2023高考化学一轮复习章末排查练4常见非金属及其化合物含解析鲁科版202303101129

章末排查练(四)　常见非金属及其化合物1．碳、硅及其化合物(1)知识网络构建(2)重要反应必练写出下列反应的化学方程式，是离子反应的写离子方程式。①Si和NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________；②SiO2和NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________；③SiO2和C的反应________________________________________________________________________；④SiO2和氢氟酸的反应________________________________________________________________________；⑤向Na2SiO3溶液中通入过量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________；⑥Mg在CO2中燃烧________________________________________________________________________；⑦向澄清石灰水中通入少量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________；⑧向澄清石灰水中通入过量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________；⑨除去CO2中的CO________________________________________________________________________；⑩生产普通玻璃的原理________________________________________________________________________；________________________________________________________________________。答案：　(2)①Si＋2OH－＋H2O===SiO＋2H2↑-6-\n②SiO2＋2OH－===SiO＋H2O③SiO2＋2CSi＋2CO↑④SiO2＋4HF===SiF4↑＋2H2O⑤SiO＋2CO2＋2H2O===H2SiO3↓＋2HCO⑥2Mg＋CO22MgO＋C⑦Ca2＋＋2OH－＋CO2===CaCO3↓＋H2O⑧OH－＋CO2===HCO⑨CO＋CuOCO2＋Cu⑩Na2CO3＋SiO2Na2SiO3＋CO2↑CaCO3＋SiO2CaSiO3＋CO2↑2．氯气及其化合物(1)知识网络构建(2)重要反应必练写出下列反应的化学方程式，是离子反应的写离子方程式。①Cl2和H2O的反应________________________________________________________________________；②Cl2和NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________；③Cl2和石灰乳的反应________________________________________________________________________；④把Cl2通入到Na2SO3溶液中________________________________________________________________________；⑤将Cl2和SO2混合通入H2O中-6-\n________________________________________________________________________；⑥将Cl2通入到氢硫酸溶液中________________________________________________________________________；⑦将浓盐酸和MnO2混合加热________________________________________________________________________；⑧电解饱和食盐水________________________________________________________________________；⑨将浓盐酸与漂白液混合________________________________________________________________________；⑩将浓盐酸与KClO3溶液混合________________________________________________________________________；⑪向KMnO4固体滴加浓盐酸________________________________________________________________________；⑫向漂白粉溶液中通入少量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________。答案：　(2)①Cl2＋H2O⇌H＋＋Cl－＋HClO②Cl2＋2OH－===Cl－＋ClO－＋H2O③Cl2＋Ca(OH)2===Ca2＋＋Cl－＋ClO－＋H2O④Cl2＋SO＋H2O===SO＋2H＋＋2Cl－⑤SO2＋Cl2＋2H2O===4H＋＋2Cl－＋SO⑥Cl2＋H2S===S↓＋2H＋＋2Cl－⑦MnO2＋4H＋＋2Cl－Mn2＋＋Cl2↑＋2H2O⑧2Cl－＋2H2OCl2↑＋H2↑＋2OH－⑨Cl－＋ClO－＋2H＋===Cl2↑＋H2O⑩6H＋＋5Cl－＋ClO===3Cl2↑＋3H2O⑪2MnO＋16H＋＋10Cl－===2Mn2＋＋5Cl2↑＋8H2O⑫Ca2＋＋2ClO－＋CO2＋H2O===CaCO3↓＋2HClO3．硫及其化合物(1)知识网络构建-6-\n(2)重要反应必练写出下列反应的方程式，是离子反应的写离子方程式。①S溶于热的烧碱溶液生成两种钠盐________________________________________________________________________；②把H2S气体通入CuSO4溶液中________________________________________________________________________；③Na2S溶液在空气中放置变浑浊________________________________________________________________________；④铜丝在硫蒸气中燃烧________________________________________________________________________；⑤将SO2气体通入到氢硫酸中________________________________________________________________________；⑥把H2S气体通入到FeCl3溶液中________________________________________________________________________；⑦SO2通入足量的澄清石灰水中________________________________________________________________________；⑧SO2通入溴水中，使溴水褪色________________________________________________________________________；⑨用足量氨水吸收SO2尾气________________________________________________________________________；⑩Cu和浓硫酸的反应________________________________________________________________________；⑪C和浓硫酸的反应________________________________________________________________________；⑫把浓H2SO4滴到Na2SO3固体上________________________________________________________________________。答案：　(2)①3S＋6OH－2S2－＋SO＋3H2O-6-\n②H2S＋Cu2＋===CuS↓＋2H＋③2S2－＋O2＋2H2O===2S↓＋4OH－④2Cu＋SCu2S⑤SO2＋2H2S===3S↓＋2H2O⑥H2S＋2Fe3＋===S↓＋2Fe2＋＋2H＋⑦SO2＋Ca2＋＋2OH－===CaSO3↓＋H2O⑧SO2＋Br2＋2H2O===SO＋2Br－＋4H＋⑨2NH3·H2O＋SO2===2NH＋SO＋H2O⑩Cu＋2H2SO4(浓)CuSO4＋SO2↑＋2H2O⑪C＋2H2SO4(浓)CO2↑＋2SO2↑＋2H2O⑫H2SO4(浓)＋Na2SO3===Na2SO4＋H2O＋SO2↑4．氮及其化合物(1)知识网络构建(2)重要反应必练写出下列反应的方程式，是离子反应的写离子方程式。①N2和H2的反应________________________________________________________________________；②把NH3通入水中________________________________________________________________________；③实验室利用NH4Cl固体、Ca(OH)2固体混合加热制备NH3________________________________________________________________________；④NH3的催化氧化________________________________________________________________________；⑤NH4HCO3溶液中加入过量稀NaOH溶液________________________________________________________________________；⑥NO2溶于水________________________________________________________________________；⑦NO2被烧碱溶液吸收生成两种钠盐-6-\n________________________________________________________________________；⑧物质的量之比为1∶1的NO和NO2混合气体恰好被烧碱溶液吸收生成一种钠盐________________________________________________________________________；⑨Cu和稀HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________；⑩Cu和浓HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________；⑪Fe和过量稀HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________；⑫C和浓HNO3的反应________________________________________________________________________；⑬浓硝酸见光分解(化学方程式)________________________________________________________________________。答案：　①N2＋3H22NH3②NH3＋H2O⇌NH3·H2O⇌NH＋OH－③2NH4Cl＋Ca(OH)22NH3↑＋2H2O＋CaCl2④4NH3＋5O24NO＋6H2O⑤NH＋HCO＋2OH－===NH3·H2O＋CO＋H2O⑥3NO2＋H2O===2H＋＋2NO＋NO⑦2NO2＋2OH－===NO＋NO＋H2O⑧NO＋NO2＋2OH－===2NO＋H2O⑨3Cu＋8H＋＋2NO===3Cu2＋＋2NO↑＋4H2O⑩Cu＋4H＋＋2NO===Cu2＋＋2NO2↑＋2H2O⑪Fe＋4H＋＋NO===Fe3＋＋NO↑＋2H2O⑫C＋4H＋＋4NOCO2↑＋4NO2↑＋2H2O⑬4HNO3(浓)4NO2↑＋O2↑＋2H2O-6-