广东省广雅中学2022-2023学年高二英语上学期期中考试试题(Word版附解析)
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2022-2023学年上学期广雅高二级期中测试试卷英语本试卷共11页,满分150分,考试用时120分钟。注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号等信息填写在答题卡上并用2B铅笔填涂相应位置。2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的平整,请勿折叠。一、听力部分(共两节,满分15分)第一节听力理解(4段共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第1段材料,回答第1-2题。1.Whichprogramcancallpeople’stelephonenumbers?A.Zoom.B.Facebook.C.Skype.2.Whydoesthemanusethefreeversion?A.It’slessexpensive.B.It’sperfectforhisneeds.C.It’sabetterdealforprofessionals.听第2段材料,回答第3-4题。3.Whatdoesthemankeepdoing?A.Liftingweights.B.Tellingthewomantotakeabreak.C.Addingmoreexercisetothewoman.4.Whatdoesthewomanprobablythinkabouttheexercise?A.It’suseless.B.It’stooexciting.C.It’sverydifficult.听第3段材料,回答第5-7题。5.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.6.Howisthewomanfeeling?
A.Pleased.B.Anxious.C.Confident.7.Whichdepartmentdoesthewomanprobablyworkin?A.Supportservices.B.Technology.C.Marketing.听第4段材料,回答第8-10题。8.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Fightingfires.B.Detectingfires.C.Usingfires.9.HowmanyfiresdidCaliforniahavein2020?A.About400.B.Around50.C.Over8,600.10.Whatsizeoffirecanthenewsatellitesdiscover?A.Sizeofaplane.B.Sizeofacar.C.Sizeofasportsfield.第二节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面一段独白,请根据题目要求,从所听到的内容中获取必要的信息,填入答题卡标号为11-15的空格中。听录音前,你将有10秒钟的阅题时间。录音读两遍。你将有60秒钟的作答时间。Chinese“FanCircles”CultureMembersMostlygirlsandyoungwomenNumber8percentofthecountry’s________netizensundertheageof18SupportingIthasplayedakeyroleindrivingthe________.Itmeetsteenagers’psychologicalneedsfor________andself-realization.OpposingSomebehaviorsshouldbestopped.Examples:somedevotedfansreportedlystoletheirparents’________tobuyproductsfavoredbytheiridols,orraisedmoneyforvotes.Somefansusedbadlanguageorfalseclaimstoinsultothercelebrities.MeasuresSinaWeibohasdecided________itsrankinglist,whichisestablishedtoshowhowpopularandinfluentialastarwas.二、语法单选(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)1.–Tom,youarelateforschoolagain!–Iamsorry,butyoucannotimagine_________difficultyIhad_________upthismorning.A.which;gettingB.which;gotC.what;gettingD.what;got【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句和动名词。句意:—汤姆,你又迟到了!—对不起,但是你不能想
象我今天早上起床有多么困难。分析句子可知,从句是宾语从句,从句中缺定语,根据句意引导词用what;短语havedifficulty(in)doingsth.中in是介词,其后接动名词作宾语。故选C项。2.Afterthefire,________________wouldotherwisebeaculturalcenterisnowreducedtoapileofashes.A.thatB.itC.whatD.which【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查主语从句。句意:大火过后,原来是文化中心的地方现在变成了一堆灰烬。分析句子结构可知,此处为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,故C项正确。3.Whenwestartgazingintothenightskywithatelescope,soonwe’llbeastonishedbytherealization_________weandourworldarepartofthisgiantsystem.A.thatB.whyC.asD.whether【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句连接词。句意:当我们开始用望远镜凝视夜空时,我们会突然意识到我们和我们的世界都是这个巨大系统的一部分。分析句子结构,“weandourworldarepartofthisgiantsystem”是同位语从句,解释说明therealization;同位语从句中不缺少任何成分,句意完整,应用连词that引导从句,不作成分,无词义。故选A项。4.Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof_______itusedtocharge.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:我们之所以选择这家酒店,是因为这里一晚的价格降到20美元,是过去收费的一半。分析句子可知,介词of后跟宾语从句,在从句中作charge的宾语,表示“所……的”,要用what,故选C项。5.Thereisnodoubt_________thiscandidate’sadvantage_________hisabilitytocommunicatewithforeignersinEnglish.A.that;makesupB.whether;goesagainstC.that;liesinD.whether;leavesout【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查同位语从句的引导词和动词短语辨析。句意:毫无疑问,这位候选人的优势
在于他用英语和外国人交流的能力。分析句子结构可知第一个空格用来引导同位语从句,且在从句不作成分。that引导同位语从句时,不作成分,也没有意义。whether引导同位语从句时,不作成分,但意为“是否”。句中nodoubt意为“没有疑问”,所以后面不能加“是否”的意思,故第一个空用that。也可将“thereisnodoubtthat…”句型按固定搭配去记忆。第二个空考查动词短语辨析。A.makesup组成,编造;B.goesagainst违反;C.liesin在于;D.leavesout遗漏,不考虑。根据语境可知,候选人的优势是在于他用英语和外国人交流的能力。故选C。6.Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatmoneyflowsto________itisthatcontrolsthescarcething.A.whomB.whomeverC.whoD.whoever【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意:人们普遍认为,无论谁控制着这个稀缺的东西,资金都会流向他。根据主句谓语动词flowsto可知此处是一个宾语从句,分析可知,宾语从句使用了强调句型结构,去掉itisthat后句子缺少主语,根据句意,whoever“无论谁”引导宾语从句,作主语,whom和whomever不能作主语,who“谁”表示疑问。故选D项。7.____theflighttoBeijingwillbedelayedis____I’mespeciallyworriedabout.A.If;whatB.Whether;thatC.When;thatD.Whether;what【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:是否去北京的航班回推迟是我特别担忧的事。分析句子结构可知,第一空为主语从句,在主语从句中句子结构完整表“是否”含义,所以用whether引导;第二空为表语从句,在表语从句中缺宾语故用what。故选D。8.Theexcitingmoment________Gerrywillalwaysrememberis________heapproachestheHarborBridgeandtheOperaHouse.A.that;thatB.that;whenC.when;thatD.when;when【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:格里永总是记得的激动人心的时刻是当他接近海港大桥和歌剧院的时候。第一空为定语从句,关系词指代先行词moment并在从句中作remember的宾语,所以用that引导;第二空为表语从句,从句不缺主宾表,缺少时间状语,所以用when引导,故B项正确。【点睛】解答定语从句关键分两步,一是找准先行词,二是确定关系词在从句中所做的成
分,例如本题第一空,分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句,先行词为moment,从句中的remember缺少宾语而不缺时间状语,所以用关系代词that而不用关系副词when引导。9._______isknowntousallisthatJohnsonbrokehispromise______hewouldcometohelpmeassoonaspossible.A.It;thatB.What;thatC.As;whichD.What;which【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:我们都知道,Johnson违背了他会尽快来帮助我的诺言。分析句子结构可知,第一空为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以用what,第二空为同位语从句,从句结构完整,所以用that解释promise的内容,故B项正确。10.Thepolicemanaskedthelittleboytoremain______hewasandwaitforhisparents.A.whereB.whatC.howD.who【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查表语从句。句意:警察让小男孩留在原地等他的父母。A.where哪里;B.what什么;C.how如何;D.who谁。句中动词不定式后remain为系动词,后接表语从句,表语从句中缺少表语,表示地点。故选A。【点睛】remain是高中重点动词,高考经常出现。关于它的用法有以下几点:1.作不及物动词1)表示“剩下”、“仍有”,只能用于主动语态,不可直接接宾语。Thisvisitwillalwaysremaininmymemory.这次拜访将永远留在我的记忆当中。2)表示“留下”、“逗留”Theywent,butIremained.他们走了,但我留下来了。3)表示“尚待”、“留待”Thisproblemremainstobesolved.这个问题尚待解决。2.作系动词表示“一直保持”、“仍然(处于某种状态)”1)后接名词Inspiteoftheirquarrel,theyremainedthebestfriends.他们虽然吵过架,但仍然是最好的朋友。2)后接形容词Wemustalwaysremainmodestandcalm.我们必须经常保持谦虚、谨慎。3)后接动名词Sheremainedstandingthoughweaskedhertositdown.虽然我们请她坐下,但她还是站着。
4)后面接seat时,seat要变成seated,看成形容词形式,意思“就座的”。也就是remain+形容词的句式Pleaseremainseateduntiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.在飞机完全停稳前,请不要离开您的座位。11.Youprobablycan’tgetmuchsleepifyoulivenear___________aweddingreception___________.A.theplace;isbeingheldB.theplacewhere;hasbeenheldC.where;isbeingheldD.which;hasbeenheld【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句和动词的时态。句意:如果你住的地方离一直举办婚宴的地方较近的话,你极可能得不到足够的睡眠。第一空如果视为先行词加定语从句的话,应为a/theplacewhere;此处也可视为near的宾语从句,where在宾语从句中充当地点状语。现在进行时可表示最近一段时间一直发生的事情或持续的状态。根据句意及句子成分分析可知选C。12.Thepolicemananalysesthechiefreasons________somecyclistsandpedestrianswillgetcaughtintrafficaccidentsand________theyshoulddotopreventthem.A.when;thatB.why;howC.why;whatD.that;where【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句和宾语从句。句意:警察分析了骑自行车和步行的人陷入交通事故的主要原因以及他们应该做什么来预防。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,第一空为定语从句,先行词为reasons,从句中缺少原因状语,用why;第二空为宾语从句,连接词在从句中作do的宾语,表达“做什么”,用what。故C项正确。13.—Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.—Withsomuchwork________mymind,I’llalmost________.A.filling;breakupB.filled;breakoutC.filled;breakoffD.filling;breakdown【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词短语辨析。句意:——快点,请告诉我有关这项工程的一些意见。——对不起,我满脑子都是工作,我快垮掉了。breakup打破,结束;breakout爆发;breakoff断开,中止;breakdown分解,出故障,垮掉。第一空是“with+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语work和动词fill是主动关系,用现在分词作宾语补足语,排除B、C选项;再根据语境可知,第二空指“身体垮掉”。故选D项。
14.Thecompanyisputtingmoremoneyintothebuildingofanewfactory________thefast-growingdemandfortheproductsinthemarket.A.inresponsetoB.inreturnforC.incaseofD.inplaceof【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:公司投入更多的资金建设新工厂以应对市场对产品快速增长的需求。A.inresponseto作为对……的回应;B.inreturnfor作为回报;C.incaseof万一;D.inplaceof代替;根据下文“thefast-growingdemandfortheproductsinthemarket(市场对产品快速增长的需求)”可知,公司建设新工厂的目的是应对市场需求,故选A项。15.Wehaveawideselectionofsweatersthatissuitableforallages,and_________theteenagermarket.A.ingeneralB.inshortC.inturnD.inparticular【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意:我们有很多适合各个年龄层,特别是青少年市场的毛衣可供选择。A.ingeneral总的来说;B.inshort简而言之;C.inturn反过来;D.inparticular特别是。根据句意及所给句子可知,此处应用inparticular,强调青少年市场。故选D。三、阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAsanewly-addedOlympicsport,surfingisattractingmoreattentionthaneverbefore.HereisaselectionofthetopsurfingdestinationsacrossAmerica.DelawareCoastalDelawareoffersplentyoffunwavesalongtheshoreofseveralcutetowns.DuetothewavescrashingclosetotheshoreDeweybeachisalsoaglobalskimboardinghotspotandhappenstobetheeastcoastcapitalforthesport. Ifyou’replanningavisit,checkoutthepopular“SummerVibes”festivalforsomebeachfun.AtlanticCity,NewJerseyWhenworld-famoussurferandOlympicGoldmedalistDukeKahanamoku,oftenreferredtoas“thefatherofsurfing,”visitedthemainlandUnitedStatesintheearly1900s,herodehis
longboardoffthecoastofAtlanticCity.Thebeachesherearewideandbeautiful—andlocalscatchwavesyear-round.TheRockaways,NewYorkLocatedashortdistancefromManhattan,theRockawaysattractsnewandexperiencedsurfersfromacrosstheglobe.Besuretocomepreparedinwinterwithawetsuit,whilesummerbringsmuchwarmerwatertemperatures.Afterwards,explorethetownasthere’splentyofcafes,boutiques,andrestaurantsstepsfromthesand.CocoaBeach,FloridaSituatedabout45minutesfromOrlando,CocoaBeachisarenownedsurftownthat’shometotwooftheworld’sbestsurfers(CarolineMarksandKellySlater)andafavoriteforsurfersofalllevels.Thisfamily-friendlytownhaslotsofactivitiesforeveryone.Whenyou’renotinthewater,youcanstrolltheHistoricCocoaVillageanditsshops,cafes,andgalleries.16.WhatisthemostsuitabletimeforsurferstoenjoybeachfuninDelaware?A.January.B.August.C.October.D.December.17.WhatareyouadvisedtodointheRockaways?A.SurfwithOlympicGoldmedalists.B.Checkoutthesurfingfestivalforfun.C.Exploretheancienttownonthebeach.D.Getpreparedforthecoldwaterinwinter.18.Whichdestinationbestsuitsahousehold?A.CocoaBeach.B.TheRockaways.C.AtlanticCity.D.Delaware.【答案】16.B17.D18.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个美国顶级的冲浪地点。【16题详解】推理判断题。根据“Delaware”部分关键句“Ifyou’replanningavisit,checkoutthepopular“SummerVibes”festivalforsomebeachfun.”(如果你打算去旅游,可以去看看流行的“夏日氛围”节,享受一下海滩上的乐趣。)可知,在特拉华州的“夏日氛围”节,你可以享受海滩上的乐趣,根据节日名字可知,这是夏季举办的节日,结合选项可知,“August”(八月)属于夏季,由此可知,在特拉华州,冲浪者最适合在八月享受海滩乐趣。故选B项。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据“TheRockaways,NewYork”部分关键句“Besuretocomepreparedinwinterwithawetsuit,whilesummerbringsmuchwarmerwatertemperatures.”(冬天一定要有备而来,带着防寒衣,而夏天的水温要高得多。)可知,如果你冬天到洛威克冲浪,因为水
温较冷,要带着防寒衣,由此可知,在洛威克你被建议为冬天的冷水做好准备,带着防寒衣。故选D项。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据“CocoaBeach,Florida”部分关键句“Thisfamily-friendlytownhaslotsofactivitiesforeveryone.”(这个适合家庭的小镇有很多适合每个人的活动。)可知,可可海滩是个适合全家人一起旅行的地方,有很多适合每个人的活动,由此可知,可可海滩最适合一家人去旅行。故选A项。BBobCheekgrewuponhisparents’farminnorthernTasmaniaandbecameaprofessionalAustralianrulesfootballplayer.Whilemanyofhisfootballingpeerswentintorunningpubs,hewasmoreinterestedinfitness,andinvestedingyms“withvaryingdegreesofsuccess”.Heborrowedmoneytoputintoopeninghisfirst24-hourgyminHobart,Tasmania’scapital.“Itwasarisk.Ifithadn’tworkedout,Iprobablywouldhavelostmyhouseandeverythingelse.”Itwasastruggleatfirst,hesays,togetthelocalgovernmentofficialstoagreetoit.“Twenty-four-hourgymswereunknown.Theythoughttheyweregoingtobetheheadquartersfordrugdistributionandmurders.Theycouldn’tbelievethatpeopleweregoingtogoinatnightandtherewouldbenosupervision(监管).”ThefirstopenedinMarch2009.Itwasfarcheaperthanmostgymsandappealedtoawiderrangeofpeople,includingthosewhoworkedshiftsandwantedtoexerciseatlesscommontimes.700peoplejoinedbeforeitevenopened.HebuiltmoreinTasmania,usuallytakingoveroldvideorentalshops,whichhadgoneoutofbusiness.Cheekendedupowning37gymsacrossAustralia,withplanstomoveintosouth-eastAsia.Mostofthememberswereunder40,andhesays“itkeptmeyoung,too,beinginvolvedwithalltheseyoungerpeoplecomingin.Gymsarethenewmeetingplacesforyoungpeople.Inmyday,everyonewenttothepub;nowtheygotothegym.Itwasgreatseeingalltheseyoungpeoplegettingfitandhavingagoodtime,andolderpeopleaswell.”“Itgavemeanewleaseoflife,”hesays.“Mylifehasgotbetterasit’sgoneon:My60swereoneofthebestdecadesofmylife,andIthinkmy70sareevenbetter.Iknowhealthcanhaveabigsayinthat,butformeitwaslikeamagiccarpetride,flyingintomy60s.Ididn’tevenfeelit—IfeltlikeIwas35again—andthat’sabouthavingasenseofpurpose,buildingsomethingandhelpingpeople.Iworkedreallyhard,butIlovedit.”19.WhatwasthebarriertoCheek’sopeningofhisfirst24-hourgym?A.Lackingfund.B.Gettinggovernmentapproval.C.Makingprofits.D.Addressingsecurityissues.20.HowdidCheekkeephisrunningcostdown?A.Heemployedpart-timeworkers.B.Hehadfeweremployees.C.Hemadeuseofclosedshops.D.Hechargedmembershipfees.21.Whatmakesyoungerpeoplegotothegymnowadays?
A.Thedesiretomeetolderpeople.B.Theclosureofpubs.C.Thecuriosityaboutnovelty.D.Theshiftintheirwayoflife.22.WhatdoesrunninggymsbringCheek?A.Agreatwealth.B.Ameaningfullife.C.Avirtualworld.D.Aheavyburden.【答案】19.B20.C21.D22.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了一位澳大利亚运动员开办24小时健身馆的经历。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Itwasastruggleatfirst,hesays,togetthelocalgovernmentofficialstoagreetoit.“Twenty-four-hourgymswereunknown.Theythoughttheyweregoingtobetheheadquartersfordrugdistributionandmurders.Theycouldn’tbelievethatpeopleweregoingtogoinatnightandtherewouldbenosupervision(监管).”(他说,起初很难让当地政府官员同意。“24小时健身房是未知的。他们认为他们将成为毒品分布和谋杀的场地。他们不能相信有人要在晚上进去,而且没有监管”)”可知要开24小时健身馆起步艰难是因为很难让政府官员同意,因为他们认为里面可能会出现毒品和谋杀而且不相信晚上会有人去锻炼,所以政府可能不会批准,故开24小时健身馆最大的障碍是获得政府的批准;故选B项。【20题详解】细节理解题。跟根据文章第三段“Itwasfarcheaperthanmostgymsandappealedtoawiderrangeofpeople,includingthosewhoworkedshiftsandwantedtoexerciseatlesscommontimes.700peoplejoinedbeforeitevenopened.HebuiltmoreinTasmania,usuallytakingoveroldvideorentalshops,whichhadgoneoutofbusiness.(它比大多数健身房便宜得多,而且吸引了更广泛的人群,包括那些轮班工作的人,他们希望在不那么平常的时间锻炼。还没开张就有700人加入了。他在Tasmania建立更多的健身馆,通常是接管那些已经倒闭的老录像出租店)”可知他的健身馆比大多数的健身馆要便宜的多,因为他通常是接管哪些倒闭的的店铺,这样成本肯定比重新租赁新场所要低,故他利用倒闭的店铺来降低运营成本;故选C项。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Gymsarethenewmeetingplacesforyoungpeople.Inmyday,everyonewenttothepub;nowtheygotothegym.Itwasgreatseeingalltheseyoungpeoplegettingfitandhavingagoodtime,andolderpeopleaswell.(健身房是年轻人新的聚会场所。在我的那个年代,每个人都去酒吧;现在他们去健身房。很高兴看到所有这些年轻人变得健康并享受美好时光,还有老年人)”可知,在Cheek那个年代,年轻人去酒吧,但是现
在,他们去健身房,由此可知这是每个时代的生活方式的不同,导致年轻人的喜好发生改变,即如今年轻人热爱健身运动是因为他们的生活方式发生了转变;故选D项。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Itgavemeanewleaseoflife,”hesays.“Mylifehasgotbetterasit’sgoneon:My60swereoneofthebestdecadesofmylife,andIthinkmy70sareevenbetter.Iknowhealthcanhaveabigsayinthat,butformeitwaslikeamagiccarpetride,flyingintomy60s.Ididn’tevenfeelit—IfeltlikeIwas35again—andthat’sabouthavingasenseofpurpose,buildingsomethingandhelpingpeople.Iworkedreallyhard,butIlovedit.”(“它让我重获新生,”他说。“随着时间的推移,我的生活变得越来越好:我的60岁是我生命中最美好的十年之一,我认为我的70岁甚至更好。我知道健康在这方面有很大的发言权,但对我来说,这就像是骑魔毯一样,飞向我的60岁。我甚至没有这种感觉——我感觉自己又回到了35岁——这就是有目标感,建立某种东西和帮助别人。我工作很努力,但我很喜欢。”)”可知开健身馆让Cheek重获新生一般,让他感觉生活变得越来越好,因为他有了建立某种东西来帮助别人的目标感,他很喜欢并且工作很努力,因为他觉得这些都是很有意义的,故推知开健身馆给Cheek带来一个有意义的人生;故选B项。CAweisgenerallydefinedasthesensethatyouareinthepresenceofsomethinglargerandmoreconsequentialthanyourself.Accordingtoastudycalled“awewalks”,peoplewhotookafreshlookattheworldaroundthemduringbrief,weeklywalksfeltmoreupbeatandhopefulingeneralthanwalkerswhodidnot.Feelingasenseofawealsoseemstoupouroverallfeelingsofgladnessandimprovehealth.Previousstudieshavelinkedincreasedphysicalactivitytogreaterhappinessandreducedrisksforanxiety,depressionandothermentalillnesses.Butnostudieshadlookedintowhethermixingaweandactivitymightincreasethebenefitsofor,ontheotherhand,reducethem.So,forthenewstudy,scientistsconcentratedonpeopleintheir60s,70sand80s,anagewhensomepeoplecanfacerisksfordecliningmentalhealth.Thescientistsasked52volunteerstoaddaweekly15-minutewalktotheirnormalschedules.Allofthemwerephysicallyhealthyandpsychologicallywell-adjusted,withlittleanxietyordepression.Thentheywererandomlydividedintotwogroups.One,asacontrolgroup,wasaskedtostartwalking,preferablyoutside,butgivenfewotherrequirements.Theothergroupwasnotonlyaskedtowalkonceaweek,butalsowereinstructedinhowtocultivateaweastheywalked.“Basically,wetoldthemtotrytogoandwalksomewherenew,sincenoveltyhelpstocultivateawe,”saysVirginiaSturm,anassociateprofessorwholedthenewstudy.Bothgroupswereaskedtotakeafewselfiesduringtheirwalksanduploadthemtoalabwebsiteandalsocompleteadailyonlineassessmentoftheircurrentmood.Aftereightweeks,thescientistscomparedthegroups’responsesandphotos.Notsurprisingly,theawewalkersfelthappier,lessupsetandmoresociallyconnectedthanthecontrolgroupmembers.Thefindingsaresubjective,though,sinceawe,likeotheremotions,isdifficulttoquantify,
butDrSturmthinksawewalkscouldbeasimplethingforsmallwonderswithoutanydownside.23.Whatmakesthenewstudydifferentfromthepreviousones?A.Itconcentratedonolderpeople.B.Itfoundthesolutiontomentalhealth.C.Itassociatedphysicalexercisewithhappiness.D.Ittookbothactivityandaweintoconsideration.24.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A.OnlythecontrolgrouppracticedweeklywalksB.Thevolunteersweresufferingmentaldiseases.C.Somevolunteersweregivendirections.D.Thevolunteersweredividedbyage.25.Whyarethefindingsregardedsubjective?A.Thenumberofvolunteersissmall.B.The15-minutewalkisnotenough.C.Theaweemotionishardtomeasure.D.Nodownsideofawewalksisfound.26.WhatistheattitudeofDrSturmto“awewalks”?A.Reserved.B.Supportive.C.Indifferent.D.Critical.【答案】23.D24.C25.C26.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了将敬畏感和活动结合起来能增强人的幸福感,有利于精神健康。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Butnostudieshadlookedintowhethermixingaweandactivitymightincreasethebenefits(但是没有研究调查过是否把敬畏感和运动结合起来会提高益处)”可知,新研究不同于之前的研究的地方在于把敬畏感和活动结合起来考虑,故选D项。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theothergroupwasnotonlyaskedtowalkonceaweek,butalsowereinstructedinhowtocultivateaweastheywalked.(另一组不仅被要求每周散步一次,而且被指导在散步的时候如何培养敬畏感)”可知,有一些志愿者被给予了指导,故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thefindingsaresubjective,though,sinceawe,likeotheremotions,isdifficulttoquantify(然而这一发现是很主观的,因为敬畏感和其他的情绪一样是很难量化的)”可知,敬畏感难以测量,故选C项。【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“DrSturmthinksawewalkscouldbeasimplethingforsmallwonderswithoutanydownside.(Sturm先生认为有敬畏感的散步对于小奇迹来说可能是一件简单的事情,没有任何负面影响)”可以推理出,Sturm先生对于有敬畏感的散步持支持的态度,故选B项。DQuantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“quantum”standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimportantproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.27.HowdoestheauthorfeelsaboutJohnson’sconcerns?A.Approving.B.UnconcernedC.DoubtfulD.Excited.28.WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A.Hisdominanceinphysics.B.Thecompetitioninthefield.
C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum.D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open.B.Cool.C.Useful.D.Resistant.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IsQuantumComputingASolutiontoallChallenges?B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【答案】27.A28.C29.A30.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“量子计算真的会像它宣传的那样成功吗?”展开论述,并展示了计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒的观点。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson(但是我相信泰勒,就像我相信约翰逊一样)”可知,作者相信约翰逊,所以对约翰逊的担忧会持支持的态度,故选A项。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm‘byaverylargemargin(幅度)’tobuildinga‘useful’quantumcomputer,onethat‘solvesanimportantproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.’Headds,‘Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.’(他说,这家公司比其他任何公司都在很大程度上接近于制造出有用的量子计算机,它解决了一个有影响力的问题,否则我们无法解决这个问题。他还补充说道:“人们自然不会相信我的观点,但是我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法”)”可推知,泰勒对量子计算的乐观来自于他对PyQuantum的信心,故选C项。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“quantum”standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.(但是约翰逊表明,量子计算的某些方面使得它特别……被炒作,或许是因为量子代表了一些你可能不理解的很酷的东西)”可推出,量子计算因量子代表了很酷的东西,所以容易被人炒作,划线词的含义应为“容易……的”,与形容词open“(容易)受……的”意思相近。故选A项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文,并结合第一段“Quantum(量子)computershavebeenonmyminda
lotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.(量子计算机最近一直萦绕在我的脑海里。一位朋友一直在给我发文章,讨论量子计算机如何帮助解决我们人类面临的一些最大挑战。我还和两位量子计算专家交流过。其中一位是计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊,我认为他是一个帮助保持该领域诚实的人。另一位是物理学家菲利普·泰勒。)”、第二段中“Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.(这种炒作让约翰逊很恼火。)”和第五段中“TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.(泰勒和约翰逊一样担心炒作,但他说这些担忧并不适用于PyQuantum。)”可推知,作者通过计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒的交流,探讨了量子计算是否是炒作,探讨了它成功的可能。所以D项“WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?(量子计算会像它宣传的那样成功吗?)”是文章主题的最佳概括,适合作为标题,故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Upintheair—ahistoryofballooningThefirstkindofairtransportationwastheballoon.Peopletraveledbyballoononehundredyearsbeforetherewereplanesorjetaircraft.Thoseearlydaysofballooningwereexciting,buttheywerealsorisky.___31___However,thedangerdidnotstoptheballoonists.ThefirstrealballoonflightwasinFrancein1783.TwoFrenchbrothersmadeaballoon.___32___Hotairislighterthancoldair,soitgoesup.Thehotairballoonwentup1,000feetinthesky.___33___Theybuiltafireundertheballoontomaketheairhot.Thismadetheballoonstayupintheairforafewhours.Buttheirballoonwastiedtotheground.Soitcouldnotgoanywhere.Soonballooniststriedlongerflights.In1785,anAmericanandaFrenchmanflewovertheEnglishChannel.TheyleftEnglandonacold,clearJanuaryday.Halfwayacross,theirballoonbegantodroptowardthewater.Theythrewoutsomeequipmentandfoodtomaketheballoonlighter.Theballooncontinuedtofall,sotheythrewoutalmosteverythinginthebasket-evensomeoftheirclothes.___34___Duringthenineteenthcentury,ballooningbecameapopularsportandballoonswerealsousedbyscientiststostudytheairandbyarmiesinwartime.Aftertheairplanewasinvented,however,interestinballoonsdecreaseddramatically.Butsomepeopletodaystillliketogoupinballoons.___35___What’smore,theyhaveawonderfulviewoftheworldbelow.A.Theyfilledaverylargepaperbagwithhotair.
B.Highupintheballoonbasket,theyfindquiet.C.Sometimestheballoonsfellsuddenlyandsometimestheyburned.D.Backthen,fewpeopleunderstoodhowtheywereabletoflysofar.E.Finally,afteraboutthreehours,theylandedinFrance,coldbutsafe.F.Balloonracesanddisplaysremainpopularallovertheworldtothisveryday.G.Laterthatsameyear,twootherFrenchmenascendedinabasketunderaballoon.【答案】31.C32.A33.G34.E35.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了热气球发展的历史过程。【31题详解】空前提到:早期的热气球是令人兴奋的,但也有风险。该空承接上文,且和空后一句(危险并没有阻止气球驾驶员)构成转折关系。因此,该空应该仍然提到热气球的危险。C选项(有时气球会突然掉下来,有时会燃烧起来)符合语境。故选C。【32题详解】前一句提到:两个法国兄弟做了一个气球。该空承接上文,应该介绍两兄弟做气球的相关信息。A选项(他们在一个很大的纸袋里装满了热空气)符合语境。故选A。【33题详解】下一句提到:他们在气球下面生了一堆火,使空气变热。该空位于句首,结合空后一句中的they可知,该空继续介绍热气球的发展,且空处应该提到表示人的复数名词。结合选项,G选项(同年晚些时候,另外两名法国人乘坐一个气球下的篮子升了上去)符合语境。故选G。【34题详解】该段叙述的是1875年,一位法国人和美国人乘坐热气球横跨英吉利海峡的过程。空前提到,走到一半的时候,热气球开始下降,他们不得不将热气球上的东西扔掉。该空承接上文,E选项(最后,大约三个小时后,他们在法国着陆了,虽然很冷,但很安全)符合语境。故选E。【35题详解】空前提到:今天有些人仍然喜欢乘气球上去。空后的what’smore介绍的人们乘坐热气球的原因。该空和空后并列,应该分析这些人喜欢乘坐气球的原因。B选项(在气球篮里,他们找到了安静)符合语境。故选B。四、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ihadastudenttodaywhogothisfingerstuckinsideatesttubeinscienceclass.Itwasreally
quitestuck.Thisyoungman’sfinger____36____togetwhiterandwhiterrightbeforemyeyes.Remaining____37____,Isuggestedhecarefullyrotate(转动)thetube.Itwouldn’tmoveabit.He____38____soapandcoldwater.Stillstuck.Meanwhile____39____wasbreakingoutintheclass.Finally,I____40____theyoungmantooursecretarywhowasamiracleworkerraisingthreekidsofherown.Withherincharge,Iwas____41____allwouldbeOK.Togetthestudentsbackinorder,Isharedmyownstoryofgettingmykneestuckbetweentherailsofabalcony.Samekindofcuriosity,Iremembered____42____thenhowfarIcouldthrust(塞)mykneebetweentherails.Inchbyinch,Ikeptpushingand____43____Iknewit,mykneewasstuckand____44____beforemyeyesandinfrontoflotsof____45____atapopularLasVegashotel!Hearingmystory,manystudentsfollowedwiththeirownstoriesofheads,arms,fingersstuckinplacestheyshouldn’t____46____.Afewminuteslater,theyoungmancameback,testtubeunbrokenandfinger____47____toalovelyshadeofpink.Ijustcouldn’tgetmadatthiskid.He’sonlytwelve.Itoogotmykneeunstuck,butnotwithoutgreat____48____.Theexcuseforme,however,wasnot____49____butplainstupidity.Iwas____50____fiftyyearsoldwhenthishappened.36.A.usedB.appealedC.happenedD.continued37.A.calmB.silentC.quiteD.professional38.A.choseB.fetchedC.triedD.applied39.A.fireB.chaosC.violenceD.argument40.A.describedB.carriedC.introducedD.sent41.A.informedB.convincedC.acknowledgedD.guaranteed42.A.calculatingB.measuringC.wonderingD.imagining43.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.after44.A.hangingB.liftingC.restingD.swelling45.A.waitersB.strangersC.visitorsD.firemen46.A.beB.existC.stayD.stop47.A.pointingB.returningC.belongingD.growing48.A.encouragementB.disappointmentC.embarrassmentD.excitement49.A.ambitionB.youthC.braveryD.experiment50.A.somehowB.intotalC.afterallD.atany
rate【答案】36.D37.A38.C39.B40.D41.B42.C43.C44.D45.B46.A47.B48.C49.B50.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个学生在作者的课堂上把手指卡在了试管里,尝试多种办法都失败了,最后把他送到秘书那里,把手指拿出来了。班里一片混乱,为了稳定学生作者与同学们分享了各自被卡的经历。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这个年轻人的手指在我眼前继续变得越来越白。A.used使用;B.appealed吸引;C.happened发生;D.continued继续、持续。前文“Itwasreallyquitestuck.”可知,手指一直卡着,会继续(continue)变白。故选D。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我保持冷静,建议他小心地转动管子。A.calm冷静的;B.silent沉默的;C.quite非常;D.professional专业的。下文“Isuggestedhecarefullyrotate(转动)thetube”说明,我保持冷静(calm),故选A。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:他尝试着用肥皂和冷水。但依然卡住了。A.chose选择;B.fetched拿来;C.tried尝试;D.applied应用。根据后文“soapandcoldwater”可知,手指卡住后,尝试(try)着用肥皂和冷水,让手可以从管子中出来。故选C。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:与此同时,教室里一片混乱。A.fire火;B.chaos混乱;C.violence暴力;D.argument争论。根据后文“Togetthestudentsbackinorder”说明,教室里一片混乱(chaos)。故选B。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:最后,我把这个年轻人交给了我们的秘书,她是个了不起的人,自己养了三个孩子。A.described描述;B.carried搬运;C.introduced介绍;D.sent发送,交给。根据后文“theyoungmantooursecretary”指把这个年轻人交给了我们的秘书,故选D。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:有她负责,我相信一切都会好的。A.informed通知;B.convinced信服;C.acknowledged承认;D.guaranteed保证。根据后文“allwouldbeOK.”可知,指作者相信秘书,相信一切都会好的。故选B。【42题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意:出于同样的好奇心,我记得当我想知我的膝盖能在栏杆之间伸多远。A.calculating计算;B.measuring测量;C.wondering想知道;D.imagining想象。作者将膝盖塞进栏杆是想知道(wonder)膝盖能在栏杆之间伸多远。故选C。43题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意:一点一点地,我不停地推,在不知不觉中,我的膝盖被卡住了,在我眼前,在拉斯维加斯一家很受欢迎的酒店里当着很多陌生人的面,并肿了起来。A.until直到;B.when当……时候;C.before在……之前;D.after在……之后。根据后文“Iknewit”可知,指在作者意识到之前,故选C。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:一点一点地,我不停地推,在不知不觉中,我的膝盖被卡住了,在我眼前,在拉斯维加斯一家很受欢迎的酒店里当着很多陌生人的面,并肿了起来。A.hanging悬挂;B.lifting抬起;C.resting休息;D.swelling肿胀。前文“mykneewasstuck”说明膝盖肿了(swell)。故选D。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:一点一点地,我不停地推,在不知不觉中,我的膝盖被卡住了,在我眼前,在拉斯维加斯一家很受欢迎的酒店里当着很多陌生人的面,并肿了起来。A.waiters服务员;B.strangers陌生人;C.visitors游客;D.firemen消防员。根据后文“atapopularLasVegashotel”可知是在酒店里的陌生人前面,故选B。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:听了我的故事,许多学生也讲述了他们自己的故事,他们的头、胳膊、手指卡在了不应该出现的地方。A.be是;B.exist存在;C.stay停留;D.stop停止。根据上文“theirownstoriesofheads,arms,fingersstuckinplacestheyshouldn’t”可知,指头、胳膊、手指卡在了不应该出现的地方。故选A。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:几分钟后,这个年轻人回来了,试管完好无损,他的手指又恢复到一种可爱的粉红色。A.pointing指向;B.returning返回;C.belonging属于;D.growing增长。前文手指“getwhiterandwhiter”,但下文是“lovelypink”,所以手指是恢复到(returnto)正常,故选B。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我的膝盖拿出来了,但还是会尴尬。A.encouragement鼓励;B.disappointment失望;C.embarrassment尴尬;D.excitement激动。前文“mykneewasstuckand__10__beforemyeyesandinfrontoflotsofstrangersatapopularLasVegashotel!”说明,我尴尬(embarrassment)。故选C。【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:但是,我的借口不是年轻而是单纯的愚蠢。A.ambition
雄心;B.youth年轻;C.bravery勇敢;D.experiment实验。根据后文“Iwasafterallfiftyyearsoldwhenthishappened.”可知,此处是说我的借口不是年轻(youth)。故选B。【50题详解】考查短语辨析。句意:这件事发生的时候我毕竟已经50岁了。A.somehow不知怎么;B.intotal总共;C.afterall毕竟;D.atanyrate无论如何。下文“fiftyyearsoldwhenthishappened”说明追根究底所得的结论,结合选项,毕竟(afterall)符合语境,故选C。五、语法填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。LufrequentlyfindsitswayinChinesedishes.It____51____(origin)meantsaltedwateruseformeatthat’sboiled,andthenservedcold,andforvegetables.“Saltisthecore____52____Lu,evenmoreimportantthanspices.Spicescanaddapleasantsmellorremovesomesmells,____53____itisthesaltthatiscrucialtotheflavor,”saysCaoYu,afoodwriteratJinanUniversity.Theearliest____54____(preserve)recipesformakingLudatebacktoQiminYaoshu,anancientChineseagriculturaltextwritteninthe5thcentury.CaobelievestheLuweknowtodayemergedaroundtheMingdynasty,____55____privateagriculturalbusinessesandfoodmarketssprangupinChina.____56____(attract)customers,thesebusinessesbeganintroducingnewflavorstoLubyaddingspices.Andtheythenusedittoseasoncookedmeatsandvegetablesthat____57____(sell)coldfortakeaway.Inthe____58____(century)since,Luhasbeendiversified,takingonthecharacteristicsofeachofChina’sregionalcuisines.Forexample,inSichuanprovince,fragrantpeppercorn(干胡椒)isputintoLutoaddflavorand____59____(intense).SomeLuisevenalcoholic:ZaoLuis____60____lightonemadefromthefermentedriceremainsfrommakingChineseyellowwine.ZaoLuisusedacrosssouth-easternChinatoseasonvegetables.【答案】51.originally52.of53.but54.preserved55.when56.Toattract57.weresold58.centuries59.intensity60.a【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了卤菜的起源,发展以及它的特色。【51题详解】考查副词。句意:它最初的意思是用盐水煮肉,然后凉着吃,还有蔬菜。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰动词,需要副词。origin为名词“起源”,其副词形式为originally,意为“
最初”。故填originally。【52题详解】考查介词。句意:盐是卤菜的核心,甚至比香料更重要。thecoreof意为“……的核心”,空格处用of表所属。故填of。【53题详解】考查连词。句意:香料可以增加一种宜人的气味或去除一些气味,但盐对味道至关重要。根据空前可知,香料可以增加一种宜人的气味或去除一些气味,但是盐对味道至关重要,前后为转折关系,所以用转折连词but。故填but。【54题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:最早的制作卤菜的秘方可以追溯到《齐民要术》,这是一本写于5世纪的中国古代农业著作。分析句子结构可知,句中已经有谓语动词datebackto,所以空处需要非谓语动词作定语,recipes和preserve之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,故填preserved。【55题详解】考查定语从句。句意:曹认为,我们今天所知道的卤菜出现在明代,当时中国出现了私营农业企业和食品市场。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词theMingdynasty,先行词在定语从句中作时间状语,所以用关系副词when来引导。故填when。【56题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了吸引顾客,这些企业开始通过向卤菜添加调味品引进新口味。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词began,空格处用非谓语动词,根据语境可知,句子表示“为了吸引顾客,这些企业开始通过向卤菜添加调味品引进新口味”,空格处用不定式表目的,位于句首的单词首字母大写,故填Toattract。【57题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:然后他们用它来调味冷藏出售的熟肉和蔬菜,作为外卖。分析句子结构可知,空处为定语从句的谓语动词,熟肉和蔬菜被卖,句子用被动语态,句子描述过去的事情,时态为一般过去时,因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态,关系代词that指代先行词meatsandvegetables,“meatsandvegetables”为复数,因此空格处是weresold,故填weresold。【58题详解】考查名词的复数。句意:在此后的几个世纪里,卤菜已经变得多样化,呈现出中国各地区菜系的特点。century是可数名词,此处表示不止一个世纪,因此空格处用复数,故填centuries。【59题详解】
考查名词。句意:例如,在四川省,香喷喷的胡椒被放入卤菜中,以增加风味和浓度。根据and前面的favor可知,空处需要名词作add的并列宾语。intense为形容词“强烈的”,其名词形式为intensity,意为“浓度”,是不可数名词。故填intensity。【60题详解】考查冠词。句意:有些Lu甚至含酒精:早露是一种清淡的酒,用中国黄酒酿造的发酵大米残渣制成。根据语境可知,早露是一种清淡的酒,所以要用不定冠词表示泛指,空后的单词light为辅音音素开始的单词,要用不定冠词a。故填a。六、单词拼写(共15小题,每小题1分,共15分)请用XB1U5-XB2U1以及第3期和第5期报纸所学的单词的适当形式填空,每空只填一个单词。76-80请根据括号内的英文解释和首字母填入单词的正确形式,填入答题卡时需写出完整单词。61.Herlatestfilmhasg________(tocausesomethingtoexist)alotofexcitement.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】generated##enerated【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意:她最近的一部电影引起了很大的轰动。根据句意可知,用现在完成时。助动词has后接动词的过去分词形式。根据首字母提示及句意,故填generated。62.Itise________(vital)thatourpricesremaincompetitive.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】essential##ssential【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:至关重要的是,我们的价格仍然具有竞争力。Itisessentialthat...至关重要的是。根据首字母提示及句意,故填essential。63.Accordingtoofficials________(data),theJapaneseworklongerhoursthanworkersinmostotherindustrializedcountries.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】statistics##tatistics【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:根据官方统计,日本人的工作时间比大多数其他工业化国家的工人都要长。根据单词首字母可知应填名词statistics,作宾语。故填statistics。64.She’scarryingoutacomparativestudyofhealthininnercitiesandr________(countryside)areas.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】rural##ural【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:她正在进行一项关于内城和农村地区健康状况的比较研究。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词areas,countryside意为“农村”,由首字母提示r可知,空格处是rural,意为“农村的”,故填rural。
65.Heseemstohavereachedthep________(thehighest)ofhistenniscareer.(根据首字母单词拼写)【答案】peak##eak【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:他似乎已经达到了网球生涯的巅峰。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应填名词peak,作宾语。故填peak。81-85请根据括号内的单词填入单词同根词的正确形式。66.The________(find)ofthesurveypuzzleme—they’renotatallwhatIwouldhaveexpected.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】findings【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:调查的结果令我困惑——它们完全不是我所期望的。空格处用名词作主语,find的名词是finding,意为“结果”,由后面的they可知,空格处用复数,故填findings。67.Thecurrentstructuredoesnot________(facility)efficientworkflow.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】facilitate【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意:目前的结构不能促进高效的工作流程。作谓语,应用动词facilitate,为否定陈述句。故填facilitate。68.Whatmakesyouthinkthatyouare________(qualification)forthisjob?(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】qualified【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:是什么使你认为你能胜任这份工作?作表语,应用形容词qualified。故填qualified。69.Theorganizationhashadsixdirectors,eachwitha________(distinct)differentmanagementstyle.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】distinctive【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:这个机构有六个理事,每个理事有着独特的管理风格。分析句子结构,空白处作定语修饰后面名词managementstyle,应使用形容词形式,故填distinctive。70.Shehasalotof________(practice)experienceindealingwiththesekindsofproblems.(
所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】practical【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:她在处理这类问题方面有很多实际经验。空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词experience,practice的形容词是practical,意为“实际的”,故填practical。86-90请根据括号内的中文填入单词的正确形式。71.Knownasthe“FatheroftheGreenRevolution,”Borlaughelpedlaythegroundworkforagriculturaltechnologicaladvancesthat________(缓解)worldhunger.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】alleviated【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意:博洛格被誉为“绿色革命之父”,他帮助为缓解全球饥饿的农业技术进步奠定了基础。根据汉语提示可知应填动词alleviate,结合上文helped可知为一般过去时。故填alleviated。72.ThePresident’sspeechcoveredarangeofforeignand________(国内的)issues.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】domestic【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:总统的演讲涉及了一系列国内外问题。名词issues前用形容词修饰。根据汉语提示及句意,故填domestic。73.Supermarketshavereducedthecompetition,particularlyfor________(食品杂货).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】groceries【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意:超市已经减少了竞争,尤其是在食品杂货方面。介词for后接名词形式。名词grocery为可数名词,前无冠词,泛指,所以用复数形式。根据汉语提示及句意,故填groceries。74.Theresultsofthesestructuralchangeshavetendedtobe________(矛盾的).(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】contradictory【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:这些结构性变化的结果往往是矛盾的。根据提示可知应填形容词contradictory,作表语。故填contradictory。75.Thereappearstobe________(大量的,价值巨大的)evidenceconnectingpeople’smental
healthandtheironlinehabits.(根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】substantial【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意:似乎有大量的证据关于人们的精神健康和他们的网上行为之间有关联性。分析句子结构,空白处需填形容词作定语修饰后面名词evidence,根据汉语提示,表示“大量的,价值巨大的”含义的形容词为substantial,故填substantial。七、短语填空(共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)请用XB1U5-XB1U1以及第3期和第5期报纸所学的短语的适当形式填空,每空只填一个单词。76.Thecommittee________________________(由……组成)representativesfromboththepublicandprivatesectors.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.was②.comprised③.of【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意:该委员会由公营和私营机构的代表组成。根据提示可知短语为becomprisedof,结合语境可知为一般过去时。故填wascomprisedof。77.I’mafraidI________________________________(除了……别无选择)toaskyoutoleave.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.have②.no③.choice④.but【解析】【详解】考查动词固定搭配。句意:我恐怕别无选择只能让你离开。根据汉语提示,表示“除了……别无选择”含义的动词固定搭配为:havenochoicebuttodo,故填havenochoicebut。78.Theteamproved________________________________(彻底地)thattheyarethebest.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.once②.and③.for④.all【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意:这支球队一劳永逸地证明了他们是最好的。根据汉语提示可知短语为onceandforall,故填onceandforall。79.Ihavenever________________(赞同)theviewthatschooldaysarethehappiestdaysofyourlife.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.subscribed②.to【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我从来不同意学生时代是一生中最快乐的日子这一观点。根据汉语提示可知为短语subscribeto,结合上文have可知为现在完成时。故填subscribed
to。80.Sheis________________________(负责)hiringnewemployees.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.in②.charge③.of【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意:她负责招聘新员工。“负责”是固定短语inchargeof,故填in,charge,of。81.Aspokesmansaidthatbadweather________________________________(对……负责)thedelay.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.was②.to③.blame④.for【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意:一位发言人说,恶劣的天气是延误的原因。根据提示可知短语为betoblamefor,结合上文said可知为一般过去时,主语是不可数名词。故填wastoblamefor。82.Hewas________________(怀疑)givingawaygovernmentsecretstotheenemy.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①suspected②.of【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意:他被怀疑向敌人泄露政府的机密。分析句子结构,因句子中有两个空格,需使用固定短语,根据汉语提示,表示“被怀疑……”含义的固定短语为:besuspectedof,空前已有was,故填suspectedof。83Theofficialswereeagerto________________________(使我们信服)thesafetyofthenuclearreactors.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.convince②.us③.of【解析】【详解】考查短语。句意:官员们急于使我们信服核反应堆是安全的。convincesb.ofsth.使某人信服某事。beeagertodosth.急于做某事。根据汉语提示及句意,故填convinceusof。84.Itwasseveralweeksbeforehewascompletely________________(免于)pain.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.free②.of【解析】【详解】考查短语。句意:过了几个星期,他才完全摆脱了疼痛。freeof免于。根据汉语提示及句意,故填freeof。
85.Theyneedto________________________(容忍)differentpointsofview.(根据汉语提示完成句子)【答案】①.be②.tolerant③.of【解析】【详解】考查短语。句意:他们需要容忍不同的观点。betolerantof容忍。needtodosth.需要做某事。根据汉语提示及句意,故填betolerantof。八、书面表达(满分15分)86.假定你是中学生李华,某英文网站science专栏正在举办“是什么造就了伟大的科学家?”为主题的征文活动,请你写一篇英语短文向网站投稿。内容包括:1.陈述你所认为的科学家应该具备的品质,如:想象力、质疑精神、兴趣、坚持、同情心等(不少于两点);2.谈谈原因(需举例说明)。注意:1.字数约120词。2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3.标题已给出,不计入总字数。Whatshapesagreatscientist?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Whatshapesagreatscientist?Talkingaboutgreatscientists,weareoftenremindedofpeoplelikeQianXueSenorHuangXuHua.Itistruethattheyaregreat,butwhatshapesthemintheirgrowth?Actually,Istronglybelievethathobbyanddeterminationarewhatshapeagreatscientist.Asweallknow,YuanLongPingwasoneofthegreatestscientistsofourcountry.Whenhewasyounghehadadreamanddeterminedtosolvehismotherland’scropproblem.Itwasdeterminationthatcarriedhimfromacommoncitizentooneofthegreatestscientists.IfyouarefamiliarwithhimIthinkyoushouldknowthatYuanLongPingenjoyswimming,volleyballaswellasmotorcyclinginhissparetime.Itishobbiesthataddcolortohisscientificlifeandhelphimrestforawhileafteraday’shardwork.ThereforeasfarasIamconcernedhobbyanddeterminationaretwoelementsthatshapeagreatscientist.【解析】【导语】这是一篇开放作文。要求考生以李华的名义写一篇征文以“是什么造就了伟大的科学家”为主题向网站投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累经常:often→frequently决心做某事:determinetodosth.→bedeterminedtodosth./makeupone’smindtodosth.解决:solve→settle空闲的:spare→free2.句式拓展同义句原句:Asweallknow,YuanLongPingwasoneofthegreatestscientistsofourcountry.拓展句:WhatweallknowisthatYuanLongPingwasoneofthegreatestscientistsofourcountry.【点睛】【高分句型1】Talkingaboutgreatscientists,wewereoftenremindedofpeoplelikeQianXueSenorHuangXuHua.(使用了被动语态)
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