词；且根据句意和空前的much可知，此处应用比较级，故填bigger。]17．recently　[考查词性转换。句意：但直到最近才有人真正看到过黑洞。结合句意可知，此处用作时间状语，表示“最近”，应用副词，故填recently。]18．called　[考查非谓语动词。句意：这个环被称为吸积盘，散发热量和光。本句中已有谓语heatsup和givesoff，且与call之间无连词连接，故call应为非谓语形式作定语，修饰名词Thisring，且call和Thisring之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式，故填called。]19．shared　[考查动词的时态。句意：2019年初，科学家们分享了第一张黑洞照片。分析句子成分可知，设空处为句子的谓语动词；由时间状语Inearly2019可知，这是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填shared。]20．using　[考查非谓语动词。句意：他们用一个结合了世界各地八个天文台力量的虚拟望远镜拍摄了这张照片。本句主句中已有谓语动词made，且use与其之间无连接词，应用非谓语形式作状语，且use与其逻辑主语They之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填using。]