福建省优质校2023-2024学年高三上学期12月阶段性检测英语试题（Word版附解析）

2024届高三质优校阶段检测英语试题(本试题卷共8页全卷满分150分考试用时120分钟)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Excited.B.Ashamed.C.Puzzled.2.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inatrain.B.Onabus.C.Inacar.3.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Toexpressthanks.B.Toaskforhelp.C.Tomakeaninvitation.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Acity.B.Abook.C.Anapp.5.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Visitingathemepark.B.Goingtothemuseum.C.Touringaroundaschool.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白,选出最佳选项。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.WhatdoesthemanthinkofhishighschoolEnglishteacher?A.She’sresponsible.B.She’sstrict.C.She’sgenerous.7.Whatisthewomangoingtodonext?A.Haveameal.B.Workonherproject.C.Seeadrama.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whoisthemanprobably?A.Ashopkeeper.B.Agovernmentofficial.C.Astreetcleaner.9.Whatsurprisesthemanaboutthestreetlamp? A.WhatpowersitB.Whoinventedit.C.Whereit’slocated.10.Whatwillthespeakersdotogether?A.Pickupcigaretteends.B.Recycledrinkcans.C.Collectdogwaste.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.Howlongcanthewomantalktotheman?A.About10minutes.B.About20minutes.C.About30minutes.12.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthethemeofthewoman’spaper?A.It’salittleboring.B.It’sabitbroad.C.It’sveryordinary.13.WhatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodoA.Buysomenewbooks.B.Turntoherflatmate.C.Goovertheliterature.听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。14.Whydothespeakersmakethelantern?A.Foraclass.B.Forafestival.C.Foracompetition.15.Whatisthewidthofthehandle?A.2cm.B.3cm.C.4cm.16.Whatshouldthemandoafterthewomanfoldsthepaperinhalf!A.Rollthepaperintoatube.B.Cutthepaperintonarrowpieces.C.Refoldthepapertheotherwayround.17.Howdoesthewomandecoratetheoutsideofthelantern?A.Bydrawingsomeflowers.B.Byaddingpaperstars.C.Bydoingcoloredlines.听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。18.Whatwillthelistenershavetogivethespeakertoday?A.Themedicalform.B.Thebankdetailsform.C.Thecontractofemployment.19.Howwillthelistenerslearnabouthealthandsafety?A.Fromafilm.B.Fromaguide.C.Fromatalk.20.Whatcanthelistenersenjoy?A.Freeuseofhotelgym.B.Discountedrestaurantmeals.C.Freetransporttoandfromwork.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题:每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 ANOTICEDearparents/students,AllthosestudentswhohaveregisteredfortheMeasles-RubellaVaccine(麻疹风疹疫苗),pleasenotethattheschoolisorganizingthefreeVaccinationCamponTuesday.Therefore,youarerequestedtotakenoteofthedetailsasgivenbelow:1.EntryandExitforparentswillbefromGateNo.6oftheMainBuilding:Onlyoneparentmaycollecttheirchild.2.Theparentisrequestedtoreportwitha“PickUpCard”atthegiventimeandwaitinthePrayerHalluntilthevaccineisreceived.3.Itisamusttorstudentstocollecttheirvaccinationcardsoonafterinoculation(预防接种)fromRoomNo.116:Arrangementswillbeasfollows:Class(es)VaccinationTimeDepartureTime9&1010:00a.m.-10:40a.m.11:30a.m.810:40a.m.-11:20a.m.11:45a.m.711:20a.m.-11:40a.m.12:30p.m.611:40a.m.-12:00p.m.12:50p.m.Notes:•Studentswhodidn’tregistermustshowtheirVaccinationCertificate,ormedicalproofofbeingunsuitableforvaccination,andhavenormalclassesuntildeparturetime.•Studentswhotakethevaccinehavetobringtheirschoolidentitycard.Finally,Iwouldliketorequestyoukeeptheabove-mentionedpointsinmindandamlookingforwardtoyourwholeheartedcooperationandsupport.Regards,LoveleenSaigalPrincipal1.Whereshouldparentswaitfortheirchildren?A.AtGateNo.6.B.InRoomNo.116. C.Intheclassroom.D.InthePrayerHall.2.Whichclassisprobablyreceivingthevaccineat11:30a.m.?A.Class6.B.Class7.C.Class8.D.Class9.3.Whatshouldstudentstakewhentheygoforthevaccination?A.Theirschoolidentitycard.B.TheirVaccinationCertificate.C.APickUpCard.D.Medicalproof.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了学生打麻疹风疹疫苗需要注意的事项。【1题详解】细节理解题。由文章标号2部分中“Theparentisrequestedtoreportwitha“PickUpCard”atthegiventimeandwaitinthePrayerHalluntilthevaccineisreceived.(要求家长在指定时间持“接诊卡”报到，并在PrayerHall等候，直到接种疫苗。)”可知，家长需要在PrayerHall等候。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。由文章表格的第二行“7(7(班))”、“11:20a.m.-11:40a.m.(上午11:20-上午11:40。)”可知，7班可能在上午11:30接种疫苗。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。由表格下面的Notes部分中“Studentswhotakethevaccinehavetobringtheirschoolidentitycard.(接种疫苗的学生必须携带学生证。)”可知，学生接种疫苗时应该带学生证。故选A。BHaveyoueverreceivedanunwantedgiftandstillsaid“thankyou”?Thischoicetohideanegativeemotionisadisplayrule-oneofmanywhichdefinesociallyappropriateresponsestoemotions.Althoughdisplayrulescanpromoteinterpersonalharmony,theycanalsohavenegativeconsequencesforthepersonchoosingtochangehowtheyexpressemotions.Asmoresocialinteractiongoesonline,scientistsareinvestigatinghowemojisareusedtoreflectouremotionsindifferentcontexts.Aretheredisplayrulesthatapplytoemojis,andhowdothoseaffectpeople’swell-being?MoyuLiuoftheUniversityofTokyoinvestigatedthisquestioninastudypublishedinFrontiersinPsychology,Forhisstudy,Liufound1,289participants,allusersofthemost-downloadedemojikeyboardinJapan,Simeji,toinvestigatehowemojiswereusedtoexpressormaskemotions.TheparticipantsanLiu’sstudyprovidedpersonalinformation,answeredquestionsabouttheirsubjectivewell-being,andratedhowoftentheyusedemojis.Theyweregivenmessageswithvaryingsocialcontexts,respondedto themastheywouldnormally,andratedtheintensityoftheexpressionoftheiremotions.Liufoundthatpeoplechosetoexpressmoreemotionswithemoiisinprivatecontextsorwithclosefriends.Respondentsexpressedleastemotiontowardsindividualswhoholdahighersocialposition.Intenseexpressionsofemotioncamewithmatchingemojis,unlesspeoplefelttheneedtomasktheirtrueemotions:forinstance,usingsmilingemojistomasknegativeemotions.Negativeemojiswereusedonlywherenegativefeelingswereverystronglyfelt.Expressingemotionswithemoiiswasassociatedwithhighersubjectivewell-beingcomparedtomaskingemotions.Liuemphasizedthatthestudyshouldbeexpandedinthefuture.TheSimejikeyboardisextremelypopularamongyoungwomen,whichcausedanimbalanceinthesampletowardswomenandGenerationZ.However,thisalsoreflectedthegenderimbalanceinuseofemojisingeneralandtheSimejikeyboardinparticular.Abroaderpoolofparticipantswouldprovideafullerpictureofthedisplayrulesaroundemojis.4.Whydopeoplefollowdisplayrules?A.Toavoidmoralstress.B.Toexpresstheirrealemotions.C.Tomaintainpositiverelationships.D.Toshakeofftheirnegativethoughts.5.Whatmayparticipantsmostlikelydoduringonlineinteractionswiththeirleaders?A.Avoidusinganykindofemojis.B.Masktheirhappyemotionswithemojis.C.Usesmilingemojisasmuchaspossible.D.Sendnegativeemojistoshownegativefeelings.6.WhichaspectofthestudyneedsexpansionaccordingtoLiu?A.Itsresearchintention.B.Itsinvestigationmethods.C.Itsparticipantdatabase.D.Itspotentialapplications.7.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Youngwomenarethemostactiveemojiusers.B.Usingemojisproperlymattersindifferentcontexts.C.Emojisleadpeopletolosetouchwiththeirtrueemotions.D.Peopleuseemojistohide,aswellasshow,theirfeelings.【答案】4C5.A6.C7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着越来越多的社交活动出现在网上，科学家们正在研究表情符号是如何在不同的环境中反映我们的情绪的。文章介绍了关于人们使用表情符号的情况的研究开展过程以及研究的相关发现。 【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Althoughdisplayrulescanpromoteinterpersonalharmony,theycanalsohavenegativeconsequencesforthepersonchoosingtochangehowtheyexpressemotions.(虽然表现规则可以促进人际和谐，但它们也会对选择改变表达情绪方式的人产生负面影响)”可知，人们要遵循显示规则是为了维持积极的关系。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Liufoundthatpeoplechosetoexpressmoreemotionswithemoiisinprivatecontextsorwithclosefriends.Respondentsexpressedleastemotiontowardsindividualswhoholdahighersocialposition.(刘发现，人们在私人场合或与亲密的朋友在一起时，会选择用表情来表达更多的情感。受访者对社会地位较高的人表达的情感最少)”可知，参与者在与他们的领导进行在线互动时最有可能避免使用任何表情符号。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Liuemphasizedthatthestudyshouldbeexpandedinthefuture.TheSimejikeyboardisextremelypopularamongyoungwomen,whichcausedanimbalanceinthesampletowardswomenandGenerationZ.(刘强调，这项研究应该在未来扩大。Simeji键盘在年轻女性中非常受欢迎，这导致了样本中女性和Z世代的不平衡)”可知，根据刘的说法，研究的参与者数据库需要扩展。故选C。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Asmoresocialinteractiongoesonline,scientistsareinvestigatinghowemojisareusedtoreflectouremotionsindifferentcontexts.Aretheredisplayrulesthatapplytoemojis,andhowdothoseaffectpeople’swell-being?(随着越来越多的社交活动出现在网上，科学家们正在研究表情符号是如何在不同的环境中反映我们的情绪的。是否有适用于表情符号的显示规则，这些规则如何影响人们的幸福感？)”结合文章介绍了关于人们使用表情符号的情况的研究开展过程以及研究的相关发现。可知，这篇文章的主旨是人们用表情符号来隐藏和表达他们的感情。故选D。CWhenapassionatereaderclosesthecoversofabook,shetakesamomentortwotoemergefromthatuniversetotheworldoftheliving.Often,apartofthereaderstaysbehindinthebookishuniversethinking,“WhatifHarryPotterhadbeensortedintoSlytherin?WhatifCharliehaddecidedtomakenoodlesinhischocolatefactory?WhatifPippiLongstocking’sdadcamebackfromthepirateislands?”Fanfiction(同人小说)emergesfromthisrichworldofwhat-ifs.ItinvolveswritingextendedstoriesaboutliterarycharactersorplotsfromtheuniverseofbooksaswellasTVandfilm.However,fanfictionismuchmorethananextensionoftheoriginal.Itisagenre(体裁)createdbypassionatewriters.Andsinceyoungfansareemotionally investedintheuniverseofthesebooks,writingfanfictionisagreatwaytogetyoungerreaderstotaketheirfirststepsinwritingaswellascreativeexpressionintheformofanyothermedia.IseethishappeningfrequentlywhenI’maskedtojudgewritingcompetitionsinschools.ChildrenwritestoriesthataremostoftensetinsomeWesternorfantasyland,thecharactershavenameslikeJulianandHazel,andthereareplentyofotherreferencesthatareclearlydrawnfromthebookstheyhaveloved.Iwouldinitiallypointtheseoutandrecommendthatchildrendrawstoriesfromtherealityaroundthem,butIsoonstopped.Irealizedthatimitatingourfavoritewritersisthefirststepindevelopingavoiceofourown.Andthatiswherefanfictionbecomesthestartingpointinchildren’swritingjourney.Togetthemstarted,asparentsoradults,wecantalktochildrenaboutthebookstheylove,questionthemwithwhat-ifsandencouragethemtovoicetheirviewsthroughwriting.Oncetheyfinishtheirwriting,encouragethemtoshareitwithotherfans.FanfictionwriterssharetheirworkononlinewritingcommunitieslikeFanfiction.net,ArchiveofOurOwn(AO3),Commaful,etc.8.Whatarethequestionsinparagraph1about?A.Somegoodfanfictionideas.B.Readers’doubtsaboutfanfiction.C.Somemuch-debatedfictionstories.D.Theauthor’sadaptationsofherfavoritebooks.9.Howdoescreatingfanfictionaffecttheyoungaccordingtotheauthor?A.Itinspiresthemtowritemore.B.Itreducestheiraddictiontosocialmedia.C.Itisawayofexpressingtheirbademotions.D.Itencouragesthemtochallengetheclassics.10.Whatdoestheauthorfindaboutthestudentswhenjudgingwritingcompetitionsinschools?A.Theycreateverysimilarplots.B.Theywritealotabouttheirdailylife.C.Theybasetheirstoriesonotherbooks.D.Theynametheircharactersafterthemselves.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlyfocuson?A.Benefitsofkidsvoicingtheirviews.B.Qualitywaysofparent-childreading.C.Recommendedonlinewritingcommunities.D.Tipsforintroducingfanfictionwritingtokids.【答案】8.A9.A10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了同人小说这一文学体裁，表明激励孩子创作同人小说可以帮助他们进行创造性的表达，引导他们开启写作之旅，并提供了如何对孩子进行引导的建议。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Often,apartofthereaderstaysbehindinthebookishuniversethinking,“WhatifHarryPotterhadbeensortedintoSlytherin?WhatifCharliehaddecidedtomakenoodlesinhischocolatefactory? WhatifPippiLongstocking’sdadcamebackfromthepirateislands?”(通常，一部分读者会沉浸在书里世界的思维里，想着：“如果哈利波特被分到斯莱特林会怎么样？如果查理决定在他的巧克力工厂做面条呢？如果长袜子皮皮的爸爸从海盗岛回来呢？”)”和第二段中“Fanfiction(同人小说)emergesfromthisrichworldofwhat-ifs.ItinvolveswritingextendedstoriesaboutliterarycharactersorplotsfromtheuniverseofbooksaswellasTVandfilm.(同人小说诞生于这个丰富的假设世界。它包括从书籍、电视和电影中撰写关于文学人物或情节的延伸故事)”可知，这些问题是读者读完书后，基于书中的内容想出来的点子，这些点子可以催生出同人小说。因此，这些问题是一些不错的同人小说的想法。故选A项。9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Andsinceyoungfansareemotionallyinvestedintheuniverseofthesebooks,writingfanfictionisagreatwaytogetyoungerreaderstotaketheirfirststepsinwritingaswellascreativeexpressionintheformofanyothermedia.(由于年轻的粉丝们在这些书的世界里投入了感情，写同人小说是让年轻读者迈出写作第一步的好方法，也是用其他媒介形式进行创造性表达的好方法)”可知，作者认为创作同人小说可以帮助年轻人开启写作之旅，激励他们写更多的东西。故选A项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“IseethishappeningfrequentlywhenI’maskedtojudgewritingcompetitionsinschools.ChildrenwritestoriesthataremostoftensetinsomeWesternorfantasyland,thecharactershavenameslikeJulianandHazel,andthereareplentyofotherreferencesthatareclearlydrawnfromthebookstheyhaveloved.(当我被要求在学校写作比赛中担任评委时，我经常看到这种情况发生。孩子们写的故事大多发生在西方或奇幻世界，人物有着像朱利安和黑兹尔这样的名字，还有很多其他的引文显然是从他们喜欢的书中提取出来的)”可知，作者发现学生们的故事常常取材于别的书。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Togetthemstarted,asparentsoradults,wecantalktochildrenaboutthebookstheylove,questionthemwithwhat-ifsandencouragethemtovoicetheirviewsthroughwriting.Oncetheyfinishtheirwriting,encouragethemtoshareitwithotherfans.FanfictionwriterssharetheirworkononlinewritingcommunitieslikeFanfiction.net,ArchiveofOurOwn(AO3),Commaful,etc.(为了让他们开始，作为父母或成年人，我们可以和孩子们谈论他们喜欢的书，用假设来问他们，鼓励他们通过写作表达自己的观点。一旦他们写完，鼓励他们与其他粉丝分享。同人小说作家在Fanfiction.net、ArchiveofOurOwn、Commaful等在线写作社区分享他们的作品)”可知，本段主要介绍了如何帮助孩子开启同人小说的写作之旅，提供了具体的建议以及有用的分享途径。故选D项。DNotallfatiscreatedequal.Thefatmostpeoplepictureisknownaswhitefat,sinceitlookswhiteor white-yellowwhenyouseeitundertheskin.Butyou’realsobornwithbrownfat,which,unsurprisingly,looksbrown.Brownfat—foundintheneckandshouldersofnewborns—ismetabolically(新陈代谢地)efficient,inthatitburnslotsofcalories,whichservesthepurposeofkeepingyouwarm(importantfornewborns).Welosemostofourbrownfatasweage.Byagesix,wehavelessthanfivepercentofthebrownfatwewerebornwith;thefatwegainovertimeisalmostallwhitefat.Oneofthemajorcausesofshortenedlifetimeandillnessesliketype2diabetesandmanycancersistheincreasinglevelofwhitefat.Soscientistshavelongtriedtofindwaystoactivatethatfatorturnwhitefatintobrownfat.However,oneroadblocktousingbrownfatisthatallthegoodstuffthatbrownfatdoeshastobeprogrammedintothepreviouslywhitefat,butthathasproveddoable.AgroupinDelawarehasactivatedbrownfatinafewwomenwithanalreadyapprovedmedication.ResearchersattheUniversityofCopenhagen(UCPH)haveputwhitefatintesttubesandturneditintobrownfat.Theytheninjectedthebrownfatintofatsheep.Ashoped,thesheepwithmorebrownfatgotthinandlosttheirmetabolicsyndromeanddiabetes.Thetimetableforthisgame-changingabilitytoturnwhitefattobrownfatispredictedtobelessthanfiveyearsawayafterhumanstudiesstart.Ifscientistsfindawaytoreplacewhitefatwithbrownfat,itwilllikelymitigaterisksofdiseaseslikediabetes,heartdisease,stroke,andbraindisordergreatlyandprovideincreasedenergylevels.Thatis,youbecomeoperationallyyounger.Bringiton!12.Whatistheproblemwithbrownfat?A.Itdecreasesquicklywithage.B.Itcanleadtomanyillnesses.C.Itfunctionspoorlyinnewborns.D.Itcanslowdownthemetabolism.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutbrownfatfromtheresearchofUCPH?A.Itoriginatesfromwhitefat.B.Itcanbeactivatedbymedication.C.Itmaybethekeytoweightloss.D.Ithastoworkwithwhitefat.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigate”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Assess.B.Reduce.C.Identify.D.Involve.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MakethebestofwhitefatB.ActivatingbrownfatvschangingwhitefatC.ThisgoodfatcouldkeepyouhealthyD.Brownfathelpskeepbabieswarm【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.C【解析】【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了棕色脂肪是有益的脂肪，可以保持人体的健康，但随着年龄的增长，这种脂肪会迅速减少，因此研究人员在尝试激活棕色脂肪或将白色脂肪转化为棕色脂肪，以解决很多疾病问题。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Welosemostofourbrownfatasweage.Byagesix,wehavelessthanfivepercentofthebrownfatwewerebornwith;thefatwegainovertimeisalmostallwhitefat.(随着年龄的增长，我们会失去大部分棕色脂肪。到六岁时，我们的棕色脂肪还不到出生时的5%；随着时间的推移，我们增加的脂肪几乎都是白色脂肪)”可知，棕色脂肪的问题在于它会随着年龄的增长而迅速减少。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“ResearchersattheUniversityofCopenhagen(UCPH)haveputwhitefatintesttubesandturneditintobrownfat.Theytheninjectedthebrownfatintofatsheep.Ashoped,thesheepwithmorebrownfatgotthinandlosttheirmetabolicsyndromeanddiabetes.(哥本哈根大学UCPH的研究人员将白色脂肪放入试管中，并将其转化为棕色脂肪。然后他们将棕色脂肪注射到肥羊体内。正如所希望的那样，棕色脂肪较多的羊变瘦了，代谢综合征和糖尿病也消失了)”可知，在哥本哈根大学的研究中，注射较多棕色脂肪的羊变瘦了，与肥胖相关的疾病也消失了。由此推知，棕色脂肪可能是减肥的关键。故选C项。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“Ifscientistsfindawaytoreplacewhitefatwithbrownfat(如果科学家找到一种用棕色脂肪代替白色脂肪的方法)”和下文“…risksofdiseaseslikediabetes,heartdisease,stroke,andbraindisordergreatlyandprovideincreasedenergylevels.Thatis,youbecomeoperationallyyounger.(……糖尿病、心脏病、中风和大脑紊乱等疾病的风险，并提供了更高的能量水平。也就是说，你的身体运转变得更年轻)”可知，此处在描述用棕色脂肪代替白色脂肪的好处，这可以让人体运转得更好。由此推知，这可以减轻这些疾病的风险，mitigate意思应该是“减轻，缓解”，与reduce意思相近。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕棕色脂肪展开，第一段引出棕色脂肪的话题，表明其与白色脂肪不同；第二段说明棕色脂肪对人体的重要作用，及其减少对人体的坏处；第三段介绍一些尝试激活棕色脂肪或将白色脂肪转化为棕色脂肪的科学研究，表明其可行性；第四段预测这些研究的前景，以及带来的好处。由此可知，文章的主题是普及有关棕色脂肪的健康知识和医学应用，因此C项“这种有益的脂肪可以使你保持健康”突出了棕色脂肪的不同与作用，适合作为标题。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分;满分12.5分)读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoApologizetoaFriendWhenyouoffendorhurtafriend,ittestsyourfriendship.___16___Herearesomekeycomponentstokeepinmind. Recognizethatwhatyoudidwaswrong,andtakefullresponsibility.Beforeyoucanapologize,youmustfirstrecognizethatyouhavehurtorwrongedyourfriend.Nomatterwhatthecircumstanceswere,acknowledgethatyoumadeamistake,andtakeresponsibilityforyouractions.___17___Actquickly.Thoughyoumayfeelitwisetoletyourfriendhavealittlebitoftimetocooloff,youshouldn’twaittoolong.Thelongeryouwait,themoredifficultitwillbetoapologize.Moreover,bywaiting,youmightrationalize(为……找借口)thatwhatyoudidwasn’tthatterribleafterall.___18___Notapologizing,however,couldeventuallyruinyourrelationshipcompletely.___19___Inmanysituations,itisbesttoapologizefacetoface.Inaface-to-faceapologyyoucanansweranyquestionsyourfriendhasorexplainanythingthatyouneedto.Inmostcases,youwillwanttoapologizetoyourfriendinprivate,sogosomewherequietwherethetwoofyoucanbealoneandwhereyoufeelcomfortabletalkingaboutthissensitivematter.Listen.Afterapologizingandaskingforforgiveness,listenquietlytoyourfriend’sresponse.___20___Realizethatyourfriendmightnotbereadytoforgiveyouyet.And,dependingontheoffenseanditseffects,heorshemayneverbereadyorwillingtoforgiveyou.Justknowthatyouhavedoneyourbest.A.Apologizeinperson.B.Offeraletterofapology.C.Allowyourfriendtoexpresshis/herpainoranger.D.Don’ttrytosharetheblamewithothersormakeexcuses.E.TellyourfriendhowmuchyourrelationshipmeanstoyouF.Youmightconvinceyourselfthatyoudon’treallyneedtoapologize.G.However,apologizingforawrongdoingcanactuallystrengthenyourrelationship.【答案】16.G17.D18.F19.A20.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当你冒犯了或伤害了一个朋友时，你应该怎么做。【16题详解】由上文“Whenyouoffendorhurtafriend,ittestsyourfriendship.(当你冒犯或伤害朋友时，这是在考验你的友谊。)”可知，本空要说跟“怎样让友谊持续”有关的话题，故G选项“However,apologizingforawrongdoingcanactuallystrengthenyourrelationship.(然而，为错误行为道歉实际上可以加强你们的关系。)”能承接上文，且能引起下文“Herearesomekeycomponentstokeepinmind.(以下是一些需要记住的关键组件。)”具体怎样去道歉。故选G。【17题详解】 由上文“Beforeyoucanapologize,youmustfirstrecognizethatwhatyoudidwaswrong,andtakefullresponsibilityforyouractions.(在你道歉之前，你必须首先认识到你做错了，并为你的行为承担全部责任。)”可知，此处是说不要试图把责任推卸给其他人或者找借口。选项D“Don’ttrytosharetheblamewithothersormakeexcuses.(不要试图与他人分担责任或找借口。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选D。【18题详解】根据第三段第一句“Actquickly.”可知，要快速地做出反应。由上文“Thelongeryouwait,themoredifficultitwillbetoapologize.Moreover,bywaiting,youmightrationalize(为……找借口)thatwhatyoudidwasn’tthatterribleafterall.(你等得越久，道歉就越困难。此外，通过等待，你可能会合理地认为你所做的事情并没有那么可怕。)”因此，导致你可能会说服自己你不需要道歉。选项F“Youmightconvinceyourselfthatyoudon’treallyneedtoapologize.(你可能会说服自己你不需要道歉)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。【19题详解】由下文“Inmanysituations,itisbesttoapologizefacetoface.(在很多情况下，最好是当面道歉。)”可知，在许多情况下，最好是当面道歉。因此此处是说当面道歉。选项A“Apologizeinperson.(当面道歉)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。【20题详解】由下文“Realizethatyourfriendmightnotbereadytoforgiveyouyet.(要意识到你的朋友可能还没有准备好原谅你。)”可知，此处是说他/她不原谅你的体现。选项C“Allowyourfriendtoexpresshis/herpainoranger.(允许你的朋友表达他/她的痛苦或愤怒)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Formanyyears,Dr.Freedwasadoctorinourlocalcommunity.Hemadehouse___21___.You’dseethelightson,lateatnightwhensomebodyhadan___22___.Hewasalwaysthereforhispatients.Buthewas80yearsoldnow,andhislifehadtakena___23___.Nomorebustling(忙碌)about.Hewaslaidupinawheelchairaftera___24___,which,notsurprisingly,hadtriggered(引发)___25___feelingsfromlastingpost-surgicalpain.Hecametoseemeto___26___whathetermedhis“uncertainfuture.”Theproblem,asheexplainedit,wasthatitwashardtoexaminepatientsifhecouldhardlymove.Hesaid,“___27___ismylife.IfIgiveitup,what’sleftforme?”My___28___wastohelphim.Thekey,Ithought,wasforhimto___29___toseehimselfasavitalpartofthecommunity.I___30___thatheshouldwriteabouthismedicalexperiencesifhewas___31___todoit.Hethoughtwritingabookwasagoodidea. “MaybemyrolenowistopassonwhatI’velearnedtothe___32___.”saidDr.Freed.WecanlearnalotfromDr.Freed’sexperienceinpursuinghappinessthroughpersonalgrowthFirst,itisthatyou’renevertoo___33___.Secondmakingsome___34___duringeachphaseoflifeisimportant.Duringolderage,___35___wisdomandexperienceisoftenasourceofsatisfaction.21.A.observationsB.rulesC.regardsD.calls22.A.emergencyB.achievementC.embarrassmentD.adventure23.A.shotB.step.C.turnD.risk24.A.decisionB.testC.failureD.fall25.A.guiltyB.depressiveC.honestD.optimistic26.A.trustB.determineC.exploreD.monitor27.A.InterestB.BeliefC.PeaceD.Medicine28.A.researchB.requestC.concernD.chance29.A.continueB.happenC.pretendD.hesitate30.A.announcedB.orderedC.warnedD.suggested31.A.safeB.welcomeC.ableD.right32.A.committeeB.communityC.schoolD.agency33.A.oldB.oddC.busyD.bitter34.A.promisesB.adjustmentsC.commentsD.mistakes35.A.givingofB.waitingforC.showingoffD.puttingaside【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.D25.B26.C27.D28.C29.A30.D31.C32.B33.A34.B35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了Freed医生的经历，并指出人们从中应得到的人生感悟。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他出诊。A.observations观察；B.rules规则；C.regards注意；D.calls呼吁。根据前文的“Dr.Freedwasadoctorinourlocalcommunity”可知，弗里德医生是社区的一名医生，因此他出诊。housecall“出诊”。故选D项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你会看到灯亮着，在深夜，当有人有紧急情况时。A.emergency紧急情况；B.achievement成就；C.embarrassment尴尬；D.adventure冒险。根据前文的“You’dseethelightson,lateatnight”可知，有人有紧急情况，才会在深夜灯亮着。故选A项。 【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他现在已经80岁了，他的生活发生了转折。A.shot射击；B.step步骤；C.turn转动，变化；D.risk危险。根据前文的“Hemadehouse1.You’dseethelightson,lateatnightwhensomebodyhadan2.Hewasalwaysthereforhispatients.”和后文“Nomorebustling(忙碌)about.Hewaslaidupinawheelchairaftera4,which,notsurprisingly,hadtriggered(引发)5feelingsfromlastingpost-surgicalpain.”可知，他的生活发生了很大的变化。故选C项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次跌倒后，他一直躺在轮椅上，毫不奇怪，这引发了持续的术后疼痛带来的抑郁情绪。A.decision决定；B.test测试；C.failure失败；D.fall跌倒。根据前文的“Buthewas80yearsoldnow”和“Hewaslaidupinawheelchairafter”可知，他一直躺在轮椅上是因为他的摔倒。故选D项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一次跌倒后，他一直躺在轮椅上，毫不奇怪，这引发了持续的术后疼痛带来的抑郁情绪。A.guilty内疚的；B.depressive抑郁的；C.honest诚实的；D.optimistic乐观的。根据后文的“whathetermedhis“uncertainfuture.””可知，他所谓的“不确定的未来”是抑郁情绪的表现。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他来找我探讨他所谓的“不确定的未来”。A.trust信任；B.determine确定；C.explore探讨，探索；D.monitor监视。根据后文的“whathetermedhis“uncertainfuture.””可知，他对未来不确定，故来和“我”探讨。故选C项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说:“医学是我的生命。如果我放弃了，我还剩下什么？”A.Interest利息；B.Belief信念；C.Peace和平；D.Medicine医学。根据前文的“Formanyyears,Dr.Freedwasadoctorinourlocalcommunity.”和“itwashardtoexaminepatientsifhecouldhardlymove”可知，他把医学看成自己的生命。故选D项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我关注的事情就是帮助他。A.research研究；B.request请求；C.concern关注，（某人）负责的事；D.chance机会。根据后文的“Thekey,Ithought,wasforhimto9toseehimselfasavitalpartofthecommunity.I10thatheshouldwriteabouthismedicalexperiencesifhewas11todoit.”可知，我想出办法帮助他，故可看出这是我关注的事情。故选C项。【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为，关键是他要继续把自己视为社区的重要组成部分。A.continue继续；B.happen发生；C.pretend假装；D.hesitate犹豫。根据前文的“Hewaslaidupinawheelchairaftera4,which,notsurprisingly,hadtriggered(引发)5feelingsfromlastingpost-surgicalpain.”和后文的“seehimselfasavitalpartofthecommunity.”可知，事情的关键是他要继续把自己视为社区的重要组成部分。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我建议，如果他有能力的话，应该把他的医疗经历写下来。A.announced宣布；B.ordered命令；C.warned警告；D.suggested建议。根据后文的“heshouldwriteabouthismedicalexperiences”可知，这是“我”给他的建议。故选D项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我建议，如果他有能力的话，应该把他的医疗经历写下来。A.safe安全的；B.welcome受欢迎的；C.able能够的；D.right正确的。根据前文的“heshouldwriteabouthismedicalexperiences”可知，it指代写他的医疗经历这件事，故“我”建议他有能力的话可以做这件事。故选C项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许我现在的角色是把我学到的东西传递给社区。A.committee委员会；B.community社区；C.school学校；D.agency机构。根据前文的“Formanyyears,Dr.Freedwasadoctorinourlocalcommunity.”可知，Freed医生可以把自己的知识传递给社区的人。故选B项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：首先，你永远不会太老。A.old老的；B.odd古怪的；C.busy忙碌的；D.bitter苦的。根据前文的“Buthewas80yearsoldnow”和“Hethoughtwritingabookwasagoodidea.“MaybemyrolenowistopassonwhatI’velearnedtothe12.”saidDr.Freed.”可知，不管多大的年龄都可以为大家做贡献，永远不会太老。故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二，在人生的每个阶段做一些调整是很重要的。A.promises承诺；B.adjustments调整；C.comments评论；D.mistakes错误。根据前文的“Hemadehouse1.You’dseethelightson,lateatnightwhensomebodyhadan2.Hewasalwaysthereforhispatients.”、“MaybemyrolenowistopassonwhatI’velearnedtothe12.”和后文“duringeachphaseoflife”可知，在人生的每个阶段都要做一些调整。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在老年时期，智慧和经验的传授往往是一种满足。A.givingof给予；B.waiting for等待；C.showingoff炫耀；D.puttingaside搁置。根据前文的“MaybemyrolenowistopassonwhatI’velearnedtothe12.”可知，传授智慧和经验往往是一种满足。故选A项。第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ManyAfricanconservationgroupsareusingfootballtoraiseawarenessaboutenvironmental____36____(preserve).TakeTanzania,forexample.Thenon-profitorganizationPeaceforConservationmakes____37____mostofthepopularityoffootballinthecountrytoinspireyouthstotakeactionforconservation.PeaceforConservationworkswithlocalorganisersoffootballtournaments____38____(educate)andattractsupportfortheiranti-poaching(反偷猎的)campaigns.Winnersofthefootballtournamentswillevenreceivesafaritours(野外观善旅行)tothe____39____(country)SerengetiNationalParkoftheKijereshiGameReserve,soastofurthertheeducationofwildlifeconservationamongtheyouth.TheworkofPeaceforConservation____40____(remind)usthattherearemanywaysthatwecanplayourpart____41____conservation.Usingfootballandsportsasawayof____42____(raise)awarenessaboutwildlifeandenvironmentconservationhasproventobe____43____(effect)inengagingthepublicaboutatopic____44____mayotherwiseescapetheirattention.Indeed,whatbetterwaytogatherhugenumbersarounda_____45_____(share)goal—creatingagreenerworld—thanbyusingthegamesowelllovedbypeopleallovertheglobe?【答案】36.preservation37.the38.toeducate39.country’s40.reminds41.in42.raising43.effective44that##which45.shared【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了许多非洲保护组织都在利用足球来提高人们对环境保护的认识，并给出了坦桑尼亚的例子。非营利组织“和平保护”充分利用足球在该国的受欢迎程度，激励年轻人采取保护行动。【36题详解】 考查名词。句意：许多非洲保护组织都在利用足球来提高人们对环境保护的认识。作介词的宾语，应用名词preservation，故填preservation。【37题详解】考查冠词。句意：非营利组织“和平保护”充分利用足球在该国的受欢迎程度，激励年轻人采取保护行动。短语makethemostof表示“充分利用”。故填the。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：保护和平组织与当地足球锦标赛的组织者合作，教育和吸引人们支持他们的反偷猎运动。分析句子结构可知educate在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填toeducate。【39题详解】考查名词所有格。句意：足球比赛的获胜者甚至将获得前往该国塞伦盖蒂国家公园的基杰雷希野生动物保护区的狩猎之旅，从而进一步向年轻人宣传野生动物保护。此处country与SerengetiNationalParkoftheKijereshiGameReserve为所属关系，应用名词所有格形式。故填country’s。【40题详解】考查时态。句意：和平促进自然保护的工作提醒我们，我们可以通过许多方式在自然保护中发挥自己的作用。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为TheworkofPeaceforConservation，谓语用三单形式。故填reminds。【41题详解】考查介词。句意：和平促进自然保护的工作提醒我们，我们可以通过许多方式在自然保护中发挥自己的作用。表示“在……中发挥作用”短语为playpartin。故填in。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：事实证明，利用足球和体育作为提高野生动物和环境保护意识的一种方式，可以有效地吸引公众关注一个可能会逃避他们注意力的话题。作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填raising。【43题详解】考查形容词。句意：事实证明，利用足球和体育作为提高野生动物和环境保护意识的一种方式，可以有效地吸引公众关注一个可能会逃避他们注意力的话题。作表语，应用形容词effective。故填effective。【44题详解】考查定语从句。句意：事实证明，利用足球和体育作为提高野生动物和环境保护意识的一种方式，可以有效地吸引公众关注一个可能会逃避他们注意力的话题。定语从句修饰先行词topic，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。【45题详解】考查形容词。句意：事实上，还有什么比使用这个深受全球人民喜爱的游戏更好的方法来聚集大量的人来实现一个共同的目标——创造一个更绿色的世界呢？修饰名词goal应用形容词shared。故填shared。 第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.某英文网站开展了一项以Whattechnologyisusedinhighschool为题的调查。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文，内容包括：1.技术使用状况描述；2.简单评论；3.你的建议。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Schoolsinourcityhavebeenusingavarietyoftechnologiestoimprovetheirstudents’learningexperience.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:Schoolsinourcityhavebeenusingavarietyoftechnologiestoimprovetheirstudents’learningexperience.Accordingtothesurveyresultsonthetopic“Whattechnologyisusedinhighschool”,computerlabsareutilizedby85%oftheschoolssurveyed.Additionally,60%utilizeinteractivewhiteboards,whileonly15%incorporate3Dprintingtechnology.Lastly,amere5%oftheschoolsimplementvirtualreality(VR)headsets.Thisdatahighlightsthevaryingdegreesoftechnologyintegrationinhighschools.Computerlabsarewidelyadopted,whichindicatestheimportanceofcomputerskills.Theuseofinteractivewhiteboardsalsosuggestsanemphasisoninteractivelearningexperiences.However,thelowratesof3DprintingandVRheadsetsusagerevealapotentialareaforimprovement. Itisadvisabletoencouragemoreschoolstoincorporate3Dprintingandvirtualrealitytechnologies.Thesetechnologiescanprovidestudentswithhands-onexperiencesandimmersivelearningopportunities.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于图表作文。题目要求考生根据图表中的调查结果写一篇短文，需描述技术使用状况，对状况作简单评论，并提出个人的建议。【详解】1.词汇积累此外：additionally→what’smore,inaddition突出：highlight→spotlight,underline不同的：varying→varied,different表明：indicate→demonstrate,reflect,reveal2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Itisadvisabletoencouragemoreschoolstoincorporate3Dprintingandvirtualrealitytechnologies.拓展句：Itisadvisedthatmoreschoolsshouldbeencouragedtoincorporate3Dprintingandvirtualrealitytechnologies.【点睛】[高分句型1]Accordingtothesurveyresultsonthetopic“Whattechnologyisusedinhighschool”,computerlabsareutilizedby85%oftheschoolssurveyed.(运用了过去分词surveyed作后置定语)[高分句型2]Computerlabsarewidelyadopted,whichindicatestheimportanceofcomputerskills.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。TomandJaneplannedaholidayatthelake,andtheydecidedtotaketheirchildren,TimandSarah,withthem.However,TimandSarahwanted:tovisitDisneyWorldfortheirholidayorhireayacht(游艇)inHawaii.Campingbythelakewasn’tevenontheirlistofholidayadventures.“Wecanvisitsomeoftheislandstoo,”Janesaid.“YourdadandIalwayswantedtoexplorethemysteriouscabinonMooseIsland.”Mysteriouscabin?Thechildrenwerenowfarmoreinterestedinthislakeholidayidea.“WemightseeBigfoot,”Timsaid.“Orsomeunusualspecies!”Sarahturnedtoherparents.“We’rein.Whendoweleave?”Thechildren’sexcitementquicklydisappearedwhentheyarrivedatthelake.Whiletheirparentswerecarryingtheirsuitcasesinside,TimandSarahstoodonthepathandstaredatthecabinthey’dbestayinginforthenextweek, complainingaboutthesmellaround,thedust,andthevarioussmallinsects.“We’reinnaturenow,kids.Enjoytheexperience!Yourdadisbuildingafiresowecanhavebarbecuedfishandpotatoesbakedinthecoals.Isn’tthatgreat?”Sarahchoked.“Iamnoteatingfoodcookedincoals!Iwanttakeawayinstead.”“Metoo.”Timwasabouttocry.“Holidaysaresupposedtobefun,Mom.”“Comeonguys.There’salotofjoytobefoundinlivingasimplelifeandspendingtimetogetherasafamily.”“Peopleinthesuburbsliveasimplelife,whichismorelikebeinghomeless!”Sarahshouted“Yeah,”Timadded.“Howcantherenotbeasinglerestaurantthatdelivershere?Howdothesepeoplesurvive?”“Theyeatcoalpotatoes!”Sarahlaughed.“Andfishtheykillwiththeirbarehands!”Sarahranaway,andTimfollowed.Janeburiedherheadinherhands.Sherealizedshehadtodosomethingtocorrecttheirchildren’sattitudetowardssimplelife.Afterdinner,shetoldallaboutthistoTom,whoagreedwithJane.Thentheycameupwithanidea.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Thenextmorning,TimandSarahenteredthemainroomtodemandtheyleaveimmediately,butneitherMomnorDadwasinthere.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:WhenTimwasabouttofallasleep,heheardthesoundofheavyfootstepsoutside,whichwereapproaching.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thenextmorning,TimandSarahenteredthemainroomtodemandtheyleaveimmediately,butneitherMom norDadwasinthere.Theylookedeverywhereforthefigureoffatherandmother,insideandoutside,butonlytofindthattheywereindeednothere.Theybegantopanic,thinkingTomandJanehadabandonedthem.Soonitwasnoon.Seeingthattherewasnothingtoeatatonce,theyweredesperate.Suddenlytheyrememberedthatherparentshadsaidthattheycouldcookbarbecuedfishandpotatoes,sotheyimmediatelyputintopractice,hopingtoquicklyfilltheirstomachs.Buttheycoulddonothinganditwasgettingdark.WhenTimwasabouttofallasleep,heheardthesoundofheavyfootstepsoutside,whichwereapproaching.Timwokeupquicklytoseewhowascoming.Hesawhismotherandfather,wakingSarahuphappily.Momanddadsawtheirfaceswereblackenedbecauseofcoal,movedtohugandpraisethem,andsaid“Thisisasimplelife,children.Youmustenjoytheexperienceofnature.”Andquicklytheybroughtoutthebarbecuedfishandpotatoes.Thistime,theyseemedsodelicious,whichnothingcouldbecomparedwith.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达是读后续写。本文以人物为线索展开。汤姆和简计划去湖边度假，但他们的孩子蒂姆和萨拉不愿意。汤姆和简说服了孩子们。但是孩子们到达之后不喜欢大自然，尤其是不想吃吃炭火烤鱼和土豆。夫妻二人决定想办法改变孩子们的看法。【详解】1.段落续写①由第一段句首内容“第二天早上，蒂姆和萨拉走进主房间，要求他们立即离开，但爸爸妈妈都不在。”可知，第一段可以描写他们发现父母不在后的心理活动和动作。②由第二段句首内容“当蒂姆正要入睡时，他听到外面传来沉重的脚步声，脚步声越来越近了。”可知，第二段可以描写父母回来后孩子们的动作和心理活动。2.续写线索：发现离开—无助—自己尝试—失败—父母回来—高兴—好吃3.词汇激活行为类①寻找：lookfor/searchfor②发现：find/discover③抛弃：abandon/discard情绪类①恐慌的：panic/petrified②快乐地：happily/gladly【点睛】【高分句型1】Theylookedeverywhereforthefigureoffatherandmother,insideandoutside,butonlytofindthattheywereindeednothere.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)【高分句型2】Theybegantopanic,thinkingTomandJanehadabandonedthem.( 运用了现在分词thinking作伴随状语)【高分句型3】Timwokeupquicklytoseewhowascoming.(运用了who引导的限制性定语从句)