2023高考化学一轮复习章末排查练3常见金属及其化合物含解析鲁科版202303101128

章末排查练(三)　常见金属及其化合物(本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！)1．钠及其重要化合物(1)知识网络构建(2)重要反应必练写出下列反应的化学方程式，是离子反应的写出离子方程式。①Na和H2O的反应________________________________________________________________________；②Na在空气中燃烧________________________________________________________________________；③Na2O2和H2O的反应________________________________________________________________________；④Na2O2和CO2的反应________________________________________________________________________；⑤向NaOH溶液中通入过量CO2________________________________________________________________________；⑥将Na2CO3溶液与石灰乳混合________________________________________________________________________；⑦向Na2CO3稀溶液中通入过量CO2________________________________________________________________________；⑧将NaHCO3溶液和NaOH溶液等物质的量混合________________________________________________________________________；⑨将NaHCO3溶液与澄清石灰水等物质的量混合________________________________________________________________________；⑩将NaHCO3溶液与少量澄清石灰水混合________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________。答案：　①2Na＋2H2O===2Na＋＋2OH－＋H2↑②2Na＋O2Na2O2-4-\n③2Na2O2＋2H2O===4Na＋＋4OH－＋O2↑④2Na2O2＋2CO2===2Na2CO3＋O2⑤OH－＋CO2===HCO⑥CO＋Ca(OH)2===CaCO3↓＋2OH－⑦CO＋CO2＋H2O===2HCO⑧HCO＋OH－===CO＋H2O⑨HCO＋Ca2＋＋OH－===CaCO3↓＋H2O⑩2HCO＋Ca2＋＋2OH－===CaCO3↓＋CO＋2H2O2．铝及其重要化合物(1)知识网络构建(2)重要反应必练写出下列反应的离子方程式。①Al和NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________②Al(OH)3和NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________③Al(OH)3和盐酸的反应________________________________________________________________________④Al2O3和NaOH的反应________________________________________________________________________⑤Al2O3和盐酸的反应________________________________________________________________________⑥Na[Al(OH)4]和过量盐酸的反应________________________________________________________________________⑦向Na[Al(OH)4]溶液中通入过量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________⑧将Na[Al(OH)4]与NaHCO3混合________________________________________________________________________⑨将Na[Al(OH)4]与AlCl3溶液混合-4-\n________________________________________________________________________⑩向AlCl3溶液中加入过量NaOH溶液________________________________________________________________________⑪向AlCl3溶液中加入过量氨水________________________________________________________________________⑫将AlCl3溶液与NaHCO3溶液混合________________________________________________________________________答案：　①2Al＋2OH－＋6H2O===2[Al(OH)4]－＋3H2↑②Al(OH)3＋OH－===[Al(OH)4]－③Al(OH)3＋3H＋===Al3＋＋3H2O④Al2O3＋2OH－＋3H2O===2[Al(OH)4]－⑤Al2O3＋6H＋===2Al3＋＋3H2O⑥[Al(OH)4]－＋4H＋===Al3＋＋4H2O⑦[Al(OH)4]－＋CO2===Al(OH)3↓＋HCO⑧[Al(OH)4]－＋HCO===Al(OH)3↓＋CO＋H2O⑨3[Al(OH)4]－＋Al3＋===4Al(OH)3↓⑩Al3＋＋4OH－===[Al(OH)4]－⑪Al3＋＋3NH3·H2O===Al(OH)3↓＋3NH⑫Al3＋＋3HCO===Al(OH)3↓＋3CO2↑3．铁及其化合物(1)知识网络构建(2)重要反应必练写出下列反应的化学方程式，是离子反应的写出离子方程式。①Fe和过量稀HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________；②Fe高温下和水蒸气的反应________________________________________________________________________；③铝与氧化铁的铝热反应-4-\n________________________________________________________________________；④用赤铁矿冶炼铁的原理________________________________________________________________________；⑤Fe(OH)2长时间露置于空气中________________________________________________________________________；⑥FeO和稀HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________；⑦Fe(OH)3和HI的反应________________________________________________________________________；⑧FeBr2溶液和少量Cl2的反应________________________________________________________________________；⑨FeBr2溶液和等物质的量的Cl2反应________________________________________________________________________；⑩FeBr2溶液和过量Cl2的反应________________________________________________________________________。答案：　①Fe＋4H＋＋NO===Fe3＋＋NO↑＋2H2O②3Fe＋4H2O(g)Fe3O4＋4H2③Fe2O3＋2Al2Fe＋Al2O3④Fe2O3＋3CO2Fe＋3CO2⑤4Fe(OH)2＋O2＋2H2O===4Fe(OH)3⑥3FeO＋10H＋＋NO===3Fe3＋＋NO↑＋5H2O⑦2Fe(OH)3＋6H＋＋2I－===2Fe2＋＋I2＋6H2O⑧2Fe2＋＋Cl2===2Fe3＋＋2Cl－⑨2Fe2＋＋2Br－＋2Cl2===2Fe3＋＋Br2＋4Cl－⑩2Fe2＋＋4Br－＋3Cl2===2Fe3＋＋2Br2＋6Cl－-4-