河北省衡水市冀州中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题（Word版附解析）

2023-2024学年上学期期中考试高三年级英语试题时间：120分钟总分：150分注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdoesthewomanaskAndytodo?A.Makehisroomneat.B.Pickupthebasket.C.Washthesocks.2.Whatisthemangoingtoorder?A.Chickensandwich.B.Beefsteak.C.Cheesepizza.3.Whydoesthemanwanttofindajob?A.Topayhistuition.B.Topleasehisfather.C.Tohaveabackupplan.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anairticketbookingservice.B.Anairticketdiscount.C.Achangeinflightschedule.5.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutheights? A.Excited.B.Frightened.C.Calm.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wherewilltheconcertbeheld?A.Atthestadium.B.Atthecityhall.C.Attheoperahouse.7.Whatwillthespeakersdobeforetheconcert?A.Buytickets.B.Eatdinner.C.Gotoaclub.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whydoesthemanfeelanxiousabouthisbirthday?A.Hehatesbeinginthespotlight.B.Hedoesn’twanttospendmoney.C.Heisafraidofaging.9.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandoonhisbirthday?A.Takephotoswithfriends.B.Dosomevolunteerwork.C.Buyapet.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atagallery.B.Atacharityparty.C.Atanawardceremony.11.WhyisthemanabletohaveDanielleGregory’sworkshere?A.Theyweredonatedtohim.B.Theywerelenttohim.C.Theywereboughtbyhim.12.WhatdoesthemanthinkofDanielleGregory?A.Difficult.B.Generous.C.Easygoing.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whendoesthewomanusuallywork?A.At8:30a.m.B.At9:00a.m.C.At9:30a.m. 14.Whatdoesthewomansayabouthersubwayridethismorning?A.Itwascrowdedwithpeople.B.Therewasadelay.C.Shemissedthetrain.15.Whyisthewomanunabletodrivetowork?A.Sheisafraidofdriving.B.Shehasnodriver’slicense.C.Shecan’taffordacarnow.16.Howwillthewomanprobablygettoworknexttime?A.Bytakingabus.B.Bysharingataxiwithothers.C.Bygoingonfoot.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhateventwilltakeplaceinGlasgow?A.Asportscompetition.B.Amusicalconcert.C.Apipebandcontest.18.Howlongwilltheeventlast?A.7hours.B.9hours.C.10hours.19.Whenwastheeventheldforthefirsttime?A.In1947.B.In1948.C.In1986.20.Whatdoesthecitycouncilsaytheeventwilldo?A.Contributealottothelocaleconomy.B.Enrichthelocalculture.C.Improvetheimageofthecity.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AChinatown,lyinginDowntownL.A.nearthecity’sculturalcenter,isoneofL.A.’smostpopulartouristdestinations.Whatareyouwaitingfor?Gotoexplorethisamazingplacerightnow! AMECCAFORFOODInChinatown,amixofnewandoldrestaurantsmeetseveryone’sneeds.EarlybirdsshouldstopbyPhilippeTheOriginal,alocalrestaurantthat’sbelovedforFrenchDipsandwiches,butalsoservesagoodclassicAmericanbreakfast.NightowlswillwanttoheadtoFullHouseSeafoodonHillStreet,whichisopenlateintothenight.CHINESEAMERICANMUSEUMFoodisfarfromtheonlyreasontovisitChinatown.PeopleinterestedinhistorywillwanttostarttheirtripattheChineseAmericanMuseum(CAM),lyingjustoutsideofChinatownatElPueblodeLosAngelesHistoricalMonument.ThemuseumishousedintheGarnierBuilding,theoldestsurvivingChinesebuildinginamajorareaofCalifornia.CENTRALPLAZAAbigstatueofBruceLeehasbecomeamust-photographsiteinChinatown’sCentralPlaza.ThelatemartialartsstaroncehadastudioinChinatownat628W.CollegeSt.NearbyisDragonChasingPearl,whichwasoriginallypaintedonthewallin1941byTyrusWong.Theartist,whopassedawayinDecember2016atage106,wasfamousforhisworkinfilms,particularlyastheleadartistonDisney’sBambi.FESTIVALSChinatownhostsmanyparty-styleeventsthroughouttheyear,likethemusicandfoodtruckChinatownSummerNights,theyearlyMoonFestivalandthebiggestone,ChineseNewYear!It’sreallyagoodplacetoexperienceL.A.’sculturaldiversity.1.Ofthefollowingplaces,whichonemaybepopularforitsbreakfast?A.GarnierBuilding.B.PhilippeTheOriginal.C.FullHouseSeafood.D.GoldenLakeEatery.2WhomightbeattractedtotheCAMmost?A.Achef.B.Adoctor.C.Adancer.D.Ahistorian.3.WhatcanyoudoinChinatown?A.VisitBruceLeeinperson.B.Tastedifferentfoodforfree.C.CelebratetheSpringFestival.D.ProtecttheoldestChinesebuilding.BKnowntodayas“FatheroftheBloodBank”,Dr.CharlesDrewwasakeypioneerindevelopingwaystostoreandtransportblood. In1950,atage45,DrewsufferedseriousinjuriesinacarcrashinNorthCarolina.Surgeonsatanearbyhospitalwereunabletosavehim.Hisdaughter,CharleneJarvis,wasjust8yearsoldwhenherfatherdied.Charlene,now80,andhersonErnestJarvis,59,rememberedDrew’slegacy(遗产)andhislifelong“driveforexcellence”inarecentinterview.Ernestaskedhismotherhowmuchsheknewabouttheworkherfatherwasdoingwhenshewasgrowingup.“ImustsaythatIdidn’tknowalotaboutwhatmyfatherwasdoinguntilhedied,”saidCharlene.Shewasinschoolonthedayofherdad’sfuneral.“Mymotherfeltthatitwasbetterthatwedidn’tattendthefuneral,”shesaid.YetCharleneborewitnesstohowmuchrespectotherpeoplehadforherfather.“Whenthefuneralprocessionleft,itwentbymyschool,”shesaid.“Isawthecarsgoingbyandthecarswentby,andtheywentby.AndIwassimplyastonishedthatthereweresomanypeoplewhorespectedhim.”Dr.DrewwasappointeddirectoroftheAmericanRedCross’sfirstbloodbankin1941,whichoversawbloodforusebytheUSArmyandNavy.HewentonthefollowingyeartoworkatFreedmen’sHospitalinWashington,D.C.--nowknownasHowardUniversityHospital--aschiefofsurgeryandasaprofessorofmedicine.Drewwasalsoafamousteachingsurgeonwhotrainedmanysurgeonsinhistime.“It’sagreatthingtothinkthathehasdonesomuchinsuchalittlebitoftime,”Charlenesaid.“IthinkIcallhimDr.Drewbecauseitisrespectful.Amanoftheagesisnotsomeonewhoiscalled‘Daddy’.”Charlene,followinginherfather’sscientificfootsteps,becameaneuroscientist(神经学家).“Drew’sdriveforexcellencewassomethingthatallofusfelt,”shesaid.Ernesttoldhismumthathewillpassontheirconversationsabouthisgrandfather’slegacytohischildrensothattheycantelltheirchildren.TheywillallknowthatDr.Drewblazedapathforthem.4.WhatcanwelearnfromCharleneJarvis’sdescriptioninparagraph3?A.Thetrafficconditionswereterriblethen.B.Herfatherwasdeeplylovedbypeople.C.Shehopedyoungpeoplecouldlearnfromherfather.D.Sheregrettedaboutmissingherfather’sfuneral.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blazed”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Developed.B.Followed.C.Left.D.Took.6.WhatdoweknowaboutDr.CharlesDrew?A.Hewasn’twidelyrecognizeduntilrecently.B.Hewaskilledbecauseofseriousbleeding.C.Hisfamilyweregreatlyinfluencedbyhim. D.HissonwasbroughtupbyCharleneJarvis.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheBriefHistoryofBloodBankingB.TheGrandFuneralofCharlesDrewC.TheFamilyTiesandWorkofCharlesDrewD.TheDeedsandInfluencesofCharlesDrewCFacingthegrowingdigitaleconomyandnewpositionsincubated(孵化)inthesectorsuchasdeliverymenandlive-streaminghosts,youngpeople,especiallythosebornafter2000,areexpressingastrongerwillingnessforflexibleworkrelationswithcompanies,andalsowishtobecome“digitalworkers”withflexibleworklocationsandschedules.AreportfromPekingUniversity’sNationalSchoolofDevelopmentreleasedonWednesdaysaidthatnearly66percentofsurveyedemployeesbornafter2000prefertoworkfromhome.Thenumberishigherthansurveyedpeoplebornafter1970,withabout54.4percentofthempreferringthenewway.“TheInternetcandoanythingforme.IcheckemailsfrommyclientsandsubmitmyproposalsthroughWeChat,thenwediscussplansviateleconference.Iloveworkingfromhomeactually,”saidMiLu,a28-year-oldnewmediaoperatorinBeijing.“It’samuchmoreconvenientandcoolerthing.Weworkeverywhere,perhapsinacafe,oronabullettrainorevenonthetableofarestaurant.”HuJiayin,anassociateprofessorinPekingUniversity’sNationalSchoolofDevelopment,concludedthattheirsurveyshowsthatyoungpeopledesirefreedomintheirjobs,butalsowishforstabilityintheircareersbecauseofuncertaintiesbroughtbythefast-changingdigitaleconomy.“Butthedevelopmentofthedigitaleconomyalsobringsgreatuncertaintiesandasenseofinsecuritytotheworkingpopulation,sowe’vefoundsomeinterestingthingsduringoursurveysthatover30percentofjobseekerswe’vesurveyedwishtohaveastablejobatstate-ownedcompanies,”sheadded.LiQiang,vice-presidentofZhaopin,saidthatthegreatestrisktothoseseekingflexibleworkiswhetherthecompanypaysthesalaryfullyandontime.“It’snecessaryforjobseekerstosetupalong-termdevelopmentplan,ratherthanbeshortsighted.”Headdedthatcompaniesmaybearrisksthatflexibleemployeescan’tdeliverhigh-qualityworkinalimitedtimeperiod,whichrequiresthecompaniestoestablishasoundworkdeliverystandardtohelpevaluateemployeeperformance.8.Whatattractstheyoungpeopletobecome“digitalworkers”?A.Theincreasingnetworksecurity.B.Theconvenienttransportation. C.Theflexibleworkingstyle.D.Thebrightprospects.9.WhatdoweknowaboutHuJiayin’sconclusion?ADigitaleconomyisinterestingandpromising.B.Youngpeoplepaylittleattentiontoinstabilityinworking.C.30%ofsurveyedjobseekersdesiretoworkingovernmentagencies.D.Thedevelopmentofdigitaleconomyisadouble-edgedswordforjobseekers.10.WhatdoesLiQiangmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Jobseekerslackambitions.B.Employersareshortsighted.C.Somecompaniesrequireworkingovertime.D.Flexibleworkconditionsneedsimproving.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothetopicofthetext?A.Favorable.B.Objective.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.DHousingrankshighamongthenumerouschallengesthatstillneedtobeovercomebeforehumanscancolonize(征服)Mars.Thebravepioneersthatmakethesix-monthvoyagetotheRedPlanetwillneedaplacetoliveinassoonastheyland.Whilethebestsolutionwouldbetohavethestructuresreadybeforetheygetthere,ithassofarbeenachallengegiventhatmostconstructionrobotshavenevermadeitoutofthelaboratory.Now,theremaybeabitofhopethankstoMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology’snewlyrevealedDigitalConstructionPlatform(DCP).TheDCPcomprisesadoublearmsystemthatisfittedonatrackedvehicle.Asthelargerarmmoves,thesmaller,precisionmotorroboticarmbuildsthestructurebyshootingoutthenecessaryconstructionmaterial,rangingfrominsulationfoam(绝缘泡沫)toconcrete.TheteamofresearchersledbyPh.D.StevenKeatingsaythatunlikeother3-Dprintersthatarelimitedtobuildingobjectsthatfitwithintheiroverallenclosure,DCP’sfreemovingsystemscanbeusedtoconstructstructuresofanysize.TheteamrecentlydemonstratedtheDCP’sbuildingskillsonanemptyfieldinMountainView,CA.Therobotbeganbycreatingamoldwithexpandingfoamthathardenswhendry.Itthenconstructedthebuilding,layerbylayer,usingsensorstoraiseitselfhigherasitprogressed.Thefinalproductwasasturdy“home”thathad50-footdiameterwallsanda12-foothighroofwithroomforessentialslikeelectricitywiresandwaterpipestobeinsertedinside.Evenmoreimpressive?Ittookamere14hoursto“print”!Theresearchers’nextplanistomaketheDCPsmartenoughtoanalyzetheenvironmentwherethestructureisgoingtobebuiltanddeterminethematerialdensitiesbestsuitedforthearea.However,that’snoteventhebest part.FutureDCPmodelsaregoingtobesolar-powered,autonomous,and,mostimportantly,capableofsourcingconstructioncomponentsfromitssurroundings.Thismeanstherobotcanbesenttoremote,disaster-strickenareas,andperhapseventoMars,tobuildsheltersusingwhatevermaterialisavailable.12Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.HousingpioneersonMarsisareality.B.ColonizingMarsisoutofthequestion.C.BuildingstructuresonMarsisinthetestingphases.D.FindingaliveableplaceonMarsisatoppriority.13.HowdoestheDCPdifferfromother3-Dprinters?A.Itconsumeslesstime.B.Itcomesinmoredifferentsizes.C.Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Itcanbuildmorediversestructures.14.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThesuccessfulcaseoftheDCP.B.TheworkingprincipleoftheDCP.C.TheinstructionsofusingtheDCP.D.ThelimitationoftheDCP’sfunction.15.WhatmightbethebiggesthighlightoffutureDCP?ABeingpoweredbysolar.B.Buildingsheltersanywhere.C.Collectingbuildingmaterialsonsite.D.Analyzingbuildingmaterialdensities.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WaystoCutYourCarbonFootprintYourcarbonfootprint,whichdrivesmoreglobalwarming,isassociatedwitheverythingfrompoweringourhomestogettingaround,producingourfoodandmakingallthestuffwebuy.Therearedozensofthingswecandotocutourcarbonfootprint.Reducefoodwaste.Aboutone-thirdofallfoodgetswastedeachyear.Producingfoodthatwon’tbeeatenwastesvaluableresources,includingenergy.Italsocreatesalotofgreenhousegases.Someonecouldcuttheirfoodcarbonfootprintby12percentbynotwastingpurchasedfood.____16____ ____17____MostU.S.electricitycomesfromamixofsources,includingfossilfuels.Unlessahomeisfullypoweredbyrenewablesources,suchaswindandsolar,peoplewillneedtouselesselectricitytocuttheirenergycarbonfootprint.Jacketyourhomewithinsulation(隔热材料).Whenit’schillyout,athickjacketholdsinourbodyheattokeepuswarm.____18____Thickinsulationinthewalls,roofsandfloorskeepsheatinsideinwinterandoutdoorsinsummer.RoughlyfourineveryfiveU.S.homeswouldsaveenergycostsandcutgreenhousegasemissionsiftheyaddedmoreinsulation.____19____Peoplewhousetraditionalvehiclescanmakeupthelargestpartofthecarbonfootprint.That’swhypeopleshouldwalkmore,ridebikesortakemasstransportation.Ifyouneedtouseacar,consideranelectricvehicle(EV).Oncetheyhittheroads,EVsdon’temitplanet-warminggases.Buylessnewstuff.Everythingwebuyalsocontributestoourcarbonfootprints.Soakeywaytoshrinkthosefootprintsistobuyfewernewthings.Shoppingforthesecondhandgoodscutsmuchpollution,____20____Andrecyclewhereveryoucan.A.Uselessenergy.B.Greenyourtravel.C.Eatmoreplant-basedfoods.D.Soavoidtypesdesignedtobeusedjustonce.E.Nextbestistoextendthelifeofyourproducts.F.Insulatingourhomesdoesmuchthesamething.G.Onetip:Buyonlyasmuchfoodasyouplantouse.第一节完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,____21____canalsodriveyoumad.They’llcomerushingin,____22____theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.They’ll____23____thattheyleftitinthechangingroom,createchaos（混乱）andthen____24____ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethemtokeep____25____.Irememberthefirstreally____26____customerwehadatCoventGarden.Shewas____27____absolutelyeverything,nothingwasrightandIwasrathersurprisedthatshebecamea“regular”.Afterawhile,she____28____forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflatbyherself,andsinceshe’dfoundittoomuchtocopewith（应对）,she’dtakenitoutonotherpeople.Thattaughtmeavaluable____29____andIpassitontothepeoplewho______30______inthemarket.Don’t takeit______31______.Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink"Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.Maybeherchild’snot_____32_____.”Alwayswateritdownanddon’tletyourego（自我）get______33______.Ifyoudo,youwon’beableto_____34_____itandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthat______35______everyone’sday.21.A.shopkeepersB.customersC.salespersonsD.receptionists22.A.sayingB.pretendingC.guessingD.replying23.A.agreeB.promiseC.imagineD.swear24.A.forgetB.decideC.discoverD.assume25.A.fightingB.smilingC.waitingD.changing26.A.generousB.politeC.carelessD.difficult27.A.curiousaboutB.displeasedwithC.patientwithD.uncertainabout28.A.searchedB.arguedC.prayedD.apologized29.A.lessonB.trickC.skillD.trade30.A.workB.shopC.meetD.quarrel31.A.kindlyB.secretlyC.personallyD.casually32.A.readyB.awayC.upD.well33.A.outofsightB.inthewayC.behindthesceneD.abovethelaw34.A.stressB.expectC.handleD.blame35.A.ruinsB.makesC.startsD.saves第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分20分)在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。36.AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse________(appoint)toguardher.（所给词的适当形式填空）37.Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeitmucheasierforthepublic________(spend)moreongiftsfortheirlovedones.(所给词的适当形式填空)38.Over3,000lives________(claim)inthe1906SanFranciscoearthquakeandtheseriesoffiresthatoccurredafterit.(所给词的适当形式填空)39.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIsuddenlyrealizednobodywas________（happy）thanIwas.（所给词的适当形式填空）40.They________(seek)foraplacetoshelterfromtherainyesterday,butinvain.(所给词适当形式填空)41.Heisalwaysmaking________(complain)tomeaboutthestressfullife.(所给词的适当形式填空) 42.Wecan’ttellthedifferencebetweenthetrueandthefalse,whichmaybe________(harm)toourstudyandlife.(所给词的适当形式填空)43.Joeisproudandstubborn,never________(admit)heiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelsetoblame.(所给词的适当形式填空)44.Theplayers________areselectedfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonourinthissummergame.(用适当的词填空)45.________(disappoint)atfailinginthemathsexam,Johnwouldn’tliketotalkaboutitwithhisparents.(所给词的适当形式填空)46.Jennynearlymissedtheflightas________resultofdoingtoomuchshopping.(用适当的词填空)47.TuYouyouconcludedthat________(boil)thesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.(所给词的适当形式填空)48.Ilookedaroundandfinally________(spot)David，whowasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.(用所给词的适当形式填空)49.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases________beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.(用适当的词填空)50.MyparentsthoughtallofthiswasagrandideaandcalledBetsy’sdadwiththeir_____________(permit).（所给词的适当形式填空）51.________struckmethatIhadleftthekeyathome.(用适当的词填空)52.Itprovesthathigh-intensityexerciseismoresuitable________theyoung.(用适当的词填空)53._________(judge)fromthenumberofcars,hethoughttherewerenotmanypeopleattheclubyet.(所给词的适当形式填空)54.Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld________(go)intospace.(所给词的适当形式填空)55.Hearguedagainstsmoking,andinsistedthatitwasbeyond________(argue)thatsmokingdidharmtowell-being.(所给词的适当形式填空)第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)56.假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.表示感谢；2.回顾Alex对你的帮助； 3.临别祝愿。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(满分20分)57.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheMagicBusIwastravellingonanovernightbusfromKolhapurtoAurangabadinMaharashtra.ThiswaswaybackinMay1972,whenIwasstillincollege.Thebus—anordinary,non-air-conditionedone—wasmorethanpacked;all55seatswereoccupiedandthereweresome20peoplestandingintheaisle(过道).Thehotdayaddedtothediscomfortoftherough,10-hourjourney.BecauseIwastravellingonastudentbuspass,Icouldnotclaimareservedseat.Ihadnooptionbuttostand—quiteuncomfortably.Thebusstarteditsjourneyalittlelaterthanscheduled.Thepassengersseatedcomfortablybythewindowsworehappyexpressionsastheylookedattheoutsideworld,thebreezekissingtheirfaces.Thepeopleseatedbytheaislecomplainedaboutthestandingones,whohadnooptionbuttooccasionallyleanontheseatcorners.Theairinsidewashotandfilledwithstrange,unpleasantsmells.Someenthusiastictravellershadcarriedsmalltransistorradioswiththeslimhopethattheywouldbeabletolistentosomemusicontheway.Afteraroundtwoverylonghours,Iwasbeyondexhaustedandbored.Ikepttryingtobalancemyself,shiftingmybodyweightfromonelegtotheothertomanagethediscomfort.Afteranotherlonghour,Iwaswetwithsweatinthenoiseandshakyrhythmofthebus.Isuddenlysensedasofthandtappingmyelbow(手肘),askingforattention.Turningaround,Ifoundamiddle-agedmanwithakindsmilelookingupatme.HesuddenlystoodupandsaidIcouldtakehisseatforsometime.Iwaspleasantlysurprisedandimmediatelyacceptedhisoffer,myentirebodyheavingasighofrelief.Theman,whoseseatIwasin,stoodnexttome,lookingaroundinamusement.Afterabout20minutes,Isignalledhimtotakebackhisspace.Aman,whowassittingbythewindowontheothersideofthebus,hadobservedourexchange.注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Justthen,somethingmagicalhappened.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thebusreacheditsdestinationintheearlyhoursofthemorning.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2023-2024学年上学期期中考试高三年级英语试题时间：120分钟总分：150分注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatdoesthewomanaskAndytodo?A.Makehisroomneat.B.Pickupthebasket.CWashthesocks.2.Whatisthemangoingtoorder?A.Chickensandwich.B.Beefsteak.C.Cheesepizza.3.Whydoesthemanwanttofindajob?A.Topayhistuition.B.Topleasehisfather.C.Tohaveabackupplan.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anairticketbookingservice.B.Anairticketdiscount.C.Achangeinflightschedule.5.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutheights? A.Excited.B.Frightened.C.Calm.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wherewilltheconcertbeheld?A.Atthestadium.B.Atthecityhall.C.Attheoperahouse.7.Whatwillthespeakersdobeforetheconcert?A.Buytickets.B.Eatdinner.C.Gotoaclub.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whydoesthemanfeelanxiousabouthisbirthday?A.Hehatesbeinginthespotlight.B.Hedoesn’twanttospendmoney.C.Heisafraidofaging.9.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandoonhisbirthday?A.Takephotoswithfriends.B.Dosomevolunteerwork.C.Buyapet.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atagallery.B.Atacharityparty.C.Atanawardceremony.11.WhyisthemanabletohaveDanielleGregory’sworkshere?A.Theyweredonatedtohim.B.Theywerelenttohim.C.Theywereboughtbyhim.12.WhatdoesthemanthinkofDanielleGregory?A.Difficult.B.Generous.C.Easygoing.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whendoesthewomanusuallywork?A.At8:30a.m.B.At9:00a.m.C.At9:30a.m. 14.Whatdoesthewomansayabouthersubwayridethismorning?A.Itwascrowdedwithpeople.B.Therewasadelay.C.Shemissedthetrain.15.Whyisthewomanunabletodrivetowork?A.Sheisafraidofdriving.B.Shehasnodriver’slicense.C.Shecan’taffordacarnow.16.Howwillthewomanprobablygettoworknexttime?A.Bytakingabus.BBysharingataxiwithothers.C.Bygoingonfoot.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WhateventwilltakeplaceinGlasgow?A.Asportscompetition.B.Amusicalconcert.C.Apipebandcontest.18.Howlongwilltheeventlast?A.7hours.B.9hours.C.10hours.19.Whenwastheeventheldforthefirsttime?A.In1947.B.In1948.C.In1986.20.Whatdoesthecitycouncilsaytheeventwilldo?A.Contributealottothelocaleconomy.B.Enrichthelocalculture.C.Improvetheimageofthecity.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AChinatown,lyinginDowntownL.A.nearthecity’sculturalcenter,isoneofL.A.’smostpopulartourist destinations.Whatareyouwaitingfor?Gotoexplorethisamazingplacerightnow!AMECCAFORFOODInChinatown,amixofnewandoldrestaurantsmeetseveryone’sneeds.EarlybirdsshouldstopbyPhilippeTheOriginal,alocalrestaurantthat’sbelovedforFrenchDipsandwiches,butalsoservesagoodclassicAmericanbreakfast.NightowlswillwanttoheadtoFullHouseSeafoodonHillStreet,whichisopenlateintothenight.CHINESEAMERICANMUSEUMFoodisfarfromtheonlyreasontovisitChinatown.PeopleinterestedinhistorywillwanttostarttheirtripattheChineseAmericanMuseum(CAM),lyingjustoutsideofChinatownatElPueblodeLosAngelesHistoricalMonument.ThemuseumishousedintheGarnierBuilding,theoldestsurvivingChinesebuildinginamajorareaofCalifornia.CENTRALPLAZAAbigstatueofBruceLeehasbecomeamust-photographsiteinChinatown’sCentralPlaza.ThelatemartialartsstaroncehadastudioinChinatownat628W.CollegeSt.NearbyisDragonChasingPearl,whichwasoriginallypaintedonthewallin1941byTyrusWong.Theartist,whopassedawayinDecember2016atage106,wasfamousforhisworkinfilms,particularlyastheleadartistonDisney’sBambi.FESTIVALSChinatownhostsmanyparty-styleeventsthroughouttheyear,likethemusicandfoodtruckChinatownSummerNights,theyearlyMoonFestivalandthebiggestone,ChineseNewYear!It’sreallyagoodplacetoexperienceL.A.’sculturaldiversity.1.Ofthefollowingplaces,whichonemaybepopularforitsbreakfast?A.GarnierBuilding.B.PhilippeTheOriginal.C.FullHouseSeafood.D.GoldenLakeEatery.2.WhomightbeattractedtotheCAMmost?A.Achef.B.Adoctor.C.Adancer.D.Ahistorian.3.WhatcanyoudoinChinatown?A.VisitBruceLeeinperson.B.Tastedifferentfoodforfree.C.CelebratetheSpringFestival.D.ProtecttheoldestChinesebuilding.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了唐人街四个成为最受欢迎目的地的特色。 【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“EarlybirdsshouldstopbyPhilippeTheOriginal,alocalrestaurantthat’sbelovedforFrenchDipsandwiches,butalsoservesagoodclassicAmericanbreakfast.(早起的人应该去PhilippeTheOriginal，这是一家当地的餐厅，法式蘸酱三明治深受人们的喜爱，但也提供经典的美式早餐)”可知，PhilippeTheOriginal的早餐比较受欢迎。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“PeopleinterestedinhistorywillwanttostarttheirtripattheChineseAmericanMuseum(CAM),lyingjustoutsideofChinatownatElPueblodeLosAngelesHistoricalMonument.(对历史感兴趣的人会想从位于唐人街外洛杉矶历史纪念碑的中美博物馆（CAM）开始他们的旅程)”可知，历史学家最喜欢CAM。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Chinatownhostsmanyparty-styleeventsthroughouttheyear,likethemusicandfoodtruckChinatownSummerNights,theyearlyMoonFestivalandthebiggestone,ChineseNewYear!(唐人街全年都会举办许多派对式的活动，比如音乐和餐车唐人街夏夜，每年的中秋节和最大的春节！)”可知，在唐人街你能庆祝春节。故选C。BKnowntodayas“FatheroftheBloodBank”,Dr.CharlesDrewwasakeypioneerindevelopingwaystostoreandtransportblood.In1950,atage45,DrewsufferedseriousinjuriesinacarcrashinNorthCarolina.Surgeonsatanearbyhospitalwereunabletosavehim.Hisdaughter,CharleneJarvis,wasjust8yearsoldwhenherfatherdied.Charlene,now80,andhersonErnestJarvis,59,rememberedDrew’slegacy(遗产)andhislifelong“driveforexcellence”inarecentinterview.Ernestaskedhismotherhowmuchsheknewabouttheworkherfatherwasdoingwhenshewasgrowingup.“ImustsaythatIdidn’tknowalotaboutwhatmyfatherwasdoinguntilhedied,”saidCharlene.Shewasinschoolonthedayofherdad’sfuneral.“Mymotherfeltthatitwasbetterthatwedidn’tattendthefuneral,”shesaid.YetCharleneborewitnesstohowmuchrespectotherpeoplehadforherfather.“Whenthefuneralprocessionleft,itwentbymyschool,”shesaid.“Isawthecarsgoingbyandthecarswentby,andtheywentby.AndIwassimplyastonishedthatthereweresomanypeoplewhorespectedhim.”Dr.DrewwasappointeddirectoroftheAmericanRedCross’sfirstbloodbankin1941,whichoversawbloodforusebytheUSArmyandNavy.HewentonthefollowingyeartoworkatFreedmen’sHospitalinWashington,D.C.--nowknownasHowardUniversityHospital--aschiefofsurgeryandasaprofessorofmedicine.Drewwas alsoafamousteachingsurgeonwhotrainedmanysurgeonsinhistime.“It’sagreatthingtothinkthathehasdonesomuchinsuchalittlebitoftime,”Charlenesaid.“IthinkIcallhimDr.Drewbecauseitisrespectful.Amanoftheagesisnotsomeonewhoiscalled‘Daddy’.”Charlene,followinginherfather’sscientificfootsteps,becameaneuroscientist(神经学家).“Drew’sdriveforexcellencewassomethingthatallofusfelt,”shesaid.Ernesttoldhismumthathewillpassontheirconversationsabouthisgrandfather’slegacytohischildrensothattheycantelltheirchildren.TheywillallknowthatDr.Drewblazedapathforthem.4.WhatcanwelearnfromCharleneJarvis’sdescriptioninparagraph3?A.Thetrafficconditionswereterriblethen.B.Herfatherwasdeeplylovedbypeople.C.Shehopedyoungpeoplecouldlearnfromherfather.D.Sheregrettedaboutmissingherfather’sfuneral.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blazed”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Developed.B.Followed.C.Left.D.Took.6.WhatdoweknowaboutDr.CharlesDrew?A.Hewasn’twidelyrecognizeduntilrecently.B.Hewaskilledbecauseofseriousbleeding.C.Hisfamilyweregreatlyinfluencedbyhim.D.HissonwasbroughtupbyCharleneJarvis.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheBriefHistoryofBloodBankingB.TheGrandFuneralofCharlesDrewC.TheFamilyTiesandWorkofCharlesDrewD.TheDeedsandInfluencesofCharlesDrew【答案】4.B5.A6.C7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过查尔斯·德鲁博士女儿的回忆，描述了他在医学方面的重大贡献及其对家人的影响。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句““Whenthefuneralprocessionleft,itwentbymyschool,”shesaid.“Isawthecarsgoingbyandthecarswentby,andtheywentby.AndIwassimplyastonishedthatthereweresomany peoplewhorespectedhim.””（“送葬队伍离开时，经过了我的学校，”她说。“我看到不断有车经过。我很惊讶居然有这么多人尊敬他。”）可知，许多人参加了她父亲的葬礼，说明她父亲是一位受到大家热爱和尊敬的人。故选B项。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Charlene,followinginherfather’sscientificfootsteps,becameaneuroscientist.“Drew’sdriveforexcellencewassomethingthatallofusfelt,”shesaid.Ernesttoldhismumthathewillpassontheirconversationsabouthisgrandfather’slegacytohischildrensothattheycantelltheirchildren.”（夏琳追随父亲的科学足迹，成为一名神经科学家。“我们所有人都能感受到德鲁追求卓越的动力，”她说。欧内斯特告诉他的妈妈，他会把他们关于祖父遗产的谈话传给他的孩子，这样他们就可以告诉他们的孩子。）可知，查尔斯·德鲁的女儿也跟随父亲的脚步成为了一名科学家，他的孙辈也会践行他的信条，跟随他的脚步，他为其后代树立了典范，开拓了道路。故“blazed”应表示“带头，开拓”的意思。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Charlene,followinginherfather’sscientificfootsteps,becameaneuroscientist.“Drew’sdriveforexcellencewassomethingthatallofusfelt,”shesaid.Ernesttoldhismumthathewillpassontheirconversationsabouthisgrandfather’slegacytohischildrensothattheycantelltheirchildren.TheywillallknowthatDr.Drewblazedapathforthem.”（夏琳追随父亲的科学足迹，成为一名神经科学家。“我们所有人都能感受到德鲁追求卓越的动力，”她说。欧内斯特告诉他的妈妈，他会把他们关于祖父遗产的谈话传给他的孩子，这样他们就可以告诉他们的孩子。他们都会知道德鲁医生为他们开辟了一条道路。）可知，夏琳在父亲的影响下也成为了一名科学家，他的孙辈也会践行他的信条，跟随他的脚步，德鲁医生对其家人有重大的影响。故选C项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Knowntodayas“FatheroftheBloodBank”,Dr.CharlesDrewwasakeypioneerindevelopingwaystostoreandtransportblood.”（今天被称为“血库之父”的查尔斯·德鲁博士是开发储存和运输血液方法的关键先驱。）及第四段对其工作的描述“Dr.DrewwasappointeddirectoroftheAmericanRedCross’sfirstbloodbankin1941,whichoversawbloodforusebytheUSArmyandNavy.HewentonthefollowingyeartoworkatFreedmen’sHospitalinWashington,D.C.--nowknownasHowardUniversityHospital--aschiefofsurgeryandasaprofessorofmedicine.Drewwasalsoafamousteachingsurgeonwhotrainedmanysurgeonsinhistime.”（1941年，德鲁博士被任命为美国红十字会第一个血库的主任，该血库负责监督美国陆军和海军使用的血液。第二年，他继续在华盛顿特区的弗里德曼医院工作，担任外科主任和医学教授，现在被称为霍华德大学医院。德鲁也是一位著名的教学外科医生，在他的时代训练了许多外科医生。）及最后一段最后一句“TheywillallknowthatDr.Drewblazedapathforthem. ”（他们都会知道德鲁医生为他们开辟了一条道路。）可知，本文主要通过查尔斯·德鲁博士女儿的回忆，描述了他在医学方面的重大贡献及其对家人的影响。故选D项。CFacingthegrowingdigitaleconomyandnewpositionsincubated(孵化)inthesectorsuchasdeliverymenandlive-streaminghosts,youngpeople,especiallythosebornafter2000,areexpressingastrongerwillingnessforflexibleworkrelationswithcompanies,andalsowishtobecome“digitalworkers”withflexibleworklocationsandschedules.AreportfromPekingUniversity’sNationalSchoolofDevelopmentreleasedonWednesdaysaidthatnearly66percentofsurveyedemployeesbornafter2000prefertoworkfromhome.Thenumberishigherthansurveyedpeoplebornafter1970,withabout54.4percentofthempreferringthenewway.“TheInternetcandoanythingforme.IcheckemailsfrommyclientsandsubmitmyproposalsthroughWeChat,thenwediscussplansviateleconference.Iloveworkingfromhomeactually,”saidMiLu,a28-year-oldnewmediaoperatorinBeijing.“It’samuchmoreconvenientandcoolerthing.Weworkeverywhere,perhapsinacafe,oronabullettrainorevenonthetableofarestaurant.”HuJiayin,anassociateprofessorinPekingUniversity’sNationalSchoolofDevelopment,concludedthattheirsurveyshowsthatyoungpeopledesirefreedomintheirjobs,butalsowishforstabilityintheircareersbecauseofuncertaintiesbroughtbythefast-changingdigitaleconomy.“Butthedevelopmentofthedigitaleconomyalsobringsgreatuncertaintiesandasenseofinsecuritytotheworkingpopulation,sowe’vefoundsomeinterestingthingsduringoursurveysthatover30percentofjobseekerswe’vesurveyedwishtohaveastablejobatstate-ownedcompanies,”sheadded.LiQiang,vice-presidentofZhaopin,saidthatthegreatestrisktothoseseekingflexibleworkiswhetherthecompanypaysthesalaryfullyandontime.“It’snecessaryforjobseekerstosetupalong-termdevelopmentplan,ratherthanbeshortsighted.”Headdedthatcompaniesmaybearrisksthatflexibleemployeescan’tdeliverhigh-qualityworkinalimitedtimeperiod,whichrequiresthecompaniestoestablishasoundworkdeliverystandardtohelpevaluateemployeeperformance.8.Whatattractstheyoungpeopletobecome“digitalworkers”?A.Theincreasingnetworksecurity.B.Theconvenienttransportation.C.Theflexibleworkingstyle.D.Thebrightprospects.9.WhatdoweknowaboutHuJiayin’sconclusion? A.Digitaleconomyisinterestingandpromising.B.Youngpeoplepaylittleattentiontoinstabilityinworking.C.30%ofsurveyedjobseekersdesiretoworkingovernmentagencies.D.Thedevelopmentofdigitaleconomyisadouble-edgedswordforjobseekers.10.WhatdoesLiQiangmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Jobseekerslackambitions.B.Employersareshortsighted.C.Somecompaniesrequireworkingovertime.D.Flexibleworkconditionsneedsimproving.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothetopicofthetext?A.Favorable.B.Objective.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.【答案】8.C9.D10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍年轻人，尤其是00后喜欢弹性工作制。但弹性工作制也有需改进的地方。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“andalsowishtobecome“digitalworkers”withflexibleworklocationsandschedules.(并希望成为具有灵活工作地点和时间表的“数字工作者”。)”可知，年轻人更喜欢工作方式灵活的“数字工人”的职业，即：灵活的工作方式吸引年轻人成为“数字工作者”，故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“HuJiayin,anassociateprofessorinPekingUniversity’sNationalSchoolofDevelopment,concludedthattheirsurveyshowsthatyoungpeopledesirefreedomintheirjobs,butalsowishforstabilityintheircareersbecauseofuncertaintiesbroughtbythefast-changingdigitaleconomy.(北京大学国家发展学院副教授胡家印总结道，他们的调查显示，由于快速变化的数字经济带来的不确定性，年轻人希望工作自由，但也希望职业稳定。)”和第五段““Butthedevelopmentofthedigitaleconomyalsobringsgreatuncertaintiesandasenseofinsecuritytotheworkingpopulation,sowe’vefoundsomeinterestingthingsduringoursurveysthatover30percentofjobseekerswe’vesurveyedwishtohaveastablejobatstate-ownedcompanies,”sheadded.(她补充道：“但数字经济的发展也给劳动人口带来了巨大的不确定性和不安全感，因此我们在调查中发现了一些有趣的事情，即我们调查的30%以上的求职者希望在国有企业找到一份稳定的工作。”)”可知，数字经济带给求职者自由和灵活的同时，也带来了不确定性和不安全感。即：数字经济的发展对求职者来说是一把双刃剑。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“LiQiang,vice-presidentofZhaopin,saidthatthegreatestrisktothoseseeking flexibleworkiswhetherthecompanypaysthesalaryfullyandontime.“It’snecessaryforjobseekerstosetupalong-termdevelopmentplan,ratherthanbeshortsighted.”Headdedthatcompaniesmaybearrisksthatflexibleemployeescan’tdeliverhigh-qualityworkinalimitedtimeperiod,whichrequiresthecompaniestoestablishasoundworkdeliverystandardtohelpevaluateemployeeperformance.(智联招聘副总裁李强表示，对于那些寻求弹性工作的人来说，最大的风险是公司是否按时足额支付工资。“求职者有必要制定长期发展计划，而不是目光短浅。”他补充道，公司可能会承担灵活员工无法在有限的时间内提供高质量工作的风险，这要求公司建立健全的工作交付标准，以帮助评估员工表现。)”可知，李强的意思是弹性工作制需要进一步完善。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段““TheInternetcandoanythingforme.IcheckemailsfrommyclientsandsubmitmyproposalsthroughWeChat,thenwediscussplansviateleconference.Iloveworkingfromhomeactually,”saidMiLu,a28-year-oldnewmediaoperatorinBeijing.“It’samuchmoreconvenientandcoolerthing.Weworkeverywhere,perhapsinacafe,oronabullettrainorevenonthetableofarestaurant.”(“互联网可以为我做任何事情。我查看客户的电子邮件，通过微信提交建议，然后我们通过电话会议讨论计划。实际上，我喜欢在家工作，”北京28岁的新媒体运营商米璐说。“这是一件更方便、更酷的事情。我们到处工作，也许在咖啡馆，也许在子弹头列车上，甚至在餐馆的桌子上。”)”和第五段““Butthedevelopmentofthedigitaleconomyalsobringsgreatuncertaintiesandasenseofinsecuritytotheworkingpopulation,sowe’vefoundsomeinterestingthingsduringoursurveysthatover30percentofjobseekerswe’vesurveyedwishtohaveastablejobatstate-ownedcompanies,”sheadded.(她补充道：“但数字经济的发展也给劳动人口带来了巨大的不确定性和不安全感，因此我们在调查中发现了一些有趣的事情，即我们调查的30%以上的求职者希望在国有企业找到一份稳定的工作。”)”可知，这里提到年轻人喜欢弹性工作制，但也提及弹性工作制的缺陷及需改进的地方。由此推断，作者对弹性工作制持客观态度。故选B。DHousingrankshighamongthenumerouschallengesthatstillneedtobeovercomebeforehumanscancolonize(征服)Mars.Thebravepioneersthatmakethesix-monthvoyagetotheRedPlanetwillneedaplacetoliveinassoonastheyland.Whilethebestsolutionwouldbetohavethestructuresreadybeforetheygetthere,ithassofarbeenachallengegiventhatmostconstructionrobotshavenevermadeitoutofthelaboratory.Now,theremaybeabitofhopethankstoMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology’snewlyrevealedDigitalConstructionPlatform(DCP).TheDCPcomprisesadoublearmsystemthatisfittedonatrackedvehicle.Asthelargerarmmoves,thesmaller,precisionmotorroboticarmbuildsthestructurebyshootingoutthenecessaryconstructionmaterial, rangingfrominsulationfoam(绝缘泡沫)toconcrete.TheteamofresearchersledbyPh.D.StevenKeatingsaythatunlikeother3-Dprintersthatarelimitedtobuildingobjectsthatfitwithintheiroverallenclosure,DCP’sfreemovingsystemscanbeusedtoconstructstructuresofanysize.TheteamrecentlydemonstratedtheDCP’sbuildingskillsonanemptyfieldinMountainView,CA.Therobotbeganbycreatingamoldwithexpandingfoamthathardenswhendry.Itthenconstructedthebuilding,layerbylayer,usingsensorstoraiseitselfhigherasitprogressed.Thefinalproductwasasturdy“home”thathad50-footdiameterwallsanda12-foothighroofwithroomforessentialslikeelectricitywiresandwaterpipestobeinsertedinside.Evenmoreimpressive?Ittookamere14hoursto“print”!Theresearchers’nextplanistomaketheDCPsmartenoughtoanalyzetheenvironmentwherethestructureisgoingtobebuiltanddeterminethematerialdensitiesbestsuitedforthearea.However,that’snoteventhebestpart.FutureDCPmodelsaregoingtobesolar-powered,autonomous,and,mostimportantly,capableofsourcingconstructioncomponentsfromitssurroundings.Thismeanstherobotcanbesenttoremote,disaster-strickenareas,andperhapseventoMars,tobuildsheltersusingwhatevermaterialisavailable.12.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.HousingpioneersonMarsisareality.B.ColonizingMarsisoutofthequestion.C.BuildingstructuresonMarsisinthetestingphases.D.FindingaliveableplaceonMarsisatoppriority.13.HowdoestheDCPdifferfromother3-Dprinters?A.Itconsumeslesstime.B.Itcomesinmoredifferentsizes.C.Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Itcanbuildmorediversestructures.14.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThesuccessfulcaseoftheDCP.B.TheworkingprincipleoftheDCP.C.TheinstructionsofusingtheDCP.D.ThelimitationoftheDCP’sfunction.15.WhatmightbethebiggesthighlightoffutureDCP?A.Beingpoweredbysolar.B.Buildingsheltersanywhere.C.Collectingbuildingmaterialsonsite.D.Analyzingbuildingmaterialdensities. 【答案】12C13.D14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了麻省理工学院(MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology)最新公布的数字建设平台(DCP)将如何解决在火星上建房子的问题的。【12题详解】推理判断题。第一段的“Whilethebestsolutionwouldbetohavethestructuresreadybeforetheygetthere,ithassofarbeenachallengegiventhatmostconstructionrobotshavenevermadeitoutofthelaboratory.(虽然最好的解决方案是在结构物到达之前做好准备，但鉴于大多数建筑机器人从未走出实验室，这一直是一个挑战)”推知，在火星上建造建筑物正处于测试阶段。故选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“...unlikeother3—Dprintersthatarelimitedtobuildingobjectsthatfitwithintheiroverallenclosure,DCP’sfreemovingsystemcanbeusedtoconstructstructuresofanysize.(……与其他仅限于构建适合其整体外壳的物体的3D打印机不同，DCP的自由移动系统可用于构建任何尺寸的结构)”可知，与其他3D打印不同，它可以建造更多样化的房屋。故选D项。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段的“TheteamrecentlydemonstratedtheDCP’sbuildingskillsonanemptyfieldinMountainView,CA.(该团队最近在加利福尼亚州山景城的一块空地上展示了DCP的建筑技能)”可知，本段主要介绍了DCP的成功案例。故选A项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“mostimportantly,capableofsourcingconstructioncomponentsfromitssurroundings.Thismeanstherobotcanbesenttoremote,disaster-strickenareas,andperhapseventoMars,tobuildsheltersusingwhatevermaterialisavailable.(最重要的是，能够从周边采购建筑构件。这意味着机器人可以被送到偏远的灾区，甚至火星，用任何可用的材料建造居所)”可知，未来DCP的最大亮点是可以现场收集建筑材料。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WaystoCutYourCarbonFootprintYourcarbonfootprint,whichdrivesmoreglobalwarming,isassociatedwitheverythingfrompoweringourhomestogettingaround,producingourfoodandmakingallthestuffwebuy.Therearedozensofthingswecandotocutourcarbonfootprint. Reducefoodwaste.Aboutone-thirdofallfoodgetswastedeachyear.Producingfoodthatwon’tbeeatenwastesvaluableresources,includingenergy.Italsocreatesalotofgreenhousegases.Someonecouldcuttheirfoodcarbonfootprintby12percentbynotwastingpurchasedfood.____16________17____MostU.S.electricitycomesfromamixofsources,includingfossilfuels.Unlessahomeisfullypoweredbyrenewablesources,suchaswindandsolar,peoplewillneedtouselesselectricitytocuttheirenergycarbonfootprint.Jacketyourhomewithinsulation(隔热材料).Whenit’schillyout,athickjacketholdsinourbodyheattokeepuswarm.____18____Thickinsulationinthewalls,roofsandfloorskeepsheatinsideinwinterandoutdoorsinsummer.RoughlyfourineveryfiveU.S.homeswouldsaveenergycostsandcutgreenhousegasemissionsiftheyaddedmoreinsulation.____19____Peoplewhousetraditionalvehiclescanmakeupthelargestpartofthecarbonfootprint.That’swhypeopleshouldwalkmore,ridebikesortakemasstransportation.Ifyouneedtouseacar,consideranelectricvehicle(EV).Oncetheyhittheroads,EVsdon’temitplanet-warminggases.Buylessnewstuff.Everythingwebuyalsocontributestoourcarbonfootprints.Soakeywaytoshrinkthosefootprintsistobuyfewernewthings.Shoppingforthesecondhandgoodscutsmuchpollution,____20____Andrecyclewhereveryoucan.A.Uselessenergy.B.Greenyourtravel.C.Eatmoreplant-basedfoods.D.Soavoidtypesdesignedtobeusedjustonce.E.Nextbestistoextendthelifeofyourproducts.F.Insulatingourhomesdoesmuchthesamething.G.Onetip:Buyonlyasmuchfoodasyouplantouse.【答案】16.G17.A18.F19.B20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。你的碳足迹会加剧全球变暖，它与我们的家庭供电、出行、生产食物和制造我们所购买的所有东西都有关。我们可以做很多事情来减少我们的碳足迹。【16题详解】根据上文“Reducefoodwaste.Aboutone-thirdofallfoodgetswastedeachyear.(减少食物浪费。每年大约有三分之一的食物被浪费掉。)”可知，此段讲我们每年都会浪费很多食物，要减少食物浪费。G项“Onetip:Buyonlyasmuchfoodasyouplantouse.(一个建议:只买你计划使用的食物。)” 此空与本段主题句相呼应，要减少食物浪费，只买你打算用的食物。故选G项。【17题详解】根据下文“MostU.S.electricitycomesfromamixofsources,includingfossilfuels.Unlessahomeisfullypoweredbyrenewablesources,suchaswindandsolar,peoplewillneedtouselesselectricitytocuttheirenergycarbonfootprint.(美国大部分电力来自多种能源，包括化石燃料。除非一个家庭完全由可再生能源供电，如风能和太阳能，否则人们将需要使用更少的电力来减少他们的能源碳足迹。)”可知，本段主要说明为了减少碳足迹，要少用能源。A项“Uselessenergy.(用更少的能源。)”与本段内容一致，故选A项。【18题详解】根据上文“Whenit’schillyout,athickjacketholdsinourbodyheattokeepuswarm.(当外面很冷的时候，一件厚夹克可以保持身体的热量，使我们保持温暖。)”以及下文“Thickinsulationinthewalls,roofsandfloorskeepsheatinsideinwinterandoutdoorsinsummer.(墙壁、屋顶和地板的厚隔热层在冬天将热量保持在室内，在夏天保持在室外。)”可知，当外面很冷的时候，一件厚夹克可以锁住我们身体的热量来保暖，隔热我们的家也起到了同样的作用。F项“Insulatingourhomesdoesmuchthesamething.(给我们的房子隔热也是同样的道理。)”符合语境，故选F项。【19题详解】根据下文“That’swhypeopleshouldwalkmore,ridebikesortakemasstransportation.Ifyouneedtouseacar,consideranelectricvehicle(EV).(这就是为什么人们应该多走路、骑自行车或乘坐公共交通工具。如果你需要开车，考虑电动汽车。)”可知，绿色出行能减少碳足迹。B项“Greenyourtravel.(绿色出行。)”符合语境，故选B项。【20题详解】根据上文“Shoppingforthesecondhandgoodscutsmuchpollution.(购买二手商品减少了很多污染。)”以及下文“Andrecyclewhereveryoucan.(尽可能地回收利用。)”可知，购买二手商品可以减少污染，尽可能地回收利用。E项“Nextbestistoextendthelifeofyourproducts.(其次是延长产品的使用寿命。)”符合语境。故选E项。第一节完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Asabusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,____21____canalsodriveyoumad.They’llcomerushingin,____22____theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.They’ll____23____thattheyleftitinthechangingroom,createchaos（混乱）andthen____24____ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget,butItrytopersuadethemtokeep____25____.Irememberthefirstreally____26____customerwehadatCoventGarden.Shewas____27____absolutely everything,nothingwasrightandIwasrathersurprisedthatshebecamea“regular”.Afterawhile,she____28____forthewayshebehavedatthebeginning.Shehadsplitupwithherhusbandtheweekbefore,waslivinginaflatbyherself,andsinceshe’dfoundittoomuchtocopewith（应对）,she’dtakenitoutonotherpeople.Thattaughtmeavaluable____29____andIpassitontothepeoplewho______30______inthemarket.Don’ttakeit______31______.Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink"Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.Maybeherchild’snot_____32_____.”Alwayswateritdownanddon’tletyourego（自我）get______33______.Ifyoudo,youwon’beableto_____34_____itandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthat______35______everyone’sday.21.A.shopkeepersB.customersC.salespersonsD.receptionists22.A.sayingB.pretendingC.guessingD.replying23.A.agreeB.promiseC.imagineD.swear24.A.forgetB.decideC.discoverD.assume25A.fightingB.smilingC.waitingD.changing26.A.generousB.politeC.carelessD.difficult27.A.curiousaboutB.displeasedwithC.patientwithD.uncertainabout28.A.searchedB.arguedC.prayedD.apologized29.A.lessonB.trickC.skillD.trade30.A.workB.shopC.meetD.quarrel31.A.kindlyB.secretlyC.personallyD.casually32.A.readyB.awayC.upD.well33.A.outofsightB.inthewayC.behindthesceneD.abovethelaw34.A.stressB.expectC.handleD.blame35.A.ruinsB.makesC.startsD.saves【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.B26.D27.B28.D29.A30.A31.C32.D33.B34.C35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者以自身营商的经历，向人们传递宽以待人并保持乐观心态的重要性。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何你喜欢的人一样，客户也会让你发疯。A.shopkeepers店主；B.customers顾客；C.salespersons售货员；D.receptionists接待员。根据上文“Icaredeeplyaboutmy customers.”和“Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection”可推知，此处应表示，但就像任何你喜欢的人一样，客户也会让你发疯。故customers符合语境，为原词复现。故选B项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说他们的手提包被偷了。A.saying声称，说；B.pretending假装；C.guessing猜测；D.replying回复。根据空前的“They’llcomerushingin”和设空处后的“theirhandbag’sbeenstolen.”及“leftitinthechangingroom”并结合常识可知，此处应指，顾客们会冲进店里，声称自己的手提包被偷了。故saying符合语境。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会肯定地说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，制造了混乱，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A.agree同意；B.promise承诺；C.imagine想象；D.swear肯定的说。根据空处后的“leftitinthechangingroom”和“createchaos”并结合选项可知，此处指顾客们很肯定的说他们把手提包落在了更衣室中。故选D项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会肯定地说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，制造了混乱，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A.forget忘记；B.decide决定；C.discover发现；D.assume假设，假定。根据空后处的“ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.”和常识可知，此处应指顾客们很肯定的说他们把自己的手提包落在更衣室了，结果发现他们的包一直在自己的车上。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多生气，但是我试着说服他们保持微笑。A.fighting战斗；B.smiling微笑；C.waiting等待；D.changing改变。根据上文“Idoknowhowupsettheshopstaffcanget”店员会生气，以及该句中的but转折可推知，此处表示作者会试着说服店员保持微笑。故选B项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在科文特花园遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。A.generous慷慨的；B.polite礼貌的；C.careless粗心的；D.difficult难以取悦的，困难的。根据下文“nothingwasright”可知，这位顾客很难打交道，故此处描述的应该是作者记得自己遇到的第一位真正难打交道的顾客。故选D项。【27题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：她对一切都很不满意，觉得什么都不对，我很惊讶她竟然成为了一个“常客”。A.becuriousabout对……好奇；B.bedispleasedwith对……不满意；C.bepatientwith对……有耐心；D.beuncertainabout对……感到不确定。根据句意以及该句中的“nothingwasright”可推知，此处为表示这位顾客对一切都很不满意，觉得什么都不对。故选B项。 【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A.searched寻找；B.argued争论；C.prayed祈祷；D.apologized道歉。根据上文“shebecamea“regular””和设空处后的“thewayshebehavedatthebeginning.”并结合常识可知，此处应表示，过了一短时间，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologized意为“道歉”符合语境。故选D项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在商场上工作的人。A.lesson课，道理；B.trick技巧；C.skill技能；D.trade贸易。根据该句中的“taughtmeavaluable”以及下文“andIpassitontothepeoplewho_____10_____inthemarket.”可推知，此处为这位顾客的行为给作者上了宝贵的一课，作者把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在商场上工作的人。A.work工作；B.shop商店；C.meet遇见；D.quarrel吵架。根据句意以及该句中的“inthemarket”，结合前文的shopstaff以及作者讲述自己作为商人的经历可知，此处应指作者要把自己学到的这一经验传授给在商场工作的人。故选A项。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：别把它放在心上。A.kindly亲切地；B.secretly秘密地；C.personally就个人而言，当面地，直接地；D.casually随便地。根据下文“Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink"Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.”可知，如果一个顾客很粗鲁或者很难相处，你就想“也许她和她丈夫吵架了。”由此可推知，此处应指，不要因为别人的言行针对自己而不快。takesthpersonally意为“因为某人的言行针对自己而不快”。故选C项。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不舒服。A.ready已完成；B.away离开；C.up向上；D.well好地。根据上文提到的不要往心里去，以及后面提到的解释原因，可知，此处应为另一个让你不要往心里去的原因，即可能她的孩子不舒服。故选D项。【33题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A.outofsight看不见的；B.intheway挡路，妨碍；C.behindthescene幕后；D.abovethelaw在法律之上。根据句意以及上文“Alwayswateritdown”可推知，此处为表示一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。故选B项。【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场景，这毁了每个人的一天。A.stress强调；B.expect期望；C.handle处理；D.blame责备。根据下文“andthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantscene”可知，此处应指，如果你让自我占据上风，你就无法处理好它，整件事就会演变成让人不愉快的事件，毁了每个人一天的心情。故选C项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场景，这毁了每个人的一天。A.ruins破坏，毁掉；B.makes制造，使得；C.starts开始；D.saves挽救。根据空前的“thewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantscene”可推知，此处为表示整件事演变成不愉快的事件后会毁了大家一天的心情。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分20分)在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。36.AnnieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse________(appoint)toguardher.（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】appointed【解析】【详解】考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：AnnieSalmon是一名残疾人，在她上学的日子里，有一名护士被指定来保护她。句中nurse和appoint之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填appointed。37.Onlineshoppingwebsitesandsocialmediaappshavemadeitmucheasierforthepublic________(spend)moreongiftsfortheirlovedones.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】tospend【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在线购物网站和社交媒体应用程序让公众更容易花更多的钱给他们所爱的人买礼物。此处为makeitadj.forsb.todosth.，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。故填tospend。38.Over3,000lives________(claim)inthe1906SanFranciscoearthquakeandtheseriesoffiresthatoccurredafterit.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】wereclaimed【解析】【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：1906年的旧金山地震和随后发生的一系列火灾夺去了3000多人的生命。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语“inthe1906SanFranciscoearthquake(在1906年的旧金山地震中)”可知，句子的时态为一般过去时，Over3,000lives与claim为被动关系，设空处为一般过去时的被动语态，主语为over3,000lives，be动词用were。故填wereclaimed。39.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIsuddenlyrealizednobodywas________（happy）thanIwas. （所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】happier【解析】【详解】考查形容词的比较级。句意：直到那时我才突然意识到没有人比我更快乐。分析句意再根据空格后的than和空格前的was可知，此处应该用形容词的比较级形式。故填happier。40.They________(seek)foraplacetoshelterfromtherainyesterday,butinvain.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】sought【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：昨天他们想找一个避雨的地方，但没有找到。分析句子结构可知，空处缺谓语动词，时间状语是“yesterday”，故用一般过去时。seek作动词，表示“寻找”，过去式是sought。故填sought。41.Heisalwaysmaking________(complain)tomeaboutthestressfullife.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】complaints【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他总是向我抱怨这种有压力的生活。此处应用名词complaint作宾语，为可数名词，此处应用复数表示泛指，makecomplaintstosb.固定搭配，意为“向某人抱怨”，故填complaints。42.Wecan’ttellthedifferencebetweenthetrueandthefalse,whichmaybe________(harm)toourstudyandlife.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】harmful【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们不能辨别真假，这可能对我们的学习和生活有害。设空处应用形容词的形式作表语，beharmfulto对……有害。故填harmful。43.Joeisproudandstubborn,never________(admit)heiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelsetoblame.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】admitting【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：乔既骄傲又固执，从不承认自己错了，总是找别人来责怪。分析句子可知，空格前有系动词“is”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“admit”意为“承认”，动词词性，“Joe”和“admit”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故设空处应用现在分词作状语。故填admitting。44.Theplayers________areselectedfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonourinthissummergame.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】who##that【解析】【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：从全国选拔出来的球员将在这次夏季比赛中为我们带来荣誉。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作指人的主语，先行词为theplayers，应用who/that。故填who/that。45.________(disappoint)atfailinginthemathsexam,Johnwouldn’tliketotalkaboutitwithhisparents.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】Disappointed【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于数学考试不及格，约翰很失望，不想跟他的父母谈论这件事。空格处修饰John应用ed结尾的形容词disappointed作状语，表示人的感觉，意为“感到失望的”，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Disappointed。46.Jennynearlymissedtheflightas________resultofdoingtoomuchshopping.(用适当的词填空)【答案】a【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：由于购物太多，珍妮差点错过了航班。asaresultof固定搭配，意为“由于……的结果”，故填a。47.TuYouyouconcludedthat________(boil)thesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】boiling【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：屠呦呦得出结论，将苦艾煮沸显然会破坏其药用特性。设空处在that引导的宾语从句中为非谓语动词作主语，应用动名词形式，故填boiling。48.Ilookedaroundandfinally________(spot)David，whowasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.(用所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】spotted【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：我环顾四周，终于发现了大卫，他独自站在篱笆旁边。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填spotted。49.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases________beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.(用适当的词填空)【答案】where 【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者不能正确使用英语的情况。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词cases，为抽象地点名词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，即inthecases，应用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。50.MyparentsthoughtallofthiswasagrandideaandcalledBetsy’sdadwiththeir_____________(permit).（所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】permission【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我的父母认为这是一个伟大的想法，并带着他们的许可打电话给贝琪的爸爸。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词，做介词with的宾语，表示“允许”的意思，是不可数名词。故填permission。51.________struckmethatIhadleftthekeyathome.(用适当的词填空)【答案】It【解析】【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我突然想到我把钥匙忘在家里了。itstruck/strikessb.that为固定句型，意为“某人突然想起……”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填It。52.Itprovesthathigh-intensityexerciseismoresuitable________theyoung.(用适当的词填空)【答案】for【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意：证明高强度运动更适合年轻人。besuitablefor固定搭配，意为“适合”，故填for。53._________(judge)fromthenumberofcars,hethoughttherewerenotmanypeopleattheclubyet.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】Judging【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从汽车的数量来看，他认为到俱乐部的人不是很多。分析句子结构可知judge在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语he构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Judging。54.Afterwards,theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace,andon12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworld________(go)intospace.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】togo 【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：之后，苏联致力于将人送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词person，当所修饰词前有序数词时，应用不定式作后置定语，故填togo。55.Hearguedagainstsmoking,andinsistedthatitwasbeyond________(argue)thatsmokingdidharmtowell-being.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】argument【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他反对吸烟，并坚持认为吸烟有害健康是无可争辩。根据“beyond”可知，空处需填名词或动名词。argue作动词，表示“争论”，名词是argument,短语beyondargument表示“毋庸置疑，无可争辩”，符合句意。故填argument。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)56.假定你是李华，经常帮助你学习英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家。请给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1.表示感谢；2.回顾Alex对你的帮助；3.临别祝愿。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearAlex,Learningthatyou’releavingfortheUnitedStatessoon,I’meagerlywritingtoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourhelp.Honestlyspeaking,it’ssoniceofyoutooffermeaclassofpracticallearningskills.Underyourprofessionalguidance,IhavemadesuchunbelievableprogressinEnglish.It’sindeedapleasantsurpriseformetoevenrank firstinarecentEnglishspeechcontest.WheneverIencounterdifficulties,youalwayscheermeupandhelpmeout,whichfuelsmyenthusiasmforEnglishandpromotesmetoregaintremendousconfidence.NowordsarestrongenoughtoconveyhowgratefulIam.Thanksagainandwishyouapleasantjourneyhome.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本文是应用文写作任务，要求写一封感谢信。【详解】1.审题立意本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写感谢信，人称使用第一人称和第二人称，时态用一般现在时。2.谋篇布局书信格式，称呼和落款文中已经给出。首段，写信的目的，中间段回顾Alex对你的帮助；最后一段表达祝愿。3.关键词和句子根据写作要点及构思好的提纲我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇和句子有：leavingfortheUnitedStatessoon，expressmyheartfeltgratitude，unbelievableprogress，cheermeup。通过词汇铺垫，我们就很容易地行文了，文章写完之后要检查文中是否存在拼写或语法错误。【点睛】本文开门见山，表达了写信的目的；之后详细介绍了Alex对自己的帮助，详略得当，内容完整，同时使用了高级词汇和高级句子。高级词汇：eagerly，heartfeltgratitude，Honestlyspeaking，professionalguidance等；高级句式：WheneverIencounterdifficulties,youalwayscheermeupandhelpmeout,whichfuelsmyenthusiasmforEnglishandpromotesmetoregaintremendousconfidence.使用了让步状语从句和定语从句。这些都提升了文章的档次第二节(满分20分)57.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。TheMagicBusIwastravellingonanovernightbusfromKolhapurtoAurangabadinMaharashtra.ThiswaswaybackinMay1972,whenIwasstillincollege.Thebus—anordinary,non-air-conditionedone—wasmorethanpacked;all55seatswereoccupiedandthereweresome20peoplestandingintheaisle(过道).Thehotdayaddedtothediscomfortoftherough,10-hourjourney.BecauseIwastravellingonastudentbuspass,Icouldnotclaimareservedseat.Ihadnooptionbuttostand—quiteuncomfortably.Thebusstarteditsjourneyalittlelaterthanscheduled.Thepassengersseatedcomfortablybythewindows worehappyexpressionsastheylookedattheoutsideworld,thebreezekissingtheirfaces.Thepeopleseatedbytheaislecomplainedaboutthestandingones,whohadnooptionbuttooccasionallyleanontheseatcorners.Theairinsidewashotandfilledwithstrange,unpleasantsmells.Someenthusiastictravellershadcarriedsmalltransistorradioswiththeslimhopethattheywouldbeabletolistentosomemusicontheway.Afteraroundtwoverylonghours,Iwasbeyondexhaustedandbored.Ikepttryingtobalancemyself,shiftingmybodyweightfromonelegtotheothertomanagethediscomfort.Afteranotherlonghour,Iwaswetwithsweatinthenoiseandshakyrhythmofthebus.Isuddenlysensedasofthandtappingmyelbow(手肘),askingforattention.Turningaround,Ifoundamiddle-agedmanwithakindsmilelookingupatme.HesuddenlystoodupandsaidIcouldtakehisseatforsometime.Iwaspleasantlysurprisedandimmediatelyacceptedhisoffer,myentirebodyheavingasighofrelief.Theman,whoseseatIwasin,stoodnexttome,lookingaroundinamusement.Afterabout20minutes,Isignalledhimtotakebackhisspace.Aman,whowassittingbythewindowontheothersideofthebus,hadobservedourexchange.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Justthen,somethingmagicalhappened.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thebusreacheditsdestinationintheearlyhoursofthemorning.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Justthen,somethingmagicalhappened.Ourobserverspontaneouslystoodupandofferedhisseattoanotherstandingman,whohadbeenleaningontheseatcornerforquitesometime.Allofasudden,wehadtriggered achainreaction:Thisgameofseat-sharingspreadthroughthebuslikewildfireand,beforelong,almostallthestandeesgotachancetobeseated.Moresurprisingly,peopleevenstartedchattingwitheachotherwhileexchangingpositions,andsoonbegansharingjokesandhummingtothelovelymelodyplayedbytheradio.Needlesstosay,therestofthejourneywasquiteenjoyable.Thebusreacheditsdestinationintheearlyhoursofthemorning.Aburstoffirstsunshinesentabeamofamberlightthroughthewindow,lightinguppeople’sheart.Thecoolbreezeofearlymorningblewawaythefatigueandweariness,refreshingthemindsandbodies.Immersedinthisrelaxingandfriendlyatmosphere,thegroupsbidfarewellwarmly,gotoffthebusandwenttheirway.AsIstoodtheresoakingintheearlymorninglight,Iwasremindedofanimportantlifelesson—thatwecanallsharewhatwehave,includingourburdens,andhelpourco-passengersinthisjourneycalledlife.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者乘坐一辆通宵大巴从Kolhapur前往Maharashtra的Aurangabad，那是一辆普通的、没有空调的公共汽车，车上挤满了人，55个座位都坐满了，有20多人站在过道上，炎热的天气增加了10个小时的艰难旅程的不适，由于作者不能预留座位，作者也只能不舒服地站着，过了大约两个漫长的小时后，作者感到非常疲惫和无聊，后来一位中年男子把自己的座位让出来给作者坐，作者又惊又喜，接受了邀请，大约20分钟后，作者示意他收回自己的座位，坐在汽车另一边靠窗的一个男人看到了作者和那位男士的谈话。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“就在这时，神奇的事情发生了。”可知，第一段可描写坐着的人把座位让给站着的人并且大家愉快地聊天。②由第二段首句内容“公共汽车在凌晨到达了目的地。”可知，第二段可描写作者到达目的地后的感受。2.续写线索：自发让座——开始聊天——分享笑话——阳光照进来——下车告别——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①让座：offerone’sseattosb./giveone’sseattosb.②开始聊天：startchatting/begintalking③告别：bidfarewell/saygoodbye情绪类①疲劳：fatigue/exhaustion②热情地：warmly/fervidly【点睛】[高分句型1]Ourobserverspontaneouslystoodupandofferedhisseattoanotherstandingman,whohad beenleaningontheseatcornerforquitesometime.(由who引导的非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]AsIstoodtheresoakingintheearlymorninglight,Iwasremindedofanimportantlifelesson—thatwecanallsharewhatwehave,includingourburdens,andhelpourco-passengersinthisjourneycalledlife.(由as引导的时间状语从句，that引导的同位语从句和what引导的宾语从句)