四川省雅安市多校联考2023-2024学年高二上学期12月月考英语试题（Word版附解析）

英语试卷注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwouldthemanliketoorder?A.Acupoftea.B.Someapplejuice.C.Somecoffee.2.Whichprogramdoesthemanlikebest?A.News.B.History.C.Sports.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Salesgirlandcustomer.B.Passengeranddriver.C.Wifeandhusband.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabank.B.Inadepartmentstore.C.Inaticketoffice.5.Whendidthefireprobablybreakout?A.Atabout7.B.Atabout8.C.Atabout9.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoestheman’sfriendwanttodrink?A.Milkwithsugar.B.Orangejuice.C.Coffeewithmilk.7.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.10yuan.B.90yuan.C.100yuan.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhodidFredhaveafightwithlastnight?A.Astorekeeper.B.Apoliceman.C.Hisbrother.9.WhereisFrednow?A.Inthepolicestation.B.Inthehospital.C.Athome.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhosehouseisthegirlgoingtoonSunday?A.Mary’s.B.Susie’s.C.Jenny’s.11.WhatwillthegirlprobablydoonFriday?A.Seeamovie.B.Goshopping.C.Watchabasketballgame.12.Whydoesthegirlwantherfathertobuyanewbackpackforher?A.Herbackpackislost.B.Herbackpackisbroken.C.Herbackpackisfullofbooks.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.InwhichplacedidLisafindthewallet?AApark.B.Aparkinglot.C.Ashoppingmall.14.Whatisinsidethewallet?A.Aphotoofaperson.B.SomepaperandanIDcard.C.Somemoneyandbusinesscards.15.Whodoesthewalletprobablybelongto?A.Abusinessman.B.Anoldlady.C.Aschoolboy.16.HowwillLisagetintouchwiththewallet’sowner? A.Byaskingthepoliceforhelp.B.Bymakingatelephonecall.C.Bywaitingwhereshefoundthewallet.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whomentionedinthespeechusecamelsintheirsports?A.Americans.B.TheArabs.C.Chinesepeople.18.Whichsporthasthelongesthistory?A.Volleyball.B.Basketball.C.Running.19.Howoldisvolleyballsport?A.Below200years.B.About300years.C.Over1,000years.20.Whatoftencomesoutofagameinthespeaker’sopinion?A.Friendship.B.Indignity.C.War.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourInventionsThatChangedtheWorldThecourseofhumanevolutionhasbeenfilledwithinventions.Thefollowinginventionschangedtheworldinonewayoranother.MatchManyofuswonderwhatlifewaslikebeforematches.WecanthankaBritishpharmacistandhisdirtymixingstick.In1820s,JohnWalkernoticedadriedlumpontheendofastickwhilehewasstirringamixofchemicals.Whenhetriedtoscrape(刮掉)itoff,flamesappeared.Theinitialmatchesweremadeofcardboardbutsoonthematchescameinaboxequippedwithapieceofsandpaperforstriking.PenicillinPenicillinwasdiscoveredin1928whenayoungbacteriologist,AlexanderFleming,wastidyinguphislab.Afterhavingbeenonvacation,hereturnedtoworktofindthatadishofStaphylococcusbacteriahadbeenleftuncovered,andhenoticedthatmould(霉菌)ontheculturehadkilledmanyofthebacteria.Hisfurtherresearchfoundthatitcouldkillotherbacteria.MicrowaveOvenOfallthesci-fikitchenappliances,themicrowaveovenreallyrelievestheloadonhousewives.Itwasdiscovered inthe1940s.WhenPercySpencer,anengineer,wasworkingonamagnetron(磁控管),henoticedthatachocolatebarinhispockethadstartedtomeltduetothemicrowaves.Spencerfoundthatindeed,whenfoodwasplacedintheboxwiththemicrowaveenergy,itcookedquickly.PlasticThefirstplasticwasinventedin1907byLeoHendrikBaekeland.Hisinitialquestwastoinventareadyreplacementforshellac(虫胶),anexpensiveproductgotfromlacbeetles.Baekelandcombinedformaldehyde(甲醛)withawasteproductofcoal,andheatedthemixture.Ratherthanashellac-likematerial,hecreatedasubstancethatdidn’tmeltunderheatandstress.1.Whoinventedmatches?A.JohnWalker.B.AlexanderFleming.C.PercySpencer.D.LeoHendrikBaekeland.2.WhathadLeoHendrikBaekelandoriginallyintendedtoinvent?A.Ashellac-likematerial.B.Aproductfromlacbeetles.C.Areplacementforshellac.D.Awasteproductofcoal.3.Whatdothefourinventionshaveincommon?A.Theyweretheresultsofjointefforts.B.Theyweretheaccidentaldiscoveries.C.Theywerethefruitsofyearsofresearch.D.Theywereunacceptedwhencomingout.【答案】1.A2.C3.B【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了影响人类生活的四个发明。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“In1820s,JohnWalkernoticedadriedlumpontheendofastickwhilehewasstirringamixofchemicals.Whenhetriedtoscrape(刮掉)itoff,flamesappeared.Theinitialmatchesweremadeofcardboardbutsoonthematchescameinaboxequippedwithapieceofsandpaperforstriking.(19世纪20年代，JohnWalker在搅拌一种化学混合物时，注意到一根棍子的末端有一个干燥的肿块。当他想把它刮下来时，火焰冒了出来。最初的火柴是用硬纸板做的，但很快火柴就装在一个装有砂纸的盒子里，用来划火柴)”可知，是JohnWalker发明了火柴。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Hisinitialquestwastoinventareadyreplacementforshellac(虫胶),anexpensiveproductgotfromlacbeetles.(他最初的目标是发明一种可以替代虫胶的产品，虫胶是一种从紫胶甲虫中提取的昂贵产品)”可知，LeoHendrikBaekeland最初的目标是要发明一种可以替代虫胶的材料。故选C。 【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“In1820s,JohnWalkernoticedadriedlumpontheendofastickwhilehewasstirringamixofchemicals.Whenhetriedtoscrape(刮掉)itoff,flamesappeared.(19世纪20年代，JohnWalker在搅拌一种化学混合物时，注意到一根棍子的末端有一个干燥的肿块。当他想把它刮下来时，火焰冒了出来)”；第三段“Afterhavingbeenonvacation,hereturnedtoworktofindthatadishofStaphylococcusbacteriahadbeenleftuncovered,andhenoticedthatmould(霉菌)ontheculturehadkilledmanyofthebacteria.Hisfurtherresearchfoundthatitcouldkillotherbacteria.(度假结束后，他回到工作岗位，发现有一盘葡萄球菌没有盖上，他注意到培养物上的霉菌杀死了许多细菌。他进一步的研究发现它可以杀死其他细菌)”；第四段“WhenPercySpencer,anengineer,wasworkingonamagnetron(磁控管),henoticedthatachocolatebarinhispockethadstartedtomeltduetothemicrowaves.Spencerfoundthatindeed,whenfoodwasplacedintheboxwiththemicrowaveenergy,itcookedquickly.(当工程师珀西·斯宾塞在研究磁控管时，他注意到他口袋里的一块巧克力由于微波的作用开始融化。斯宾塞发现，确实，当食物被放在微波能量的盒子里时，它煮得很快)”以及最后一段“Hisinitialquestwastoinventareadyreplacementforshellac(虫胶),anexpensiveproductgotfromlacbeetles.(他最初的目标是发明一种可以替代虫胶的产品，虫胶是一种从紫胶甲虫中提取的昂贵产品)”可知，这四个发明的诞生都是偶然的。故选B。BItwas1963intheTorontosuburb.Iwaseightyearsoldandhockey(冰球)-crazy.Mynext-to-zeroskillshadnotstoppedmypassionforthegame.TheplayersofthegreathockeyclubTorontoMapleLeafswereofcoursemyheroes,andtheirpostersandphotoscoveredthewallsofmyroom.Thereisalwayssomepricetopayformaintainingalove.Iraisedfundsinanold-fashionedway,sellingsomethingthepubliccouldactuallysinktheirteethinto.Ijoinedthelocalannualevent—Margaret’sDoughnuts(甜甜圈)toselldoughnuts,whichofferedchoicesofhoney-glazedorchocolate-glazed.Door-to-doorIwent,notebookinhandtorecord.Isolddozensofdozens;hardlyasoulturnedmedown.Mynotebookwasalmostfull,andmystomachwasalmostemptywhenIwentupthelasthouseonthesouthside.Irangthedoorbellandwentovermyspeechwhilestaringatthescreendoor.Suddenly,thedooropened.Myunforgettablememorywaslookingupfromalargepairoffuzzyslippers,wayup,tothefacestaringdown.Istoodtherespeechlessforwhatseemed10years,openingandclosingmymouthlikeafishoutofwater.Collectingmycalmness,butstillunabletogointodoughnut-promotingoverdrive,Itoldhimsomethingheseemedhavealreadyknownandherepliedwithanodandasmile.Ihaveanunclearmemoryofmurmuringthroughmyspeech“Please-buy-some-doughnuts”,andthenavividmemoryofhimtakingthenotebookfrommyhand.Ifollowedwithnewinformation—thatwesharedourgiven name.Withpridefromourfirst-name-basisfarewells,Iflewhomeholdingthenotebooktightlytomychest.Thenextmorningbeforetheschoolbell,Icautiouslyshowedoffthepreciouspaper.Itissurelyminealonetoclaim:IsoldadozendoughnutstoTimHorton,oneofmymostrespectedplayerswholivedamerethreeblocksaway!4.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor?A.Heobtainedpostersandphotosfromastarteam.B.HejoinedTorontoMapleLeafsasayoungchild.C.Hewasnotmuchofanexperiencedhockeyplayer.D.Hisloveforhockeywasinfluencedbyastarteam.5.Whydidtheauthorselldoughnuts?A.Tofollowthefashion.B.Torespondtoanevent.C.Totastemoreflavors.D.Topursuehishobby.6.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenhemettheownerofthelasthouse?A.Hewassospeechlesswithastonishment.B.Hewaslookeddownuponbytheowner.C.Hewasscaredbytheowner’sappearance.D.Heforgothisspeechforsellingdoughnuts.7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ASuccessfulSalePromotionOfDoughnutsB.AnAmazingJourneyToFollowingMyDreamC.AGratefulDoughnutHelpingAwakenMyDreamD.AnUnexpectedMeetingWithMyFavoriteHockey【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。主要讲述了年少时候的作者为了追求冰球梦，通过卖甜甜圈来筹钱。在此过程中，作者碰巧把甜甜圈卖给了自己的冰球偶像。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Mynext-to-zeroskillshadnotstoppedmypassionforthegame.(虽然我的技能几乎为零，但这并没有阻止我对游戏的热情。)”可知，作者虽然喜爱玩冰球，但并不擅长。故选C。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thereisalwayssomepricetopayformaintainingalove.Iraisedfundsinanold-fashionedway,sellingsomethingthepubliccouldactuallysinktheirteethinto.(维持一项热爱的事总是要付出代价的。我用一种老式的方式筹集资金，出售一些公众真正会感兴趣的东西。) ”可知，作者卖甜甜圈来追求他的爱好。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Istoodtherespeechlessforwhatseemed10years,openingandclosingmymouthlikeafishoutofwater.(我站在那里说不出话来，好像有10年的时间，嘴巴张了又闭，就像一条离开水的鱼。)”可推知，作者遇到最后一栋房子的主人时，太惊讶以至于说不出话。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Itissurelyminealonetoclaim:IsoldadozendoughnutstoTimHorton,oneofmymostrespectedplayerswholivedamerethreeblocksaway!(这当然是我一个人说的：我卖了一打甜甜圈给蒂姆·霍顿，他是我最尊敬的球员之一，就住在三个街区之外！)”结合文章主要讲述了年少时候的作者为了追求冰球梦，通过卖甜甜圈来筹钱。在此过程中，作者碰巧把甜甜圈卖给了自己的冰球偶像。B选项“追寻梦想的奇妙旅程”最符合文章标题。故选B。CFreshfishshouldhaveamildsmellStrongfishysmellsarethefirstsignstogobad.Howdothefishysmellscomefrom?Itcanbeseveraldaysfromwhenthefisharecaughttowhentheyreachthesupermarket.Inthattime,bacteriathatgrownaturallyinfishstarttoconsumeasubstancecalledtrimethylamineN-oxide(TMAO)infish.ThesebacteriachangeTMAOintotrimethylamine(TMA),thesubstanceresponsibleforthefishysmells.Bacteriainfishcanalsochangelysine(赖氨酸)intocadaverine(尸胺),asubstancethat’sassociatedwithbreakingdownthefishoncetheyarecaughtandgivingofffishysmell.Chemicalreactionscanalsoleadtofishysmells.Thishappensthroughtheoxidation(氧化)offat.Fishareanimportantsourceofomega-3fattyacids.Whenthesefatsareexposedtooxygen,theyoxidizeandbreakdownintothesubstancethatyoucansmell.Toslowdownthefishysmell,whatisbeyondquestionisthatthelesstimebetweenwhenthefisharecaughtandwhentheyreachthekitchen,thebetter.Buttoday,fishareoftenflownacrosstheglobe.Tokeepsmell-producingbacteriaatbay,thefishmustbefrozenorkeptatthelowtemperaturepossibleassoonastheyarecaughtandcleaned.Controllingfatoxidationcanfunctionaswell,especiallyforfattierfishspecies.Whilefreezingslowsbacterialgrowth,itdoesnotstopfatoxidation.Thisreactionwilloccuraslongasoxygenispresent.Fattyfishareusuallynotfrozenbecause,despitethecoldtemperature,they’regoingtooxidizeprettyfastunlesstheyarestoredinalowoxygencontainer.That’swhythosespeciesareoftencanned.It’salsoimportanttorememberthatsmellisnotalwaysanindicatorofsafety,especiallyinprocessedfish products.“Whatyoumightconsiderthefishysmellmaybeadelicacyinanotherculture,”saidCarlA.Batt,aprofessoroffoodscienceatCornellUniversity.8.Whichofthefollowinghasthefishysmell?A.Fishfat.B.TMAO.C.Cadaverine.D.Lysine.9.Whatisthebestwaytoreducethefishysmelloffatfishspecies?A.Dryingthemintheair.B.Storingtheminclosedcontainers.C.Carefullycleaningthem.D.Exposingthemtorichoxygen.10.WhatisCarlA.Batt’sattitudetothefishysmell?A.Objective.B.Negative.C.Acceptable.D.Unclear.11.Howisthetextorganized?A.Topic—Example—Conclusion.B.Topic—Comparison—Opinion.C.Question——Cause——Solution.D.Question—Effect—Opinion.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了鱼腥味产生的原因以及减少鱼腥味的方法。【8题详解】细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“Bacteriainfishcanalsochangelysine(赖氨酸)intocadaverine(尸胺),asubstancethat’sassociatedwithbreakingdownthefishoncetheyarecaughtandgivingofffishysmell.(鱼类中的细菌还可以将赖氨酸转化为尸胺，这种物质与鱼类被捕获后分解并散发出腥味有关。)”可知，有鱼腥味的是尸胺。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。文章倒数第二段讲到“Thisreactionwilloccuraslongasoxygenispresent.Fattyfishareusuallynotfrozenbecause,despitethecoldtemperature,they’regoingtooxidizeprettyfastunlesstheyarestoredinalowoxygencontainer.That’swhythosespeciesareoftencanned.(只要存在氧气，就会发生这种反应。脂肪鱼通常不会冷冻，因为尽管温度很低，但除非储存在低氧容器中，否则它们会很快氧化。这就是为什么这些物种经常被罐装的原因)”可知，减少肥鱼鱼腥味的最好方法是将它们储存在封闭的容器中。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“Whatyoumightconsiderthefishysmellmaybeadelicacyinanotherculture (或许你认为的这种鱼腥味在另一种文化中可能是一种美味)”可知，CarlA.Batt对鱼腥味的态度上客观的。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Howdothefishysmellscomefrom?(鱼腥味是怎么来的？)”提出问题，第二段讲到“Itcanbeseveraldaysfromwhenthefisharecaughttowhentheyreachthesupermarket.(从鱼被捕获到到达超市可能需要几天时间。)”以及第三段讲到“Chemicalreactionscanalsoleadtofishysmells.(化学反应也会产生腥味)”是鱼腥味产生的原因，第四段讲到“Toslowdownthefishysmell,whatisbeyondquestionisthatthelesstimebetweenwhenthefisharecaughtandwhentheyreachthekitchen,thebetter.(为了减缓鱼的腥味，毫无疑问的是，从鱼被捕获到到达厨房的时间越短越好。)”，第五段讲到“Controllingfatoxidationcanfunctionaswell,especiallyforfattierfishspecies.(控制脂肪氧化也可以发挥作用，尤其是对脂肪含量较高的鱼类。)”和第六段讲到“It’salsoimportanttorememberthatsmellisnotalwaysanindicatorofsafety,especiallyinprocessedfishproducts.(同样重要的是要记住，气味并不总是安全的指标，尤其是在加工鱼类产品中。)”是解决方案。可知，这篇文章的组织结构是：问题——原因——解决方案。故选C。DAtomicshapesaresosimplethattheycan’tbebrokendownanyfurther.Mathematiciansaretryingtoturntoartificialintelligence(AI)forhelptobuildaperiodictableoftheseshapes,hopingitwillassistinfindingyet-unknownatomicshapes.TomCoatesatImperialCollegeLondonandhiscolleaguesareworkingtoclassifyatomicshapesknownasFanovarieties,whicharesosimplethattheycan’tbebrokendownintosmallercomponents.Justaschemistsarrangedelementsintheperiodictablebytheiratomicweightandgrouptorevealnewinsights,theresearchershopethatorganizingtheseatomicshapesbytheirvariouspropertieswillhelpinunderstandingthem.Theteamhasgiveneachatomicshapeasequenceofnumbersbasedonitsfeaturessuchasthenumberofholesithasortheextenttowhichitbendsarounditself.Thisactsasabarcode(条形码)toidentifyit.CoatesandhiscolleagueshavenowcreatedanAIthatcanpredictcertainpropertiesoftheseshapesfromtheirbarcodenumbersalone,withanaccuracyof98percent.TheteammemberAlexanderKasprzykattheUniversityofNottingham,UK,saysthattheAIhaslettheteamorganizeatomicshapesinawaythatbeginstofollowtheperiodictable,sothatwhenyoureadfromlefttoright,orupanddown,thereseemtobegeneralpatternsinthegeometry(几何)oftheshapes.GrahamNibloattheUniversityofSouthampton,UK,stressesthathumanswillstillneedtounderstandtheresultsprovidedbyAIandcreateproofsoftheseideas.“AIhasdefinitelygotunbelievableabilities.Butinthesamewaythattelescopes(望远镜)don’tputastronomersoutofwork,AIdoesn’tputmathematiciansoutofwork,”he says.“Itjustgivesusnewbackingthatallowsustoexplorepartsofthemathematicallandscapethatareoutofreach.”Theteamhopestoimprovethemodeltothepointwheremissingspacesinitsperiodictablecouldpointtotheexistenceofunknownshapes.12.Whatisthepurposeofbuildingaperiodictableofshapes?A.Togaindeeperinsightsintotheatomicshapes.B.TocreateanAItopredicttheunknownshapes.C.Tobreakdownatomicshapesintosmallerparts.D.Toarrangechemicalelementsintheperiodictable.13.Whatcanthebarcodeofeachatomicshapetellus?A.Itsholes.B.Itsbends.C.Itsatomicweight.D.Itsproperties.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“backing”inparagraph5mean?A.Design.B.Help.C.Duty.D.Threat.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.ThankstoAI,newatomicshapeshavebeendiscovered.B.MathematiciansturntoAItocreatemoreatomicshapes.C.AIhelpsbuildarelationshipbetweenchemistryandmaths.D.AperiodictableofshapescanbebuiltwiththehelpofAI.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了原子形状是如此简单以至于它们不能被进一步分解。人工智能正在帮助数学家建立一个形状的周期表。【12题详解】细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Mathematiciansaretryingtoturntoartificialintelligence(AI)forhelptobuildaperiodictableoftheseshapes,hopingitwillassistinfindingyet-unknownatomicshapes.(数学家们正试图求助于人工智能来构建这些形状的元素周期表，希望它能帮助寻找未知的原子形状)”可知，建立形状周期表的目的是为了更深入地了解原子的形状。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“CoatesandhiscolleagueshavenowcreatedanAIthatcanpredictcertainpropertiesoftheseshapesfromtheirbarcodenumbersalone,withanaccuracyof98percent.(科茨和他的同事现在创造了一种人工智能，仅从条形码数字就可以预测这些形状的某些特性，准确率为98%) ”可知，每个原子形状的条形码能告诉我们它的属性。故选D。【14题详解】词义猜测题。文章倒数第二段讲到“GrahamNibloattheUniversityofSouthampton,UK,stressesthathumanswillstillneedtounderstandtheresultsprovidedbyAIandcreateproofsoftheseideas(英国南安普顿大学的GrahamNib-lo强调，人类仍然需要理解人工智能提供的结果，并为这些想法提供证据)”以及划线单词后文“thatallowsustoexplorepartsofthemathematicallandscapethatareoutofreach(这使我们能够探索数学景观中遥不可及的部分)”可知，人工智能在人类探索数学景观中能起到帮助的作用，第五段中带下划线的单词的句子Itjustgivesusnew backing thatallowsustoexplorepartsofthemathematicallandscapethatareoutofreach的意思是：它只是给了我们新的支持，让我们能够探索数学景观中遥不可及的部分。因此划线单词的意思与“帮助”接近。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了原子形状是如此简单以至于它们不能被进一步分解。人工智能正在帮助数学家建立一个形状的周期表。文章第一段讲到“Mathematiciansaretryingtoturntoartificialintelligence(AI)forhelptobuildaperiodictableoftheseshapes,hopingitwillassistinfindingyet-unknownatomicshapes.(数学家们正试图求助于人工智能来构建这些形状的元素周期表，希望它能帮助寻找未知的原子形状。)”可知，这篇文章的中心思想是：在人工智能的帮助下，可以建立形状周期表。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。HowtoDesignaSmallGardenEvenifyoudon’thavealargeareainyouryard,youcanstillmakeabeautifulgardenthatmaximizesthespaceyouhavebyfollowingtips.____16____.Lookforaplaceinyouryardwhereyoucanseeyourgardenfromawindoworaspotinyouryardsothatyou’reabletoenjoyit.Makesureyoucanwalkintoyourgardenwitheasetomakeiteasiertotakecareofyourplants.____17____.Planthelayoutforyourgardenbydrawingtheoutlineonthepaper.Startbysketchinglongerrectangles（矩形）foryourgardenbedssothey’retoscalefortheactualsizeyouwantthem.____18____.Besuretoleavean18-inchspacebetweengardenbedssoyoucaneasilywalkbetweenthemandcareforyourplants.Arrangeyourdesignsotherearefocalpoints.Aimtohaveseveralaspectsofyourgardendesignuniquesotheystandoutfromtherestofyourplants.____19____.Takeintoconsiderationwhereyouwantpeopletofocusorhavetheirattentiondrawntowhentheylookatyourgarden,andplanyourdesignaroundthosespots.Focalpointshelp yourgardenfeelmoreinvitingandmakeitmorevisuallypleasing.Putsimilarplantsacrossfromoneanothertocreaterhythmandsymmetry(对称).Ratherthanputdifferentplantsineachofyourgardenbeds,choosetousethesameplantoronesthathavesimilartexturesorcolorssothey’reacrossfromoneanother.____20____.A.AndavoidanyinconveniencecausedbydifficultaccessB.TrytopositionsmallerplantsinbetweenlargeronesC.PickaplacewhereyoucaneasilygettoyourgardenD.YoumaystillbeabletomeasurethelengthoftherectanglesE.ThendividetherectanglesintosmallersectionsfordifferentplantsF.ThiscouldbeastatueorafountainplacedinthecenteroroneithersideG.Thatway,whenyoulookatyourgarden,itwilllookinvitingandmaketheareafeelmorebalanced【答案】16.C17.A18.E19.F20.G【解析】【导语】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了怎样设计小型花园的几条建议。【16题详解】下文“Lookforaplaceinyouryardwhereyoucanseeyourgardenfromawindoworaspotinyouryardsothatyou’reabletoenjoyit.(在你的院子里找一个地方，在那里你可以从窗户或者院子里的一个角落看到你的花园，这样你就可以享受它了)”说明的是确定花园的位置，因此C项“选择一个你可以很容易到达花园的地方”概括段意，故选C。【17题详解】上文“Makesureyoucanwalkintoyourgardenwitheasetomakeiteasiertotakecareofyourplants(确保你可以轻松地走进花园，这样更容易照顾你的植物)”说明要进入花园确保没有障碍，因此A项“并且避免了由于难以接近而造成的任何不便”符合语境，故选A。【18题详解】上文“Besuretoleavean18-inchspacebetweengardenbedssoyoucaneasilywalkbetweenthemandcareforyourplants.(一定要在花园床之间留出18英寸的空间，这样你就可以很容易地在它们之间行走并照料你的植物。)”说明要把花园分成小块，因此E项“然后把长方形分成不同植物的小块”符合语境，故选E。【19题详解】上文“Aimtohaveseveralaspectsofyourgardendesignuniquesotheystandoutfromtherestofyourplants.(目标是让你的花园设计的几个方面与众不同，使它们从你的其他植物中脱颖而出。)”说明设计要有突出的地方，空格处是举例说明，因此F项“这可能是放在中间或两边的雕像或喷泉”符合语境，故选F。 【20题详解】上文“Putsimilarplantsacrossfromoneanothertocreaterhythmandsymmetry(对称)(将相似的植物相互交叉放置，以创造节奏和对称性)”说明花园的对称性和节奏感，有助于增加花园的美感和吸引力，因此G项“这样，当你看着你的花园时，它会看起来很吸引人，让这个区域感觉更平衡”符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MyworldchangedwhenIwasvisitingmybestfriendBeckythreeyearsago.Herdoghad____21____alitterofpupsandtherewasonepuppyleftwhenIarrived.Thepuppywasso____22____thatIstillrememberBeckysaying,“Don’tgettoo____23____,andIknowyouaren’tintoadog.”Unexpectedly,afewdaysintomyvisit,it____24____thatthislittlepuppywascominghomewithme!IcalledhimTimmy.Whengettinghome,itwasveryclearthatmytwocatswerenotsoenthusiasticaboutthenew____25____toourfamily.Ittookawhileforthethreeofthemtofindtheir____26____,and,forme,havingapuppyreallytooksometimetoadaptto,whowasalwaysso____27____andwantedtobeeverywhereIwas.Icouldn’tbelievehow____28____thislittlepuppywasonmytimeandlove.Inspiteofthat,therewere____29____timeswhenIwonderedifI’dmadethewrongdecision—especiallywhenheput_____30_____inmyclothes.IsoonlearnedthatIcouldn’t_____31_____thingsonthefloor—nothingwassafefromthoselittleteeth!TimmyisnowthreeyearsoldandIlove_____32_____attheparkswithmybestbuddy.Hestillfollowsmearoundlikea_____33_____.WhereverIgomylittleman,whohasgotthebest_____34_____thatwinseveryoneover.Ican’t_____35_____himnotbeingrightatmyheelsnow.21.A.abandonedB.identifiedC.seenD.had22.A.puzzlingB.fascinatingC.depressingD.uplifting23.A.attachedB.occupiedC.frightenedD.amused24.A.witnessedB.reportedC.happenedD.implied25. A.contributionB.generationC.combinationD.addition26.A.shelterB.rhythmC.featureD.manner27.A.energeticB.generousC.brilliantD.considerate28.A.preciousB.significantC.dependentD.essential29.A.hopefullyB.fortunatelyC.rarelyD.definitely30.A.patternsB.holesC.buttonsD.paints31.A.leaveB.seekC.tailorD.drag32.A.cuttinginB.fadingoutC.showingupD.hangingout33.A.shadowB.dogC.friendD.thief34.A.capabilityB.positionC.personalityD.diversity35.A.cheatB.pictureC.reflectD.suggest【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.C25.D26.D27.A28.C29.C30.B31.A32.D33.A34.A35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和一只小狗之间的故事，从一开始不太喜欢养狗，到最后二者形影不离，作者也不敢想象没有狗狗陪伴的样子。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的狗生了一窝小狗，当我到达时还剩一只。A.abandoned放弃；B.identified鉴定，确认；C.seen看见；D.had有。根据下文“therewasonepuppyleftwhenIarrived”可知，此处指的是生了一窝小狗。故选D项。【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这只小狗太迷人了，我还记得贝基说过：“不要太依恋，我知道你不喜欢狗。”A.puzzling令人费解的；B.fascinating迷人的；C.depressing压抑的；D.uplifting隆起的。根据下文“Don’tgettoo__2_”可知，这只小狗很迷人。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.attached附属，依恋；B.occupied占据；C.frightened吓唬；D.amused逗笑。根据上文“Thepuppywasso____2____thatIstillrememberBeckysaying”可知，小狗太迷人，提醒作者不要太迷恋这只小狗。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没想到，在我访问的几天里，碰巧这只小狗和我一起回家了！A.witnessed见证；B.reported报道；C.happened发生；D.implied暗示。根据上文“Unexpectedly”可知，小狗跟作者回家是偶然。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：回家后，很明显，我的两只猫对我们家的新成员没有那么热情。A.contribution贡献；B.generation代；C.combination组合；D.addition增加。根据上文“Unexpectedly,afewdaysintomyvisit,it____4____thatthislittlepuppywascominghomewithme!”可知，这只小狗的到来增加了家里的成员。故选D项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们三个过了一段时间才找到他们相处的方式。A.shelter避难所；B.rhythm节奏；C.feature特征；D.manner方式。根据上文“Whengettinghome,itwasveryclearthatmytwocatswerenotsoenthusiasticaboutthenew__5__toourfamily”可知，新成员的到来改变两只猫了原来的生活方式，需要花一段时间才能相处的好。故选D项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，养一只小狗真的需要一段时间来适应，它总是那么精力充沛，我在哪里它就想去哪里。A.energetic精力充沛的；B.generous慷慨的；C.brilliant灿烂的；D.considerate考虑周到的。根据下文“wantedtobeeverywhereIwas”可知，这只小狗精力充沛。故选A项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我简直不敢相信这只小狗是多么依赖我的时间和爱。A.precious珍贵的；B.significant显著的；C.dependent依赖的；D.essential本质的。根据上文“whowasalwaysso____7____andwantedtobeeverywhereIwas”可知，这只小狗对人很依赖。故选C项。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，我很少怀疑自己是否做出了错误的决定— 尤其是当他在我的衣服上打洞的时候。A.hopefully希望地；B.fortunately幸运地；C.rarely很少地；D.definitely肯定地。根据上文“Inspiteofthat”可知，上文讲的是小狗很依赖作者，以及下文小狗弄坏作者的衣服，可知，尽管这样，作者也没有怀疑自己收养这只小狗的决定。故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上题。A.patterns图案；B.holes孔；C.buttons按钮；D.paints油漆。根据下文“Icouldn’t____11____thingsonthefloor—nothingwassafefromthoselittleteeth!”可知，小狗用牙把作者的衣服咬上了洞。故选B项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很快就明白了，我不能在地板上留下东西—没有什么东西能逃过这些小牙齿的攻击！A.leave离开，留下；B.seek寻找；C.tailor专门制作，订做；D.drag拖曳。根据下文“thingsonthefloor—nothingwassafefromthoselittleteeth”可知，不能把东西留在地板上。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：提米现在三岁了，我喜欢和我最好的朋友一起在公园里玩。A.cuttingin切入；B.fadingout淡出；C.showingup显示；D.hangingout闲逛。根据下文“attheparkswithmybestbuddy.”可知，作者带着狗狗逛公园。故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他仍然像个影子一样跟着我。A.shadow影子；B.dog狗；C.friend朋友；D.thief贼。根据上文“Hestillfollowsmearound”可知，狗和作者寸步不离，就像作者的影子。故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论我走到哪里，我的小家伙，他拥有最棒能力赢得了所有人的心。A.capability能力；B.position位置；C.personality人格；D.diversity差异。根据下文“thatwinseveryoneover”可知，这是一种能力。故选A项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能想象他现在不紧跟在我后面。A.cheat欺骗；B.picture描述，想象；C.reflect反射；D.suggest建议。根据前文“Hestillfollowsmearoundlikea____13____.WhereverIgo,mylittleman,whohasgotthebest__14___”可知，作者现在已经习惯了狗狗的陪伴，无法想象没有它在身边的情景。故选B项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“Chinawouldalwaysprovideimportantopportunitiesforglobaldevelopment,andthenationwouldremaincommittedto____36____(drive)economicglobalizationinamoreopen,balancedandwin-windirection,”anofficial saidonthesixthChinaInternationalImportExpo(CIIE)onSunday.InhisspeechontheCIIE,whichopenedinShanghai,hementionedthatvariousnationsshould____37____(joint)seekdevelopmentinthesluggish(迟缓的)globaleconomicrecovery.“TheCIIE,first____38____(hold)in2018,servesasaplatformforinternationalprocurement(采购),investmentpromotionandpeople-to-peopleexchanges,____39____hascontributedtoencouraginganewdevelopmentpatternandglobaleconomicgrowth,”theofficialnoted.Healsoexpressedthe____40____(expect)thattheannualexpocouldfunctionasagatewaytothenewdevelopmentpatternandpresentednewopportunitiestotheworldwithChina’sfreshdevelopment.Additionally,hesaidtheexposhouldfullyplay____41____(it)roleasaplatformforfacilitatinghigh-levelopening-upandmaketheChinesemarket____42____majoronesharedbytheworld,sothatthewholeworldcouldbenefit____43____win-wincooperation.Theofficialalso____44____(stress)Beijing’seffortstoadvanceopening-upwithgreatermarketopportunities,_____45_____(far)creatingimmenseeconomicgrowthfortheworld.【答案】36.driving37.jointly38.held39.which40.expectation41.its42.a43.from44.stressed45.further【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主题是：上海第六届中国国际进口博览会上，中国注重推进高水平开放、推动构建开放型世界经济。积极联通世界，不断增强国际采购、投资促进、人文交流、开放合作四大平台作用，促进全球经济发展。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位官员周日在第六届中国国际进口博览会(CIIE)上表示：“中国将始终为全球发展提供重要机遇，中国将继续致力于推动经济全球化朝着更加开放、平衡和共赢的方向发展”。分析句子可知，空格处所给动词drive为介词的宾语，应使用动名词形式，故填driving。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：他在上海开幕的CIIE上发表演讲时提到，在全球经济复苏乏力的情况下，各国应共同寻求发展。分析句子可知，空格处为状语修饰动词seek，应使用副词，故填jointly。【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：CIIE于2018年首次举办，作为国际采购的平台、投资促进和人文交流，为鼓励新的发展模式和全球经济增长做出了贡献。分析句子可知，空格处所给动词hold为非限制性定语，修饰名词CIIE，二者之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词，故填held。【39题详解】考查定语从句。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是CIIE，定语从句缺少主语，应使用关系代词which。故填which。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：他还表示，期待一年一度的世博会能够成为新发展格局的门户，随着中国的新发展，向世界提供新的机遇。expectation是可数名词，特指期望，应使用单数形式。故填expectation。【41题详解】考查代词。句意：此外，他表示，世博会应充分发挥高水平对外开放的平台作用，使中国市场成为世界共享的主要市场，让全世界都能从合作共赢中受益。分析句子可知，空格处应使用形容词性物主代词形式名词role，表示“它的”，故填its。【42题详解】考查冠词。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处缺少冠词，泛指一个主要市场，后面单词major开头发音是辅音音素，应使用不定冠词a，故填a。【43题详解】考查介词。句意同第6题。分析句子可知，空格处缺少介词，和前面的动词benefit构成固定搭配benefitfrom“从……获益”，故填from。【44题详解】考查动词时态。句意：这位官员还强调，北京努力推进对外开放，提供更大的市场机遇，进一步为世界创造巨大的经济增长。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语，根据前面的“Additionally,hesaidtheexposhouldfullyplay____6___(it)role”可知，应使用一般过去时，故填stressed。【45题详解】考查副词比较级。句意同上题。分析句子可知，空格处为副词修饰动词creating，根据前面的greater，可知应使用比较级further，故填further。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，目前你校餐厅存在浪费食物的现象。为了杜绝该不良现象，你校英语俱乐部组织了主题为“珍惜食物，杜绝浪费”的演讲活动。请你写一篇演讲稿参加此次活动，内容包括:1.浪费食物的现象; 2.浪费食物的原因;3.杜绝浪费食物的措施。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Hello,everyone!___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That’sall,thankyou!【答案】范文Hello,everyone!I’mhonoredtodelivermyspeechhereandthetopicofmyspeechis“CherishFoodandStopWasting”.Ourschoolcanteenhasseenincreasinglyseriousfoodwasterecently.Somestudentsthrowawaythefoodthattheycan’tfinish,andsomeevenleavetheirfooduneatenjustbecausetheydon’tlikethetastes.Whatmainlyaccountsforthenegativephenomenonisthattheyaren’tawareofthevalueoffoodandthedifficultyinproducingit.Foodisveryimportanttous.Wecanplanourmealscarefullyandavoidtakingmorefoodthanwecanconsume.That’sallthankyou!【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，目前你校餐厅存在浪费食物的现象。为了杜绝该不良现象，你校英语俱乐部组织了主题为“珍惜食物，杜绝浪费”的演讲活动。请你写一篇演讲稿参加此次活动。【详解】1.词汇积累演讲：speech→lecture主题：topic→theme喜欢：like→befondof重要的：important→vital 2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Foodisveryimportanttous.拓展句：Foodisveryimportanttous,withoutwhichwecan’tsurvive.【点睛】[高分句型1]Somestudentsthrowawaythefoodthattheycan’tfinish,andsomeevenleavetheirfooduneatenjustbecausetheydon’tlikethetastes.(运用了because引导原因状语从句)[高分句型2]Whatmainlyaccountsforthenegativephenomenonisthattheyaren’tawareofthevalueoffoodandthedifficultyinproducingit.(运用了that引导表语从句)第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Anoldandfragilewomanapproachedaverybusyroadintersection.Shesteppedslowlyforwards.Shepausedatthesidewalk’sedge,graspingaheavybucketfilledwithfreshredapples.Sheaimedtocrossthestreet.Thewaytotheintersectionbeforeherseemedlikeatoughjourney.Thetrafficlightschangedregularly,andtheflowofcarsseemedtobenon-stopfortheoldwoman.Sheknewshehadtocrossthestreettoreachherdestination,asmallgrocerystoreontheotherside,whereshesoldherapplestomakeendsmeet.Assheslowlymadeherwaytothecrosswalk,sheheldthehandleofthebucket.Akind-hearteddriverinthefirstcar,recognizingherstruggle,stoppedwellbeforethesidewalk,allowinghertocrosssafely.Gratefulforthisactofkindness,theoldwomannoddedandofferedthedriveraslightsmileassheinchedforward.Asecondcar,inthenextroad,alsocametoastop.Itsdriveralsowitnessedtheoldwoman’sslowprogress.Thekindnessofstrangerswarmedherheart,andwiththeirhelp,shemovedanotherstepclosertoherdestination.However,thethirdroadwasadifferentstory.Astheoldwomanmovedcarefullyfurtherintotheroad,aspeedingcarapproached,itsenginemakingloudsoundlikeabeast.Panicflowedthroughtheoldladyassherealizedtheapproachingdanger.Thedriverofthethirdcarhadnotnoticedheruntiltheverylastmoment.Withajolt(颠簸)ofterror,theoldwoman’sholdingonthebucketweakened,andthebucketslippedfromherweakgrasp.Thebucketfelltotheground,releasingitsgoodsofapples,whichscattered(散开)inalldirections.Thesoundofthecrashingbucketandrollingapplesechoedthroughthebusycitytraffic.Intheemergenttime,thedriverofthespeedingcarsteppedonthebraketoastopjustinchesfromtheoldwoman.Thedrivers’heartpoundedintheirchestastheyrealizedhowcloseithadcometoatragedy.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Shakenbutunharmed,theoldwomanstoodfrozen,hereyeswideopenwithfear.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Eventually,withalltheapplescollected,thethreedrivershelpedtheoldladycrosstheroad.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Shakenbutunharmed,theoldwomanstoodfrozen,hereyeswideopenwithfear.Thefirsttwodrivers,havingwitnessedthenearmiss,rushedoutoftheircarstohelpher.Andthethirddriverjoinedthemaswell.Inthehonkinghornsandthegrowingtrafficjam,thethreedriverskneltbesidetheoldwoman,theirconcernevidentontheirfaces.Theybegantogatherthescatteredapples,theirhandsmovingswiftlytogetbackeachone.Eventually,withalltheapplescollected,thethreedrivershelpedtheoldladycrosstheroad.Withasupportivearmoneitherside,theoldwomanmadeherwaytothesafetyofthesidewalk.Tearswelledupinhergratefuleyesasshelookedatthestrangerswhohadcometoheraid.Withatremblinghand,sheextendedtheapplestowardsthethreedrivers.Theyacceptedthegiftwithgenuinegratitude,recognizingthathergesturewasherwayofexpressingherthanks.Afterensuringthattheoldwomanwassafelyacrossthestreet,thethreedriversreturnedtotheircars,andthetrafficwasbacktotrack.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个虚弱的老妇人来到一个繁忙的十字路口，她在人行道边上停了下来，手里拿着一个装满新鲜红苹果的沉重水桶。她打算过马路。在过马路时受到惊吓，苹果撒了一地，幸好司机们及时帮助了老妇人，还扶着她过了马路，老妇人十分感谢。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“老妇人颤抖着站在那里，但没有受伤，她吓得睁大了眼睛。”可知，第一段可描写苹果撒了以后司机赶来帮助。 ②由第二段首句内容“最后，收集了所有的苹果，三个司机帮助老太太过了马路。”可知，第二段可描写老妇人感谢司机，送苹果给他们当做礼物。2.续写线索：受到惊吓——司机帮忙捡苹果——帮助老妇人过马路——老妇人感谢——送苹果——交通恢复正常3.词汇激活行为类在旁边：beside/nextto开始：begin/start帮助：cometoone’said/dosb.afavor情绪类显然的：evident/apparent感谢的：grateful/thankful【点睛】[高分句型1]Thefirsttwodrivers,havingwitnessedthenearmiss,rushedoutoftheircarstohelpher.(运用了现分词作状语)[高分句型2]Tearswelledupinhergratefuleyesasshelookedatthestrangerswhohadcometoheraid.(运用了who引导定语从句)