高中英语2025届高考语法复习定语从句知识讲解

高考英语语法复习定语从句知识讲解一、定语从句的关系词关系词先行词在从句中作的成分例句who指人主语、宾语Theboywhowasintheofficeyesterdayismybrother.whom指人宾语Heisthepersontowhomyououghttoaddresstherequest.which指物主语、宾语ThisistheroominwhichIlivedwhenIwasyoung.that指人或物主语、宾语、表语Afterthisheisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.whose指人或物定语Thisisthestudentwhosehandwritingisthebestinourschool.when指时间时间状语IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.where指地点地点状语ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.why指原因原因状语I’dliketoknowthereasonwhyyouaresolate.注意：（1）作宾语时who和whom常可换用，但作宾语的关系代词前有介词时用whom。TheoldmanwithwhomIoftengototheparkismygrandfather.（2）“whose+名词”可与“限定词+名词+of+which”或“of+which+限定词+名词”换用。Thehousewhosewindows(=thewindowsofwhich或ofwhichthewindows)facethestreetismyuncle’s.二、关系代词与关系副词的选用依据判断依据说明例句根据从句中的谓语动词判断从句谓语为及物动词，后面若无宾语，就需用关系代词；从句谓语为不及物动词则要用关系副词Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.（visit是及物动词）Thisisthefactorywhereheusedtowork.（work是不及物动词）根据先行词在从句中所作的成分判断先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语时用关系代词；作状语时用关系副词Isthisthemuseum(that/which)youvisitedafewdaysago?（作宾语）Isthisthemuseumwheretheexhibitionwasheld?（作状语）三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别形式意义译法关系词的使用例句限制性定语从句不用逗号和主句隔开是不可缺少的，去掉后，主句意义不完整通常翻译成先行词的定语作宾语的关系代词可省略；可用that；可用who代替whomThisisthehouse(which)weboughtlastmonth.3 非限制性定语从句用逗号和主句隔开是对先行词的补充说明，如去掉，主句意思仍完整通常将主句和从句译成并列的句子作宾语的关系代词不可省略；不用that；不能用who代替whomThehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.四、that和which的区别类别说明例句只用that不用which的情况先行词是不定代词，或由不定代词修饰时Theysaidnothingthathurtourteacher.Ihavesomebooksthatareworthreading.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.先行词被thevery,theonly等修饰时ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Theoldcaristheonlythingthatheownsnow.主句中有which时WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?先行词既有人也有物时Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehaveheardof?有两个定语从句且其中一个已用了关系代词which时Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.只用which不用that的情况引导非限制性定语从句时Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.关系代词前有介词时Thereasonforwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.先行词本身是that时What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?五、as与which的用法区别区别说明例句从位置上区别as引导的定语从句可以放在主句之前、之中或之后，which引导的定语从句一般不放在主句之前ThePacificisthelargestocean,asweallknow.(=Asweallknow,thePacific...=ThePacific,asweallknow,...)Theroadwastooslippery,whichcausedlotsofaccidents.从意义上区别as引导的定语从句在语意上要和主句保持一致，常译为“正如...，像...”，表示说话人的观点或态度；which常译为“这一点”，表示对主句进行补充说明。如果非限制性定语从句表示否定意义则只能用whichHemadealongspeech,asweexpected.正如我们所预料的一样，他的演讲很长。Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.他的演讲很长，这是我们没有预料到的。3 六、“介词+关系代词”的用法情况说明例句介词+关系代词从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，关系代词可用which,whose,whom，不可用that,whoIsthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?ThemanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourEnglishteacher.名词/代词等+介词+关系代词常见的有some/several/afew/alittle/many/more/most/thelargestofwhich/whom等Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthinkaredifficultforyou.“介词+关系代词”中介词的选用依据定语从句中的动词或形容词等的习惯搭配确定Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.“介词+关系代词”中介词的选用依据与先行词的搭配确定I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountryside.根据所表达的意思确定Thecolourlessgaswithoutwhichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.3