2023高考英语二轮创新复习题型重组练五练习含解析202303101198

题型重组练(五)(限时30分钟)对应学生用书(单独成册)第150页Ⅰ.阅读理解(2020·武汉学习质量检测)RoyalDutchShellislaunchinga$300millionforestryprogram，atatimewhenanincreasingnumberofoilcompaniesareputtingmoneyincarbonoffset(碳补偿)planstomeetclimategoals.Thecompanywillspendthemoneyoverthenextthreeyearsonprojectstostorecarbon，includinglargeforestsintheNetherlandsandSpain，andwillstartofferingmotoriststheoptionofpurchasingcarbonoffsetswhentheybuypetrolatthepump.TheexecutivesofthecompanyexplainedthatthesecarbonoffsetprojectswereanewbusinessopportunityforShell，aswellasawaytomeetitsclimatetargets.“Webelievethatovertimewewillbebuildingabusiness，becausethesecarboncreditswillbecomemorevaluableascarbonbecomesmorelimited，”theysaid.Shellrecentlydecidedtocutitsnetcarbonfootprint(碳排放量)by2to3percentinfiveyears，whichincludesemissionsfromtheproductsitsells.Thecompanyplanstoproducecarboncreditsfromtheforestryprojects，thensellthesecreditsontocustomersbuyingitsoilandgasproducts，orapplythecreditstoitsownoperationstoloweritscarbonfootprint.Plantsabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrowandrestoringforestsandothernaturalareasisconsideredoneofthesimplestwaystostorecarbon.However，thevoluntarymarketforcarboncreditsbasedonforestryprojectshasitscritics，asprojectsindevelopingcountriescanbehardtomonitor.Shell'smovehasalsobeencriticizedbysomeenvironmentalists.Theyworriedthattherewasariskof“greenwash”whencompaniesinvestedinforestryprojects.“Thereisanentiredebateaboutwhetherforestryprojectstrulyreduceemissionsornot，”theysaid，pointingoutthatplantinginoneareacouldcausedeforestation(滥伐森林)toanother.ShellsaiditwouldrelyonthethirdpartytoensureitsforestryprogramtomeettheVoluntaryCarbonStandardandstrictbiodiversityrequirements.MarkLewis，headofClimateChangeInvestmentResearchatBNPParibas，said，“Plantingtreestooffsetemissions，asfarasitgoes，isastepintherightdirection.”[语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了荷兰皇家壳牌石油公司在接下来的三年时间里，通过资金投入等措施，实施碳补偿计划的相关情况。1．Whatispopularamongoilcompaniesthesedays?A．Studyingclimatechanges.B．Launchingforestryprograms.C．Workingoutcarbonoffsetplans.D．Attractingmotoriststobuytheirpetrol.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“anincreasingnumberofoilcompaniesareputtingmoneyincarbonoffsetplanstomeetclimategoals”可知，越来越多的石油公司把钱投在碳补偿计划上面，以实现气候目标。由此可知，当前制订自己的碳补偿计划在石油公司中盛行。故选C。答案：C2．HowwillShellmakeprofitsfromitscarbonoffsetprojects?A．Byquittingtheemissionsofitsproducts.B．Byreducingitscarbonfootprintbyaquarter.C．Bylimitingtheoilusedbyitsownoperations.D．Byputtingcarboncreditsitproducesonthemarket.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Thecompanyplanstoproducecarboncreditsfromtheforestryprojects，thensellthesecreditsontocustomersbuyingitsoil\nandgasproducts...loweritscarbonfootprint.”可知，壳牌公司计划从林业项目中获得碳信用额，然后将这些信用额转售给购买其石油和天然气产品的客户，或者将这些信用额用于自己的业务，以降低其碳排放量。故选D。答案：D3．Whatconcernssomeenvironmentalistsaboutforestryprojects?A．Theprojectscan'treallystopcarbonemissions.B．Theprojectsarehardtomonitorinpoorcountries.C．Theprojectsmayleadtodeforestationinotherforests.D．Theprojectshaven'tmetstrictbiodiversityrequirements.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“pointingoutthatplantinginoneareacouldcausedeforestationtoanother”可知，环保主义者担心石油公司在一个地方实施林业项目会导致另一个地方滥伐森林。故选C。答案：C4．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“greenwash”inParagraph3mean?A．Discount.　　　　　　B．Cheat.C．Decline.D．Change.解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“asprojectsindevelopingcountriescanbehardtomonitor”“Thereisanentiredebateaboutwhetherforestryprojectstrulyreduceemissionsornot”“pointingoutthat...deforestationtoanother”可知，环保主义者对林业项目是否真的能降低碳排放存在很大的争议，他们担心在一个地方实施林业项目会导致另一个地方滥伐森林。由此可推知，画线词的意思与B项的词义相近。答案：B词汇积累：Para.1：forestryn．林业　motoristn．驾车者Para.2：executiven．管理人员　netadj.净的　sellsth.on转售　operationn．活动，业务　Para.3：restorev．恢复；使复原　Para.4：asfarasitgoes在一定程度上高级句式：However，thevoluntarymarketforcarboncreditsbasedonforestryprojectshasitscritics，asprojectsindevelopingcountriescanbehardtomonitor.(Para.3)分析：basedonforestryprojects作定语修饰carboncredits；as引导原因状语从句。译文：然而，基于林业项目的碳信用自愿市场也受到了批评，因为发展中国家的项目很难被监督。Ⅱ.完形填空(2020·永州三模)AtstationsinLondongoesatraditionthatwarmandinspirationalwordsarewrittenonWhiteBoardsforemotionalsupport.It'sbeen14yearssincecustomerservicesmanagerAnthonyGentleswasinspiredto__1__the“blankfaces”ofcommuters(往返上班者)withadailydose(剂量)of__2__fromhisfavoritebook，TaoTeChing，thekeytextintheancientChinesephilosophicaltraditionofTaoism.This__3__ofwritingameaningfulsentenceontheboardisnamedThoughtoftheDay.Atthebeginningof2018，ontheboardwas“Ajourneyofathousandmustbeginwithasingle__4__．”“Ifit's__5__forme，perhapswhenpassengersseeit，itwillallowthemto__6__foramomentandcoulddistractthemfromwhateverwas__7__theirmind，”Mr.Gentlessaid.OfferinguppearlsofwisdomfromChinawashiswayof__8__tomakepeoplefeelmore__9__astheyusedtheunderground.Mr.Gentles__10__howonemanwanderedaboutontheplatformfor20minutesbeforeheadingbacktotheatrium(中厅)topronouncethathe'd__11__“whatthethoughtwas__12__tome.”Intheyear2007，Gentles__13__thejobovertohiscolleagueGlenSutherlandandeversincethenMr.Sutherlandhaswrittenover3，000sentencesonthe__14__．Hehastaughthimselfcalligraphysoasto__15__clearhandwritingonit.ThoughtoftheDayatOvalStationoftheLondonsubwayhaswonworldwideattention\nandSutherland__16__astoryontheTwitteraccountofthestation.Mr.Sutherland__17__aquotebyMirthaLegrand，afamousactressandtelevisionpresenterintheSouthAmericancountryattherequestofanArgentinefamily.Buthehadn't__18__itwasspokenhighlyofbythepresenterinherprogram.HetoldBBC，“Ifit'shelpingpeople，andgivingpeople__19__feelings，thenit'sgood.ButI'mreally__20__about20，000followersonTwitterforThoughtoftheDay—Ican'tgetmyheadaroundit.”[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了伦敦地铁站“每日金句”竟然源自我国古代的老子的《道德经》，文中主要描述了这一做法的由来和进展情况。1．A.turndown　　　　　B．driveawayC．lightupD．bringabout解析：lightupone'sface的意思是“让人开心”。答案：C2．A.comfortB．optimismC．happinessD．wisdom解析：此项与第二段中的wisdom相呼应。答案：D3．A.practiceB．skillC．hobbyD．behavior解析：practice在这里是“做法”的意思。答案：A4．A.experienceB．actionC．stepD．thought解析：step和journey的相关度最大。这句话的意思是“千里之行，始于足下”。答案：C5．A.comfortableB．inspirationalC．ambiguousD．relevant解析：这句话的意思是“如果这句话能给我灵感，那么也许旅客们看到它也会放下心中烦事驻足思考”。答案：B6．A.standB．wonderC．stopD．relax解析：stopforamoment在这里的意思是“驻足片刻”。答案：C7．A.passingbyB．goingthroughC．gettingacrossD．runningfor解析：“whateverwasgoingthroughtheirmind”在这里的意思是“心中烦事”。答案：B8．A.tryingB．askingC．requiringD．desiring解析：try一词在这里表示行为目的。答案：A9．A.guiltyB．enthusiasticC．anxiousD．welcome解析：根据上下文语境可知，这里应该选一个意义正向的词，welcome在这里理解为让人们感到“宾至如归”。答案：D10．A.recallsB．understandsC．explainsD．analyses解析：下文是Mr.Gentles回想起来的一件事儿，所以这里选recalls。答案：A\n11．A.takeninB．madeupC．workedoutD．keptoff解析：这里讲的是那个人在明白“每日金句”中那句话的意思时兴奋的心情。workout在这里是“想出来”的意思。答案：C12．A.sayingB．emphasizingC．exhibitingD．promising解析：“whatthethoughtwassayingtome”在这里的意思是“那句话的意思”。答案：A13．A.tookB．passedC．broughtD．sent解析：“passthejobovertohiscolleagueGlenSutherland”的意思是“把这份差事传给了他的同事。”答案：B14．A.trainB．postC．boardD．wall解析：该选项与第一段中的board一词呼应。答案：C15．A.admireB．appreciateC．imitateD．provide解析：GlenSutherland学习书法是为了把漂亮的字呈现给旅客，选项中只有provide可表达此意。答案：D16．A.inventedB．downloadedC．updatedD．shared解析：下文是GlenSutherland讲述的一件事儿。shareastory的意思是“分享一个故事”，即讲故事之意。答案：D17．A.showedoffB．putupC．gaveupD．turneddown解析：putup的意思是张贴，这里是“写上去”的意思。答案：B18．A.expectedB．believedC．doubtedD．declared解析：hadn'texpected在这里是“没想到”的意思。答案：A19．A.disturbingB．amusingC．awkwardD．pleasant解析：GlenSutherland的意思是：只要人们觉得好就行，自己本来没有想要出名。答案：D20．A.certainB．confusedC．concernedD．skeptical解析：该选项与下文中的“Ican'tgetmyheadaroundit”相呼应，表示自己也不知道为什么能赢得那么多粉丝。答案：BⅢ.语法填空(2020·山东省青岛市第三次模考)Chinahasdecided1.____________(donate)another$30milliontotheWorldHealthOrganizationforcontainingCOVID19andsupportingdevelopingcountriesinimprovingtheirhealthsystems.Theworldisatacrucialstageinfightingthepandemic，andsupportfortheWHOmeans2.________(defend)multilateralismandupholdingtheauthorityoftheUnited\nNations，saidGengShuang，theFormerSpokesmanoftheForeignMinistry，3.____________madetheannouncementonThursday.Chinapreviouslydonated$20milliontotheWHOfortacklingthevirus.China'sdonation4.____________(show)thesupporttheChinesegovernmentandpeoplehavefortheWHO，aswellastheirtrustinthe5.____________(organize)，Gengsaidatadailynewsconference.Sincetheoutbreakstarted，theWHO6.__________(carry)outitsduty，adheringtoanobjective，fairandscientificposition，andhasplayedanimportantpartincoordinatingefforts7.____________countriesandpromotinginternationalcooperationtocontrolthepandemic，Gengsaid.8．____________decisioncameinlessthantwoweeksaftertheUSannounceditwould9.____________(temporary)stopfundingtheWHO，whilemanyothercountrieshavevoicedtheirsupportfortheorganization.Workinginunityistheonlywaytheinternationalcommunitycanovercomethevirus，hereiterated，addingthatChinahopestocooperatewithall10.____________(party)inthisfight，andcontributetothebuildingofacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind.[语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了中国向世界卫生组织追加3000万美元的捐款用于抗疫。1．解析：考查非谓语动词。设空前的decide后应该用不定式，属于固定用法。故填todonate。答案：todonate2．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知设空处前的mean表示“意味着”，因此后面应该用ing形式，若表示“打算、意欲”之意则用动词不定式形式。故填defending。答案：defending3．解析：考查定语从句的引导词。这是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的人物(耿爽)，又因made缺少主语，故填who；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。答案：who4．解析：考查动词的时态。根据语境，上一句表达的是以前的捐赠，本句表达的是目前的情况，另外本句的have也是用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数形式且主语与谓语之间是主谓关系。故填shows。答案：shows5．解析：考查词性转换。根据前面的inthe可知，此处应该用名词形式，再据前面的WHO(世界卫生组织)。故填organization。答案：organization6．解析：考查动词的时态。根据sincetheoutbreakstarted可知，主句应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，且主语与谓语之间是主谓关系。故填hascarried或hasbeencarrying。答案：hascarried/hasbeencarrying7．解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处是指国家之间的。故填among。答案：among8．解析：考查冠词。根据第一段第一句中的decided可知，这里的decision是特指的。故填The。答案：The9．解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词stop，应用副词形式。故填temporarily。答案：temporarily10．解析：考查名词的单复数。设空前的all，说明后面应该用party的复数形式。故填parties。答案：parties