安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期第一次质量检测试题（Word版附解析）

合肥一中2024届高三第一次教学质量检测卷英语考生注意：1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatiswomangoingtodothisafternoon?A.Takeanimportanttest.B.HangoutwithAlex.C.Prepareforanexam.2.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.$2.10B.$2.30.C.$2.90.3.Whatisprobablythewoman?A.Acustomer.B.Ashopassistant.C.Amanager.4.WhatdoesLilythinkofeatingrawfood?A.Harmful.B.Healthy.C.Strange.5.Whydoesthewomanmovetoanewplace?A.Forconvenience.B.Forfriendlyneighbors.C.Foraquietenvironment.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两道。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Howmuchdoestheregularmailcost?A.$15.B.$20.C.$24. 7.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobuy?A.Apackage.B.Twostamps.C.Someenvelopes.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whowillthemantalkto?A.Mrs.Collins.B.Mr.Hunter.C.MissBrown.9.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At11:00am.B.At2:00pm.C.At2:15pm.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatwillthewomanprobablyusethecarfor?A.Goingonlongtrips.B.Pickingupherkid.C.Visitingherhometown.11.Whydoesthemanknowsomuchaboutcars?A.He’sacarsalesman.B.He’sinterestedincars.C.He’saprofessionaldriver.12.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Electriccars.B.Environmentprotection.C.Advantagesofgas-poweredcars.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whathascausedthewomantoquithercurrentjob?A.Thelowsalary.B.Thelongworkinghours.C.Thejob’sdarkfuture.14.Howdidthewomanknowabouttheposition?A.Fromanewspaper.B.FromtheInternet.C.Fromafriend.15.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobe?A.Adirector.B.Afashioneditor.C.Anadvertisingdesigner.16.Howdoesthewomanprobablysound?A.Nervous.B.Annoyed.C.Confident.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.HowmanyAfricancountrieshasDieuveilMalongavisited?A30.B.38.C.54.18.WhathasDieuveilMalongadone?A.Hehassetupawebsite. B.Hehasofferedcookingcourses.C.HehasplantedmanyAfricanvegetables.19.WheredidDieuveilMalongastarttolearntocook?A.InFrance.B.InGermany.C.InRwanda.20.Whatcanwelearnabouttherestaurant?A.ItisdevotedtotrainingmoreAfricanchefs.B.ItpromotestraditionalAfricancookingmethods.C.Itisnotcheapatalleventohaveanaveragemealthere.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGenerationsofcreatorshaveimprovedourliveswitheverythingthattouchesoffourimagination.Herearesomeofthebrilliantinventors.EllenSwallowRichards(1842—1911)Afterearningabachelor’sdegreefromVassarCollegein1870,Richardswasacceptedasa“specialstudent”atall-maleMIT,becomingthefirstwomanintheUnitedStatestoattendascienceschool.SheconductedahugesurveyofwaterqualityinMassachusetts,aneffortthatledtothefirststatewater-qualitystandardsinUS.GregorMendel(1822—1884)Inthemid-1800s,heexperimentedwithpeaplantstodeterminehowphysicalfeaturespassfromonegenerationtothenext.Theexperimentsestablishedthebasicrulesneededtocross-breed(杂交繁殖)plantstocreateanewvarietywithdesiredcharacteristics.RayKroc(1902—1984)AsthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants,KrocchangedthewayAmericanseat.In1954,KrocwassellingindustrialmixersandvisitedtheCaliforniarestaurantoftwoofhisbestcustomers,MauriceandRichardMcDonald.Krocwasimpressedbythemethodsthebrothersusedtomaketheirhamburgers,cheeseburgers,Frenchfries,andmilkshakes.Kroc,anIllinoisnative,talkedtheMcDonaldsintoallowinghimtocreateagroupofdrive-inhamburgerrestaurantsusingtheirmethodsandname.ThefirstofhisrestaurantsopenedinDesPlaines,Illinois,onApril15,1955.JaneJacobs(1916—2006) Jacobswasnotaformallytrainedurbanplanneranddidn’thaveacollegedegree,butherintelligentviewsoncommunityplanningchangedthewayAmericansthoughtaboutcities.Inher1961book,DeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities,Jacobsadvocatedhuman-friendlyneighborhoodsfeaturingshortcityblocksandmixed-usebuildingsthatencouragedresidentinteraction.Shealsostronglyopposedhigh-risedevelopmentsandexpresswaysthatcutthroughneighborhoods.1.WhatdidGregorMendeldo?A.Hefoundanewfastfoodmakingmethod.B.Hediscoveredthebasiccross-breedinglaws.C.Heestablishedthewater-qualitystandardsinUS.D.Hehelpedtoplanhuman-friendlyneighborhoods.2.WhoisthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants?A.RayKroc.B.JaneJacobs.C.RichardMcDonald.D.MauriceMcDonald.3.WhendidJaneJacobspublishDeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities?A.In2006.B.In1984.C.In1961.D.In1916.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了几个著名的发明家。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据GregorMendel(1822—1884)部分的“Theexperimentsestablishedthebasicrulesneededtocross-breed(杂交繁殖)plantstocreateanewvarietywithdesiredcharacteristics.(这些实验建立了杂交植物所需的基本规则，以创造出具有所需特征的新品种)”可知，孟德尔发现了杂交繁殖的基本规律，故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据RayKroc(1902—1984)部分的“AsthefounderofMcDonald’srestaurants,KrocchangedthewayAmericanseat.(作为麦当劳餐厅的创始人，克罗克改变了美国人的饮食方式)”可知，雷·克罗克是麦当劳的创始人，故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据JaneJacobs(1916—2006)部分的“Inher1961book,DeathandLifeofGreatAmericanCities,Jacobsadvocatedhuman-friendlyneighborhoodsfeaturingshortcityblocksandmixed-usebuildingsthatencouragedresidentinteraction.(在1961年出版的《美国大城市的死与生》一书中，雅各布斯倡导以短街区和混合用途建筑为特色的人性化社区，鼓励居民互动)”可知，简·雅各布斯于1916年出版了《美国大城市的死与生》一 书，故选C项。BOnJuly11,2023,scientistsselectedCrawfordLakeinCanadatorepresentthestartoftheAnthropocene,anewgeological(地质的)timeperioddominatedbyhumanbeingsinsteadoftheforceofnature.Thescientistssaidthatsediments(沉积物)atthebottomofthelakeclearlyshowtheimpactofindustrializedhumanityonEarthfromthe1950sonwards.TheAnthropoceneWorkingGroup(AWG)wassetupin2009.In2016,itconcludedthathuman-causedchangestoEarthweresogreatthatanewgeologicaltimeunitwasnecessary.TheAWGthenassessedtwelvesitesacrosstheworldascandidatesforwhatgeologistscalla“goldenspike”,theplacewherethesuddenandglobalchangesmarkingthestartofthenewgeologicaltimeperiodarebestrecordedinEarth.Afterthreeroundsofvoting,theAWGselectedCrawfordLake.“Thelakeis24metersdeepbutcoversonly6acres,”saidFrancineMcCarthy,amemberoftheAWG.“Itissospecialthatthebottomwatersandsurfacewatersdonotmix,exceptforwhatgentlysinkstothebottomandsettlesdowninsediments.Asaresult,theyallowustoseethechangesinEarthhistory.”TheAWGhaschosentheplutoniumisotopes(钚同位素)fromH-bombtestsasthekeymarkerfortheAnthropocene,astheywerespreadgloballyfrom1952butdeclinedrapidlyafterthenucleartestbaninthemid-1960s,creatingaspikeinsediments.Thereareotherimportantmarkersinthelakesediments,includingCO2fingerprintsproducedbytheburningoffossilfuelsinpowerplants.“The1950ssawthestartofasharpincreaseinindustrial,transportandeconomicactivitiesthathavehadhugeimpactsonEarth,”addedMcCarthy.“Butitisthesharpincreaseinplutoniumspecificallythatwechoseasthekeymarker.”Expertssaidthedecisionhassocialandpoliticalimportance,asitwoulddrawattentiontotherolethatindustrializedhumanityplaysinshapingEarth.TheclimatecrisisisthemostobviousimpactoftheAnthropocene,buthugelossesofwildlife,thespreadofforeignspecies,andthewidespreadpollutionoftheplanetarealsokeyfeatures.4.WhyisCrawfordLakeselectedasthe“goldenspike”?A.ItcanbestshowthesuddenandglobalchangesinEarth.B.Itisclosetothetestingsiteofthefirstnuclearbomb.C.Itcancompletelyseparateitssedimentsfromtheair.D.Itislocatedinoneofthemostindustrializedcountries.5.WhendidtheAnthropocenestart? A.In1950.B.In1952.C.In2009.D.In2016.6.WhatisconsideredasthekeymarkerfortheAnthropocene?A.Theclimatecrisis.B.Thelossesofwildlife.C.TheCO2fingerprints.D.Theplutoniumisotopes.7.WhatmightbethesignificanceoftheadoptionoftheAnthropocene?A.Itwillplayakeyroleinslowingdownindustrialization.B.Itmighthelphumanbeingstounderstandtheirimportance.C.Itwouldraisepublicawarenessofenvironmentprotection.D.Itcanencouragetheunitybetweenthepublicandpoliticians.【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。2023年7月11日，AWG决定把加拿大境内的CrawfordLake认定为“人类世”开始的地理标记。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheAWGthenassessedtwelvesitesacrosstheworldascandidatesforwhatgeologistscalla‘goldenspike’,theplacewherethesuddenandglobalchangesmarkingthestartofthenewgeologicaltimeperiodarebestrecordedinEarth.(AWG随后评估了世界各地的12个地点，作为地质学家所说的“金穗”的候选地点，在这里，地球上最能记录到标志着新地质时期开始的全球突然变化)”以及第三段中“Itissospecialthatthebottomwatersandsurfacewatersdonotmix,exceptforwhatgentlysinkstothebottomandsettlesdowninsediments.Asaresult,theyallowustoseethechangesinEarthhistory.(它是如此特殊，以至于底层水和表层水不会混合，除了那些轻轻沉入海底并沉淀在沉积物中的水。因此，它们使我们能够看到地球历史的变化)”可知，CrawfordLake被选中的原因是它最能显示地球的突然的和全球性变化。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“TheAWGhaschosentheplutoniumisotopes(钚同位素)fromH-bombtestsasthekeymarkerfortheAnthropocene,astheywerespreadgloballyfrom1952butdeclinedrapidlyafterthenucleartestbaninthemid-1960s,creatingaspikeinsediments.(AWG选择来自氢弹试验的钚同位素作为人类世的关键标志，因为它们从1952年开始在全球传播，但在20世纪60年代中期禁止核试验后迅速减少，导致沉积物激增)”可知，人类世开始于1952年。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Butitisthesharpincreaseinplutoniumspecificallythatwechoseasthekey marker.(但我们选择钚的急剧增加作为关键标志)”可知，钚同位素被认为是人类世的关键标志。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Expertssaidthedecisionhassocialandpoliticalimportance,asitwoulddrawattentiontotherolethatindustrializedhumanityplaysinshapingEarth.TheclimatecrisisisthemostobviousimpactoftheAnthropocene,buthugelossesofwildlife,thespreadofforeignspecies,andthewidespreadpollutionoftheplanetarealsokeyfeatures.(专家表示，这一决定具有社会和政治意义，因为它将引起人们对工业化人类在塑造地球方面所起作用的关注。气候危机是人类世最明显的影响，但野生动物的巨大损失、外来物种的传播和地球的广泛污染也是主要特征)”可知，采用人类世的意义在于它将提高公众的环保意识。故选C项。CThissummer,schoolsinNewYorkCityarepreparingforashiftinreadinginstruction.Insteadofreadingwholebooks,theyplantofocusonexcerpts(节选).Andit’snotjustforlowergrades,butforhighschoolsaswell.WhileitmaysoundalarmingforthepublicinNewYorkCity,theshifttoexcerptshasbeengoingonformorethantwentyyearssincetheBigStandardizedTestwasadoptedasameansofmeasuringstudentachievementinreading.Ofcourse,todiginandreflectontheideascontainedinawholebookandtodiscusswithfellowreadersshouldbeamajorpartofeverystudent’seducation.Butthebasicmodelofthemostimportanttestingwe’vebeensubjectingstudentstoforthepasttwenty-someyearsisthis:1)Readashortexcerptofabookthatyouareseeingforthefirsttime.2)Answersomemultiplechoicequestionsaboutit,anddoitbyyourselfandrightnow.Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmostcloselylooklikethetestitself.AndsoastheBigStandardizedTestshavespread,publishershavecrankedoutvarietiesofcoachingworkbooksthatareallcollectionsofshortexcerptsaccompaniedbyasetofmultiplechoicequestions.Insteadofteachingstudentshowtoreadawholebook,weteachthemhowtotakeastandardizedtest.Therearecertainlyotherforcesthatpushteachersinthedirectionofexcerptsovercompletebooks.Sincethereareonly180daysintheyear,teachersalwayshavetodecidewhethertotakeafullsixmonthstoworkthroughMobyDick,ortogivestudentsjustataste.Onecanevenpointthefingeratacultureinwhichwejustreadheadlinesinsteadofarticles.Butaslongasmajortestingpushesaquickreactiontocontext-freeexcerpts,schoolswillabandonthereflective,cooperative,thoughtfuldeepdiveintoacompletebooksoonerorlater.Andthatwillbealossforstudents.8.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthenewpolicyinNewYorkCity? A.Unsurprised.B.Relieved.C.Unconcerned.D.Excited.9.Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywantstudentstodo?A.Finishtheirhomeworkimmediatelyafterschool.B.Readwholebookstogetherwiththeirclassmates.C.Buyworkbooksthatarecloselybasedonthetestitself.D.Domorestandardizedreadingcomprehensionexercises.10.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethephrase“crankedout”inparagraph4?A.chargedB.canceledC.changedD.produced11.Whatshouldbeblamedmainlyfortheshifttoexcerptsoverbooks?A.Thelimitedtime.B.Thegovernmentpolicy.C.Theofficialtests.D.Theavailableworkbooks.【答案】8A9.B10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了今年秋季入学后，纽约市的中小学将正式改变传统的阅读整本书的教学方法，转而选读个别章节，其主要原因是考试导向。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“WhileitmaysoundalarmingforthepublicinNewYorkCity,theshifttoexcerptshasbeengoingonformorethantwentyyearssincetheBigStandardizedTestwasadoptedasameansofmeasuringstudentachievementinreading.(虽然这对纽约市的公众来说可能听起来令人担忧，但自从大标准化考试被采用作为衡量学生阅读成绩的一种手段以来，向节选的转变已经持续了20多年。)”可知，政策的转变已经持续了20多年，因此作者对这个政策并不感到惊讶。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题，根据第三段的“Ofcourse,todiginandreflectontheideascontainedinawholebookandtodiscusswithfellowreadersshouldbeamajorpartofeverystudent’seducation.(当然，深入研究和反思整本书所包含的思想，并与其他读者讨论，应该是每个学生教育的重要组成部分。)”可知，作者希望学生们能通读整本书，并和同学深入交流。故选B。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据第四段的“Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmostcloselylooklikethetestitself.AndsoastheBigStandardizedTestshavespread(如果考试已经定下来了，最好的准备方法就是安排一系列最接近考试本身的活动。因此，随着大型标准化考试的普及)”可知， 出版商为了满足学生的考试需求，会推出各种各样的指导练习册，即学生有需求，书商就会大量出版，因此crankedout与produced同义。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Butaslongasmajortestingpushesaquickreactiontocontext-freeexcerpts,schoolswillabandonthereflective,cooperative,thoughtfuldeepdiveintoacompletebooksoonerorlater.(但是，只要主要考试推动学生对与上下文无关的节选做出快速反应，学校迟早会放弃对整本书进行反思、合作和深思熟虑的深入研究。)”可知，学校转向章节阅读的主要原因还是考试导向。故选C。DInthelate1990s,ascientistnamedMarkBlumbergstoodinalabattheUniversityofIowawatchingafewsleepingnewlybornrats.Hefoundthatthebabyratskeptmakingsmall,sharpmovementsintheirsleep,andthattheirclosedeyesmovedfromsidetosideinaphenomenonknownasrapideyemovement(REM).Blumbergknewthattheratswerefine,becauseheknewpeopledothesameduringREMsleep.Andscientistshavelonghadanexplanationforthetwitches(抽动)andREM:Theyaredreamingabouttheirwakinglife.However,ashedugdeeper,hewonderedwhyadultratsspendonlyabouttwohoursofeachnightinREMsleep,whilebabyratsspendanunusualamountoftimeinREM,oftensleepingforsixteenhoursadayanddreamingforeight.“Ifdreamsarehintsofwakinglife,adultratswhohavemoreexperiencesshouldspendmoretimeinREMsleep.Whydobabyrats,whoseeyesarestillshut,spendsomuchtimeinREMsleepwhentheyhavetoolittletodreamabout?”hewondered.“Whydotheireyes,theirlegs,tailsandwhiskersmovehundredsofthousandsoftimesduringtheirsleep?”Intheend,Blumbergconcludedthatitmightbetheotherwayaround—perhapsthemovementsweresendingsignalstothebraintohelpitlearnaboutthebody.“Youwouldn’tthinkthatthebodyissomethingabrainneedstolearn,”hewroteinapaper.“Butwearen’tbornwithmapsofourbodies.Wecan’tbe,becauseourbodieschangebytheday.Butinwakinglife,wecannotmoveonlyasinglemuscle.Eventhesimplestactofswallowing(吞咽)employsmorethanthirtypairsofnervesandmusclesworkingtogether.Oursmallandsharpmovementsinsleep,bycontrast,areexactandprecise:Theyinvolvemusclesoneatatime.Inotherwords,suchmovementsallowthemusclesandnervestoformone-to-oneconnectionsthatotherwisewouldbeimpossible.It’saprocessthat’smostimportantforthebraintolearnaboutthebodyaswegrow,sufferinjuriesandlearnnewskills.12.WhatwasthepreviousexplanationforREM?A.Itwasjustanoutwardsignofdreams. B.Itshowedthedifficultyinsleeping.C.Itwasanindicatorofterribledreams.D.Itonlyoccuredtosleepingbabyrats.13.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph2?A.BabyratshavetospendallnightinREMsleep.B.REMsleepjustaccountsforpartofthesleepingtime.C.Itisunnecessaryforbabyratstosleep16hoursaday.D.ItisnotenoughforadultstohavetwohoursofREMsleep.14.WhatisafeatureofthemovementsinREMsleepaccordingtoMarkBlumberg?A.Theyteachthebrainnewskillsandhealinjuries.B.Muscleshavetoworktogethertostartthemovements.C.Eachofthemjustinvolvesamuscleandanerveatatime.D.Theyarelessexactandprecisethanourdailymovements.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheimportanceofREMsleep.B.Thelatestdiscoveriesaboutdreaming.C.Therelationshipbetweendreamsandwakinglife.D.Adifferentexplanationforthetwitchesduringsleep.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了马克·布鲁姆伯格在二十世纪九十年代末，对动物在睡眠时的身体抽动及眼球快速转动的不同见解：这些不是做梦的表征，而是在帮助大脑了解身体的各个部位。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Andscientistshavelonghadanexplanationforthetwitches(抽动)andREM:Theyaredreamingabouttheirwakinglife.”（长期以来，科学家们对抽搐和快速眼动有一个解释：他们在做自己清醒生活的梦。）可知，之前对REM的解释是：REM是做梦的表征。故选A项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“However,ashedugdeeper,hewonderedwhyadultratsspendonlyabouttwohoursofeachnightinREMsleep,whilebabyratsspendanunusualamountoftimeinREM,oftensleepingforsixteenhoursadayanddreamingforeight.”（然而，随着研究的深入，他想知道为什么成年大鼠每晚只在快速眼动睡眠中度过大约两个小时，而幼鼠在快速眼动中度过的时间却不同寻常，通常每天睡16个小时，做梦8 个小时。）可推断，REM睡眠时间只占总睡眠时间的一部分。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Oursmallandsharpmovementsinsleep,bycontrast,areexactandprecise:Theyinvolvemusclesoneatatime.Inotherwords,suchmovementsallowthemusclesandnervestoformone-to-oneconnectionsthatotherwisewouldbeimpossible.”（相比之下，我们在睡眠中的小而尖锐的动作是准确的：它们一次涉及一块肌肉。换句话说，这样的运动可以让肌肉和神经形成一对一的连接，否则这是不可能的。）可知，这种抽动只牵涉到单一的肌肉与神经之间的链接。故选C项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Intheend,Blumbergconcludedthatitmightbetheotherwayaround—perhapsthemovementsweresendingsignalstothebraintohelpitlearnaboutthebody.”（最后，布鲁姆伯格得出结论，情况可能恰恰相反——也许这些动作向大脑发送信号，帮助它了解身体。）可知，本文主要是介绍了马克·布鲁姆伯格在二十世纪九十年代末，对动物在睡眠时的身体抽动及眼球快速转动的不同见解。D项“睡眠中抽搐的另一种解释”符合文意。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Smalltalksaretheshortconversationswehaveatparties,atfamilyeventsoratwork.Thesesmalltalkscanopendoorsthatleadtolarger,moremeaningfulconversations.____16____.Herearesometipsforthemtoimprovetheirsmall-talkingability.Havesomeconversationstartersready.Ifyouhaveseenareallygoodmovieorhavereadareallygoodbook,youcantalkaboutthat.Youcanalsotalkaboutsomethingthatbothofyouareinterestedin.____17____,itwillbeaverygoodconversationstarter.Oryousimplynoticeandcommentonwhat’sgoingonaroundyou.Ifyouareatapartyandasongcomesonthatyoulikeorthatremindsyouofsomething,youcantalkaboutthat.____18____.Nobodyknowseverything.So,ifsomeonebringsupsomethingaboutwhichyouknownothing,justtellthem!Thisletstheotherpersonbecometheteacher.Theyfeelgoodaboutsharingtheirknowledgeandyougettolearnsomething.It’sawin-winsituation.Askopen-endedquestions.____19____.Ifyouaskquestionsthatneedmoredetailstoanswer,theconversationwillgoonlonger.Forexample,ifyouareatasummerpoolparty,don’taskapersoniftheylikesummer.____20____.A.BecomeastudentB.BeaknowledgeablepersonC.Ifyoucanreachanagreementbeneficialtobothofyou D.However,manypeoplearenotgoodatsuchrandomchatsE.Instead,askthemwhattheylikeordislikeaboutsummerF.Thesetypesofquestionsrequiremorethanasingle-wordanswerG.Forexample,ifyouhavethesamehobbyorexperiencewithsomeone【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.F20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了闲聊的重要性以及闲聊的一些建议。【16题详解】上文“Thesesmalltalkscanopendoorsthatleadtolarger,moremeaningfulconversations.(这些小谈话可以打开通往更大、更有意义的对话的大门。)”说明小谈话有很多好处，与选项D“然而，许多人不擅长这种随意聊天”构成转折关系，同时引出下文“Herearesometipsforthemtoimprovetheirsmall-talkingability.(这里有一些建议可以帮助他们提高闲聊的能力。)”，D项符合题意。故选D项。【17题详解】下文“itwillbeaverygoodconversationstarter.(它是一个很好的谈话开始。)”说明它是一个很好的谈话开始的前提是双方有共同的话题。选项G“例如，如果你和某人有相同的爱好或经历”引出下文，是下文内容的条件。故选G项。【18题详解】下文“Nobodyknowseverything.So,ifsomeonebringsupsomethingaboutwhichyouknownothing,justtellthem!Thisletstheotherpersonbecometheteacher.(没有人知道一切。所以，如果有人提出了一些你一无所知的事情，就告诉他们吧！这让对方成为老师。)”说明如果自己有不知道的事情，让对方成为老师，自己就变成一名学生。选项A“成为一名学生”引出下文，是对下文的概括，为本段的主题句。故选A项。19题详解】上文“Askopen-endedquestions.(问开放式的问题。)”说明提出开放性的问题，这种问题的答案不止一个词，选项F“这些类型的问题需要的答案不止一个词”呼应上文开放性问题，是对上文的进一步解释。故选F项。【20题详解】上文“Askopen-endedquestions.(问开放式的问题。)”以及“Forexample,ifyouareatasummerpoolparty,don’taskapersoniftheylikesummer.(例如，如果你在一个夏季泳池派对上，不要问一个人是否喜欢夏天。)”说明在夏季泳池派对上，不要问别人是否喜欢夏天这样的问题，而是要问开放性的问题。选项E“而是问他们喜欢或不喜欢夏天的什么”呼应上文，是对上文的进一步补充。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Thisweek,IwillhikealongtheAppalachianTrailalonetolookforwhatcanbehardtofindinthecity:solitude.Inthe____21____,Icanfindplacestobealone,butitismuchhardertofindtruesolitude.The____22____betweencitiesandmountainsisthesecretIfindthatthe____23____comforts.Formanypeople,theideaofbeingaloneinmountainscanbe____24____.It’sunderstandablebecauseweare,____25____,socialanimals.Butbeinginthewildwithoutothersdoesn’tmeanbeing____26____.Infact,itcanbequitethe____27____.Lifeistherealready.Therearethebirdcallsintheairandfrogscrossingthetrail.Andthereismore.Whenyoucometoa(n)____28____wherethesunlightmakesittotheforestfloor,youcansometimescatchahintofsomething.Idon’tknowwhattocallit.Words____29____.Butitfeelssomethinglikearootora(n)______30______songoftheworld’sownpresence.Ifthatmomentisjustbetweenyouandthewildworld,thenyouare______31______indeed.Thatiswhenyoucan______32______whatHenryDavidThoreaumeantwhenhesaid,“Ineverfoundthe______33______thatwassocompanionableassolitude.”So,asthegreatJohnMuir______34______it:“KeepclosetoNature’sheartonceinawhile,andclimbamountainorspendaweekinthewildtowashyour______35______clean.”21.A.mountainB.cityC.airD.sea22.A.connectionB.agreementC.differenceD.argument23.A.foodB.friendshipC.musicD.wilderness24.A.discomfortingB.amusingC.relaxingD.exciting25.A.bychoiceB.byaccidentC.bynatureD.bymistake26.A.happyB.aloneC.patientD.brave27.A.oppositeB.falseC.beautifulD.same28.A.apartmentB.officeC.farmD.clearing29.A.failB.spreadC.matterD.win30.A.sweetB.unvoicedC.popularD.odd31.A.angryB.sadC.luckyD.frightened32.A.refuseB.forgetC.forgiveD.understand33.A.pondB.companionC.hunterD.rain34.A.putB.deniedC.acceptedD.assessed35.A.landB.bodyC.recordD.spirit 【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.C26.B27.A28.D29.A30.B31.C32.D33.B34.A35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者到大山里徒步旅行，寻找城市里难以找到的独处，并体会到了它的独特之处。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在城市里，我可以找到独处的地方，但要找到真正的孤独要难得多。A.mountain山；B.city城市；C.air空气；D.sea大海。根据上文“Thisweek,IwillhikealongtheAppalachianTrailalonetolookforwhatcanbehardtofindinthecity:solitude(本周，我将独自沿着阿巴拉契亚小道徒步旅行，寻找在城市中很难找到的东西：独处)”以及下文“betweencitiesandmountains(在城市和大山之间)”可推理出空白处应填表示“城市”含义的名词，故选B项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：城市和大山之间的区别是我发现了荒野令人舒适的秘密。A.connection连接；B.agreement同意；C.difference区别；D.argument争论。根据下文“betweencitiesandmountains(在城市和大山之间)”可知此处说的是城市和大山之间的区别，故选C项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.food食物；B.friendship友谊；C.music音乐；D.wilderness荒野。根据上文“Inthecity,Icanfindplacestobealone,butitismuchhardertofindtruesolitude.(在城市里，我可以找到独处的地方，但要找到真正的孤独要难得多)”可知作者在此处要表达的是从与大山相关的事物中发现的秘密，分析四个选项，D项“wilderness荒野”表达的含义符合语境，故选D项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对许多人来说，独自一人在山上的想法可能会让人感到不安。A.discomforting令人不安的；B.amusing有趣的；C.relaxing愉快的；D.exciting令人兴奋的。根据上文“beingaloneinmountains(独自一人在山上)”可推理出空白处应填表示“令人不安的”含义的形容词，故选A项。【25题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：这是可以理解的，因为我们天生就是群居动物。A.bychoice自愿；B.byaccident偶然地；C.bynature天生地；D.bymistake错误地。根据下文“socialanimals(群居动物)”可知此处上下文说的是人的自然属性，分析四个选项，C项“bynature天生地”表达的含义符合语境，故选C项。【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在野外没有其他人并不意味着孤独。A.happy高兴的；B.alone独自的；C.patient耐心的；D.brave勇敢的。根据下文“Lifeistherealready.Therearethebirdcallsintheairandfrogscrossingthetrail.(生命已经存在。空中传来鸟叫声，青蛙穿过小径)”可知此处上下文说的是在野外还有其他的生命，并不是独自一种生命形式，故选B项。27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，情况可能恰恰相反。A.opposite相反的；B.false假的；C.beautiful漂亮的；D.same相似的。根据下文“Lifeistherealready.Therearethebirdcallsintheairandfrogscrossingthetrail.(生命已经存在。空中传来鸟叫声，青蛙穿过小径)”可知下文表达的含义与上文相反，故选A项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你来到阳光照射到森林地面的空地时，有时你会发现一些东西。A.apartment公寓；B.office办公室；C.farm农场；D.clearing林中空地。根据下文“阳光照射到森林地面”可知此处上下文说的是森林中的空地，故选D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我无以言表。A.fail无能为力；B.spread传播；C.matter有关系；D.win赢得。根据上文“Idon’tknowwhattocallit.(我不知道该怎么称呼它。)”可知此处上下文说的是作者无法用语言表达出来，故选A项。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但它感觉有点像世界自身存在的根源或无声之歌。A.sweet甜的；B.unvoiced无声的；C.popular受欢迎的；D.odd古怪的。根据上文“Whenyoucometoa(n)clearingwherethesunlightmakesittotheforestfloor,youcansometimescatchahintofsomething.(当你来到阳光照射到森林地面的空地时，有时你会发现一些东西。)”可知，此处说的是在林中空地看到了太阳照射到森林的地面时的感受，作者把这种感受比喻为一首歌，是无声的，故选B项。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果那一刻就在你和狂野世界之间，那么你真的很幸运。A.angry生气的；B.sad难过的；C.lucky幸运的；D.frightened害怕的。根据下文“whatHenryDavidThoreaumeant(亨利·戴维·梭罗所说)”可知此处上下文说的是作者认为如果你找到了那种感觉，你就体会到了亨利·戴维·梭罗在他的名言里表达的含义，所以作者认为你是幸运的，故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时你才能理解亨利·戴维·梭罗所说的“我从未找到像独处这样友好的伴侣”的意思。A.refuse拒绝；B.forget忘记；C.forgive原谅；D.understand理解。根据下文“whatHenryDavidThoreaumeantwhenhesaid(亨利·戴维·梭罗所说的)”可推理出空白处应填表示“理解”含义的动 词，故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.pond池塘；B.companion伴侣；C.hunter猎人；D.rain雨。根据下文“socompanionableassolitude(像孤独这样友好的……)”可知此处说的是亨利·戴维·梭罗把独处当做伴侣，故选B项。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，正如伟大的约翰·缪尔所说：“偶尔贴近大自然的心，爬山或在野外呆一周，把你的心灵洗干净。A.put说；B.denied否认；C.accepted接受；D.assessed评定。根据下文“KeepclosetoNature’sheartonceinawhile,andclimbamountainorspendaweekinthewildtowashyourspiritclean(偶尔贴近大自然的心，爬山或在野外呆一周，把你的心灵洗干净。)”可知，这是约翰·缪尔说的话，空白处应填表示“说”含义的动词，故选A项。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.land陆地；B.body身体；C.record记录；D.spirit心灵。根据上文“KeepclosetoNature’sheartonceinawhile,andclimbamountainorspendaweekinthewild(偶尔贴近大自然的心，爬山或在野外呆一周)”可知此处上下文说的是偶尔到野外放松身心，分析四个选项，D项“spirit心灵”表达的含义符合语境，故选D项。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。PrimeMinisterZhaoGaooftheQinDynastyhadbeenplanningtobeakingdayandnight,____36____hedidnotknowhowmanyoftheministerswouldopposehim.Sohethoughtoutagoodwaytofindoutwhoweredetermined____37____(oppose)him.Oneday,he____38____(bring)adeertothecourtand,____39____abroadsmileonhisface,saidtoEmperortheSecondoftheQinDynasty:“Here____40____(be)afinehorsethatI’mpresentingtoyou.”Lookingattheanimal,theemperorsaid:“Areyoujoking?Itisjustadeer.”Remainingcalm,ZhaoGaoinsisted:“Wouldyoupleasecomecloserandsee____41____(clearly)?Thishorsecancoverathousandmilesaday.Ifyoudonotbelieveme,asktheotherministers.”Theotherministerssawthe____42____(threaten)smileonZhaoGao’sfaceandsuddenlyunderstoodhisrealpurpose.Afewministerswithasenseofjusticeinsistedthatitwasadeer.Someministerskeptsilentbecausetotelllieswouldmakethemfeeluneasyandtotellthetruthwouldmeanthattheywouldbepunished.Butthemajorityoftheministers____43____(immediate)saidtotheemperor,“Thisisareallyamazinghorse.” After____44____event,ZhaoGaokilledallthosethatrefusedtosupporthimandpunished,by_____45_____(difference)means,thoseministerswithasenseofjustice.HeeventuallytookcontrolofthecourtandspedupthedownfalloftheQinDynasty.【答案】36.but##yet37.tooppose38.brought39with40.is41.more42.threatening43.immediately44.the45.different【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了秦朝宰相赵高指鹿为马的故事。【36题详解】考查连词。句意：秦朝宰相赵高日日夜夜都在计划着做皇帝，但是他不知道有多少大臣反对他。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填连词连接两个句子，根据空格后“hedidnotknowhowmanyoftheministerswouldopposehim”可知，此处表示转折关系，所以应用连词but或yet。故填but/yet。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所以他想出了一个好办法来找出谁决心反对他。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填非谓语动词，bedeterminedtodosth.意为“决意做某事”，为固定搭配，所以空格处应填tooppose。故填tooppose。【38题详解】考查时态。句意：有一天，他带了一只鹿到朝堂上，很开心地对秦二世说：“我要献给您一匹好马。”分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词，根据空格前“Oneday”以及空格后谓语“said”可知，此处应用一般过去式，且bring和主语he之间的关系为主动，所以应填brought。故填brought。【39题详解】考查介词。句意：有一天，他带了一只鹿到朝堂上，很开心地对秦二世说：“我要献给您一匹好马。”分析句子结构可知，空格处应填介词，withasmile表示伴随意，为“笑着”，为固定用法，所以应填with。故填with。【40题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：有一天，他带了一只鹿到朝堂上，很开心地对秦二世说：“我要献给您一匹 好马。”分析该句成分可知，这是一个倒装句，空格处应填谓语动词，且该句为直接引语，直接引用当时的话，所以应用一般现在时，主语为afinehorse,应用所给系动词的第三人称单数形式is。故填is。【41题详解】考查副词的比较级。句意：赵高很冷静地说：“您能不能走近来看的更清楚点？这匹马可以日行千里。如果您不信我说的话，可以问问其他大臣。”根据空格前“comecloserandsee”可知，空格处应用所给副词的比较级形式与空格前“comecloser”构成并列关系，所以应填moreclearly。故填moreclearly。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词，句意：其他大臣看到赵高脸上威胁的笑容，立刻明白了他的真正意图。分析该句成分可知，空格处应填形容词作定语修饰smile。所以应用threaten的形容词形式threatening表示“威胁性的”。故填threatening。【43题详解】考查副词。句意：但是大多数大臣立刻向秦二世说，“这真的是一匹神奇的马。”分析该句成分可知，空格处应填副词修饰动词said，作状语，所以应填immediate的副词形式immediately。故填immediately。【44题详解】考查冠词。句意：这件事情之后，赵高杀死了所有拒绝支持他的人并用不同的方式惩罚了那些有正义感的大臣。根据句意可知，此处的event为特指，所以空格处应填定冠词the。故填the。【45题详解】考查形容词。句意：这件事情之后，赵高杀死了所有拒绝支持他的人并用不同的方式惩罚了那些有正义感的大臣。分析该句成分可知，应填形容词作means的定语，所以应填different。故填different。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你所在的城市将于下月举办旅游节。请给你的留学生好友Bob写一封电子邮件。内容包括：1.告知活动时间及内容;2.邀请参加。注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右;2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearBob,I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateintheTourismFestivalscheduledtostartnextmonthinourcity.Thefestivalwillincludeavarietyofactivitieswhereparticipantscanhavehands-onexperiencesalongthestreets.Inaddition,touristswillbetreatedwithafreeliveperformanceofPekingOpera.Theycanalsotastevariouslocalfoodsduringtheevent.IbelievethisfestivalwillsurelyenableyoutogainabetterinsightintoChineseculture.Lookingforwardtoyourparticipation!Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给留学生好友Bob写一封电子邮件,邀请他参加你所在的城市下月举办的旅游节。【详解】1.词汇积累各种各样的：avarietyof→varietiesof/various此外：inaddition→what’smore/besides使某人能够做某事：enablesb.todo→make/let/havesb.dosth参加：participatein→takepartin/joinin2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateintheTourismFestivalscheduledtostartnextmonthinourcity.拓展句：I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateintheTourismFestivalwhichisscheduledtostartnextmonthinourcity.【点睛】【高分句型1】Thefestivalwillincludeavarietyofactivitieswhereparticipantscanhavehands-onexperiencesalongthestreets.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】IbelievethisfestivalwillsurelyenableyoutogainabetterinsightintoChineseculture.（运用了省略引导词that的宾语从句）第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Livingintheshadowofmyeldersisterwhoalreadyhadherlifeplannedoutsincesheenteredmiddleschool,Iwasalwaysundecidedabouteverything. WhenIwasinhighschool,Iwouldstilltryonethingforaweekandthenabandonitinthenextweek.AlthoughIkeptsearchingforthebeginningoftherainbow,Ikeptchangingmydreamfrombecomingavettoanastronaut.Ialwaysthoughttherewouldbebetteroptionsavailabletome.Eachtime,myparentswouldshaketheirheadsandaskme,“Whycan’tyoubemorelikeyoursister?Whatareyougoingtodowithyourlife?Aren’tyouinterestedinanythingatall?”Eachtime,Iwouldshrug(耸)myshouldersandmyparentsusuallystoppedtalking,atleastforthemoment.Iwasnotsureiftheyhadgivenuporanticipatedthesamedullreply,“Icouldn’tanswerallofyourquestionsrightnow.”Iknewmyparents,justlikeotherparents,hadhighexpectationofmeandthattheyreallywantedmetoachievesuccess.Ialsoknewthatmyargumentsweretoochildish.“Yourgradesaren’thighenough.Nogoodcollegesaregoingtoacceptyou,dear.Wedon’twanttopaysomuchmoneyfornothing,either,”mymothersaidonedaybytheendofmysecondyearinhighschool.“Certainly,Iwillgotoagoodcollege,”IrepliedwithasmuchconfidenceasIcouldsummon.“Nomatterwhatyousay.”Aftertheargumentwithmymother,Iknewitwasacrucialyearathighschool.Ihadtotakeactionnow.So,duringthesummervacation,nolongerdidIsitbackandletmyparentsmistakemeforabadboy.Instead,IstartedtoreviewalltheknowledgeIhadlearnedanddiditwithallmyheart.Ialsoturnedtomysisterforhelpwhenevernecessary.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Afewdaysafterthecollegeentranceexamination,Ireceivedacallfrommyteacher._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Havingtakentheletterfrommyteacher,Itriedtoopenit.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Onepossibleversion:Afewdaysafterthecollegeentranceexamination,Ireceivedacallfrommyteacher.HetoldmehereceivedastrangeletterfromafamousuniversityinShanghai.Hesaidthattheenvelopewasverydifferentandthatitseemedtocontainapostcard.Heurgedmetogotohisofficeimmediately.ButIhesitatedforalongtime,wonderingwhetheritwasarejectionoranacceptanceletter.Finally,Iaskedmymothertogowithme.Havingtakentheletterfrommyteacher,Itriedtoopenit.Butmyhandskeptshakingsoviolentlythatitdroppedtothefloor.Mymotherpickeditupandopeneditverycarefully.Outoftheenvelopecameabeautifulcardwiththewords“Youareadmittedto...”inboldgoldenletters.Asamatteroffact,itwasbeyondmywildestdreamandIdoubtedwhetherIwasdreaming.ThenIwasdrawnbacktorealitybymyteacher’sandmymother’scongratulations.【解析】【导语】本篇读后续写以人物成长为线索展开，讲述了作者一直处在姐姐的阴影下，她从小就计划好人生并按部就班，作者则一直摇摆不够坚定，父母对此很是焦虑。在与母亲的一次争吵过后，作者下定决心努力学习。时下终于到了高考要出结果的时候。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“入学考试几天后，我接到老师的电话。”可知，第一段可描写作者得到老师通知去学校取通知书以及作者拿到通知书前的心理感受。②由第二段首句内容“从老师手里接过信封，我试着打开它。”可知，第二段可描写作者打开信封看到录取通知书的过程和心情。2.续写线索：接电话——去学校拿通知书——打开信封——看到录取通知书——作者和家人的反应3.词汇激活：行为类①包含：contain/include②打开：open/unfold③拒绝：rejection/refusal情绪类①犹豫：hesitate/waver②感谢：saygratefully/saythankfully【点睛】【高分句型1】ButIhesitatedforalongtime,wonderingwhetheritwasarejectionoranacceptanceletter.（运用了现在分词作状语和whether引导的宾语从句）【高分句型2】Butmyhandskeptshakingsoviolentlythatitdroppedtothefloor.（运用了so…that结构引导 的结果状语从句）听力答案：1～5CABCA6～10ABCAB11～15BACAB16～20CBABC