【创新设计】（全国通用）2023高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 专题三 第2课时 完形填空类语法填空题练习

专题三第2课时完形填空类语法填空题题组一　体验真题Passage1阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)__1__(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven__2__mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir__3__(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout__4__(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat__5__(slow)duringcoolnights，thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough__6__(cool)thehouseduringthehotday：__7__thesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle__8__(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As__9__(nature)architects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly__10__thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.【语篇解读】　相比现代化的建筑，简陋的土坯房可谓丑陋不堪。但当代的建筑师却对其情有独钟。短文主要介绍了土坯房能够调节温度的原理。1.built　[考查过去分词短语作后置定语。主语dwellings与动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。又由by一词的暗示也可知用表示被动意义的过去分词。]2.the　[考查定冠词的用法。空格之后为形容词的最高级形式，故填定冠词。]3.ability　[考查形容词与名词的转换。形容词性物主代词their之后应当用名词，故将able转化为其名词形式。]4.using　[考查介词的用法。介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。]5.slowly　[考查副词的用法。由土坯制成的墙壁在炎热的白天吸收太阳的热量并在凉爽的夜间慢慢将热量释放出来。修饰谓语动词giveout，因此要用副词形式。]6.tocool　[考查固定句式的用法。“形容词＋enough＋动词不定式”为一常用句式。]7.at　[考查固定短语的用法。atthesametime意为“同时”，是一个常用介词短语。]8.goes　[考查动词的时态。这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了土坯房冬暖夏凉的原\n理，故用一般现在时态。]9.natural　[考查形容词的用法。修饰名词architects，故要用形容词形式。]10.how　[考查宾语从句的连接词用法。分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。所以答案为how。]Passage2阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2014·辽宁卷)Jonny：Hey！I'mjustpracticingTaiChi(太极).Wouldyouliketojoinme?Peter：Iknownothingaboutit.Isitdifficult?Jonny：Itseemseasy，butyouneedalotofpractice.Youjustfollowmelikethis.Peter：OK.Don'tlaugh__1__me.Imaylookfunny.Jonny：Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches，naturallyand__2__(soft).Trytokeepyourbodystraight.Moveslowly，thenbesuretokeepyourbalanceanddon'tletyourbodyshake.Peter：Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome__3__(pain).Jonny：Keep__4__(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.Raiseyourlegandlet__5__stayintheairforseconds.Peter：Ifeelmylegsshaking.Icannotdothisanylonger.Jonny：Bepatient！TaiChi__6__(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater：tobeflexibleaswell__7__strong.Inrealcompetition，aTaiChimasterborrowsthestrengthofthecompetitorandusesthisenergytofightback.The__8__(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh...，__9__youdon'tmind，I'llstopandtakeadeep__10__.【语篇解读】　本文是两人关于太极的对话。1.at　[考查固定搭配。laughat嘲笑。]\n2.softly　[考查and连接两个并列成分，因为前面是naturally，因此后面用副词形式。]3.painful　[我的腿疼了。放在become后面的应该是形容词。pain为名词或者动词。]4.holding　[keepdoingsth保持、继续做某事，固定搭配。]5.it　[此处的it代替上文的yourleg。]6.iscalled　[考查语态。太极在英语中被叫做“shadowboxing”。]7.as　[固定搭配aswellas。]8.harder　[此处考查the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……结构。]9.if　[考查句子关系。句意：如果你不介意的话，我停下来做个深呼吸。]10.breath　[考查固定搭配。takeadeepbreath深呼吸。]Passage3阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(2014·广东卷)Lastyear，mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid__1__wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent，wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame，wewereready.Afterourplanelanded，wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths__2__(early)，butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We__3__(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek，__4__fortheweekafter.Ididn'tunderstand__5__thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged__6__thereservation.What'sworse，thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo，themanagercameout.Shewas__7__(surprise)helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon__8__topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroom，andweweren'tchargedextra.Thenextday，mybrotherandIwenttothebeach__9__wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle__10__(sunburn)，butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.\n【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，记述了我和我兄弟去Miami(迈阿密)旅游，当到达目的地后，来到六个月前订的宾馆，却意外被告知订的房间是下个星期的，且该宾馆房间已订满。正当不知如何办时，经理出来了，将他们安排在留出来的VIP房间，且不另外收他们的钱，真是喜出望外的事。1.it　[在said后的宾语从句中缺主语，应填代词；指代前句中的Miami这个地方，应用it。]2.earlier　[在句中作状语，依然用副词；不变词性，因为是较早做的事，所以用比较级。]3.weretold　[由句意可知，是“我们被告知”，由上下文的时态可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。]4.but　[根据上下句意，意为“不是为那个星期订的，而是为后一个星期所订的”，为not...but...结构。]5.why　[意为“我不知道为什么会发生这样的事”，故用why引导宾语从句。]6.for　[charge...for...是习惯搭配。]7.surprisingly　[因本句已有作表语的形容词helpful，所以应当用副词来修饰形容词helpful，指“令人惊讶地，意外地”，故填surprisingly。]8.the　[特指“在顶楼”。]9.where　[先行词是地点thebeach，且在定语从句中作状语，故填where(＝onwhich＝andonthebeach＝andthere)。]10.sunburnt/sunburned　[在表示“变化”的got后作表语，要用形容词；sunburn是名词，其形容词形式是sunburnt或sunburned。]题组二　尝试模拟Passage1阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2015·云南省高三统一检测)Tom：HaveyouheardthelocalnewspaperTheTimesisclosingdowninthreemonths'time?Mary：Thenthat'sgoodnews.Thatnewspaperisterrible.Iwon'tmissit.Tom：__1__doyoumean？TheTimesisthebestnewspaperinthecity.Ifthat__2__(close)down，we'llonlyhaveThePioneerandTheCityJournal，whichistoobad.Mary：YouonlylikeTheTimes__3__ittakesupto20pageseverydaywith\nsports.TheCityJournalisagreatpaper.Andyoudon'tlikeitbecauseitdevoteslessthan5pageseveryday__4__baseballresults.Tom：Thisisabaseballcity.We'vegotagreatteam.Whyshouldn'twereadaboutit？Wherearewegoingtogettheresultsnow?Mary：Ithinkanewspaperneedstomeetallthe__5__(need)ofitsreaders，notjustthatofthose__6__likesports.Tom：ThenwhatabouttheJobSectioninTheTimes？Thatwasoneofthemost__7__(use)partsofit.Everybusiness，everystoreinthecityknowsiftheywanttogetsomeone__8__(work)forthem，theyhavetoputsomeadsinTheTimes.Howareallthesepeoplegoingtogetworknow？Thiswill__9__(absolute)destroythelocaleconomy.Mary：Destroythelocaleconomy，willit？IadmittheJobSectionwasprettygoodinTheTimes，__10__eitheroneoftheothertwonewspaperswilljustgettheadsinstead.That'showthingswork.【语篇解读】　本文为一则对话。双方就《泰晤士报》该不该停刊展开讨论。1.What　[Whatdoyoumean？意为“你是什么意思？”，为固定句型。]2.closes/isclosed　[close表示“停业；关闭；倒闭”之意时，既可以作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。]3.because　[下文Andyoudon'tlikeitbecause...给出了提示。]4.to　[devotesthtosth是固定短语，意为“把……用于……”。]5.needs　[tomeetalltheneedsofitsreaders意为“满足所有读者的需求”。need作名词，表示“需要的事物”时，是可数名词，且常用复数。]6.who　[who引导定语从句修饰先行词those(指人)。]7.useful　[形容词修饰名词，故应说themostusefulpartsofit。]8.towork　[表示“让某人做某事”应说getsbtodosth，故应使用towork作get的宾语补足语。]9.absolutely　[副词修饰动词。]10.but　[上下文之间存在转折关系，故用but连接并列句。]Passage2阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。\n(2015·呼和浩特市高三一模)Ineveryschoola“top”crowdsetsthepace，whiletheothersfollowtheirlead.Let'ssaythetopcrowddecidesthatitissmarttowearbrightredsweaters.Prettysooneverybodyiswearing__1__brightredsweater.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat，__2__thefactthatonsomepeopleabrightredsweateris__3__(extreme)unbecoming(不得体的).Thesituationcanevenbecomedangerous，ifthetopcrowddecidesthatitissmarttodrinkortodrivecarsatseventymilesanhour.Thenthepeople__4__(follow)theleadareendangeringtheirlives.Theyarelikethesheep__5__(lead)tothebutcher.Now，chancesare__6__youhavecomeacrosssituationslikethesemorethanonceinlife；yourchancesarethatonetimeor__7__youprobablydidsomethingyouknewtobewrong.Youmayhaveexcusedyourselfbysaying，“Gee，thecrowddoesit.”Well，letthecrowddoit，butdon'tdoityourself.Learntosay，“No.”Developyourownstandardsandyourownjudgment.__8__youknowthecrowdisplanningsomethingyou__9__(agree)with，havethecouragetobowout(退出)politely.You'llhavethe__10__(satisfy)ofstandingonyourowntwofeet.【语篇解读】　每个学校都会有起领头作用的群体，其他的人会跟风。但是有时候人们跟风做的事是错误的，甚至很危险，因此我们必须学会说“不”。要树立自己的标准，有自己的判断。1.a　[此处泛指“一件亮红色的毛衣”，故用不定冠词。]2.except/but　[根据下文“一些人不适合穿亮红色的毛衣”，可知此处表达“除了……”。]3.extremely　[此处修饰形容词unbecoming，应该用副词。]4.following　[people和follow之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。]5.beingled　[thesheep和lead之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；由前句的时态可知此处应为现在进行时。故此处应为现在进行时态的被动语态。]6.that　[根据句子结构可知空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分并且意思完整，所以引导词用that。]7.another　[(at)onetimeoranother意为“曾经”，为固定短语。]8.If　[根据句意和句子结构可知空后为条件状语从句，故用if。]9.disagree　[由下文havethecouragetobowoutpolitely可知，此处应表达“不同意；反对”。]\n10.satisfaction　[the后of前接名词，所以用satisfaction。]Passage3阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2015·吉林省实验中学高三一模)IwasinthelineatMcdonald's.Iwasgoingtowalktoordermyfood__1__Inoticedayoungman，whowasnothavingthebestofluckanditshowedonhisface.Hewalkedincarryinghis__2__(belong)inatornplasticbag.Imovedoversohecouldorder.Helookedattheboard，checkedhispocketsanddidn'tseemtohaveenoughforanything.So，heturnedaroundandwalkedout.Ipickedupmycoffeeandfollowed__3__out.He__4__(go)maybefivepaceswhenIshouted，“Hey！Doyouwantapizza？”Alittle__5__(embarrass)，hesaid，“Idon'thaveanymoney.”Itoldhim__6__(come)onbackin.WeapproachedthecashierandIsaid，“Whatkinddoyouwant？”He__7__(whisper)，“Sandwich.”Isaid，“Goahead.Tellherwhatyouwant.”“BeefSandwich，”hesaid.Thecashierlookedatmeandsaid，“Isthatit？”Ilookedathim.“Doyouwantanything__8__？”“CanIhaveacoffee？”heaskedme.Isaid，“Yes.Tellher.”Hedid.Thetotalcameto$2.30，whichissmallchange__9__(compare)towhatthetypicalpersonspendsinaday.Buttohim，it__10__(make)agreatdifference.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了“我”在麦当劳碰到一位没钱买食物的年轻人，“我”帮他付了餐费，尽管很少，但是对他却意义重大。1.when　[考查时间状语从句。当“我”注意到一位年轻人不太走运时，“我”正要点餐。故空格处意为“当……时候”。故用when。]2.belongings　[考查词性的转变。根据空格前的“his”可知，空格处为名词，意为“他的所有物”，应用belong的名词形式，即belongings。指某人的财物，belonging用复数形式。]3.him　[考查人称代词。句意：我拿起我的咖啡，跟着他走了出去。根据上文中的“he”可知，空格处用其宾格形式。故用him。]4.hadgone　[考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“maybefivepaceswhenI\nshouted”可知，空格处动作发生在“我”喊他之前，所以是发生在比过去更早的动作，应用过去完成时。故用hadgone。]5.embarrassed　[考查词性的转变。“alittle”修饰形容词，故空格处为embarrass的形容词形式；根据主语“he”可知，空格处形容人的状态。故用embarrassed。]6.tocome　[考查固定搭配。tellsb.todosth.为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人做某事”。故用tocome。]7.whispered　[考查动词的时态。根据上文可知，整篇文章陈述的都是过去的事，此处也应是发生在过去，用一般过去时。句意：他低声说：“三明治”。故用whispered。]8.else/more　[考查代词用法。句意：你还需要其他东西吗？或你还需要更多东西吗？故空格处意为“其他”或“更多”。故用else/more。]9.compared　[考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空格处作前面名词“change”的后置定语，change和compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。故用compared。]10.made/musthavemade　[考查动词的时态或情态动词表推测。根据上文可知，该处叙述的是过去发生的事，故用一般过去时。故填made；也可以将该句看作是对过去情况的肯定的推测。故也可以填musthavemade。]Passage4阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2015·兰州市高三一模)Justuptheroadfrommyhomeisafield，withtwohorsesinit.Fromadistance，eachhorselookslikeanyotherhorse.Butifyougeta__1__(close)lookyouwillnoticeoneofthemisblind.Insteadofabandoninghim，hisownerhasmadehimasafeandcomfortablebarntolivein.Andifyoustandnearbyandlisten，youwillhearthesoundofabell__2__(come)from__3__smallerhorse.Attachedto__4__(it)halterisasmall，copper－coloredbellassistingtheblindfriendtofollowhim.__5__youwatchthem，you'llfindthehorsewiththebellalwayscheckingontheblindone，andthattheblindhorsewilllistenforthebellandthenslowlywalkto__6__theotheroneis，trustinghewillnot__7__(lead)astray.Whenthehorsewiththebellreturnstothebarneachevening，hewillstop__8__(frequent)tolookback，makingsurethatthe__9__isn'ttoofarbehindtohearthebell.Lifedoesnotthrowusawayjustbecausewearenotperfectorbecausewehaveproblemsorchallenges.Sometimeswearetheblindhorsebeingguidedbythelittle\nringingbellofouracquaintances；__10__othertimeswearetheguidehorse，whohelpsotherstofindtheirway.1.closer　[形容词比较级，getacloserlook指“近距离地看一看”。]2.coming　[thesound与comefrom是主动关系，用现在分词作补语。hear...doing...“听见……正在做……”。]3.the　[此处应填定冠词，表示特指“比较小的那匹马”。]4.its　[形容词性物主代词作定语。]5.As/When　[指“当……时”。]6.where　[where在宾语从句中作地点状语。]7.beled　[he与lead之间为被动关系，leadastray“引入歧途”。]8.frequently　[修饰动词stop应用副词形式。]9.other　[指“两匹马中的另一匹”。]10.at　[atothertimes“在其他时候”，为固定搭配。]Passage5阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2015·济南市高三一模)Afewmonthsagowestartedablog__1__(call)“ConfessionsofanEnglishLearner”.Thisblogis__2__youtoshareyourstoriesaboutlanguagemisunderstandings.Manyofyouprovidedadviceabout__3__youlearnedEnglish.Thankstoeveryonewho__4__(join)thediscussionontheblogsofar.Onewebvisitordescribedhis__5__(difficult)withtwoEnglishlanguagewords__6__soundsimilarbutareverydifferentinmeaning.MoiseswrotefromhishomeinElSalvador.HedescribedamistakehemadeonhisfirstvisittotheUnitedStates.Atthetime，Moiseswasworkingonacruiseship.Itwashissecondday.Hewasorganizingsomeofhis__7__(belong)whenaco－workercameintotheroomtheyweresharing.Theco－workerasked，“Hey，myfriend，doyouwantsoap？”Moiseswrotethathewassurprisedbythequestionandexcited__8__(use)hisEnglish.Heanswered，“No，thanks.Iamnothungry.”Well，everyoneintheroomstartedlaughingandMoisesdidnotunderstandthejoke.__9__(he)newfriendsthenexplainedthat“soap”issomethingyouusetowashyourself.“Soup”iswhatyoueat.\nMoisessaidthisincidenthappenedtenyearsago.Headded，“DoyouimaginethatIam__10__Englishteachernow？”【语篇解读】　在你的生活中，有关于初学英语的趣事吗？作者和他人开通了一个关于英语初学者的博客，本文就介绍了其中的一则趣事。1.called　[考查非谓语动词。blog和call为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。]2.for　[考查介词。所填词表示服务的对象，故用介词for。]3.how　[考查宾语从句的引导词。所填词引导介词后的宾语从句，且从句意义上缺少方式状语，故填how。]4.hasjoined　[考查时态。由时间状语sofar可知，此处表示到目前为止已经完成的动作，故用现在完成时。]5.difficulty　[考查词性转换。由前面的形容词性物主代词his可知，此处应用名词形式。]6.that/which　[考查关系代词。所填词引导定语从句，修饰words，并在从句中作主语，故填that或which。]7.belongings　[考查词性转换。由空前的someof可知，此处应填belong的名词复数形式belongings，意为“所有物；行李”。]8.touse　[考查非谓语动词。beexcitedtodosth意为“做某事很兴奋”，不定式作原因状语。]9.His　[考查代词。所填词在句中修饰newfriends，表示“他的”，故填his。]10.an　[考查不定冠词。此处表示“一位英语老师”，且English的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。]Passage6阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2015·威海市高三联考)AyoungtravelerwasexploringtheAlps.Hecameuponavaststretchofbarrenland.Itwasdesolate(荒凉的).Itwasthekindofplaceyouhurryawayfrom.Then，__1__(sudden)，theyoungtravelerstoppeddeadinhistracks.Inthemiddleofthisvastwastelandwasabent－overoldman.__2__hisbackwasasackofacorn(橡子).Inhishandwasafour－foot__3__(long)ofironpipe.Theoldmanwasusingtheironpipetopunchholesintheground.Thenfromthe\nsackhewouldtakeanacornandputitinthehole.Latertheoldmantoldthetraveler，“I'veplanted100，000acorns.Perhapsonlyonetenthofthem__4__(grow).”Theoldman'swifeandsonhaddied，andthiswashowhe__5__(choose)tospendhisfinalyears.“Iwanttodosomethinguseful，”hesaid.Twenty－fiveyearslaterthenow－not－as－youngtravelerreturnedtothesameplace.Whathesaw__6__(amaze)him.Hecouldnotbelievehis__7__eyes.Thelandwascoveredwith__8__beautifulforesttwomileswide__9__fivemileslong.Birdsweresinging，animalswereplaying，andwildflowersperfumedtheair.Thetravelerstoodthere__10__(recall)thedesolationthatoncewas；abeautifuloakforeststoodtherenow—allbecausesomeonecared.【语篇解读】　经过一位老人25年如一日的呵护，一片不毛之地被改造成了一片美丽的橡树林。1.suddenly　[考查词性转换。修饰整句话，作状语，用副词形式。]2.On　[考查介词。表示“在某人的背上”，用介词on。]3.length　[考查词性转换。一个四英尺长的铁管子，应用名词形式。]4.willgrow　[考查时态。已经种了100000棵树。估计有1/10能成活，这是对未来前景的展望，所以用将来时。]5.chose　[考查时态。由全文的主体时态可知，本题用一般过去时。]6.amazed　[考查句子结构。分析句子可知，句中Whathesaw作主语，句子缺少谓语，故填amazed。]7.own　[考查形容词。句意：他简直不相信他自己的眼睛。]8.a　[考查不定冠词。这里指的是一片树林，表泛指，用不定冠词。]9.and　[考查连词。长和宽是并列关系，所以用and。]10.recalling　[考查非谓语动词。作谓语动词stood的伴随状语，表示主语的状态，且recall与主语thetraveler之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。]