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初中英语中考复习语法要点汇总(共68条)

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中考英语语法要点1.建议advice建议,忠告(不可数);suggestion建议(可数)________usefuladviceyougaveme!(What)________valuablesuggestionyouhaveofferedme!(Whata)2.room/space/place:room“房间”(可数);“空间”(不可数)Couldyoumakesomeroomforme?你能为我让一下空间吗?space“太空;空间”(不可数)inspace在宇宙太空Isthereanyspaceformeinthecar?车里有给我留的空间吗?(此处和room的含义相当)place“地方”(可数),指某一具体地点。Iwanttoliveinaplacewhichiswarminwinter.我想住在冬季温暖的一个地方。Itisawonderfulplacetogo(to).3.news/information/messagenews新闻,消息(不可数);information信息(不可数);message音信,口信(可数):CanItakeamessageforyou?MayIleaveamessage?4.job/workjob,可数:Ihaveajobasateacher.work,不可数:Icannotfindworkinthistown.5.声音voice/noise/soundvoice指人的声音或嗓音;noise指难听刺耳的噪音,吵闹声;sound指声音的总称。6.数量number/amountnumber指可数名词的数量;amount指不可数名词的数量7.the/anumberofthenumberof“…的数量”;anumberof:“许多的”,都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语,谓语用单数;后者作主语,谓语用复数。Thenumberofthetrees______twothousand.(用单数谓语is.另注意trees前有限定词)Anumberoftrees________beencutdown.(用复数谓语have.另注意trees前无限定词)8.other;elseother修饰名词,放于名词前。else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词,放在后面。Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?11\nWhereelsecanyouseeit?Jimistallerthanany_____boyinhisclass.(other)9.well/goodwell:1)adj指身体健康状况好:Youlookwelltoday.2)adv修饰动词或形容词:sellwell畅销,dowellin;bewellworthdoing很值得做good:adj.修饰人或物begoodat;smellgoodTheclotheslook_______andtheysell_______onthemarket.(good;well)10.already/yetalready用于肯定句;yet用于否定句和疑问句11.also;too;aswell;either“也”:either,用于否定句的末尾。also,通常挨着动词,少用于句尾。too,通常在句尾,前常有逗号。aswell,只用于句尾,前无逗号。注意:后三个词都不用于否定句。12.before;agoago“…时间前”结构:时间段+ago,用于一般过去时。TheGreensmovedtoShanghaifourweeksago.Isawittenminutesago.(若有since+时间段+ago,常用现在完成时:Mr.Lihasworkedheresince5yearsago.)before单独放在句尾,常用现在完成时:“以前”IhavebeentoLondonbefore.(若是时间段+before,常用过去完成时,“…前”:Ihadseenthefilmtwoweeksbefore.)13.almost;nearly;hardlyalmost几乎,差不多,后接肯定或否定词;nearly几乎,差不多,后接肯定意义的词。hardly几乎不,表否定。14.toomuch,toomany与muchtoo:muchtoo“过于”,加形容词或副词原级。muchtoohot/slowly等。toomuch“太多的”,加不可数名词。toomuchwork/rain等。toomany“太多的”,加可数复数。toomanybooks/people等。15.abit/alittle区别:都可作副词,后直接加形容词或副词。I’mabit/alittlehungry.Shefeelsabit/alittletired.也都可作代词(或形容词),后接不可数名词,但有所不同:Sheatealittlebreadandwentout.(alittle直接加不可数名词)Sheateabitofbread.(abit先加of,再跟名词)16.everyday与everyday:everyday是形容词,后接名词,“日常的”。HeispracticingeverydayEnglish.everyday是副词,作时间状语,“每天”。WespeakEnglisheveryday.17.wish;hope①wish既可接todosth.也可接sb+todosth.也可接that从句.IwishtospendmysummerholidayinQingdao.IwishyoutojoinmypartythisSunday.Iwish(that)Icouldbeascientist.(注:接that从句时,从句用虚拟语气。)11\nwish还用来接祝愿语:wishsbagreatsuccess;wishyouahappyjourney;wishyougoodluck等。②hope接todosth.或that从句.但不接sbtodosth.Ihopetoreceivealetterfromyousomeday.Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.18.spend;take;cost;pay①It+take+sb+sometime+todosth:Ittookushalfanhourtocutdownthetree.②物+cost+sb+钱:Thebagcostmethirtyyuan.若cost后无sb,则译作“价钱是”:Thebagcosts30Yuan.③人+pay+sb+钱+forsth:Ipaidtheseller200Yuanforthebike.④人+spend+时间/钱+onsth/(in)doingsth.Thegirlspenttwohours(in)searchingtheInternet.Thegirlalwaysspendsmuchmoneyonherclothes.spend有时可指“度过”:spendholiday/weekends/winter19.puton;wear;dress;in①puton,“穿上”后接物。表行为,是短暂动词。Youshouldputonyourcoatwhenyouleave.②wear,“穿,穿着”后接物,表状态,是延续性动词。Healwayswearstheyellowsweaterinwinter.③dress,“给…穿衣”后接人。Lucyisdressingherlittlebrothernow.bedressedin后常接具有某种特征的衣物。也可直接加表示颜色的词。Theladyisdressedinawhiteskirt.Thestudentsarealldressedinyellow.getdressed“穿好衣服”,常不接宾语:Hewentoutassoonashegotdressed.dressup(as)...“装扮(成)......”Hedressedupasaclown.他装扮成小丑。④in,“穿着”后接具有某种特征的衣物,表状态,是介词,不可作谓语,可作状语。也可以直接加表示颜色的词。Thewomaninawhiteskirtismyteacher.Iwanttotalktotheboyinblack.(我想找那个穿着黑衣服的男孩谈谈。)20.reach;arrive;get到达:①getto+地点gettoShanghai/London/China接地点副词时,不带to.getthere/home/here.②arrivein+大地点(如Beijing/Zhengzhou),arriveat+小地点(如school/hospital)arrive只作不及物动词,所以也可单独用:Pleaseringmeupwhenyouarrive.③reach只作及物动词,后直接加地点:reachBeijing/England但常不说reachhome/there/here.21.talk,tell,say,speak:①talk只作不及物动词。Don’ttalkinclass.ShallwetalkaboutourEnglishstudy?11\nHeistalkingwithhisteacher.MayItalktoyou?(注意talk接人和接物时介词搭配不同:talkwith/tosb;talkaboutsth)②tell只作及物动词,“告诉;讲”。常接双宾结构(tellsbsth.),常用短语有:tellalie;tellthetruth;tellthedifferencebetween---;tellsbastory;tellajoke③say必须接有内容,或逻辑上有内容作宾语。(所接内容见以下划线部分)PleasesayitinEnglish.HowdoyousaythatinEnglish?Pleaseshowmewhattosay..Doyouhaveanythingtosay?Imustsaysorrytoyou.④speak●“说话”不及物动词。●接人时先加介词to.MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?●也可译为“说”,作及物动词,后接语言。DoyouspeakEnglish/Chinese?22.win与beat区别:都有“赢”的意思。win后加物:而beat后加的是人,也可译为“打败”:I’mafraidtheywillbeatus.23.leave;forget①leave可指“离开”leaveZhengzhouforWuhan离开郑州到武汉②leave留下;忘记Ileftmybookathome.leave后接地点,而forget后无地点。如:Sorry,Iforgotthemoney.24.take,bring,fetch与carry:都译为“拿”。◆take“拿走”,从说话人处带到另一处。Couldyoutaketherubbishoutwhenyouleave?◆bring“带来”,从另一处带到说话人处。Don’tforgettobringyourhomeworkheretomorrow.◆get“去拿来”,先到另一地拿东西,然后再返回到说话人处。如:Whenyougobacktotheclassroom,pleasegetmemypen.◆carry“拿、搬、扛”,没有特定方向。Timiscarryingabox.25.receive;acceptreceive指收到,但不一定接受;accept指接受,收下I________agiftfromoneofmyfriends,butIdon’twantto_________it.(receive;accept)26.put短语puton(穿上)putoff(推迟)putaway(把…整理好)putup(举起,搭起,挂起,张贴)putdown(放下)putout(扑灭);27.turn短语turnon打开turnoff关闭11\nturnup调大turndown关小turnout结果是turntosb向某人求助28.give短语giveaway赠送giveout发放giveup放弃giveback归还givein屈服,让步29.take短语takeoff脱下,起飞takeaway拿走takeout拿出takein吸收takeup从事30.look短语lookup查找lookover仔细查看lookafter照看lookout当心lookthrough浏览31.used短语usedtodosth过去常常做某事beusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth被用来做某事32.keep,make,get,have用法:①keep+sb/sthdoingsth“让…一直做…”I’msorryforkeepingyouwaitingsolong.(区别:keep+doingsth“坚持做某事,一直做某事”)②make+sb/sthdosth让…做某事(接动原)I’lltrytomakeyouunderstandwhatImean.make若用于被动语态,原有后接动词原形要改为带to不定式(本文源自锦鲤英语微信公众号):Imadehimwaitforlong.→Hewasmadetowaitforlong.③get+sb/sthtodosth.让…做某事。HegotPetertobuyhimapen.④have+宾语+动词原形/ing/过去分词Havehimdoit,please.让他做它吧。(him和do逻辑上形成主谓关系,do用原形。)Wehadthemachineworking.我们让机器一直工作着。(让某物一直在进行着某事。)Wehadthemachinerepaired.我们让人修理了那台机器(让机器被修理了,表被动。)⑤也都可接形容词:keepsafe/busy,keepthedoorclosed/open,makeushappy,getthedoorclosed,haveeverythingready.33.in/after+一段时间11\nin+一段时间,用于将来时,用howsoon提问。after+一段时间,用于过去时34.through/past/across区别:都可作介词,“穿过”,前常有位移动词(以下黑体部分)。Heclimbedthroughthewindowandsawwhathecouldtakeaway.(从内部穿过)Hewentpastmewithoutsayinganywords.(从旁边经过)Heswamacrosstheriver.(从表面经过)【through,内部;past,旁边;across,表面】位移动词+past相当于动词pass;位移动词+across相当于动词cross.35.since/for+时间since+过去某时间(点)for+一段时间(段),常用于完成时,强调动作的延续性,用howlong提问。36.infrontof/inthefrontofinfrontof在物体外部的前面;inthefrontof在物体内部的前面37.乘交通工具之表达:①bybike/car/sea(ship)/air(plane)(前无冠词,且不用复数)②onahorseback/hisbike/theplane/aship(有冠词或限定词)③inhis/acar(car前用in)④onfoot⑤动词短语:rideabike/ahorse;driveacar;walk;takeaplane/taxi/bus;fly等。38.常见带介词to的短语:prefer…to…(与---相比较更喜欢);lookforwardto…(期待;渴望);payattentionto…(注意);be\getusedto…(习惯于);devote…to…(致力于)putone’seffortinto…把某人的精力投身到……makegreatcontributionto对……做出贡献(以上短语可接名词或代词,若接动词,需用ing形式)thekeyto…(…的钥匙),theanswerto---(…的答案);replyto(….的答复);leadto…(引起…);theclueto(---的线索);thewitnessto(---的证人)39.连词if/whetherif如果(引导条件状语从句,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时)/是否(引导宾语从句,根据时间确定时态):Doyouknowifhewillgotothepostoffice?Ifhegoesthere,Iwillaskhimtobuymesomestamps.两个if,前者“是否”;后者“如果”,观察其后时态的不同。whether“是否”引导宾语从句(相当于if),whether可接or(not),也可接带to不定式。而if则不可。另外,if从句中用any,常不用some。11\n40.howlong/howoften/howsoon/howfar:①howlong是对长度或时间段提问。②howoften是对频率提问,如:never,sometimes,often,usually,always,onceaweek,twiceaday,threetimesayear,everyday/everyfouryears等。若只有次数,则用howmanytimes提问:HowmanytimesdoyouwatchTVaweek?-Twice./onlyonce.③howsoon是对“in+时间段”提问:④howfar是对以下三种表达法的提问:—Howfarisitfromyourhometotheschool?有以下三种回答:▲—It’sfiveminutes’walk/anhour’sride/thirteenminutes’busride.▲—It’sabout20kilometersaway.(注意回答时不再用far,而用away)▲—It’s15minutesbybus/onfoot/bytrain/bybike.41.主谓一致:◇One/Neitherofyouisright.(单数谓语)◇Tom,withhisfriends,hasgone.(主语是Tom,单数谓语)◇Thispairofshoeslooksbeautiful.wouldyouliketotrythemon?(主语是pair,谓语用单数,但代词用复数)◇Everyboyandeverygirlhasachancetodoit.(此结构中用单数谓语)◇Weeachhaveacar.(主语是we,用复数)◇Eachofushasacar.(主语是each,单数谓语)◇Theoldneedtobelookedaftercarefully.Theyoungareenergetic.(the加形容词表一类人或物,谓语用复数)◇Mr.andMrs.GreenarefromAmerica.指格林夫妇(复数谓语)本文源自锦鲤英语微信公众号◇Theteacherandwriterisanableman.指教师兼作家,一个人,单数谓语。◇BothyouandIareexcitedaboutthenews.(both…..and…做主语,谓语用复数)◇NotonlyyoubutalsoIamastudent.(notonly--,butalso---;neither---nor---;either---or---;therebe有就近原则)◇Tenyearshaspassedsincehecamehere.(时间、金钱以及表度量衡的词做主语表单数)42.therebe用法:●常有以下结构:theremaybe(可能有)/mustbe(一定有)/usedtobe(曾经有)●therebe在不同时态中的形式:Thereis/are/was/were/willbe/is(are)goingtobe/have(has)been。●therebe后接的是表示泛指的名词,单数名词前用不定冠词。Thereisadogunderthedesk.●Thereisonlyastudenttakingnotesnow.(划线部分逻辑上是主谓关系,动词加ing)43.常见后接动词原形的词或短语:使役动词(letmakehave)情态动词(canmaymust...)助动词(dodoesdid)whynothadbetterwouldratherwouldyouplease【注意否定形式:hadbetter/wouldrather/wouldyouplease直接加not+动原】11\n44.常见后接动词ing的词或短语:finishenjoypracticeimaginesuggestspendconsidermiss(错过)keep/mindfeellikeprefer…to…can’thelp(禁不住)bebusybeworth(值得)giveuphavefunhaveagoodtimehavetrouble(in)haveproblems(in)havedifficulty(in)/+doing45.havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin:①havegoneto+地点“已去了…(还未回来)”-Ican’tfindthosechildren,wherearethey?-Theyhavegonetothefarm.(去了农场,不在这儿)②havebeento+地点“去过…(原来去过,现在已回)”句尾常接次数或地点。ShehasbeentoQingdaothreetimes.Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.Wherehaveyoubeen?你去哪儿了?(Where后省略to)③havebeenin+地点,“已在…(多久了)”句尾常接for+时间段,或since+过去时间点。PeterhasbeeninChinaforalongtime.46.be+形+ofsb与forsb的区别:①It’skindofyoutohelpme.你帮助我真好。解释:kind,nice,good,clever,foolish,lazy等词表示的是人的特点或性格。此句相当于在说Youarekindtohelpme.形容词在描述人而不是事,此情况下介词用的是of.②It’seasyforyoutodothework.对你来说做这事是容易的。解释:easy,difficult,necessary,important,dangerous,interesting等词不是说人,而是说事,相当于Todotheworkiseasy。此情况下介词用的是for.又如:It’sdangerousforustoclimbthemountain.是说“爬山”这件事是危险的。故用for.47.条件与祈使:有时条件句可以与祈使句相互转换。注意以下句子结构有何不同。①Ifyouworkhard,youwillachieveyourdream.含条件句,相当于:Workhard,andyouwillachieveyourdream.含祈使句,用and连接后一句子。②Ifyoudon’tlistencarefully,youwon’tunderstandit.相当于:Listentomecarefully,oryouwon’tunderstandit.用or(否则)连接后一句子。11\nYouwon’tunderstanditunlessyoulistentomecarefully.48.动词seem的常用句型:①Itseemsthat+从句Itseemsthathefeelsverysad.②seems+adj……看起来好像…Heseemsverysad.③sb.seemtodosth.Heseemstofeelverysad.49.要某人做某事的常用句型:asksb.todo叫…做某事;asksb.nottodosth.叫…不要做某事tellsb.todo告诉…做某事;tellsb.nottodosth.告诉…不要做某事如:Theteacheraskedmetocleantheclassroom.Iwasaskedtocleantheclassroombytheteacher.“Don’tcleantheclassroom.”Theteachersaid.(改为间接引语)Theteachertoldmenottocleantheclassroom.50.表达“更喜欢……”的常用句型:①prefersth.更喜欢某事IpreferEnglish.我更喜欢英语。②preferAtoB.同…相比更喜欢A.Ipreferdogstocats.③preferdoingAtodoingB.宁愿做A而不愿干B。④likeAbetterthanB.同B相比更喜欢A⑤prefertodoAratherthandoB.同B相比更喜欢A.⑥wouldratherdoAthandoB.同B相比更喜欢A.51.“该到某人做某事的时间了”句型:①It’stime(forsb)todosth②It’stimefor+n/doing.③It’sone’sturntodosth.52.“自从……已多久”的句型①It’s+时间段+since+过去时态的从句.②Ithasbeen+时间段+since+过去时态的从句.③时间段+haspassedsince+过去时态的从句.It’sthreemonthssincehelefthishometown.=Helefthishometownthreemonthsago.=Threemonthshaspassedsincehelefthishometown.53.“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”“越……,越……”句型Themoreyoueat,thefatteryouare.你吃得越多,就越胖。54.“比较级+and+比较级”“越来越”的句型;moreandmore+多音节形容词Hebecomesstrongerandstronger.他越来越健壮。Ourschollisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.55.比较级前+the特例Heisthetallerofthetwo.(他是两个当中较高的那个,the表特指)56."你最好做....."句型11\nhadbetter+dosth"你最好...."hadbetternot+dosth“你最好不..."57.“问路”的句型①thewaytothe……?②Can\CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothe……?③howtogettothe……?④whichisthewaytothe……?⑤wherethe---is?58.“……出毛病了,怎么了”的句型,句中的what为主语。①What’swrongwithsb\sth?②What’sthematterwithsb\sth?③What’sthetroublewithsth\sb?④Thereissomethingwrongwithsb\sth.=Somethingiswrongwithsb/sth.=sthisbroken.=sthdoesn’twork.59.“对事物看法如何”的句型①Whatdoyouthinkofsb\sth?②Howdoyoulikesb\sth?=Howdoyoufindsb\sth?60.“问天气如何”的句型①What’stheweatherliketoday?②Howistheweather?61.对某人的评价What’ssblike?---He/Sheisfriendlyandhelpful.(人品或外貌)Whatdoessblooklike?---He/Sheistallandslim.(外表长相)62.询问职业:Whatissb?---He/Sheisateacher.询问身体:Howissb?---He/Sheiswell.63.“find/think+it(形式宾语)+adjtodosth.”简单句句型IfinditdifficultformetolearnEnglishwell.(it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式tolearnEnglishwell,difficult是形容词作宾补)=IfinditisdifficultformetolearnEnglishwell.(宾语从句形式—复合句)64.Itis+过去分词+that...Itissaidthat+从句,“据说……”,相当于Theysay---Itisbelievedthat从句,“据信……Itisreportedthatthebookwillcomeoutsoon.据报道---65.否定前移think/believe/expect等后接从句时,从句中的否定要前移到主句中来。Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?(主句主语是第一人称,反意疑问句根据从句来变。)Idon’tbelievehewillcometoday,willhe?.66.find和think用法:find/think+宾语+宾语补足语。(代替宾从)宾补有以下情况:①名词短语Johnfoundhimacleverboy.11\n②形容词短语Mrs.Smiththinksherkind.③有时宾补后可接带to不定式Ifoundithardtofoolthegirl.④.find后也有v-ing形式作宾语补足语Ifoundhimreadingabookjustnow.67.计量表达法:数量+单位+形容词。Thestreetistwokilometerslong.Thatboycanjumpfourmetersaway.(此处不用far)Thefishisfivekilosheavy.Thestreetisfortymeterswide.Thisbabyisonlysixmonthsold.若计量表达的后面跟有名词,则要用连字符,单位不用复数。Theyduganeight-meter-deephole.Iboughta10-kilo-heavyfish.It’sapieceof2-meter-thickice.Theybuilta50-meter-widestreet.It’satwo-monthholiday.Sheisathree-childmother.(最后两句计量中省略了形容词)68.定语从句中关系词的选择:当先行词指人时,常用who或that;当先行词是物时,常用which或that。但当先行词前有最高级、序数词、theonly等词修饰时只用that。11

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发布时间:2022-06-17 09:00:55 页数:11
价格:¥6 大小:75.00 KB
文章作者:U-2009

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