甘肃省天水市一中2022届高三英语上学期一轮复习第三次质量检测试题

甘肃省天水市一中2022届高三英语上学期一轮复习第三次质量检测试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号框涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号框。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheFiveBestCountriesTOMoveToForRetirementRetiringinadifferentcountryisgainingpopularity.BelowarefiveofthebestcountriestoseekretirementCostaRicaMildclimate,breathtakinglandscapesandbeachesdrawretirees(退休人员）toCostaRica.Thecountryreadilywelcomesimmigrantsandoffersasimpleresidencyprocess.Withamonthlyincomeofatleast$1,000permonthfromSocialSecurityorasimilarsource,peopleenjoyahighstandardoflivingatamuchlowercostthantheU.S.MalaysiaRetireeswhochoosetomakeMalaysiahomewillappreciateitsrichcultureandattractivescenery.Moreover,thecountryoffersmodernfacilitiesatmodestprices.Immigrantsenjoyconvenienceandcomfortintheirdailylife.Youwillfindlow-costrentalunits,deliciousstreetfood,andvariousshoppingmalls.MexicoBecauseit’sclosetotheU.S.,MexicodrawsmorethanamillionAmericanretireestoitsborders.IncreasingimmigrantcommunitiesenjoyseasidelivingandconversationswithfriendlyEnglishspeakinglocals.Plus,legalresidentsovertheageof60receiveairline,grocery,andrestaurantdiscounts.PanamaGentleoceanwindtakestheheatoutofhotyear-roundtemperatures,whichhasbeenthechiefattractiontoforeignretirees.BeautifulbeachesandaboomingeconomyalsoattractretireestoPanama.Anincomeof$2,000permonthcoversmodestlivingcosts.Furthermore,thecountryoffersdiscountstoretireeswithaspecialvisa.EcuadorLazycoastaltowns,sun-shininghotspots,andnature-filledviewswaitfor9\nimmigrantsseekingacarefreelifestyle.PublictransportationcostsinEcuadormakeowningavehicleunnecessary.Abusrideonlycosts25centsandtaxirideswillrunabout$3.1．WhatdoCostaRicaandMalaysiahaveincommon?A.Convenientshopping.B.Relativelylowlivingcost.C.Variousculturalactivities.D.Simpleimmigrationprocedures.2．Whichcountry’slocationspeciallyattractsretireesfromtheU.S.?A.Malaysia’sB.Mexico’s.C.Panama’s.D.Ecuador’s.3．WhatisthemainreasonforretireestochoosePanama?A.Beautifulbeaches.B.Aboomingeconomy.C.Apleasantclimate.D.Discountsforretirees.BThemorninghadbeenadisaster.Mytoothwasaching,andI’dbeeninanargumentwithafriend.Herwordsstillhurt:“Thetroublewithyouisthatyouwon’tputyourselfinmyplace.Can’tyouseethingsfrommypointofview?”Ishookmyheadstubbornlyandfelttheacheinmytooth.I’dthoughtIcouldholdouttillmydentistcamebackfromholiday,butthepainwasreallyunbearable.Istartedcallingthedentistsinthephonebook,butnoonecouldseemeimmediately.Finally,ataboutlunchtime,Igotlucky.“Ifyoucomebyrightnow,”thereceptionistsaid,“thedentistwillfityouin.”Itookmypurseandkeysandrushedtomycar.ButsuddenlyIbegantodoubtaboutthedentist.Whatkindofdentistwouldbesoeagertotreatsomeoneatsuchshortnotice?Whywasn’theasbusyastheothers?Inthedentist’soffice,Isatdownandlookedaround.IsawnothingbutthebarewallsandIbecameevenmoreworried.Theassistantnoticedmynervousnessandplacedherwarmhandovermyice-coldone.WhenItoldhermyfears,shelaughedandsaid,“Don’tworry.Thedentistisverygood.”“HowlongdoIhavetowaitforhim?”Iaskedimpatiently.“Comeon,heiscoming.Justliedownandrelax.Andenjoytheartwork,”theassistantsaid.“Theartwork?”Iwaspuzzled.Thechairwentback.SuddenlyIsmiled.Therewasabeautifulpicture,rightwhereIcouldenjoyit:ontheceiling.Howconsideratethedentistwas!Atthatmoment,Ibegantounderstandwhatmyfriendmeantbyherwords.Whatarelief!4．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sfeelingthatmorning?A．Cheerful.B．Nervous.C．Satisfied.D．Upset.5．Whatmadetheauthorbegintodoubtaboutthedentist?9\nA．Thedentist’sagreeingtotreatheratveryshortnotice.B．Thedentist’sbeingasbusyastheotherdentists.C．Thesurroundingsofthedentist’soffice.D．Thelaughingassistantofthedentist.6．Whydidtheauthorsuddenlysmile?A．Becausethedentistcameatlast.B．Becauseshesawapictureontheceiling.C．Becauseshecouldrelaxinthechair.D．Becausetheassistantkeptcomfortingher.7．Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromherexperiencemostprobably?A．Strikewhiletheironishot.B．Haveagoodwordforone'sfriend.C．Putoneselfinother'sshoes.D．Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.CItissaidthatifyouwanttostayyoung,sitdownandhaveagoodthink.ThisistheresearchfindingofateamofJapanesedoctors,whosaythatmostofourbrainsarenotgettingenoughexercise—andasaresult,wearegrowingoldunnecessarilysoon.ProfessorTaijuMatsuzawawantedtofindoutwhyotherwisehealthyfarmersinnorthernJapanappearedtobelosingtheirabilitytothinkandreasonatarelativelyearlyage,andhowtheprocessofagingcouldbesloweddown. Withateamof colleagues atTokyoNationalUniversity,hesetaboutmeasuringbrainvolumesofathousandpeopleofdifferentagesandvaryingoccupations. Computertechnologyenabledtheresearcherstoobtainprecisemeasurementsofthevolumeofthefrontandsidepartsofthebrain,whichcontrolsfunctionslikeeatingandbreathing,doesnotcontractwithage,andonecancontinuelivingwithoutintellectualoneconomicalfaculties. Contraction(萎缩)offrontandsideparts—ascellsdieoff—wasobservedinsomesubjectsintheirthirties,butitwasstillnotevidentinsomesixty-andseventy-year-olds. Matsuzawaconcludedfromhisteststhatthereisasimplewaytothecontractionnormallyconnectedwithage—usingthehead.Thefindingsshowingeneraltermsthatcontractionofthebrainbeginssoonerinpeopleinthecountrythaninthetown.Thoseleastatrisk,saysMatsuzawa,arelawyers,followedbyuniversityprofessorsanddoctors.Whitecollarworkersdoingroutine workin governmentofficesare,however,aslikelytohaveshrinking brains asthefarmworker,busdriverandshopassistant.Matsuzawa'sfindingsshowthatthinkingcanpreventthebrainfromshrinking.Bloodmustcirculateproperlyintheheadtosupplythefreshoxygenthebraincellsneed.“Thebestwaytomaintain,goodbloodcirculationisthroughusingthebrain.”hesays.“Thinkhardandengageinconversation.Don’trelyonpocketcalculators.”8.Theteamofdoctorswantedtofindout ______.9\nA．thesizeofcertainpeople'sbrainsB．howtoslowdowntheprocessofagingC．whichpeoplearemostintelligentD．whycertainpeopleareagingsoonerthanothers.9．Onwhataretheirresearchfindingsbased?A．Thestudyofbrainvolumesofdifferentpeople.B．Thestudyofbrainvolumesofoldpeople.C．Thelatestdevelopmentofcomputertechnology.D．Asurveyoffarmersinnorthernoldpeople.10．Thedoctors’testsshowthat_______.A．ourbrainsshrinkaswegrowolderB．thefrontsectionofthebraindoesnotshrinkC．sixty-year-oldshavebetterbrainsthan thirty-year-oldsD．somepeople'sbrainshavecontractedmorethanotherpeople's11．Accordingtothepassage,whichpeopleseemtoagemoreslowlythantheothers?A．Lawyers.B．Farmers.C．Clerks.D．Shopassistants.DDoyouliveinacitywherelookinguptheairqualityforecastisjustasimportantascheckingtheweatherforecastfortheday?Manyplacesaroundtheworldhaveterriblepollutionproblems.Butnownewresearchsuggeststhatwemightbeabletoprotectourselves，naturallyandeasily—simplybytakingvitaminB．Thestudywasconductedbyateamofinternationalresearchers.TheirfocuswasonapollutantknownasPM2.5.Itssize,approximatelyl/40ththewidthofahumanhair,makesitparticularlydangerousbecauseitisreadilyinhaledandsmallenoughtospreadthroughthebodyviatheblood.ThiscancausedamagetothelungsifPM2.5isbeingbreathedinregularly.Thecurrentexperimentinvolvedsubjectsbeingexposedtocleanairandaplacebo(安慰剂)torecordbaselineresponses.Theyweregiventheplaceboforfourweeks,thenexposedthroughafacemasktoairfromahighlypollutedareaindowntownToronto.Theresearchersmeasuredmethylation(甲基化)changestoDNA;thedamageincreasedineachparticipant.However,intherepeatedexperiment,whenthevolunteersweregivenavitaminsupplementcontaining1milligramofvitaminB12,50mgofvitaminB6,and2.5mgoffolicaciddailyforfourweeks,itreducedthedamagetotheDNAbyarangeof28to76percent.TheresultsindicatehowpreventionatanindividuallevelcouldbeusedtofighttheharmfuleffectsofPM2.5.However,researchersstressedthatresearchwasinitsearlystages.Futurestudies,especiallyinheavilypollutedareas,areurgentlyneededandthey’llfinallydeveloppreventivemeasuresusingBvitaminstopreventthehealtheffectsofairpollution.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inhaled”inParagraph1referto?A．breathed.B．smelt.C．approached.D．discovered.13．Howdoestheauthorintroducethecurrentexperiment?9\nA．Byanalyzingcauses.B．Bygivingexamples.C．Bymakingcomparisons.D．Bydescribingeffects.14．Whatcanwelearnabouttheresearchersinthelastparagraph?A．Theywarnedpeopleofheavypollution.B．Theyregrettednotusingenoughvolunteers.C．They’llsoonfindmorewaystotestBvitamins.D．They’llconfirmthefindingsinhighlypollutedareas.15．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．PM2.5IsMostDeadlyB．VitaminBBenefitsPeopleMostC．VitaminBOffersAirPollutionProtectionD．AirQualityForecastIsExtremelyImportant第一节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项是多余选项。Herearesomeeasystepstocreatebetterhabitsthatwillsurelyimproveyourmentalhealth.•Getenoughsleep.Keepingaconsistentsleepschedulewillensurethatyourbodyandmindwillfunctionproperly.Expertsrecommendthateachpersonshouldsleepforatleast6.5to8hoursanight.16．Whenyourestart,itrefresheseverythingandhelpsyourmachinefunctionfasterandbetter.•Dosomeexercise.Youshouldknowthatregularexerciseisnecessaryforahealthybodyandsoul.Someworkoutmotivationtipsfromexpertsarethatyoushoulddeterminewhatexercisesinterestyouandworkyourwayupfromthere.Stillnoideahowtostart?17．•Mindwhatyoueat.18．Youknowyourbodyandyoualsoknowpotatochipshavedonenothingexceptmakeyoufeelsluggishandguilty.Doyourheartandwaistlineafavorbyfeedingyourbodyhealthythinglikeleanprotein,wholegrainsandfiber.•19．Usejournalingasawaytorelease(释放)tensionyoumaybeholdingin.Youcanalsouseitasawaytoorganizeyourthoughts,transferthechaosfromheadtopaper.Youdon’tnecessarilyhavetowriteforanaudience.Infact,writingforyourselfcanberegardedasself-treatmentandhelpyoubecomemoreawareofyourselfandyourownthoughts.•Exploretheworld.Youdon’tneedyourpassportforthisone.20．Nomatterhowoldyouare,therearemanythingsinthislifethatyouhaveyettoexperience.Getoutofyourcomfortzoneandseewhattheworldhastoofferyou.Youmayactuallybepleasantlysurprisedtotrythingsyouhaveneverdonebeforeandhowenjoyabletheyare.A.Startwriting.B.Balanceyourself.9\nC.Putdownthehamburgerandacceptwholegrains!D.Hireapersonaltrainertohelpyougetoffyoursofa.E.Thinkofyourbodyasacomputerthatneedssomerebooting(重启).F.Goouttonewrestaurantsorhikingtrailstoexpandyourexperiences.G.Evenifyouhavetoworkoutslowatfirst,it’sbettertostartthannotatall.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Howoftendoyouletotherpeople’snonsensechangeyourmood?Doyouletabaddriver,impolitewaiter,rudeboss,oraninsensitiveemployee___21___yourday?OnedayIwasinataxiandweheaded___22___theairport.Weweredrivinginthe___23___lanewhensuddenlyablackcardroveoutofaparkingspacerightinfrontofus.Mytaxidriverslammedonhis___24___,slidsideways,andattheverylastmomentourcarstoppedand___25___theothercarbyjustinches!Thedriveroftheothercarlookedaroundandstarted___26___atus.Mytaxidriverjust___27___andwavedattheguy.AndImeanhewasreally___28___.SoIasked,“Whydidyoujustdothat?Thisguyalmostruinedyourcarandsentustothehospital!”ThisiswhenmytaxidrivertaughtmewhatInowcall“TheLawoftheGarbageTruck”.Heexplainedthatmanypeoplearelikegarbagetrucks.Theyrunaroundfullofgarbage,fullof___29___,fullofanger,andfullofdisappointment.Astheirgarbage___30___up,theyneedaplacetodumpitandsometimesthey’lldumpiton___31___.Don’ttakeitpersonally.Justsmile,wave,wishthemwell,andmoveon.Believeme.You’llbe___32___.Don’ttaketheirgarbageand___33___ittootherpeopleatwork,athome,oronthestreets.Life’stooshorttowakeupinthemorningwith___34___.Themarkofyoursuccessishowquicklyyoucanrefocusonwhat’s___35___inyourlife.RoyBaumeister,apsychologyresearcherfromFloridaStateUniversity,foundinhisextensiveresearchthatyou___36___badthingsmoreoftenthangoodthingsinyourlife.Youstorethebadmemoriesmoreeasily,andyou___37___themmorefrequently.Solovethepeoplewhotreatyouright.Ignoretheoneswhodon’t.Lifeistenpercentwhatyoumakeitandninetypercenthowyou___38___it!Whenyoufollow“TheLawoftheGarbageTruck”,youtakebackcontrolofyourlife.Youmakeroomforthegoodby___39___goofthebad.HaveaGarbage-FreeDay!Haveamarvelous,garbage-freeday!Theseedsyouplanttoday___40___theharvestyoureaptomorrow.21．A.enrichB.ruinC.spareD.obtain22．A.throughB.toC.inD.for9\n23．A.leftB.rightC.oppositeD.across24．A.brakesB.doorC.windowD.seat25．A.knockedB.overtookC.missedD.lost26．A.laughingB.throwingC.glancingD.yelling27．A.wonderedB.smiledC.ignoredD.guessed28．A.friendlyB.angryC.tiredD.disappointed29．A.expectationB.annoyanceC.astonishmentD.frustration30．A.turnsB.pushesC.holdsD.piles31．A.roadsB.childrenC.youD.dustbin32．A.upsetB.happierC.pitifulD.frightened33．A.spreadB.shareC.explainD.contribute34．A.surpriseB.pleasureC.doubtD.regrets35．A.funnyB.importantC.strangeD.embarrassing36．A.rememberB.forgetC.valueD.appreciate37．A.enjoyB.exchangeC.recallD.imagine38．A.inspireB.takeC.mendD.notice39．A.lettingB.consistingC.makingD.dreaming40．A.distinguishB.deserveC.deliverD.determine第Ⅱ卷注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Formanyyoungpeople,41(go)touniversityisoneofthemostimportant42(stage)oftheirlives.Itisthetimewhenyoungpeoplewillmoveoutof43(they)hometolivewithotherpeople,oftenstrangers.44(especial)intheUS,peopleoftentravelveryfarfromhometostudy.Itisatimetobe45(dependence).Atuniversity,you46(teach)bylecturersandprofessorswhoareleadingfiguresintheirstudy.Theopportunitytolearnfromandtodiscusswiththemis47drivessomepeopletoapplytouniversity.Studentsarerequiredtochooseamajorthattheywishtostudy.Apart48theacademicbenefit,life atuniversitycanalsoallowstudents49(develop)theirinterestsinmanyfields.Therefore,universityisaplace50youattainknowledge,developyourvaluesandacceptthosewhomaybedifferent.第三部分写作（共两节，满分25分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。9\n修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Theotherday,Itogetherwithseveralfriendswentbacktoanearbyhospitaltodosomevoluntaryworks.Wehelpedsomepatientscleanedtheirroomsanddideverythingwecouldservethem.Inoticedalittlegirlbetweenthepatients.Thoughshewasweak,yetshewaslovelyandactive.Heaskedtosingasongforusinreturnforourkindness.Stoodinfrontofus,shebegantosing.Greattooursurprise,hervoicewassobeautifullythatitfascinatedusall.Afterthat,wehadthetalkwithher.Shetoldusthatherwishwastobecomeasinger.Weencouragedhertofollowherdream.第二节书面表达（满分15分）假定你是李华。你班将邀请一位老艺人在4月21日上午8:00至10:00来班里推广剪纸艺术，你打算邀请你们学校酷爱中国文化的英国交换生Peter参加。请你写封E-mail，邀请他参加，并告诉他活动安排。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：手艺人craftsman；剪纸艺术paper-cutart。答案第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）1-3BBC4-7DABC8-11BADA12-15ACDC第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）16-20EDCAF第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）21-25【答案】1-5BDBAC6-10DBADD11-15CBADB16-20ACBAD第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）41．going42．stages43．their44．Especially45．independent46．willbetaught47．what48．from49．todevelop50．where9\n第三部分写作（共两节，满分25分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）第二节书面表达（满分25分）DearPeter,Iamwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinaninterestingactivity.OnApril21,anoldcraftsmanwillbeinvitedtoourclasstoteachusaboutChinesepaper-cutart,whichisatraditionalfolkartformwithalonghistory.Itwillstartfrom8a.m.to10a.m.NowthatyoualwayshaveagreatpassionforChineseculture,Iamsureyoudon’twanttomissthechance.Thecraftsmanwillexplainsomebasicknowledgeofpaper-cutart,teachusthebasicstepsandskillsofitandglideustofinishourownworks.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwillcome.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply!Yours,LiHua9