四川省 2023-2024学年高二上学期备考期末英语模拟试卷4（Word版附解析）

绝密★启用前2023外研版-高二上册-成都第七中学(期末-模拟试卷4)(本试卷不含听力)考试时间：120分钟总分：150分注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读［共两节，满分50分］第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。A篇BestInternationalPhotographyConteststoEnterRHSPhotographicCompetitionIfyouareinterestedintakingphotosofyourgarden,enterthisflower-photo-friendlycontest,whichincludescategoriesfor11-year-oldsto17-year-oldsandevenkidsunder11yearsold.ThisphotocompetitionisorganizedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSociety,whichisintendedforphotographers,horticulturalistsandgardenlovers.EntryFee:FreePrize:$6,000foreachwinneroffirstprizeIstanbulPhotoAwardsOrganizedbytheAnadoluAgency,theinternationalnewsphotographycontestaimstodevelopthenewsphotographyareaandseekstorewardhard-workingnewsphotographersaroundtheworld.ThecategoriesinthiscontestarePhotooftheYear,SingleNews,StoryNews,SingleSportsandStorySportsEntryFee:FreePrize:$8,000forPhotooftheYearandfirstprizeinSingleNewsCategory.Thefirstprizeinothercategoriesis$5,000ZEISSPhotographyAwardZEISSPhotographyAwardisorganizedwiththepartnershipofZeissandtheWorldPhotographyOrganization. Thephotographersareinvitedtosubmitphotoswhosethemeis“SeeingBeyondDiscoveries”.Eachphotographerhastosubmit5imageswhichhavenotbeenpublishedbefore.WinnerswillbeinvitedtoLondontoparticipateintheSonyWorldPhotographyAwardsexhibitionopening.EntryFee:FreePrize:ZEISSlenses(镜头)ofyourchoice(worth12,000euros)and3,000eurostocovertravelexpensesMonoVisionsPhotographyAwardsLeadingphotographymagazineMonoVisionswillawardcreativeexpressionintheblackandwhitemedium.Thisblackandwhitephotographycompetitionisalsoopenforamateurs,andphotostakenwithtraditionalordigitalmediaareaccepted.ThetwosectionsofthecompetitionareBlackandWhiteSeriesoftheYearandBlackandWhitePhotooftheYear.EntryFee:$20forasinglephoto;$25foraseries(maximum8photoswithacommonconcept)Prize:$2,000forthetopsingle;$3,000forthetopseries1.Ifyouareagardenlover,whichcontestshouldyouenter?A.ZEISSPhotographyAward.B.MonoVisionsPhotographyAwards.C.RHSPhotographicCompetition.D.IstanbulPhotoAwards.2.WhataretheparticipantsofZEISSPhotographyAwardrequiredtodo?A.Payfortheirentry.B.Usedigitalmedia.C.Submitunpublishedimages.D.Providemeansofidentification.3.WhatisspecialaboutMonoVisionsPhotographyAwards?A.Itchargesanentryfee.B.Ithasanagelimit.C.Itoffersthehighestprize.D.Itisjointlyorganized.【答案】1C2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个国际摄影比赛的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据RHSPhotographicCompetition部分中的“ThisphotocompetitionisorganizedbytheRoyalHorticulturalSociety,whichisintendedforphotographers,horticulturalistsandgardenlovers.(本次摄影比赛由英国皇家园艺学会组织，专为摄影师、园艺师和园艺爱好者举办)”可知如果你是一个园艺爱好者，你应该参加RHSPhotographicCompetition。故选C。2题详解】 细节理解题。根据ZEISSPhotographyAward部分中的“Eachphotographerhastosubmit5~10imageswhichhavenotbeenpublishedbefore.(每个摄影师必须提交5~10张以前没有发表过的照片)”可知ZEISSPhotographyAward的参赛者需要提交以前未发表过的照片。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据四个比赛的EntryFee部分可知，只有MonoVisionsPhotographyAwards要求参赛者缴纳参赛费。故选A。B篇Chongqing,acityofmorethan32millionpeople,facedanunheard-oftestthissummerwithaheatwaveanddroughtcausingaseriesoflargewildfiressinceAug17.Localresidentshavesafeguardedtheirhometownineverywaypossible,withthousandsofvolunteersfromallwalksoflifefightingthefireswithprofessionals.Underaveryhotsun,someresidentsusedchainsaws(锯)tofelltreestomakefirebarriers.Othersrodemotorcyclesonnewlyformedpathstotakefirefightersandsuppliesupamountain,whilesomevolunteerscarriedfoodanddrinksontheirbacksbyfoot.Womenandchildrenhelpedorganizesuppliesandcleartheground,andperformedotheressentialtasks.OnThursdaynight,aswildfiresapproachedaman-madebarrieronJinyunMountaininBeibeidistrict,atotalofmorethan1000firefightersandvolunteersstoodalongsidethebarrierwithfireextinguishers.Seenfromoverhead,theirlightsformedasilverwallagainsttheragingfire.Theresidents’storieshavetouchedmanypeople.“Chongqingpeoplearereallyamazing.“saidDuHailang,headoftheBeijingEmergencyRescueAssociation,anNGOfoundedin2007thathastakenpartinmanyoverseasrescueoperations.Duand10othermembersoftheassociationjoinedthefirerescueteaminChongqinglastweek.“Theman-madewallwasunbelievable,butshocking.ItreallyshowedChinesepeople’sdeterminationtodefendtheirhomeland.”Dusaid.Theoutstandingworkofthevolunteersandthehospitalityoflocalresidentsimpressedthefirefighters,too···BaiXueguang,fromGansuForestFireBrigade,said,“IneverimaginedthatIwouldhaveicecreamandcolddrinksatafirerescuesite.”ZhouHongyu,fromYunnanForestFireBrigade,saideveryvolunteerhemetatthesceneaskedhimifheneededanything“ItwasthefirsttimeIhadtakenamotorcycletoreachafirescene.Wereallyappreciatethelocals’hospitality.Theirsupporthasbeenwonderful.”Zhousaid.4.WhattestthatneverhadhappenedbeforedidChongqingfacethissummer? A.Aheatwave.B.Drought.C.WildfiresD.Flood.5.Whydidthelocalresidentsactivelyparticipateinfightingthefires?A.Toshowtheirenthusiasm.B.Toimpressprofessionalfirefighters.C.Togetpaidfromit.D.Toprotecttheirhomeland.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthevolunteersinthefightagainstwildfires?A.ResponsibleandhelpfulB.EnthusiasticandfaithfulC.ReliableandhonestD.Ambitiousanddetermined7.Whatcanwelearnfromthereport?A.Nopains,nogains.B.Hardworkpaysoff.C.Lovebreaksdownbarriers.D.Manyhandsmakelightwork.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述今天夏天重庆当地志愿者积极参与对抗森林野火保护家园的事。【4题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段“Chongqing,acityofmorethan32millionpeople,facedanunheard-oftestthissummerwithaheatwaveanddroughtcausingaseriesoflargewildfiressinceAug17.(重庆是一座拥有3200多万人口的城市，今年夏天面临前所未有的考验，热浪和干旱导致自8月17日以来的一系列大规模野火。)”可知，重庆第一次面临森林野火的考验。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段“Localresidentshavesafeguardedtheirhometownineverywaypossible,withthousandsofvolunteersfromallwalksoflifefightingthefireswithprofessionals.(当地居民尽一切可能保护家乡，数千名来自各行各业的志愿者与专业人员一起救火。)”可知，当地居民积极参加救火是为了保护家乡。故选D项。6题详解】推理判断题。由文章第三段“Underaveryhotsun,someresidentsusedchainsaws(锯)tofelltreestomakefirebarriers.Othersrodemotorcyclesonnewlyformedpathstotakefirefightersandsuppliesupamountain,whilesomevolunteerscarriedfoodanddrinksontheirbacksbyfoot.Womenandchildrenhelpedorganizesuppliesandcleartheground,andperformedotheressentialtasks.(在炎热的阳光下，一些居民用链锯砍树以制作防火屏障。其他人骑着摩托车走在新形成的道路上，带着消防员和补给上山，而一些志愿者则徒步背着食物和饮料。妇女和儿童帮助组织供应品和清理场地，并执行其他重要任务。)” 可知，这些志愿者在救火工作中是非常负责的，且有帮助的。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“Chongqing,acityofmorethan32millionpeople,facedanunheard-oftestthissummerwithaheatwaveanddroughtcausingaseriesoflargewildfiressinceAug17.(重庆是一座拥有3200多万人口城市，今年夏天面临前所未有的考验，热浪和干旱导致自8月17日以来的一系列大规模野火。)”以及后文可知，文章主要讲今天夏天重庆当地志愿者积极参与对抗森林野火保护家园的故事。所以D项“Manyhandsmakelightwork.(众人拾柴火焰高。)”符合文意。故选D项。C篇ManycitiesintheUnitedStatescouldgrowtheirownfoodlocally,raisingenoughcropsandcattletomeettheneedsofallresidents.ThisisthefindingofaninterestingnewmodelingstudyfromTuftsUniversity,whichanalyzedthepotentialforlocalfoodproductionin378areasacrosstheUSandexpectedfoodproduction.TheresearchersfoundthatcitiesintheNorthwestintheUnitedStateshadthegreatestpotentialtoraisetheirownfood.CitiesalongtheEasternseasideandintheSouthwesthadtheleastpotentialandwouldnotbeabletomeetalltheirownneedsofdiet,evenifeveryacreofagriculturallandwasusedforfoodproduction.Thismakessense,asmanyofthecitiesarecoastalandlackroomforagriculturalspreading.ThestudyrevealedthattheUnitedStateshaveasurplus(多余的)ofagriculturallandforfeedingthedomestic(国内的)population.Currently,somelandisusedtoraiseexportcrops,butafocusonlocalfoodproductionwouldstartaconversationabouthowthatlandgetsused.InthewordsofPeters,leadauthorandassociateprofessorattheFriedmanSchoolofNutritionScienceandPolicyatTufts,“Itwouldbeimportanttomakesurepoliciesforsupportinglocalorregionalfoodproductionbenefitconservationandcreateopportunitiesforfarmerstoadoptmoresustainable(可持续的)practices.Policiesshouldalsorecognizetheabilityofthenaturalresourcesinagivenlocalorregionandconsiderthesupplychain,includingabilityforfoodprocessingandstorage.”Althoughit’safarcryfromthecurrentreality,itisanicethoughttoimaginecitiessurroundedbyfoodproductionoperationsthattransportfreshlyharvestedfoodtonearbyhomes,andthenmakeuseoftheleftoverfoodtofertilizefieldsandgenerateheatforgreenhouses.8.ThecitiesalongtheEasternseasidefailtoprovideenoughfoodbecause________.A.citizensareunwillingtogrowcropsB.themethodsoffoodproductionarewrongC.theydon’thaveenoughlandtogrowcropsD.theirclimatelimitstheagriculturalproduction9.Whatwillthefocusonlocalfoodproductionleadto?A.Morejobopportunitiesforcitizens.B.Morespecificpoliciesaboutusingland.C.Conversationswiththelocalgovernment.D.Adiscussiononhowtomakeuseofland. 10.Inwhichsectioncanwereadthistextinanewspaper?A.Agriculture.B.Entertainment.C.Lifestyle.D.Sport.11.Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A.TheUSGovernmentStopsWastingFoodB.ManyCitiesintheUSCanGrowTheirOwnFoodC.CitiesLearntoGrowFoodFromtheVillagesD.FarmersHaveMoreChancestoBeEmployed【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。塔夫茨大学一项有趣的新模型研究的发现美国的许多城市可以在当地种植自己的粮食，种植和养殖足够的庄稼和牲畜，以满足所有居民的需求。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“CitiesalongtheEasternseasideandintheSouthwesthadtheleastpotentialandwouldnotbeabletomeetalltheirownneedsofdiet,evenifeveryacreofagriculturallandwasusedforfoodproduction.Thismakessense,asmanyofthecitiesarecoastalandlackroomforagriculturalspreading.”(东部沿海城市和西南部城市的潜力最小，即使每英亩农田都用于粮食生产，它们也无法满足自身对饮食的全部需求。这是有道理的，因为许多城市都是沿海城市，缺乏农业扩张的空间)可知，东部沿海城市无法提供足够的食物是因为他们没有足够的土地种植庄稼。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Currently,somelandisusedtoraiseexportcrops,butafocusonlocalfoodproductionwouldstartaconversationabouthowthatlandgetsused.”(目前，一些土地用于种植出口作物，但关注当地粮食生产将引发有关这些土地如何利用的讨论)可知，对当地粮食生产的关注将引发对如何利用土地的讨论。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“ThisisthefindingofaninterestingnewmodelingstudyfromTuftsUniversity,whichanalyzedthepotentialforlocalfoodproductionin378areasacrosstheUSandexpectedfoodproduction.”(这是塔夫茨大学一项有趣的新模型研究的发现，该研究分析了美国378个地区的当地粮食生产潜力和预期粮食生产)可知，文章是介绍了一项关于美国农业生产的调查研究，所以应来自一份报纸的农业版块。故选A。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“ManycitiesintheUnitedStatescouldgrowtheirownfoodlocally,raising enoughcropsandcattletomeettheneedsofallresidents.”(美国的许多城市可以在当地种植自己的粮食，种植和养殖足够的庄稼和牲畜，以满足所有居民的需求。)和第二句中的“ThisisthefindingofaninterestingnewmodelingstudyfromTuftsUniversity”(这是塔夫茨大学一项有趣的新模型研究的发现)可知，文章主要是讲一项研究发现美国的许多城市可以在当地种植自己的粮食，种植和养殖足够的庄稼和牲畜，以满足所有居民的需求。故“美国的很多城市可以种植自己的粮食”可以作为最佳标题。故选B。D篇Whenivoryhunterstargetelephants,thehunterscanaffectmorethanjustanimalnumbers.InMozambique,pasthuntingpressureledtoanincreaseofnaturallytuskless(无长牙的)elephantsinonepark,astudyfinds.During1977to1992,peoplehuntedelephantsandotherwildlifeforfoodandivory.Thiscausedthenumberoftheselargeanimalstodropmorethan90percentinthecountry’sGorongosaNationalPark.Recordsshowthataselephantnumbersplummeted,theproportionoftusklessfemaleAfricansavannaelephantsrosefromabout18percentto51percent.DecadesofpoachingappeartohavemadetusklessnessmorebeneficialfromanevolutionaryperspectiveinGorongosa,encouragingtherapidincreaseoftusklessfemaleswithmutations(变异)intwotoothgenes,researchersreportinScience.“Therapidkillingoftuskedindividualschangedthemakeupoffeaturesintheelephantpopulationinonlytwodecades,leavingbehindmoretusklessindividuals,”sayevolutionarybiologistShaneCampbell-Statonandhiscolleagues.“Thetusklessfeatureisheritable(可继承的),andtheevolutionarychangeinthepopulationmaystickaroundforseveralgenerationsatleast,evenaspoachingeases.”Theteamalsoanalyzedthegeneticinstructionbooksof18tuskedandtusklessfemales,zeroinginontwogeneswithmutationsintusklessfemales.“Inhumans,theinfluenceofoneofthosegenescancausetoothfragilityandtheabsenceofapairofupperteethatthefrontoftheirmouth,”Campbell-Statonsays,“Abnormalitiesintheothergene’sproteinproductcancauseincorrectformationofthetoothrootandtoothloss.”Hunting“changingthecourseofevolution”inGorongosa’selephants,Campbell-Statonsays,canhaveprofoundeffectsthroughtheecosystemgivenelephants’dramaticimpactontheirsurroundings.“Tusksarenotjustdecorative.Theyserveapurpose,”hesays,detailinghowelephantsusetuskstodigforwaterandstriptreebarkforfood.“Ifanelephantdoesn’thavethetooltodothosethings,thenwhathappens?”12.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothestudy?A.Ivoryhunterskilledelephantsfortheirtusks.B.Elephantslosttheirtusksduetonaturalevolution.C.Huntingaffectsthenumberandappearanceofelephants. D.Humanactivitiesbroughtaboutgreatchangestotheecosystem.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeted”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Decreased.B.Increased.C.Remainedstable.D.BecameUnpredictable.14.Whatdoweknowaboutthetusklesselephants?A.Theyhavethesamegenesasthetusked.B.Theirtusklessfeaturecanbepasseddown.C.Theirtusklessfeaturedoesn’texistinmales.D.Theyhaveabiologicaladvantageoverthetusked.15.WhydoesCampbell-Statonmentiontheexampleofhumanteeth?A.Toexplainthecauseofgenemutations.B.Toshowtheimpactofmutatedtoothgenes.C.Toraisehumans’awarenessofprotectingteeth.D.Tocallforactionstoprotecttusklesselephants.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍人类捕猎行为影响象群进化，无牙象群体越来越庞大。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Whenivoryhunterstargetelephants,thehunterscanaffectmorethanjustanimalnumbers.InMozambique,pasthuntingpressureledtoanincreaseofnaturallytuskless(无长牙的)elephantsinonepark,astudyfinds.”（象牙捕猎者捕猎象群，对象群带来的影响不仅仅是体现在数量上。研究发现，在莫桑比克，先前的捕猎行为导致一个公园里自然无牙大象的数量增加。）可知，捕猎不仅会影响象群数量，还导致自然无牙象越来越多，即捕猎会影响大象的数量和外观。故选C项。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句子的前一句“Thiscausedthenumberoftheselargeanimalstodropmorethan90percentinthecountry’sGorongosaNationalPark.”（这导致莫桑比克的戈龙戈萨国家公园大象数量减少了90%。），捕猎导致大象数量下降。此处“aselephantnumbersplummeted”承接前文提到大象数量下降，所以“plummeted”应指“（数量）下降，减少”。A.Decreased减少；B.Increased增加；C.Remainedstable保持稳定；D.BecameUnpredictable变得不可预测。则A项“Decreased”与“plummeted”意思一致。故选A项。【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段ShaneCampbell-Staton和及其同事说的“Thetusklessfeatureisheritable(可继承的),andtheevolutionarychangeinthepopulationmaystickaroundforseveralgenerationsatleast,evenaspoachingeases.”（无牙特征是可继承的，而且即使偷猎现象有所缓解，种群进化的这种改变可能至少也会持续几代。）可知，大象的无牙特征是可以遗传给下一代的。故选B项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段的“Inhumans,theinfluenceofoneofthosegenescancausetoothfragilityandtheabsenceofapairofupperteethatthefrontoftheirmouth,”Campbell-Statonsays,“Abnormalitiesintheothergene’sproteinproductcancauseincorrectformationofthetoothrootandtoothloss.”（CampbellStaton表示：“人类其中一个牙齿基因的影响会导致牙齿变得脆弱，口腔前部缺少一对上牙。另一个基因蛋白质产物发生异常，会导致牙根形成不当和牙齿脱落。）可知，CampbellStaton提到人类牙齿的例子，指出了牙齿基因突变会产生不好的影响。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyousufferfromlowenergy?Isitdifficulttogetoutofbedinthemorning?Doyourheadandstomachache?Ifso,youcouldbeexperiencingjobburnout.____16____—77%ofworkerssurveyedbyDeloittesaidtheyhadexperiencedburnout.And90%ofthosesaidthatstresshadnegativelyimpactedtheirwork.Burnoutisdangerous.Itcanleadtomentalandphysicaltiredness,alossofidentity,andfeelingalackofachievement,theyharmthebodyovertime.Doyouwanttogetoutofthisstate?____17____Onewayyoucanhelprelieveburnoutisbypracticingcommunication.Beclearaboutwhatyou’refeeling,andifyouarebeingoverworked,discussitwithyourmanagersorcoworkers.____18____Takingtimeoffisalsoagoodidea.Whileself-careisatendencythesedays,itwillnotcureburnout.____19____Theirsupportandcooperationcanmakeyoufeelbetter.Anotheralternativeistakingpartinregularphysicalactivitiestogetyourmindoffwork.____20____AstudycitedbyTheNewYorkTimesfoundthatdoctorswhomadetimeforentertainmentswerelesslikelytoexperienceburnoutthanthosewhodidn’t.Afewideasforrelaxingactivitiescanbeyoga,meditation(冥想),ormindfulness.A.Finally,maketimetodothingsyoulove.B.Asamatteroffact,youarenotalone.C.Lastly,besuretoreflectasoftenasyoucan.D.Burnoutcanalsodevelopalongwithanxiety. E.Readontodiscoverhowtodealwithiteffectively.F.Providethemwithideasthatwouldhelplightenburnoutintheoffice.G.Whatcanhelpaddresstheproblemistoseeadoctorormeetwithfriends.【答案】16.B17.E18.F19.G20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了职业倦怠的危害，同时也介绍了缓解职业倦怠的方法，如进行沟通、体育锻炼、瑜伽以及冥想等。【16题详解】根据后文“77%ofworkerssurveyedbyDeloittesaidtheyhadexperiencedburnout.And90%ofthosesaidthatstresshadnegativelyimpactedtheirwork.(德勤(Deloitte)调查的员工中，77%的人说他们曾经历过倦怠。其中90%的人表示，压力对他们的工作产生了负面影响)”可知，职业倦怠的现象并非个例，很多人都出现了这样的情况。B项“Asamatteroffact,youaren’talone.(事实上，你并不孤单)”该项提到出现职业倦怠的情况并不是个例，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选B。【17题详解】前文提到“Doyouwanttogetoutofthisstate?(你想摆脱这样的情况吗？)”以及后文中“Onewayyoucanhelprelieveburnoutisbypracticingcommunication.(缓解倦怠的一个方法就是练习沟通)”，同时后文中还提到了如运动、瑜伽、冥想等帮助缓解职业倦怠的方法。由此判断，该段需衔接后文中提到的缓解职业倦怠的方法。E项“Readontodiscoverhowtodealwithiteffectively.(继续往下读，看看如何有效地应对它)”该项引出后文中缓解职业倦怠的方法，起到承上启下的作用，符合文意。故选E。【18题详解】根据前文“Beclearaboutwhatyou’refeeling,andifyouarebeingoverworked,discussitwithyoursupervisororcoworkers.(清楚你的感受，如果你工作过度，和你的上司或同事讨论一下)”可知，职业倦怠经常发生在办公室内。F项“Providethemwithideasthatwouldhelplightenburnoutintheoffice.(为他们提供一些可以帮助减轻工作倦怠的想法)”符合语境，该项中“intheoffice(在办公室)”呼应上文的提到“supervisor(上司)”和“coworkers(同事)”，该项讲述缓解办公室内产生的职业倦怠的方式。故选F。【19题详解】根据前文“Whileself-careistrendingthesedays,itwillnotcureburnout.(虽然自我护理是当今的趋势，但它并不能治愈倦怠)”以及后文中“Theirsupportandcooperationcanmakeyoufeelbetter.(他们的支持和合作会让你感觉更好)”可知，职业倦怠并不能通过自己护理得到治愈，而需要通过其他方面的帮助来恢复。G项“Whatcanhelpaddresstheproblemistoseeadoctorormeetwithfriends.(看医生或见朋友可以帮助解决这个问题)”该项提到可以通过寻求医生和朋友的被帮助来解决职业倦怠的问题。承上启下，符合文意。故选 G。【20题详解】根据后文“AstudycitedbyTheNewYorkTimesfoundthatsurgeonswhomadetimeforrecreationalactivitieswerelesslikelytoexperienceburnoutthanthosewhodidn’t.Afewideasforrelaxingactivitiescanbeyoga,meditation,ormindfulness.(《纽约时报》援引的一项研究发现，花时间进行娱乐活动的外科医生比那些不这样做的人更不容易感到疲劳。一些放松的活动可以是瑜伽、冥想或正念)”可知，该段讲述了其他一些可以缓解职业倦怠的方法。A项“Finally,maketimetodothingsyoulove.(最后，腾出时间做你喜欢的事情)”符合语境，说明抽时间做喜欢的缓解压力的活动，引出下文的方法的介绍。故选A。第二部分语言运用［共两节，满分30分］第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Sylviawasmadatherworkteamaftertryingtogetthemtofinishajobthawasduethatday.“I’malwaystheonedoingallthework,”shesaid.“Andthentheteamgetsthe____21____eventhepeoplewhodon’tdoanything.It’sreallynot____22____.”BritishpsychologistMelanieKleintoldherthatthere’ssomethingthat____23____thefeeling:self-centeredness.Lookingattheexperienceinalessself-centeredwaycanhelpyoumanageit____24____.Whatyoushoulddoisstepbacktoseethingsfroma____25____angle,oneinwhichwearenotatthecenter.Infact,youmightthinkyoualreadydothatandtakeprideinneverbeingunkindor____26____anotherperson.WhenSylviatookherselfoutofthe____27____,shefoundsomeofherteammateswerequite____28____andinexpericnced.Maybetheywereafraidtheywouldn’tbegoodenoughto____29____someofthetasks.Shebeganexperimentingwithwaysto_____30_____theirstrengthsandatthesametimetohelpthemdo_____31_____theycouldbegoodat.Teamprojects_____32_____,asdidteamspirit;andwithinayear,shewas_____33_____andmadeateamleader.Takingyourselfoutofthespotlight(聚光灯)isn’talwayseasy._____34_____,itisagreatwaytotakeproperresponsibilitywithoutbccoming_____35_____.21.A.ideaB.jobC.praiseD.skill22.A.badB.enoughC.smoothD.fair23.A.resultsinB.getsoverC.wipesoutD.addsto24.A.carefullyB.bitterlyC.easilyD.personally25.A.saferB.funnierC.strangerD.wider26.A.controllingB.hurtingC.refusingD.helping 27.A.stressB.fightC.centerD.anger28.A.youngB.energeticC.daringD.brilliant29.A.groupB.obtainC.listD.shoulder30.A.testB.supportC.ignoreD.reject31.A.workB.researchC.exercisesD.sports32.A.matteredB.improvedC.failedD.changed33.A.punishedB.imitatedC.promotedD.persuaded34.A.ThereforeB.MeanwhileC.InsteadD.However35.A.annoyedB.shockedC.surprisedD.embarrassed【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.C25.D26.B27.C28.A29.D30.B31.A32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Sylvia以自我为中心，感觉团队里的工作都是她一个人完成的，其它人只是坐享其成，她很生气。但在心理学家梅勒妮·克莱因帮助下，她开始调整心态，并主动支持队友的优势，并让他们做自己擅长的工作。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后团队得到了表扬，即使是那些什么都没做的人。这真的不公平。A.idea想法；B.job工作；C.praise表扬，赞美；D.skill技巧。根据上文“I’malwaystheonedoingallthework”和句中“Andthentheteamgets”可推知，Sylvia抱怨说自己一个人完成所有工作，但团队得到表扬。故选C项。【22题详解】考查形容词词词义辨析。句意：然后团队得到了表扬，即使是那些什么都没做的人。这真的不公平。A.bad坏的；B.enough充足的；C.smooth光滑的；D.fair公平的。根据上文“I’malwaystheonedoingallthework”和“Andthentheteamgetsthe　　1　　eventhepeoplewhodon’tdoanything.”可知，Sylvia感觉团队里的工作都是她一个人完成的，同时其它人坐享其成，跟着受表扬，所以这不公平。故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：英国心理学家梅勒妮·克莱因告诉她，有一些东西导致了这种感觉：自我中心。A.resultsin导致；B.getsover克服；C.wipesout消灭；D.addsto加入。根据句中“BritishpsychologistMelanieKlein”可推知，心理学家在帮助Sylvia分析原因，找是什么导致了她有这种感受。故选A项。【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：用一种不那么以自我为中心的方式来看待这段经历可以帮助你更容易地管理它。A.carefully小心地，仔细地；B.bitterly愤怒地，痛苦地；C.easily容易地；D.personally就个人而言。根据句中“Lookingattheexperienceinalessself-centeredwaycanhelpyou”可知，心理学家梅勒妮·克莱因提出了专业的建议，让她更容易管理自己的感受。故选C项。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你应该做的是退一步，从一个更广阔的角度看问题，一个我们不是在中心的角度。A.safer更安全；B.funnier更有趣的；C.stranger更奇怪的；D.wider宽的，广阔的。根据上文可知，心理学家梅勒妮·克莱因指出Sylvia产生那些想法的原因是“self-centeredness”，即“以自我为中心”；心理学家提出新的看问题的方式“angle,oneinwhichwearenotatthecenter”，即“一个不以我们为中心的角度”，与之前“以自我为中心”相比较而言，这一角度不狭隘，是一种更为广阔的角度。故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，你可能认为你已经这样做了，并为从未不友善或伤害别人而自豪。A.controlling控制；B.hurting伤害；C.refusing拒绝；D.helping帮助。根据句中“unkind”可知，此处指对人不友好或伤害别人。故选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Sylvia从自我中心中走出来时，她发现她的一些队友相当年轻，缺乏经验。A.stress精神压力；B.fight与……作斗争；C.center中心；D.anger愤怒。根据最后一段“Takingyourselfoutofthespotlight(聚光灯)isn’talwayseasy.”可知，此处指Sylvia从以自我为中心走出来后，对队友有了新的发现，能够理解他们的行为了。故选C项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Sylvia从愤怒中走出来时，她发现她的一些队友相当年轻，缺乏经验。A.young年轻的；B.energetic精力充沛的；C.daring勇于冒险的；D.brilliant巧妙的。根据句中“inexpericnced”可推辞，她的一些队友年轻，缺乏经验。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许他们担心自己不够好，无法承担一些任务。A.group聚集；B.obtain得到；C.list列清单；D.shoulder承担。根据上文“inexpericnced”和句中“theywereafraidtheywouldn’tbegoodenough”可知，Sylvia的队友因年轻且缺乏经验，担心自己不够好，无法承担任务。故选D项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开始尝试各种方法来支持他们的优势，同时帮助他们做他们擅长的工作。A.test测验；B.support支持；C.ignore忽视；D.reject拒绝。根据下文“andatthesametimetohelpthem”推知，Sylvia支持同事的优势。故选B项。 【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她开始尝试各种方法来测试他们的优势，同时帮助他们做他们擅长的工作。A.work工作；B.research工作；C.exercises练习题；D.sports运动。根据句中“theirstrengths”和“theycouldbegoodat”可知，发现队友的优势后，会帮助他们做他们擅长的工作。故选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：团队项目得到提高，团队精神得到提升；不到一年，她就升职了，成为了团队领导。A.mattered要紧；B.improved提高；C.failed失败；D.changed改变。根据上文可知，Sylvia不再生气和抱怨，开始帮助队友找到优势，并让他们做自己擅长的工作，所以团队的项目得到提高。故选B项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：团队项目得到提高，团队精神得到提升；不到一年，她就升职了，成为了团队领导。A.punished惩罚；B.imitated模仿；C.promoted升职，晋升；D.persuaded说服。根据句中“madeateamleader”可知，Sylvia晋升了。故选C项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是一个很好的方式来承担适当的责任而不生气。A.Therefore因此；B.Meanwhile与此同时；C.Instead反而；D.However然而。上文“Takingyourselfoutofthespotlight(聚光灯)isn’talwayseasy”说远离聚光灯，不再以自我为中心并不容易，下文“itisagreatway”说它的好处，上下文之间是转折关系。故选D项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这是一个很好的方式来承担适当的责任而不生气。A.annoyed恼怒的；B.shocked吃惊的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“Sylviawasmadatherworkteamaftertryingtogetthemtofinishajobthawasduethatday.”可知，Sylvia之前以自我为中心，所以生团队的气，但现在她不再以自我为中心，远离了“聚光灯”，这会让她不那么生气恼怒。故选A项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Formorethan50years,anyonebuyingorrentingahousecouldlookuphowvulnerable(易受攻击的)___36___istoflooding.Butforwildfirerisk,homeownersweremostlyinthedark.Evenwiththousandsofhomes___37___(destroy)bywildfireseveryyear,mosthomeowners___38___movereceivelittleornoinformationabouttherisktheyretakingon.Now,___39___non-profitresearchgroupisreleasingafirstofitskindtoolforhomeowners.ProducedbyFirstStreetFoundation,theratingtoolshowsthewildfireriskfor;propertiesacrossthelower48states,andshowshow thatriskwillchangeastheclimategetshotter.TheinformationwillbeshownonRealtor.com,expandingtootherrealestate(不动产)siteslater.Theinformationfillsagapleftbygovernment.Onlyahandfulofstates___40___(map)wherecommunitiesaremostatrisktowildfiresofar.FederalmapsfromtheUSForestServicearen’tmeant___41___(use)forindividualproperties.___42___(know)aboutwildfireriskmaynotnecessarilydissuade(劝阻)buyers,___43___(especial)wherehousingisinshortsupply.Butwildfireexpertssaythattherearemany___44___(step)homeownerscanstilltaketomaketheirhomessafer,likecuttingdownthetreesnext____45____thehousesandusingfire-resistantbuildingmaterials.【答案】36.it37.destroyed38.who##that39.a40.havemapped41.tobeused42.Knowing43.especially44.steps45.to【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。50多年来，任何购买或租赁房屋的人都会发现房屋在洪水面前有多么脆弱。但对于野火风险，房主们大多不知情。现在，一个非盈利研究小组正在为房主发布第一个此类工具，显示野火风险；该信息将显示网站，之后扩展到其他房地产网站。【36题详解】考查人称代词。句意：50多年来，任何购买或租赁房屋的人都会发现房屋在洪水面前有多么脆弱。分析句子可知，空格处应填入人称代词作宾语从句“howvulnerable(易受攻击的)___1___istoflooding”的主语，该代词代指上文的名词house，故应用it。故填it。37题详解】考查过去分词。句意：尽管每年都有成千上万的房屋被野火摧毁，但大多数搬家的房主很少或根本没有收到关于他们所面临风险的信息。分析句子可知，空格处应使用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，构成“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。宾语thousandsofhomes与动词destroy构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词。故填destroyed。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子可知，此处是限制性定语从句。先行词是mosthomeowners ，指人，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。【39题详解】考查冠词。句意：现在，一个非盈利研究小组正在为房主发布第一个此类工具。分析句子可知，空格处应填入冠词。根据句意，此处指“一个非盈利研究小组”，应用不定冠词。non-profit读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。【40题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：到目前为止，只有少数几个州绘制了社区遭受野火风险最大的地图。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据时间状语sofar可知，此处应用现在完成时。map作动词时意为“绘制地图”，主语ahandfulofstates与动词map构成逻辑上的主谓关系。故填havemapped。【41题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：美国森林局的联邦地图不适用于个人财产。bemeanttodo是固定结构，意为“注定要……；本应该，必须”。主语Federalmaps与use构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应用动词不定式的被动结构。故填tobeused。【42题详解】考查动名词。句意：对野火风险的了解可能不一定会劝阻购房者，尤其是在住房短缺的情况下。分析句子可知，空格处应填入动名词作主语，置于句首首字母应大写。故填Knowing。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词作状语。especial的副词形式为especially，意为“尤其；特别”。故填especially。【44题详解】考查名词的数。句意：但野火专家表示，房主仍然可以采取许多措施来让他们的房子更安全，比如砍伐房屋旁边的树木，使用防火建筑材料。根据空格前的many可知，空格处应填入名词复数形式。故填steps。【45题详解】考查介词。句意：同上。nextto意为“在……旁边”，符合句意。故填to。第三部分写作［共两节，满分40分］第一节(满分15分)46.假设你是李华，为了培养学生的灾害应急处理能力，你校将邀请专家就灾害逃生进行演讲。请你写一封邮件，邀请你的英国朋友Jim参加。内容包括：①演讲时间、地点；②演讲内容；③询问意向。 注意：词数80左右。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearJim,Ourschoolwillinviteanexperttodeliveraspeechaboutwaysofescapingfromadisaster.I’dliketoinviteyoutotakepart.Thespeechwilltakeplaceintheschoolhallat8nextMondaymorning.Itmainlyinvolveshowtoavoidharmwhendisasterslikealandslide,atyphoonorablizzardhappen.Besides,waysofrescuingoneselforothersinanemergencywillalsobeprovided.Thiswillhelpimproveourcapabilitiesofescapingfromadisaster.Iwonderifyoucancomeandjoinus.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件，邀请英国朋友Jim参加有关灾害逃生的演讲。【详解】1.词汇积累发表讲话：deliveraspeech→giveaspeech参与：takepart→participate举行：takeplace→beheld改善：improve→strengthen2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Besides,waysofrescuingoneselforothersinanemergencywillalsobeprovided.Thiswillhelpimproveourcapabilitiesofescapingfromadisaster.拓展句：Besides,waysofrescuingoneselforothersinanemergencywillalsobeprovided,whichwillhelpimproveourcapabilitiesofescapingfromadisaster.【点睛】【高分句型1】Itmainlyinvolveshowtoavoidharmwhendisasterslikealandslide,atyphoonorablizzardhappen.(使用了when引导的时间状语从句)【高分句型2】Besides,waysofrescuingoneselforothersinanemergencywillalsobeprovided.(使用了动名词充当宾语) 第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。Jacksondidnotfeelgoodsohestayedathomefromschooltoday.Hedidnotliketobesick.Itwasnofunatall.Hegotoutofhisbedandwalkedintohisbrother’sbedroom.Carter,hisbrother,lovedcars.Hehadthemalloverhisroom.Jacksontouchedoneoftheblacktires.HewishedCarterwashome.Carterlikedtotalkaboutthemodelcarsashewasputtingthemtogether.JacksonleftCarter’sroomandwalkeddownthehalltotheroomhistwinsistersshared.EllalikedwearingprettyclothesandMadisonlikedridingherhorse.Elladecoratedthewallbehindherbedwithpicturesofgirlsinfancyclothes.AbigposterofahorsewasonthewallbehindMadison’sbed.Jacksonturnedandwalkedbackoutoftheroom.Hewalkedbackdownthehallandintohislittlesister’sroom.Sophiewastheyoungestkidinthefamily.Shelovedtodanceandyoucouldsuretellthatfromlookingatherroom.Abigposterofaballerina(芭蕾舞女演员)wasoverthedresser.Shewaswearingafunnypinkoutfitwithaspecialskirt.Sophietoldhimwhatthedresswascalled,buthecouldn’trememberrightnow.Ashestoodthere,tryingtorememberwhatitwascalled,herealizedallofhisbrotherandsisters’roomslookedlikethethingstheyloved.Carterhadcarsinhisroom,Ellafashion,Madisonhorses,andSophieballet.Jacksonwonderedwhathisroomsaidabouthim.Hewalkedbackdownthehallandstoodinthedoorwayofhisroom.注意:1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Paragraph1:Jacksonaskedhismomwhyhisroomlookeddifferentfromtheothers’.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:“Apersondoesn’thavetolikejustonething.Somepeople,likeyou,arejustcuriousabouteverything,”hismomsaid. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Paragraph1:Jacksonaskedhismomwhyhisroomlookeddifferentfromtheothers’.Hisroomwascompletelyinamess.Therewasaracetrack,aplastichatthatwaspartofamagictricksetandacoupleofplasticdinosaurs.Somecleanclotheswerestacked.Feelingabitupset,Jacksonturnedtohismother.“Youcantellwhattheylikejustbylookingattheirrooms.Carterlovescars,Ellalovesclothes,andMadisonloveshorses.Butlookatmyroom.ItlookslikeIdon’tlikeanything!”Paragraph2“Apersondoesn’thavetolikejustonething.Somepeople,likeyou,arejustcuriousabouteverything,”hismomsaid.“Lookingaroundyourroomtellsmethatyouliketoracecars,buildthings,domagicandyou’reeveninterestedindinosaurs.Curiosityispartofhumannature.Goodthinkersareexcitedbynewideasandareeagertoexploreandinvestigatethem.Youareagreatboy!I’mproudofyou!”Hearingmom’swords,Jacksonshowedhisgratitudeasabigsmilespreadacrosshisface.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了杰克逊感觉身体不适，待在家里不去上学，他在家里走遍了兄弟姐妹的房间，发现只有自己的房间是乱糟糟的，好像自己什么都不喜欢，感到很沮丧，最后在妈妈的开导下，重新露出了笑容的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“杰克逊问他的妈妈为什么他的房间看起来和其他人的不一样。”可知，第一段可描写杰克逊房间的样貌并向妈妈倾诉自己不开心的原因。②由第二段首句内容“妈妈说：“一个人不必只喜欢一件事。有些人，像你一样，对一切都很好奇。””可知，第二段可描写妈妈开导杰克逊，杰克逊意识到自己的特殊，露出了笑容。2.续写线索：房间模样——向妈妈倾诉——妈妈开导——好奇心的好处——杰克逊露出笑容3.词汇激活行为类①区别：tell/distinguish②调查：investigate/research ③成堆：stack/pileup情绪类①难过：upset/sad②感激：gratitude/appreciation【点睛】【高分句型1】Feelingabitupset,Jacksonturnedtohismother.(使用了现在分词充当原因状语)【高分句型2】Hearingmom’swords,Jacksonshowedhisgratitudeasabigsmilespreadacrosshisface.(使用了现在分词充当时间状语，以及as引导的时间状语从句)