【最高考】2023高考英语语法精讲精练 专题七 情态动词和虚拟语气常考点

专题七　情态动词和虚拟语气常考点近两年考查情态动词和虚拟语气的频率呈上升趋势。从整体上把握情态动词的语法特征和语义特征，能够准确理解不同情态动词的细微差异，认真区别具有相同功能、意思相近的情态动词的用法，在真实的交际情景中印证和领悟情态动词的用法和特征。　　情态动词所表示的多种含义1.can和could的用法①表示能力。如：Icanrunfast.②表示客观可能性。如：Anexperienceddrivercanhaveanaccidentattimes.③表示请求和允许。用could语气更委婉。如：—Can/CouldIgonow?—Yes，youcan.④表示猜测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用于否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)。如：Canthisbetrue?Howcanyoubesocareless!Thiscannotbedonebyhim.2.may和might的用法①表示许可。如：Youmaydrivethecar.—May/MightIuseyourpen?—No，youmustn't.②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：Mayyousucceed!③表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。表推测的might并不是指过去时间，而表示比may把握性略小些。如：Hemaybeverybusynow.④用于表示目的或让步状语从句中。如：Nomatterwhatdifficultiesyoumaycomeacross，youshouldn'tgiveup.3.will和would的用法①用于各种人称，表示“意志”“意愿”“决心”等。如：Itoldhertostopcrying，butshejustwouldnotlisten.②用于第二人称的疑问句，表示说话人向对方提出请求。用would比用will语气更客气。如：Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen?③表示真理或习惯，意为“惯于，总是”。如：Shewilllistentomusicaloneinherroomforhours.Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.4.should的用法\n①表示现在或将来的责任或义务，意为“应该，应当”，这时它可以和oughtto，besupposedto互换使用。如：Youshould(＝aresupposedto)completeyourtestintime.②表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常意为“可能；总该……吧”，相当于beexpectedto。如：Theyshouldbehomebynow，Ithink.③用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。如：Ishouldthinkitwouldbebettertotryitagain.④用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，意为“万一”，这时也可将should置于从句之首，即将should放在主语前面，而省略从属连词if，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：ShouldI(＝IfIshould)befreetomorrowIwillcome.⑤用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以why，who，how等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常意为“竟会，居然”。如：Agentlemanlikehimshouldberudetoalady!⑥用于虚拟语气句中(略)。5.oughtto的用法表示应该、推测，相当于should。如：Yououghttotakecareofhim.6.shall的用法①用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”“警告，威胁，强制”“法令条文规则”和“允诺”等意思。如：YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(表允诺)②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。如：Shallwegooutforawalk?Whereshallhewaitforus?7.must的用法①表示义务、意图或建议，意为“必须，应该，禁止(用于否定句中)”。如：Youmustgoandseethatfilm—you'dreallyenjoyit.②表示推测，意为“必定，一定”。[注]must表示推测时的否定式是can't或couldn't(不可能)。　③表示主张，意为“硬要，一定要”。如：Ifyoumustgo，atleastwaittilltherainstops.④表示与说话人愿望相反，意为“偏要”。如：Themachinemustbreakdownatthisbusyhour.8.need和dare的用法①need作“必要”讲时，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中。②dare作为情态动词时，仅用在疑问句、否定句和条件从句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可接带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：Hedarestogotherealone.Heneedstogotherealone.Shedoesn'tdare(to)askherfather.Shedoesn'tneedtoaskherfather.\nHedaren'tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd，darehe?9.usedto的用法usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式。疑问句·Didyouusetogotothesameschoolasyourbrother?·Usedyoutogotothesameschoolasyourbrother？否定句·Iusedn'ttogothere.·Ididn'tusetogothere.否定疑问句·Usen'tyoutobeinterestedinthetheatre?·Didn'tyouusetobeinterestedinthetheatre？其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：Sheusedtobeveryfat，didn'tshe？(正式)/use(d)n'tshe?(口语)—Usedyoutogetupearlyinthemorning?—Yes，Idid(正式)．/Yes，Iusedto.(口语)10.wouldrather(not)do　宁愿(不)做11.hadbetter(not)do　最好(不)做①I________oftengofishingwhenIlivedinthecountryside.A.shouldB.wouldC.couldD.might②I'vedecidedtotakethejobandI________changemymind.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.won'tD.maynot③“Whateveryouwant，you________haveitonconditionthatyougetthebestresult，”saidtheboss.A.wouldB.oughttoC.shallD.could④—Why________youstayinthecountryside，whereit'snotconvenienttogoshopping?—ButI'vefounditrathervaluableformyhealth.A.canB.mustC.mayD.shall⑤—Ipromiseherdaughter________getanicepresentonherbirthday.—Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.shall⑥Shejustcouldn'tbelievethatherhusband，towhomshehadbeenloyalforsomanyyears，________desertherafterhebecamerich.A.mightB.shouldC.shallD.must⑦—AMr.Smithiswaitingoutsidefortheappointmentwithyou.________hecomein?—Yes，pleaselethimin.\nA.ShallB.MayC.WillD.Need⑧Heisalwaysontimeforwork.How________itbethathewaslateyesterday?A.canB.mightC.mayD.must⑨—Lucydoesn'tmindlendingyouherdictionary.—She________.I'vealreadyborrowedone.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't【答案】①B　②C　③C　④B　⑤D　⑥B　⑦A　⑧A　⑨C　　表示“推测”的情态动词肯定句中用must，may，might，could，当表示理论上的可能性时也可用can；否定句中用can，may，might，could；疑问句中用can，could。用适当的情态动词填空：①________hebeapoliceman?②He________beapoliceman，butIamnotsure.③He________beapoliceman，forheissoshort.④He________beapoliceman，forheisstrongandbrave.【答案】①Can　②may/might/could　③can't　④must　　情态动词的完成式①musthavedone表示一定做了某事，只用于肯定句中。如：Hemusthavebeenabraveboytenyearsago.②can/couldhavedone用于否定句和疑问句中表示推测。③couldhavedone用于肯定句中表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：Icouldhavecomeontime，butmycarbrokeontheway.④may/mighthavedone表示可能做了某事，用于肯定句和否定句(意为“可能不”)中。⑤mighthavedone也可以表示本可以做而事实上未做到，含有委婉批评或遗憾之意。如：Shemighthavedonebetterthanthat.⑥should(not)havedone＝ought(not)tohavedone表示本应该做但没做或本不应该做但做了，含有责备或悔意。如：Ioughtn'ttohavescoldedherforsuchasmallthing.A.表示“(估计)应该已经……”“大概已经……”，即对过去情况的推测。如：Theyleftatnine，sotheyshouldhavearrived(＝probablyhavearrived)home\nbynow.B.表示“竟然已经……”“居然已经……”，即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到惊奇、惊喜、怀疑。如：I'msurprisedthatheshouldhavebeensofoolish.⑦needn'thavedone表示本没必要做某事而实际上做了；didn'tneedtodo表示本没必要做而实际上也未做。如：Youneedn'thavewalkedsoquicklysincetimewasenough.⑧wouldhavedone用在虚拟语气句中，表示与过去事实相反。如：Ifhehadtoldmethetruth，Iwouldhavegonethere.⑨wouldlike/lovetohavedone表示本打算做某事而实际上未做。如：Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle，butIwasverybusythen.⑩hadbetterhavedone表示本来最好做某事而实际上未做。如：Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier，butyoudidn't.wouldratherhavedone表示当时宁愿做了或没做。如：Iwouldratherhaverefusedhisoffer.用适当的情态动词填空：①Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You________nothaveleftwithoutaword.②Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball，otherwisehe________havescoredagoal.③You________nothaveseenhiminthestreetyesterday，forhehasbeentoJapan.【答案】①should　②would/could/might　③can/could　　一般疑问句中几个情态动词的提问和回答情态动词的回答要根据具体的句意来判断。完成下列句子：①—NeedIgotherenow?—Yes，you________．—No，you________．②—MustIdomyhomework?—Yes，you________．—No，you________．③—May/MightIuseyourbike?—Yes，you________．＝Yes，you________．＝Yes，please.＝Sure/Certainly.—No，you________．④—Can/Couldyouhelpmecarrythebag?—Yes，I________．⑤—Will/Wouldyoucometopartytonight?\n—Yes，I________．—Sorry，butI________．⑥—ShallItellhimaboutit?—No，you________.Itoldhimjustnow.【答案】①must；needn't＝don'thaveto　②must；needn't＝don'thaveto　③may；can；mustn't/can't　④can　⑤will；can't　⑥needn't　　与情态动词有关的固定短语①may/mightwelldo　　很可能做may/might(just)aswelldo　　不妨做②cannot/cannever...too＝cannot/cannever...enough　　越……越好③wouldratherdo和hadbetterdo④Apencilwilldo(forsth.)＝Apencilwillbesuitable(forsth.)⑤Thecarwon'tstart.＝Thecarcan'tbestarted.①Ireally________thankyouenough.It'sbeenanamazingday.A.needn'tB.shouldn'tC.mustn'tD.cannot②Theseareexcellentphotographsandwe________wellusetheminourmagazine.A.canB.couldC.mustD.may【答案】①D　②D　　must和haveto①must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而haveto则往往强调客观需要；②must一般只表示现在时，haveto则有更多的时态形式。用must和haveto的适当形式填空：①I________gonowforIhavegotameeting15minuteslater.②Jenny________tidyuptheroombeforehermothercameback.【答案】①haveto　②hadto　　can，could和beableto的区别①can用于现在时，could只用于过去时，beableto可用于各种时态；\n②表示过去经过努力而做成某事要用was/wereableto，而不用could。用can，could和beableto的适当形式填空：①Althoughthefirewasbig，everyone________escape.②Onlyinthiswaywillyou________finishtheworkintime.【答案】①wasableto　②beableto　　will，would，usedtowill，would和usedto均表示“习惯”。①will表示不受时间限制的习惯性动作；②would表示过去习惯性的动作，但不涉及与现在情况的对比，后不能跟状态动词；③usedto表示过去习惯的动作或状态，但这种习惯现在已不存在了。用will，would和usedto填空：①He________belateforschool，butnowheisseldomlate.②She________sitforhourswithoutsayinganything.③He________walkbytheriverinthemorningafterhegotup.【答案】①usedto　②will　③would　　虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法虚拟条件句主句与现在事实相反的假设过去时would/could/mightdo与过去事实相反的假设过去完成时would/could/mighthavedone与将来事实相反的假设过去时/shoulddo/weretowould/could/mightdo①错综时间条件句(动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整)。②if省略句(在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句)。③用介词或介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的有with，without，butfor。④含蓄条件句。用otherwise或but来体现虚拟语气。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Ifyou________(go)tobedearlierlastnight，you________(notbe)sleepynow.②Ifyou________(notattend)themeetingyesterday，you________(notmeet)him.③I________(be)illyesterday.Otherwise，I________(go)there.④I________(give)youmorehelp，butIwastoobusy.⑤ButfortherainlastSunday，we________(have)apicnic.\n【答案】①hadgone；wouldn'tbe　②hadn'tattended；wouldn'thavemet　③was；wouldhavegone　④wouldhavegiven⑤wouldhavehad　　asif/asthough的用法asif/asthough引导的从句表示的情况可能会发生用陈述语气，表示的情况不可能发生则用虚拟语气。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Itlooksasifit______________(rain)．②HespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifhe________(be)aChinese.③Theytalkedasifthey______(be)friendsformanyyears.【答案】①isgoingtorain　②were　③hadbeen　　Ifonly...！句型的使用Ifonly＋句子＝HowIwish＋that从句，句中用虚拟语气。用所给词的适当形式填空：①IfonlyI________(be)aflyingbird!②IfonlyI________(go)hometomorrow!③LookattheterriblesituationIamin！IfonlyI________(follow)youradvice.【答案】①were　②wouldgo　③hadfollowed　　虚拟语气在名词性从句和固定句型中的使用①表示建议、愿望、命令等词的名词性从句中，常见的词有demand，order，require，requirement，insist，suggest，suggestion，propose，proposal，advise，advice，recommend，desire，request，urge等，从句虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。②Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/...＋that从句，从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。③wish(that)sb.did(表现在)/had_done(表过去)/would_do(表将来)(三种虚拟形式)④wouldrather(that)sb.did(表现在和将来)/had_done(表过去)(两种虚拟形式)⑤It's(about/high)timethatsb.didsth./sb.shoulddosth.用所给词的适当形式填空：①Hisfacesuggestedhe________(be)illandwesuggestedthathe________(send)\ntohospital.②Heinsistedhe________(be)rightandthathe________(set)free.③Itisnecessarythathe________(send)toMiami.④Iwouldratherhe________(come)tomorrow.⑤It'stimethatwe________(take)measures.⑥IwishI________(see)thefilmyesterday.【答案】①was;(should)besent　②was；(should)beset　③(should)besent　④came　⑤took/shouldtake　⑥hadseen　　名词性从句在虚拟语气中的时态如果状语从句是虚拟语气，从句或主句中的名词性从句则根据具体语境确定时态。用所给词的适当形式填空：①Ifitwerenotthefactthatshe________(can)notsing，Iwouldinvitehertothepartytonight.②Ifyoucametoourschool，youwouldfindthatalibrary________(build)now.【答案】①can　②isbeingbuilt1.(2014·江苏卷)Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,________bringmefood.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could2.(2014·北京卷)________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Should3.(2014·福建卷)________nomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.A.WerethereB.HadtherebeenC.IfthereareD.Iftherehavebeen4.(2014·安徽卷)Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey________awayinthepast.A.hadthrownB.willbethrowingC.werethrowingD.wouldhavethrown5.(2014·陕西卷)Wewouldratherourdaughter________athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.A.wouldstay\nB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay6.(2013·江苏卷)IshouldnothavelaughedifI________youwereserious.A.thoughtB.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought7.(2013·辽宁卷)Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He________toomuchatthepartylastnight.A.coulddrinkB.shoulddrinkC.wouldhavedrunkD.musthavedrunk8.(2013·全国新课标卷)Thedoor________open，nomatterhowhardshepushed.A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.wouldn'tD.mightn't9.(2012·江苏卷)—Happybirthday!—Thankyou!It'sthebestpresentI________for.A.shouldhavewishedB.musthavewishedC.mayhavewishedD.couldhavewished10.(2012·重庆卷)—________youinterruptnow？Can'tyouseeI'monthephone?—Sorrysir，butit'surgent.A.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.Would【答案】1.C　2.A　3.A　4.D　5.C　6.C　7.D　8.C9.D　10.C1.Youcan'timaginethatawell－behavedgentleman________besorudetotheold.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would2.Peter________bereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe'sanicepersoningeneral.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.must3.—________itbeLiPingwhobroketheglass?—No.It________beWangHaiwhodidit.A.Could；mayB.Can；canC.May；mustD.Can；must\n4.Whentheoldmanwasalive，he________sitforhoursatthedoor.A.would　　B.couldC.must　　D.might5.—He________havebeensenttohospitalimmediately.—Sohe________，butalleffortsmadenodifference.A.should；wasB.must；didC.oughtto；hadD.can；has6.Hedenied________stolenthesewatchesandinsistedthathe________setfreeatonce.A.having；beB.tohave；beC.having；wasD.tohave；was7.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?—Iwouldhave，butI________sobusythen.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe8.Madonna________astraight－Astudent，butitwasdancingthatshewasreallycrazyabout.A.mustbeB.couldbeC.musthavebeenD.couldhavebeen9.He________havecompletedhiswork，otherwisehewouldn'tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn'tD.can't10.Iwasonthehighwaywhenhiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They________atleast150kilometresanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone11.There________beanydifficultyinpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn'tB.shan'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't12.Helen________goonthetripwithus，butsheisn'tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can\n13.—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?—Well，ifyou________know，hernameisMabel.A.may　　B.canC.must　　D.shall14.“Theinterest________bedividedintofiveparts，accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides，”declaredthejudge.A.may　　B.shouldC.must　　D.shall15.—It'shardtobelievethatJack________havefoughtwiththepoliceman.—Yes.Ifone________askfortrouble，itcan'tbehelped.A.would；willB.must；mayC.should；mustD.need；dare16.—Whydidn'tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?—Ididn'twantone，buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI________．A.did　　B.wouldC.will　　D.had17.—ShallIgoandbuymorefoodanddrinkfortheparty?—No，wehavepreparedafridgeofthose.That________bequiteenough.A.canB.mayC.mightD.oughtto18.I________upearlythismorning，soIstayedinbeduntil8o'clocka．m.A.needn'thavegotB.didn'tneedtogetC.shouldn'thavegotD.can'thavegot19.He________anactionmovieonTVwhenIcalledhim，forIcouldhearthesoundoffightingoverthephone.A.mustbewatchingB.musthavebeenwatchingC.musthavewatchedD.mustwatch20.—HasMr.TomWhitearrived?—Yes，already.________hewaitoutsideorjustcomein?A.Shall　　B.MayC.Could　　D.Must21.She________intothethickforestaloneonsuchadarknight.A.daresnotgoB.daresnottogoC.darenottogoD.doesn'tdarego\n22.—Whydidn'tthemanagerjoinusinhikingyesterday?—I'mnotsure.He________toobusytogetaway.A.mightbeB.mustbeC.mighthavebeenD.musthavebeen23.ImetagirlyesterdaywhocanexpressherselffreelyinbothEnglishandFrench.She________agiftforlanguages.A.musthavehadB.musthaveC.shouldhavehadD.shouldhave24.I'mgoingtoEuropeonvacationtogetherwithJohnifI________findthemoney.A.canB.mightC.wouldD.need25.—ShallItellhertocometoseeyou?—No，you________．She'salreadybeensentfor.A.needn'tB.shouldn'tC.mustn'tD.wouldn't26.She________wellrefusetospeaktoyou，becausesheisinaverybadmood.A.willB.mayC.mustD.can27.ItriedtoexplaintheproblemtoMary,butshewassoangrythatshe________listen.A.couldn'tB.shouldn'tC.wouldn'tD.mightnot28.—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someone________it.A.willhavestolenB.mighthavestolenC.shouldhavestolenD.musthavestolen29.—Youneedn'ttakeanumbrella.Itisn'tgoingtorain.—Well,Idon'tknow.It________do.A.mightB.needC.wouldD.should30.IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he________\nabletospeakitmuchbetternow.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.hasbeenD.wouldhavebeen【答案】1.C　2.C　3.D　4.A　5.A　6.A　7.C　8.D9.B　10.B　11.C　12.C　13.C　14.D　15.C　16.D17.D　18.B　19.B　20.A　21.D　22.C　23.B　24.A　25.A　26.B　27.C　28.B　29.A　30.B