内蒙古包头市铁路第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题(Word版附解析)
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包铁一中2023-2024学年第一学期月考试题高三英语注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。笔试部分一、阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。ATheTangDynasty,whichlastedfrom618to907AD,isoftenconsideredasChina’sgoldenage.IndeedChinesecultureflourishedundertheTang,andTangpoetsareperhapsthebestknownofallChineseliteraryfigures.ThefollowingarefourschoolsofTangpoetry.Takealook.FrontierFortressPoetry(边塞诗)GaoShiCenShenandWangChanglingarerepresentativesofthispoetry.Itmainlydescribesthehardshipofthebattlefield,heroicspiritofdefendingthehomeland,orhomesicknessofsoldiers.RepresentativeworksincludeOvertheBorcferbyWangChangling,SongofWriteSnowonSecretaryWu’sReturntoCapitalbyCenShen,etc.LandscapePastoralPoetryTherepresentativesofthisschoolareWangWeiandMengHaoran.Manyofitsthemesaremountains,cloudsandhermits(隐士).Itsstyleissimpleandelegant.TherepresentativeworksincludeThinkingofMyBrothersonMountainClimbingDaybyWangWei,SpringMorningbyMengandsoon.RomanticPoetryLiBaiisatypicalrepresentativeofromanticpoetry,whoenjoysthetitleof“GeniusofPoetry”.Toexpresshisdesireforfreedomandpersonalvalue,hispoetryisfreeandbold,withcreativeimagination.OneofhismostfamouspoemsisATranquilNight,whichisabouthomesickness,includedinmanyschooltextbooks.RealisticPoetry
DuFuisknownasthe“SageofPoetry”.Hispoemsareinarealisticartstylewithstrongfeelingsofcompassionandconcernforthedestiny(命运)ofthecountry.Hisworks“ThreeOfficials”and“ThreeFarewells”bothreflectpeople’ssufferingsatthattime.1.WhoisoneoftherepresentativesofFrontierFortressPoetry?A.WangWei.B.CenShen.C.LiBai.D.DuFu.2.Whichpoemiswrittenbyaromanticpoet?A.SpringMorning.B.OvertheBorder.C.ATranquilNight.D.ThinkingofMyBrothersonMountainClimbingDay.3.Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementisright?A.MengHaoranistherepresentativeofRomanticPoetry.B.TheTangDynastylastedfrom608to917AD.C.LiBaiisknownasthe“SageofPoetry”.D.“ThreeFarewells”reflectspeople’ssufferingsintheTangDynasty.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了唐诗的四个流派。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据FrontierFortressPoetry(边塞诗)中GaoShi,CenShenandWangChanglingarerepresentativesofthispoetry.“高师、岑参、王长岭是这一诗派的代表人物。”由此可知,CenShen是边塞诗的代表人物之一。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据RomanticPoetry中OneofhismostfamouspoemsisATranquilNight,whichisabouthomesickness,includedinmanyschooltextbooks.“他最著名的一首诗是《宁静的夜晚》,这是一首关于思乡的诗,很多学校的教科书里都有。”由此可知,ATranquilNight这首诗是浪漫主义诗人写的。故选C。3题详解】细节理解题。根据RealisticPoetry中的Hisworks“ThreeOfficials”and“ThreeFarewells”bothreflectpeople’ssufferingsatthattime.他的作品“ThreeOfficials”和“ThreeFarewells”都反映了当时人民的苦难。由此可知,“ThreeFarewells”反映了唐代人民的苦难。故选D。
【点睛】在细节考查题中有一类事实细节题。该题属于细节类型的阅读理解题,一般只针对某个特定的细节,题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题,在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题,正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节,所选答案一定要符合原文,切不可望文生义。本题第3小题,根据RealisticPoetry中的Hisworks“ThreeOfficials”and“ThreeFarewells”bothreflectpeople’ssufferingsatthattime.他的作品“ThreeOfficials”和“ThreeFarewells”都反映了当时人民的苦难。由此可知,“ThreeFarewells”反映了唐代人民的苦难。故选D。BVeryearlyoninmysenioryearofhighschool,myparentscarriedtheflameofworryingaboutmyfuturecollege.Iwaswillingtogotoa2-yearcollegebeforegoingaftermybachelor,sdegree.Thiswasfortworeasons—tohelpthemsavemoneyandtomakesureImajorinEnglish.However,theyinsistedIattenda4-yearcollegerightoffthebat.Iwaspushedtostartsearchingforcollegestherefore,onesthatmyparentsapprovedofandthatwerewithintherangeoftuitionthatmymomthoughtwasacceptable.Iwasalsolimitedtotheimmediateareas,whichonlyincludedNewYork,Connecticut,Pennsylvania,andNewJersey,soIcannotapplyforanycollegesinoneofmyfavoriteplaces—NewHampshire.I’llbehonest.Itgotabittenseattimeswithseveraldifferentopinionsbetweenmyparentsandme,andwithotherfamilymembersorfriendsvoicingtheirthoughtstomyparents.Intheend,Iendedupapplyingforthreeschools—SUNYAlbany,SUNYNewPaltzandKutztownUniversityinPennsylvania.IhadbeentoNewPaltzquiteoftenasitwasonly45minutesawayfromourhome.AndKutztownislocatedinanareaourfamilyoftenvisited.Iwasacceptedbyallthree,andIquicklygaveupAlbany.Iwasnotimpressedwiththecityandwasn’tfamiliarwiththearea.ItwasbetweenNewPaltzandKutztown.Afterafewweeks,IendedupsettlingonNewPaltzbecauseKutztownjustdidn’t“feelright”forme.WhenIwasoncampus,Ihadafeelingthatthiswasit.Lookingbacknow,IwishIhadknownmoreabouttheapplicationprocessandhadalittlemorefreedomofchoiceaboutwhichcollegeIcouldapplyfor.IprobablywouldstillhaveattendedSUNYNewPaltz.4.Whatdidtheauthor’sparentsthinkheshoulddo?A.Chooseacollegethatcouldprovidegoodjobs.B.Gotoacommunitycollegetosavemoney.C.Chooseacollegethathelikedbest.D.Gotoa4-yearcollegedirectly.
5.Whydidn’ttheauthorchoosecollegesinNewHampshire?A.Hedidntliketheplace.B.Hissituationdidn’tallowit.C.Thelivingexpensesthereweretoohigh.D.Hewasn’tsurewhetherornothewouldfitinthere.6.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouthisfinalchoice?A.Embarrassed.B.Frightened.C.Satisfied.D.Worried.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowIchosemycollegeB.HowtoapplyforacollegeC.Differentchoices,differentfutureD.Themeaningofattendingcollege【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。这篇文章讲述作者是如何选择大学的。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句theyinsistedIattenda4-yearcollegerightoffthebat.“他们一开始就坚持要我上四年制的大学。”由此可知,父母让他直接上四年制大学。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段Iwaspushedtostartsearchingforcollegestherefore,onesthatmyparentsapprovedofandthatwerewithintherangeoftuitionthatmymomthoughtwasacceptable.Iwasalsolimitedtotheimmediateareas,whichonlyincludedNewYork,Connecticut,Pennsylvania,andNewJersey,soIcannotapplyforanycollegesinoneofmyfavoriteplaces—NewHampshire.“因此,我被迫开始寻找我父母认可的、在我母亲认为可以接受的学费范围内的大学。我也被限制在附近的地区,只包括纽约、康涅狄格、宾夕法尼亚和新泽西,所以我不能申请我最喜欢的地方之一——新罕布什尔的任何大学。”由此判断出,作者没有选择新罕布什尔的大学是因为他的情况不允许这样。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Afterafewweeks,IendedupsettlingonNewPaltzbecauseKutztownjustdidn’t“feelright”forme.WhenIwasoncampus,Ihadafeelingthatthiswasit.“几周后,我最终选择了新帕尔茨,因为库茨敦对我来说“不太合适”。当我在学校的时候,我有一种就应该是这样的感觉。”由此推知,者对他最后的选择是“感到满意的”。故选C。【7题详解】
标题判断题。根据第一段Veryearlyoninmysenioryearofhighschool,myparentscarriedtheflameofworryingaboutmyfuturecollege.Iwaswillingtogotoa2-yearcollegebeforegoingaftermybachelor,sdegree.Thiswasfortworeasons—tohelpthemsavemoneyandtomakesureImajorinEnglish.However,theyinsistedIattenda4-yearcollegerightoffthebat.“早在我高三的时候,我的父母就对我未来的大学生活忧心忡忡。在获得学士学位之前,我想上两年制的大学。这样做有两个原因:一是为了帮助他们省钱,二是为了确保我的专业是英语。然而,他们坚持要我马上去读四年制的大学。”以及最后一段“Lookingbacknow,IwishIhadknownmoreabouttheapplicationprocessandhadalittlemorefreedomofchoiceaboutwhichcollegeIcouldapplyfor.”现在回想起来,我希望我对申请过程有更多的了解,对申请哪所大学有更多的自由选择。由此可知,短文的最佳标题诶是“我是如何选择大学的。”故选A。【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,做出一定的推理判断,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话,也可能是某几句话,所以,推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案:即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,concludeindicate等标志性词语。本题第3小题,根据倒数第二段中Afterafewweeks,IendedupsettlingonNewPaltzbecauseKutztownjustdidn’t“feelright”forme.WhenIwasoncampus,Ihadafeelingthatthiswasit.“几周后,我最终选择了新帕尔茨,因为库茨敦对我来说“不太合适”。当我在学校的时候,我有一种就应该是这样的感觉。”由此推知,者对他最后的选择是“感到满意的”感觉。故选C。CRecently,themostheatedtopicof“whichistherightbinformygarbage”hassweptChina.ShanghaiisamongChina’sfirstcitiestointroducegarbageclassification(垃圾分类)andalsothecountry’smostseriousinitsperforming.SinceJuly1,2019,Shanghairesidentshavebeenrequiredbylawtosortgarbageintofourdifferentcategories,ortheycouldfacefines.Individuals,includingtourists,canbefined200yuanforfailingtosorttheirwasteproperly,whilecompaniesandinstitutionscanbefinedupto50,000yuan.Thegovernmenthassetuponlineappstohandlesortingquestions,andannouncedguidelinestoaddressthe“one-size-fits-all”method.Thecountryisabouttoinvestover21billionyuanintheconstructionofgarbageprocessingfacilitiestomeetdemands.Nowit’sintroducingartificialintelligenceintoitswastemanagementsystem,bysettinguplittlecamerasinmanysetsofbins.However,noteveryfacecanberecognizedbythesmartdustbinuntilyouregisterforthesystem.Onceregistrationiscomplete,userswillscanaQRcodeonthebin,whichthenopensituptoallowforgarbagedisposal(处理).Now,eachhouseholdgetsonespecialQRcodeforthrowingoutwaste.Here,theintelligentbinsdon’tjustcalculategarbageweight,theyalsohelpresidentsgainrewardsbycollectingpointsthroughthespecialapp.
Chinaissteppingintotheageofcompulsorygarbagesortingwithitscitiesrevisinglawsongarbageclassification.ForShanghai,sixtypercentofthecityisexpectedtocarryoutgarbagesortingbytheendof2019,and90percentby2020.Garbagesortingis,withoutdoubt,acostlybutworthwhileendeavor.Itisgoodfortheenvironmentandimportantforthecountry’ssustainabledevelopment(可持续发展),andmayfinallyturnouttobeapromisingindustryaswell.8.Whatisthecorrectorderinusingsmartgarbagesortingsystem?①Gainrewards.②Openupthebin③Registerforthesystem.④ScanaQRcodeonthebin.A.③④②①B.④②③①C.③①②④D.④③②①9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“endeavor”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Effort.B.Fashion.C.Announcement.D.Decision.10.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A.Theintelligentbinscanonlyshowgarbageweight.B.ResidentshavetosortgarbageintofourdifferentcategoriesinShanghai.C.Ifcompaniesforgettosorttheirwaste,theycanbefined200yuan.D.Touristscanavoidbeingfinedforfailingtosorttheirwastecorrectly.11.Whydoesourcountrypushaheadwithcompulsorygarbagesorting?ATobuildagarbagesortingsystem.B.Toincreasetheuseofartificialintelligence.C.Topromotesustainabledevelopmentofenvironment.D.Tosupporttheconstructionofgarbageprocessingfacilities.【答案】8.A9.A10.B11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近,最热门的话题“哪个垃圾桶最适合我的垃圾”席卷了中国。在上海,居民必须把垃圾分成四类。我国要推行强制垃圾分类是为了促进环境的可持续发展。【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段However,noteveryfacecanberecognizedbythesmartdustbinuntilyouregisterforthesystem.Onceregistrationiscomplete,userswillscanaQRcodeonthebin,whichthenopensituptoallowforgarbagedisposal(处理).Now,eachhouseholdgetsonespecialQRcodeforthrowingoutwaste.Here,theintelligentbinsdon’tjustcalculategarbageweight,theyalsohelpresidentsgainrewardsbycollectingpointsthroughthespecialapp.“然而,并不是每一张脸都能被智能垃圾桶识别,直到你注册了这个系统。注册完成后,用户将扫描垃圾桶上的二维码,然后打开垃圾桶进行垃圾处理。现在,每个家庭都有一个特殊的二维码来扔垃圾。在这里,智能垃圾桶不仅可以计算垃圾的重量,还可以通过这款特殊的应用,帮助居民通过积分获得奖励。”由此可知,使用智能垃圾分类系统的正确顺序是A项③④②①。故选A。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中ForShanghai,sixtypercentofthecityisexpectedtocarryoutgarbagesortingbytheendof2019,and90percentby2020.在上海,预计到2019年底,60%的城市将进行垃圾分类,到2020年,这一比例将达到90%。和Itisgoodfortheenvironmentandimportantforthecountry’ssustainabledevelopment(可持续发展),andmayfinallyturnouttobeapromisingindustryaswell.“它对环境有好处,对国家的可持续发展也很重要,最终可能会成为一个有前途的行业。”由此推知,Garbagesortingis,withoutdoubt,acostlybutworthwhileendeavor.(毫无疑问,垃圾分类是一项成本高昂但值得努力的工作。)中的划线词的意思是“努力”。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中SinceJuly1,2019,Shanghairesidentshavebeenrequiredbylawtosortgarbageintofourdifferentcategories,ortheycouldfacefines.“自2019年7月1日起,上海居民被法律要求将垃圾分为四类,否则将面临罚款。”由此可知,在上海,居民必须把垃圾分成四类。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Itisgoodfortheenvironmentandimportantforthecountry’ssustainabledevelopment(可持续发展),andmayfinallyturnouttobeapromisingindustryaswell.“它对环境有好处,对国家的可持续发展也很重要,最终可能会成为一个有前途的行业。”由此判断出,我国要推行强制垃圾分类是为了促进环境的可持续发展。故选C。D(TheNewYorkTimes,Oct.7)The2019NobelPrizeinphysiology(生理学)ormedicinewasjointlyawardedtothreescientists—WilliamG.KaelinJr.,PeterJ.RatcliffeandGreggL.Semenza—fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.TheNobelAssemblyannouncedtheprizeattheKarolinskaInstituteinStockholmonMonday.Theirworkestablishedthegeneticmechanisms(机制)thatallowcellstorespondtochangesinoxygenlevels.
Thefindingshaveimplications(启示)fortreatingavarietyofdiseases.Whydidtheywin?“Oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingorganisms(生物体),”saidDr.GeorgeDaley,deanofHarvardMedicalSchool.“Withoutoxygen,cellscan’tsurvive.”Buttoomuchortoolittleoxygencanbedeadly.Thethreeresearcherstriedtoanswerthisquestion:Howdocellsregulatetheirresponses?Theinvestigatorsuncovereddetailedgeneticresponsestochangingoxygenlevelsthatallowcellsinthebodiesofhumansandotheranimalstosenseandrespondtofluctuations(波动),increasinganddecreasinghowmuchoxygentheyreceive.Whyistheworkimportant?Thediscoveriesrevealthecellularmechanismsthatcontrolsuchthingsasadaptationtohighaltitudesandhowcancercellsmanagetohijack(攫取)oxygen.RandallJohnson,amemberoftheNobelAssembly,describedtheworkasa“textbookdiscovery”andsaiditwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation.“Thisisabasicaspectofhowacellworks,andIthinkfromthatstandpointaloneit’saveryexcitingthing.”Johnsonsaid.Theresearchalsohasimplicationsfortreatingvariousdiseasesinwhichoxygenisinshortsupply—includinganemia,heartattacksandstrokes—aswellasfortreatmentofcancersthatarefedbyandseekoutoxygen.12.ThisresearchhaswontheNobelPrizemainlybecause____________.A.therewasnoresearchofthiskindinthepastB.oxygenisthelifebloodoflivingthingsC.ithasuncoveredhowcellssenseandrespondtochangesinoxygenlevelsD.variousdiseaseswillbecuredwiththehelpofthefindingsoftheresearch13.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_____________.A.TheNobelPrizewasawardedtoaphysiologistonMondayinSweden.B.Cancercellsmanagetohijackoxygenandneedoxygentodevelop.C.Themoreoxygenthereisinblood,thehealthieralivingbodywillbe.D.Thegeneticmechanismshavebeenfoundthatallowoxygentoadapttocells.14.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedwordinthetext?A.usedfortextbooksB.powerfulandauthoritativeC.typicalasaperfectexampleD.basicandclear
15.InwhichpartofTheNewYorkTimescanyoufindthisarticle?A.EntertainmentB.CultureC.TechnologyD.Science【答案】12.C13.B14.C15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖联合授予了三位科学家,他们发现了细胞如何感知并适应氧气变化的含量。这是一项具有开创性的发现,为抗击贫血、癌症和许多其他疾病的新策略铺平了道路。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中…fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.(以表彰他们在细胞感知和适应氧气供应的适应性方面所做的工作。)可知这项研究之所以获得诺贝尔奖,主要是因为它揭示了细胞如何感知和响应氧气水平的变化。故选C。13题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中Thediscoveriesrevealthecellularmechanismsthatcontrolsuchthingsasadaptationtohighaltitudesandhowcancercellsmanagetohijack(攫取)oxygen.(这些发现揭示了细胞机制,这些机制控制着对高海拔环境的适应,以及癌细胞是如何攫取氧气的。)我们可以从文章中得知癌细胞设法攫取氧气并需要氧气来发育。故选B。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文itwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation它将是学生在最基础的生物教育阶段就开始学习的东西,可知RandallJohnson称这项研究是很典型的发现,是“教科书式的发现”。故可知划线单词意思为“典型的”,故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段(TheNewYorkTimes,Oct.7)The2019NobelPrizeinphysiologyormedicinewasjointlyawardedtothreescientists—WilliamG.KaelinJr.,PeterJ.RatcliffeandGreggL.Semenza—fortheirworkonhowcellssenseandadapttooxygenavailability.((《纽约时报》10月7日报道)2019年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖联合授予了三位科学家——WilliamG.KaelinJr.、PeterJ.Ratcliffe和GreggL.Semenza,以表彰他们在细胞感知和适应氧气供应方面所做的工作。)以及文章的主要内容围绕他们的发现,可知你可以在《纽约时报》的科学版上找到这篇文章。故选D。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一,可以大致分为①定义猜词,可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用referto,becalled或that’stosay,suchas等。
②逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义,例如,similarly,thesameas,but,however,while,ontheotherhand,since,because等,所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。③语法猜词,可以根据构词法,再结合上下文进行猜词。④语境猜词,猜测词义离不开上下文的语境,通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析,同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。⑤指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容,做题时要注意指代词的位置,以便于判断,然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词,核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致,最后比较所找部分与选项,确定意思最接近的选项。如第三小题,根据下文itwouldbesomethingstudentswouldstartlearningatthemostbasiclevelsofbiologyeducation它将是学生在最基础的生物教育阶段就开始学习的东西,可知RandallJohnson称这项研究是很典型的发现,是“教科书式的发现”。故可知划线单词意思为“典型的”,故选C。第二节:(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whetheryouvolunteeratananimalshelterorinahospital,volunteeringisawonderfulopportunitytobringgoodintotheworldandsupportyourcommunity.Therearealotofdifferentvolunteeropportunities.____16____Herearesometipsonhowtobeanevenbettervolunteer.Volunteerforsomethingyoulove.____17____Ifyourpassionishelpingthosewithcancer,volunteertoraisemoneyforresearch.Ifyou’repassionateaboutimprovingtheenvironment,volunteertopickuptrashinpublicplaces.Yourpassionwillkeepyoumotivated,soputyoureffortintosomethingyoutreasure.____18____Youareprobablynotbestsuitedfordirectingtrafficifyouareshy.Berespectfultothoseorganizers,butletthemknowyourstrengthsandshowthemhowyourstrengthscanbebeneficialinyourvolunteerwork.Findthebalancethatbringsyourtalentstothetableandreallyhelpstheorganization.Beontime.Thisisasimplebutimportantidea.Thinkaboutbeinglateforyourwork;yourboss,coworkersandcustomerswouldbeupset.Thesameappliestovolunteering.____19____Mixyourvolunteerjobs.Ifyoubecomebored,itmaybetimeforaschedulechangeinyourlife.____20____Itisvolunteering,soyouaren’tstuckinoneplace.A.Offerwhatyoucandobest.B.Askwhat’sexpectedofvolunteers.C.Soifsuchathingdoeshappen,justcallandletthemknow.D.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatitis,butitdoesmatterwhatyoulike.
E.Therefore,everyonecanfindavolunteeringopportunitythatsuitstheirskillsandinterests.F.However,youwillvolunteerlongerinanorganizationthatsupportsacauseyoucareabout.G.Volunteerondifferentdaysoraskfordifferenttaskstoseewhatotheropportunitiesareoutthere.【答案】16.E17.D18.A19.C20.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一些如何成为更好的志愿者的建议。【16题详解】根据上文提示“有很多不同的志愿者机会。”再根据下文提示“这里有一些如何成为更好的志愿者的建议。”承接上下文,E项Therefore,everyonecanfindavolunteeringopportunitythatsuitstheirskillsandinterests.(因此,每个人都可以找到一个适合自己技能和兴趣的志愿者机会。)切题。故选E。【17题详解】根据上文提示“自愿做你喜欢的事情。”承接上文,D项Itdoesn’tmatterwhatitis,butitdoesmatterwhatyoulike.(是什么并不重要,重要的是你喜欢什么。)切题。故选D。【18题详解】根据下文提示“如果你害羞,你可能不太适合指挥交通。要尊重这些组织者,但也要让他们知道你的长处,并向他们展示你的长处在志愿者工作中的益处。找到一种平衡,既能发挥你的才能,又能真正帮助公司。”承接下文,A项Offerwhatyoucandobest.(提供你能做到最好的。)【19题详解】根据上文提示“想想看,你上班迟到了;你的老板、同事和客户会不高兴。这同样适用于志愿活动。”承接上文,C项Soifsuchathingdoeshappen,justcallandletthemknow.(所以如果真的发生了这样的事情,打电话让他们知道就好了。)切题。故选C。【20题详解】根据上文提示“如果你觉得无聊了,可能是时候改变一下你的生活了。”再根据下文提示“这是志愿者活动,所以你不会被困在一个地方。”承接上下文,G项Volunteerondifferentdaysoraskfordifferenttaskstoseewhatotheropportunitiesareoutthere.(在不同的日子做志愿者,或者要求完成不同的任务,看看还有什么其他的机会。)切题。故选G。二、语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A,B,C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Abeautifulindoorpottedplanthasbeenwithusforalongtime.Ithas____21____usthroughtoughyears
andgoodtimes.SomedaysIthoughtitmightliveforever,butit____22____.Theplantdidwellforabouttwentyyears,butthenbeganto____23____.Wewateredit.Wefedit.We____24____talkedtoit.Butleavesandbranchesbecamelowereachday.Wefinallypickedafewhalf-deadbranchesand____25____theminasmallpot.Onenewsmallplantgrewstrongandhealthy.Butthe____26____finallydied.Whenwe____27____itout,wecouldseewhyits____28____hadgrownsomassive(大量的;巨大的)thattheythreatenedto____29____thesidesofthepotthatheldthemin.People,too,often_____30_____theyhaveoutgrowntheirenvironment,whentheyarecommittedtopersonalgrowthanddevelopmentandwhentheymakethekindsof_____31_____intheirlivesthatleadtogreaterachievementandhappiness.Iknowofamanwhowasofferedajobatasalary_____32_____thanhehadevermadeinhislife.Butaftercareful_____33_____,herefusedtheposition.Hiswould-beemployerwasamazedthathe_____34_____theoffer.“What’sthematter?”heasked.“Isn’tthesalarybigenough?”“Thesalaryisfine,”themansaid.“It’sthejobthat,snotbigenough.”Atonetimehecouldhave_____35_____donetheworkandenjoyedthemoney.Butheknewthejobwouldnot_____36_____himandheldeventuallybecome_____37_____.Hehadoutgrownthejobthatwasoffered.Personaldevelopmentneedsachanging_____38_____inwhichtolive.Peopleseekbiggerchallenges.Theirviews_____39_____.Theirinterestschange.Andtheyneedpeopleintheirliveswhowillmakeroomfortheir_____40_____.21.A.directedB.accompaniedC.followedD.disappointed22.A.diedB.survivedC.improvedD.developed23.A.foldB.fadeC.spreadD.delay24.A.evenB.justC.onlyD.never25.A.removedB.destroyedC.plantedD.studied26.A.similarB.familiarC.preciousD.original27.A.carriedB.gaveC.dugD.handed28.A.leavesB.branchesC.skinsD.roots29.A.moveB.burstC.rollD.jump30.A.predictB.complainC.discoverD.understand31.A.changesB.effortsC.mistakesD.comments32.A.slowerB.fasterC.lowerD.higher33.A.imaginationB.considerationC.discussionD.persuasion
34.A.putforwardB.triedoutC.turneddownD.heldback35.A.silentlyB.secretlyC.cautiouslyD.happily36.A.challengeB.entertainC.embarrassD.frighten37.A.dissatisfiedB.disturbedC.dishonestD.disrespectful38.A.backgroundB.environmentC.methodD.atmosphere39.A.disappearB.explodeC.expandD.gather40.A.interestB.fortuneC.healthD.growth【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.A25.C26.D27.C28.D29.B30.C31.A32.D33.B34.C35.D36.A37.A38.B39.C40.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过盆栽的故事,启迪人们“个人发展需要一个不断变化的生活环境。”人们也常常发现,当他们致力于个人成长和发展时,当他们在生活中做出各种改变以获得更大的成就和更大的幸福时,他们已经超越了他们所处的环境。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:它陪伴我们度过了艰难的岁月和美好的时光。A.directed指导;B.accompanied陪伴;C.followed跟随;D.disappointed使失望。根据第1空后的throughtoughyearsandgoodtimes可知,美丽的室内盆栽陪伴我们。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:有时我以为它会永远活着,但它死了。A.died死亡;B.survived幸存;C.improved提高;D.developed发展。根据第2空前的Ithoughtitmightliveforever和but可知,室内盆栽“死了”。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这种植物生长得很好,大约有20年了,但后来开始凋谢。A.fold折叠;B.fade凋谢,褪色;C.spread传播;D.delay拖延。根据第2空后的SomedaysIthoughtitmightliveforever,butit died .可知,此处指花在死之前开始“凋谢”。故选B。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:我们甚至和它交谈过。A.even甚至;B.just只是;C.only仅仅;D.never从来没有。根据第4空后的talkedtoit可知,“甚至”和盆栽谈话。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们最后摘了几根半死的树枝,把它们种植到一个小花盆里。A.removed去掉,转移;B.destroyed破坏,摧毁;C.planted种植;D.studied学习。根据第5空前后的pickedafewhalf-dead
branches和theminasmallpot可知,把树枝“种植”在花盆里。故选C。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但原来的最终还是死了。A.similar相似的;B.familiar熟悉的;C.precious珍贵的;D.original原始的,新颖的。根据第1句Abeautifulindoorpottedplanthasbeenwithusforalongtime和finallydied可知,“原来要死的盆栽”植物死了。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我们把它挖出来的时候,我们可以看到为什么它的根长得如此之大,以至于它们几乎要把把它们夹在里面的花盆的边缘都撑破了。A.carried搬运;B.gave给;C.dug挖;D.handed递给。根据下文wecouldseewhyits8 hadgrownsomassive(大量的;巨大的)thattheythreatenedto 9 thesidesofthepotthatheldthemin.此处指把死的植物“挖出来”,故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我们把它挖出来的时候,我们可以看到为什么它的根长得如此之大,以至于它们几乎要把支撑着它们的花盆边缘都撑破了。A.leaves树叶;B.branches分支;C.skins皮肤;D.roots根。根据第8空后的grownsomassive以及常识可知,挖出来的一定是植物的根。所以这里指植物的“根”是如此的大。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我们把它挖出来的时候,我们可以看到为什么它的根长得如此之大,以至于它们几乎要把支撑着它们的花盆边缘都撑破了。A.move移动;B.burst爆裂;C.roll滚动;D.jump跳跃。根据第9空前的grownsomassive(大量的;巨大的)thattheythreatened可知,根把花盆的边“撑破”。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:人们也常常发现,当他们致力于个人成长和发展时,当他们在生活中做出各种改变以获得更大的成就和更大的幸福时,他们已经超越了他们所处的环境。A.predict预测;B.complain抱怨;C.discover发现;D.understand明白,理解。根据第10空后的theyhaveoutgrowntheirenvironment可知,这是指人们的“发现”。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:人们也常常发现,当他们致力于个人成长和发展时,当他们在生活中做出各种改变以获得更大的成就和更大的幸福时,他们已经超越了他们所处的环境。A.changes变化;B.efforts努力;C.mistakes错误;D.comments评论。根据下文Personaldevelopmentneedsachanging此处指各种“变化”。故选A。【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我认识一个人,他得到了一份薪水比他一生中所得到的都要高的工作。A.slower更慢的;B.faster更快的;C.lower更低的;D.higher更高的。根据第14空后的“Isn’tthesalarybigenough?”可知,此处指薪水“高的”工作。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:但是经过仔细考虑,他拒绝了这个职位。A.imagination想象;B.consideration考虑;C.discussion谈论;D.persuasion说服。根据第13空前后的内容careful和herefusedtheposition可知,经过仔细“考虑”拒绝了这个职位。故选B。【34题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意:他的潜在雇主对他拒绝这份工作感到惊讶。A.putforward提出;B.triedout尝试;C.turneddown拒绝,调低;D.heldback抑制,隐瞒。根据上文herefusedtheposition可知,潜在雇主对“拒绝”感到惊讶。故选C。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:他曾经可以愉快地工作,享受这笔钱。A.silently沉默地;B.secretly秘密地;C.cautiously谨慎地;D.happily高兴地。根据第15空后的donetheworkandenjoyedthemoney可知,此处指“高兴地”工作。故选D。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:但他知道这份工作不会对他构成挑战,所以他最终变得不满意。A.challenge挑战;B.entertain娱乐;C.embarrass使尴尬;D.frighten使害怕。此处指工作对他不构成“挑战”。故选A。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:但他知道这份工作不会对他构成挑战,所以他最终变得不满意。A.dissatisfied不满意的;B.disturbed扰乱的;C.dishonest不诚实的;D.disrespectful无礼的。根据前文可知,他知道这份工作不会对他构成挑战,所以最终他对这份工作“不满意”。故选A。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:个人发展需要一个不断变化的生活环境。A.background背景;B.environment环境;C.method方法;D.atmosphere气氛。根据上文theyhaveoutgrowntheirenvironment.可知,此处指生活“环境”。故选B。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们的视野开阔了。A.disappear消失;B.explode爆炸;C.expand扩张;D.gather聚集。根据前文可知,个人发展需要一个不断变化的生活环境,所以他们的视野开阔了。故选C。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们的生活中需要有人为他们的成长腾出空间。A.interest兴趣;B.fortune
运气;C.health健康;D.growth成长。根据前文personalgrowth此处指他们的“成长”。故选D。【点睛】解完形填空题时,单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的,需要阅读下句或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照,即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此,在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力,捕捉关键词。本题第11小题,句意:人们也常常发现,当他们致力于个人成长和发展时,当他们在生活中做出各种改变以获得更大的成就和更大的幸福时,他们已经超越了他们所处的环境。A.changes变化;B.efforts努力;C.mistakes错误;D.comments评论。根据下文Personaldevelopmentneedsachanging此处指各种“变化”。故选A。第二节:语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。It’s6a.m.Theringis____41____(early)thanusualbecausethesmartclockscannedyourscheduleinthemorningandadjustedaccordingto____42____.Yourshowerautomaticallyturnsonandwarmstoyourpreferred103°F.Theelectriccarisready____43____(go),chargedbythesolarpanelsorwindturbinesonyourroof.Whenyougethomelater,thereisanunexpectedpackagewaitingforyou,____44____(deliver)bydrone(无人机).Youopenitandfindcoldmedicine.Itturnsoutthatthehealthsensorsinyourbathroomhavedetectedsignsofan____45____(ill)thatisapproachingandplacedanorderautomatically.SwedishresearchfirmBergInsightsays63millionAmericanhomeswill____46____(regard)as“smart”by2022,witheverythingfromInternet-connectedlightbulbs____47____camerasthatletusspyonourpetsfromtheoffice.Adecadefromnow,expertssay,we____48____(move)fromturningthelightsonandoffwithourvoicestototalimmersion(沉浸)intheInternetofThings.Thankstoadvancementsinartificialintelligence,thesmartesthomeswillbeableto____49____(true)learnabouttheirownersandeventheirneeds.Developmentsinroboticswillgiveusmachines____50____offerahelpinghandwithcleaning,cookingandmore.【答案】41.earlier42.it43.togo44.delivered45.illness46.beregarded47.to48.willmove49.truly50.that/which【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。瑞典研究公司BergInsight表示,到2022年,6300万美国家庭将被视为“智能”家庭,从联网灯泡到让我们在办公室监视宠物的摄像头,应有尽有。
【41题详解】考查比较级。句意:铃声比平时要早,因为智能时钟在早上扫描你的时间表,并根据它进行调整。根据than可知此处用比较级,故填earlier。【42题详解】考查it用法。句意:铃声比平时要早,因为智能时钟在早上扫描你的时间表,并根据它进行调整。此处用it指代前面的schedule。故填it。【43题详解】考查固定搭配。句意:电动汽车已经准备好了,由你屋顶上的太阳能电池板或风力涡轮机充电。固定搭配:bereadytodosth.“准备做某事”。故填togo。【44题详解】考查过去分词做后置定语。句意:当你回家晚了,有一个意想不到的包裹等着你,由无人机送货。此处package和deliver之间是一种被动关系,是过去分词作后置定语。故填delivered。【45题详解】考查名词。句意:原来,你浴室里的健康传感器已经检测到疾病的迹象,并自动下订单。根据不定冠词an可知该空用名词形式,所给词ill是形容词,其名词形式是illness。故填illness。【46题详解】考查一般将来时态的被动语态。句意:瑞典研究公司BergInsight表示,到2022年,6300万美国家庭将被视为“智能”家庭,从联网灯泡到让我们在办公室监视宠物的摄像头,应有尽有。句子主语Americanhomes和regard之间是一种被动关系,是一般将来时态的被动语态。故填beregarded。【47题详解】考查介词。句意:瑞典研究公司BergInsight表示,到2022年,6300万美国家庭将被视为“智能”家庭,从联网灯泡到让我们在办公室监视宠物的摄像头,应有尽有。固定搭配:from…to…“从……到……”。故填to。【48题详解】考查一般将来时态。句意:专家表示,10年后,我们将从开灯和关灯的声音转向完全沉浸在物联网中。根据Adecadefromnow可知句子用一般将来时态。故填willmove。【49题详解】考查副词。句意:由于人工智能的发展,最智能的家庭将能够真正了解他们的主人,甚至他们的需求。此处learn是动词,由副词修饰,故填truly。【50题详解】考查定语从句。句意:机器人技术的发展将为我们提供在清洁、烹饪等方面提供帮助的机器。此处machines
是先行词,指物,放在定语从句中作主语,故填that/which。三、写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节:短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatlyexercise.Adoctortellsmepeoplewholivesthelongestaredancersandcyclists.Maybeitisbecausethecombinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise.Whetheryourideabicycle,youdon’tusepetrol.Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxideandnotcauseairpollution.Justseehowcarshavebeentakenoverourcities.Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.Andthereweretrafficjams,too.Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.【答案】1.greatly→great2.lives→live3.在because后加of4.Whether→If或Whether→When5.they→you6.cause→causing7.去掉have后的been8.what→which9.were→are10.bicycle→bicycles【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者表述了骑自行车这项运动可以带来的好处。【详解】1.考查形容词。句意:我们都知道骑自行车是一项很好的运动。分析句式结构可知,需用形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故将greatly改为great。2.考查主谓一致。句意:医生告诉我,寿命最长的人是舞蹈家和骑自行车的人。分析句式结构可知,此处是关系代词who引导的定语从句,先行词people是集合名词,所以从句中谓语动词用复数形式。故将
lives改为live。3.考查介词。句意:也许是因为新鲜空气、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。分析句式结构可知,because表示“因为”,后面接从句,短语becauseof表示“因为”,后面接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,thecombinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。4.考查状语从句连接词。句意:当你骑自行车的时候/如果你骑自行车,你是不用汽油的。分析句意可知,该句是一个时间状语从句或条件状语从句,需用if或when引导;位于句首,注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If或改为When。5.考查代词。句意:所以你不会制造出二氧化碳,也不会造成空气污染。根据前一句中的人称you可知,这里假设“你”骑自行车,前后人称应保持一致。故将they改为you。6.考查非谓语动词。句意:所以你不会制造出二氧化碳,也不会造成空气污染。本句时态为现在进行时,连词and连接两个并列的现在分词,构成进行时。故将cause改为causing。7.考查语态。句意:看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。分析句式结构可知,主语cars与动词takeover之间是主谓关系,应用主动语态。故去掉have后的been。8.考查定语从句引导词。句意:它们经常高速行驶,这可能会危及我们的生命。分析句子结构可知,逗号后是非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面的一句话,在从句中做主语,应用which引导。故将what改为which。9.考查时态。句意:还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知,本句应用一般现在时。故将were改为are。10.考查名词。句意:如果用自行车代替汽车,我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词,由句中的cars和句意可知,此处应用复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。【点睛】第二节:书面表达(满分25分)52.假定你是李华,即将参加你校举行的英语演讲比赛。命题演讲环节要求你介绍一道中国美食。请你写一篇演讲稿。内容包括:1.菜品介绍;2.制作过程。注意:1.写作词数应为100左右;2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Distinguishedguests,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】Distinguishedguests,I’mLiHua.It’smygreathonortointroduceafamousChinesecuisinetoyou,dumplings.Asasimplebuttastyfood,dumplingsenjoydramaticpopularityinChina,demonstratingtheessenceofChinesecuisines.Moreover,presentedinmostfestivesituations,dumplingshavebecomeasymboloffamilyreunion.Tomakedumplings,doughisfirstlyneededtowrapdeliciousstuffing.Then,themoon-shapeddumplingsarereadytobeboiled,steamed,orfried,whichareoftenservedwithvinegar.Ifyouareafoodenthusiastic,Chinesedumplingsarewellworthatry.Thanksforyourattention.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华,即将参加你校举行的英语演讲比赛。命题演讲环节要求你介绍一道中国美食。请你写一篇演讲稿。【详解】1.美味的:tasty→delicious此外:moreover→furthermore准备好的:bereadyto→bepreparedto爱好者:enthusiast→fancier2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句:Asasimplebuttastyfood,dumplingsenjoydramaticpopularityinChina,demonstratingtheessenceofChinesecuisines.拓展句:Asasimplebuttastyfood,dumplingsenjoydramaticpopularityinChina,whichdemonstratestheessenceofChinesecuisines.【点睛】【高分句型1】Asasimplebuttastyfood,dumplingsenjoydramaticpopularityinChina,demonstratingtheessenceofChinesecuisines.(运用了现在分词作状语)
【高分句型2】Then,themoon-shapeddumplingsarereadytobeboiled,steamed,orfried,whichareoftenservedwithvinegar.(运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
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