山东省百校2022-2023学年高三英语上学期10月联考试题（Word版附解析）

山东省高三十月百校联考英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Helptheman.B.Takeabus.C.Getacamera.2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Nurseandpatient.C.Bossandemployee.3.Whattimeisitnow?A.10:12.B.10:20.C.10:32.4.Whatarethespeakersmostprobablytalkingabout?A.Abook.B.Afilm.C.Anactor.5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Intheclassroom.B.Inthelibrary.C.Inthedormitory.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项 中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wherewillthewomango?A.Totheschool.B.Toheroffice.C.Totheairport.7.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Takecareofababy.B.Meetherboss.C.Lookforsometoys.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.WhydoesDianasaysorrytoPeter?A.Sheneedstoputoffhertest.B.Shewantstovisitanothercity.C.Shehastogiveuphertravelplan.9.WhatdoesDianawantPetertodo?A.Takeabooktoherfriend.B.Helpherwithherstudy.C.Teachageographylesson.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.HowdoesJoannafeel?A.Happy.B.Tired.C.Anxious.11.WhydoesJoannawanttomakebreakfast?A.Topractisecooking.B.Topaybackhermum.C.Tolookafterhersickmum.12.WhatcanweknowaboutJoanna?A.Shehasgotmarried.B.Shecangetupearlyeveryday.C.Shelovesherfathermorethanhermother.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatistheman?A.Ateacher.B.Adoctor.C.Ahost.14.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout? A.Howtospendmoney.B.Howtosavemoney.C.Howtobeagoodhousewife.15.Wheredoesthewomanlikeshopping?A.Inoutdoormarkets.B.Insupermarkets.C.Indepartmentstores.16.Whatdoesthewomanhighlyrecommend?A.Fixingthingsbyourselves.B.HiringsomeonetorepairthingsC.Askingfriendstohelpwiththerepairs.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whichschoolistheuniversitymostfamousfor?A.SocialScience.B.Law.C.Medicine18.Whowillsaysomethingmoreaboutthecourses?A.Thevisitors.B.Thereceptionists.C.Thelecturers.19.Whatisrequiredfordegreecourses?A.Onegroupdiscussion.B.Alongessay.C.Informallectures.20.Whoisthespeechmostprobablyintendedfor?A.Studentsathighschool.B.Teachersathighschool.C.Teachersatuniversity.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhenitcomestobreakfastfoodsaroundtheworld,therearemanywaystoenjoythefirstmealoftheday.Learnaboutthedeliciousdiversityofourworld’sbreakfastcultures.Maybeyou’llevenfindsomeinspirationforyournextbreakfast.SwitzerlandOnweekdays,SwissfrequentlysticktoquickbutfillingbreakfastssuchasthetraditionalBircherMüesli,themixtureofoats(燕麦)withfruitandnutsthat’susuallyservedoverthickyoghurt.Butonweekends,it’stimefor Swissbrunch(早午餐).Alongwithpotatopancakes,cheesesandcoldcuts,thecenterpieceofthebrunchtableisZopf.Thiseggbreadissimilartochallahorbrioche,andservedwithhoney,butterandjam.JapanMuchofwhatyoucaneatforbreakfastinJapanwouldn’tbeoutofplaceatanyothermealoftheday.Manymorningdietsconsistofaselectionofsmallplates,eachwithafewbitesofatraditionalJapanesedish,Fish,soup,vegetablesandriceareallrepresented.AustraliaWithafocusonfreshproduce,wholegrainsandnourishingcombinations,Australianbreakfastscanrangefromtheclassicavocado(牛油果)toastonseededbreadtoricepuddingwithyoghurt,seedsandberries.GermanyInthelandofmanysausages,it’snotsurprisingthatsausagesandothermeatstakeastarringroleinthetraditionalGermanbreakfast.Thisbuffetspreadisfilledwithvariety:sausages,coldcuts,cheeses,breadandrollsaswellasfreshfruitandsoft-boiledeggs.Theabundantchoicesaremeantforsamplingandassemblingasyouplease.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutSwiss?A.Theyareusedtoeatingbrunchonworkdays.B.Theyavoideatingbreadwithhoneyandbutter.C.Theylikeeatingthickyoghurtwithoatsforsupper.D.Theyeatamealinsteadofbreakfastandlunchonweekends.2.WhatisafeatureofthebreakfastinAustralia?A.Fatty.B.Small.C.Fresh.D.Rare.3.Whohavemostsausagesinbreakfast?A.Swiss.B.Japanese.C.Australians.D.Germans.【答案】1.D2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个国家的早餐。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Butonweekends,it’stimeforSwissbrunch(早午餐).Alongwithpotatopancakes,cheesesandcoldcuts,thecenterpieceofthebrunchtableisZopf.Thiseggbreadissimilartochallahorbrioche,andservedwithhoney,butterandjam.(但在周末，该吃瑞士早午餐了。除了土豆薄饼、奶酪和冷切，早午餐桌的核心是佐夫。这种蛋面包类似于奶油蛋卷或奶油蛋卷，与蜂蜜、黄油和果酱一起食用)”可知，在周 末，瑞士人习惯吃早午餐，即他们把早餐和午餐并作一餐吃。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Withafocusonfreshproduce,wholegrainsandnourishingcombinations,Australianbreakfastscanrangefromtheclassicavocado(牛油果)toastonseededbreadtoricepuddingwithyoghurt,seedsandberries.(澳大利亚早餐侧重于新鲜农产品、全谷物和营养组合，从传统的带籽面包的鳄梨吐司到含有酸奶、种子和浆果的米饭布丁，应有尽有)”可知，澳大利亚早餐的一个特点是新鲜。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thisbuffetspreadisfilledwithvariety:sausages,coldcuts,cheeses,breadandrollsaswellasfreshfruitandsoft-boiledeggs.Theabundantchoicesaremeantforsamplingandassemblingasyouplease.(自助餐套餐种类繁多：香肠、冷盘、奶酪、面包和面包卷，以及新鲜水果和软煮蛋。丰富的选择意味着你可以随意取样和组装)”可知，德国人早餐吃的香肠最多。故选D项。BInaworldwheremanyofusgiveallourattentiontosmartphones,DulcieCowlingisdifferent.Shehasgotridofhers.This36-year-oldwomandecided,latelastyear,togiveuphersmartphonetoimprovehermentalhealth.AtChristmas,shetoldherfamilyandfriendsthatshewasgoingtochangehersmartphoneforanoldcellphone,withwhichshecouldonlymakeandreceivecallsandtextmessages.Sheremembersthatoneofthecrucialmomentsthatledhertomakesuchadecisionwasadayintheparkwithher2children,aged6and3.“Iwasintheparkwiththechildren,staringatthemobilephone.WhenIlookedup,alloftheparents—upto20—werelookingattheirphones,continuallyswipingacrossthescreen,”shesays.“Iwonderwhenthishappenedtous.Wearemissingreallife!”Roughly,9outof10peopleintheUKownsmartphones.Andpeopleareaddictedtothem.Arecentstudyfoundthattheaveragepersonspends4.8hoursadayontheirphones.However,forasmallbutgrowingnumberofpeople,enoughisenough.Inotherwords,theyshouldn’tspendmoretimeonthephones.AlexDunedinthrewhissmartphoneintherubbishbag2yearsago.“Culturally,wehavebecomeaddictedtothesetools,”saysthiseducationalresearcherandtechnologyexpert.“Theyareweakeningcognition(认知)andimpedingproductivity.”Dunedinsaysanotherreasonbehindhisdecisionwasenvironmentalconcerns.“WearewastinglargeamountsofenergyandproducinglargeamountsofCO2emissions.”Hehasbeenhappierandmoreproductivesincehestoppedusinghissmartphone.Hehasnotreplaceditwithanoldcellphoneanddoesnotevenhavealandline.Hecanonlybecontactedthroughemailsthatarriveonhishomecomputer.Anotherresearcher,Burkesaysitwillbehelpfulifmorepeoplekeepaneyeonhowmuchtimetheyspendontheirsmartphones.“Beginningtorealizeexactlyhowmuchtimetheywasteeachdayontheirphones canbeapowerfulwake-upcallandcatalyst(引发变化的因素)forchange.”Healsorecommendsstaringbyturningoffyourphoneorleavingitathomeforashorttime.4.WhydidDulcieCowlinggiveuphersmartphone?A.Toreduceherdailycosts.B.Tospendmoretimeonherwork.C.Tosetanexampletoherchildren.D.Tomakehermorementallyhealthy.5.Whatdothewords“enoughisenough”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Nomorewillbetolerated.B.Enoughisasgoodasafeast.C.Asliceisbetterthannobread.D.Hewhoiscontentasksfornomore.6.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.ThebenefitsAlexDunedin’ssmartphonebrought.B.ThecharacteristicsofAlexDunedin’ssmartphone.C.ThereasonswhyAlexDunedinabandonedhissmartphone.D.ThewaysAlexDunedinreducedtimespentonasmartphone.7.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Amagazine.B.Atextbook.C.Abrochure.D.Adiary.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。很多人都沉迷于智能手机，无法自拔。但DulcieCowling和AlexDunedin做了一件与众不同的事——放弃使用智能手机。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“This36-year-oldwomandecided,latelastyear,togiveuphersmartphonetoimprovehermentalhealth.(去年年底，这位36岁的女性决定放弃她的智能手机，以改善她的心理健康)”可知，DulcieCowling决定不再使用手机的目的是改善自己的心理健康状况。故选D。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Inotherwords,theyshouldn’tspendmoretimeonthephones.(换句话说，他们不应该在电话上花费更多的时间)”中的inotherwords可知，本句是画线部分所在句的同义转述。由此可知，划线部分所在句子意为“少数人认为他们不能在手机上花费更多时间了”，即划线部分意为“不能再多了”。故选A。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段的““Culturally,wehavebecomeaddictedtothesetools,”saysthiseducational researcherandtechnologyexpert.“Theyareweakeningcognition(认知)andimpedingproductivity.”Dunedinsaysanotherreasonbehindhisdecisionwasenvironmentalconcerns.“WearewastinglargeamountsofenergyandproducinglargeamountsofCO2emissions.”(这位教育研究人员和技术专家说：“在文化上，我们已经对这些工具上瘾了。”“他们削弱了认知能力，阻碍了生产力。”达尼丁说，他的决定背后的另一个原因是对环境的担忧。“我们正在浪费大量能源，产生大量二氧化碳排放。”)”可知，本段介绍了AlexDunedin把智能手机扔进垃圾袋的原因。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据全文可知，很多人都沉迷于智能手机，无法自拔。但DulcieCowling和AlexDunedin做了一件与众不同的事——放弃使用智能手机。这和人们的日常生活相关。由此推知，该文最有可能出现在杂志上。故选A。CAnewreportbyaBritish-basedplantprotectiongroupsaysalmost30percentoftheworld’streespeciesareatriskofextinction.TheStateoftheWorld’sTreereportwarnsthat17,500treespeciesareatriskofdyingout.And440specieshavefewerthan50individualtreesleftinthewild.ThereportwasrecentlypublishedbyBotanicGardensConservationInternational(BGCI).Thereportsaysthenumberofthreatenedtreespeciesisdoublethenumberofthreatenedmammals,birds,amphibiansandreptilescombined.Inastatement,BGCISecretaryGeneralPaulSmithsaid,“Thisreportisawake-upcalltoeveryonearoundtheworldthattreesneedhelp.”Amongthemostat-risktreesarespeciesincludingmagnoliasanddipterocarps.ThesetreesarecommonlyfoundinSoutheastAsianrainforests.Thereportsaysoakandmapletreesalsofacethreats.Treeshelpsupportthenaturalenvironmentandareconsideredimportantforfightingglobalwarmingandclimatechange.Theextinctionofasingletreespeciescouldmeanthelossofmanyothers.“Everytreespeciesmatters,tothemillionsofotherspeciesthatdependontreesallovertheworld,”Smithsaid.Thereportshowsthatthousandsofkindsoftreesintheworld’stopsixcountriesfortree-speciesdiversityareatriskofextinction.ThegreatestsinglenumberisinBrazil,where1,788speciesareatrisk.TheotherfivecountriesareIndonesia,Malaysia,China,ColombiaandVenezuela.Thetopthreethreatsfacingtreespeciesarecropproduction,loggingandfarming.Mostworryingly,climatechangeandextremeweatherarealsogrowingthreats.Thereportaddsatleast180treespeciesaredirectlythreatenedbyrisingseasandsevereweather.Itnotesthatislandtreespeciesaremoreatriskthanothertreesbecausemanyislandshavespeciesoftreesthatcanbefoundnowhereelse.8.Whatcanweknowabouttheworld’streespecies? A.Theyareinurgentneedofprotection.B.Thereare50typesofthemunknown.C.Mostofthemareindangerofdyingout.D.Thenumberofthemishigherthanwildanimals.9.WhydoestheauthormentionSoutheastAsianrainforestsinparagraph3?A.Toattractreaderstoexplorethere.B.Toemphasizetheirspeciallocation.C.Topresentwildanimals’importanthabitats.D.Toshowthemostthreatenedtreespeciesthere.10.Whatdoesparagraph4mainlytellusabouttrees?A.Theirenvironmentalbenefits.B.Theireconomicvalue.C.Theircharacteristics.D.Theirevolution.11.Whatistheauthor’stoneinwritingthetext?A.Confused.B.Concerned.C.Grateful.D.Humorous.【答案】8.A9.D10.A11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一份新报告显示，世界上近30%的树种面临灭绝的危险，树种迫切需要保护。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“AnewreportbyaBritish-basedplantprotectiongroupsaysalmost30percentoftheworld’streespeciesareatriskofextinction.”（英国植物保护组织的一份新报告称，世界上近30%的树种面临灭绝的危险。）和第二段关键句“Thisreportisawake-upcalltoeveryonearoundtheworldthattreesneedhelp.”（这份报告警醒了世界各地的人们，树木需要帮助。）可知，世界上近30%的树种面临灭绝的危险，树木需要帮助，由此可知，世界上的树种迫切需要保护。故选A项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段内容“Amongthemostat-risktreesarespeciesincludingmagnoliasanddipterocarps.ThesetreesarecommonlyfoundinSoutheastAsianrainforests.Thereportsaysoakandmapletreesalsofacethreats.”（风险最大树种包括木兰树和龙脑香。这些树常见于东南亚雨林。报告说，橡树和枫树也面临威胁。）可知，文章第三段告诉我们东南亚雨林常见的木兰树和龙脑香是灭绝风险最大的树种，由此可知，作者在第三段中提到东南亚雨林是为了展示那里最受威胁的树种。故选D项。 【10题详解】主旨大意题。通读第四段内容，结合关键句“Treeshelpsupportthenaturalenvironmentandareconsideredimportantforfightingglobalwarmingandclimatechange.”（树木有助于支持自然环境，被认为对应对全球变暖和气候变化很重要。）可知，第四段告诉我们树木对环境有益，对应对全球变暖和气候变化很重要，由此可知，第四段主要告诉我们树木带来的环境利益。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Thetopthreethreatsfacingtreespeciesarecropproduction,loggingandfarming.Mostworryingly,climatechangeandextremeweatherarealsogrowingthreats.”（树种面临的三大威胁是作物生产、伐木和农业。最令人担忧的是，气候变化和极端天气也是日益严重的威胁。）可知，树种面临着作物生产、伐木、农业、气候变化和极端天气等带来的威胁，这让作者感到担忧，结合“Mostworryingly”可知，作者写作时的语调是担心的。故选B项。DEngineersatNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,Illinois,inventedtheworld’ssmallestremote-controlledwalkingrobot,accordingtotheresearchpublishedinthejournalScienceRobotics.Eachoneisabouthalfamillimeterwide,whichissmallerthanthethicknessofaUSpenny.“Ittookayearandahalftocreatethetinymetalcreatures,”saidcoauthorJohnA.Rogers,professorofMaterialsScienceandEngineeringatNorthwesternUniversity.Rogers’teamconsistedofstudentsacrossvaryingacademiclevelswhocombinedcritical-andcreative-thinkingskillstodesignrobotsthatlookedlikecrabs(螃蟹)aswellasotheranimalslikeinchwormsandcrickets.“Somestudentsfoundthesidewayswalkingofcrabsamusing,whichwastheinspirationbehindthecrabrobot,”Rogerssaid.“Therobots,whicharemadeofashapememoryalloy(合金),startoutasflatobjects,similartoapieceofpaper.Thetinyrobotcanalsotwist,turnandjump.”“Ametallicobjectmadeofshape-memoryalloycanbechanged,butreturnstoitsoriginalshapeonceheatisappliedtoit,”heexplained.Lasers(激光)wereusedtoapplyheattodifferentpartsofthecrabrobottocreatemovement.“Alaserisaconvenientwaytodoitbecausewecanfocusthelighttoaverytinyspot,”Rogerssaid.Therobotsarestillinthedevelopmentalphaseandprimarilycreatedforacademicpurposes,butthetechnologyusedtomakethetinycrabshavepotential.Tinycrabrobotscouldbeusedinperformingminimallyinvasivesurgeriesoraidintherepairofsmall-scalemachines.Inthemeantime,Rogershaschallengedhisteamtoexpandontherobot’scapabilities.“Asanambitiousgoal,Iaskedthestudentstoseeiftheycouldcomeupwithawaytomaketheserobotstakeflight—maybeimpossible,butfuntothinkabout,”hesaid.12.Whatwasthecrabrobotbasedon? A.Crab’slivinghabit.B.Crab’swayofmoving.C.Crab’samazingshape.D.Crab’swayofstanding.13.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwritingparagraph4?A.Toexplaintheuseforheat.B.Todescribetheoriginalshapeofthecrabrobot.CTointroducethewaytomakethecrabrobotmove.D.Toshowtheimportanceoftheshape-memoryalloy.14.Whatcanbeshownaboutthecrabrobotinthelastparagraph?A.Itsflyingability.B.Itspossiblechallenges.C.Itspromisingfuture.D.Itsaspirationalgoal.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewCreatureWasCreatedByEngineersAtNorthwesternUniversityB.EngineersInventedTheWorld’sSmallestRemotecontrolledWalkingRobotC.EngineersFoundAUseForTheWorld’sSmallestRemotecontrolledWalkingRobotD.ANewShape-memoryAlloyWasInventedByEngineersAtNorthwesternUniversity【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。埃文斯顿的西北大学的工程师们发明了世界上最小的外形像螃蟹的遥控步行机器人。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的““Somestudentsfoundthesidewayswalkingofcrabsamusing,whichwastheinspirationbehindthecrabrobot,”Rogerssaid.(罗杰斯说：‘一些学生发现螃蟹的侧向行走很有趣，这就是螃蟹机器人背后的灵感。’)”可知，一些学生觉得螃蟹横着走很有趣，这就是螃蟹机器人的灵感来源。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““Ametallicobjectmadeofshape-memoryalloycanbechanged,butreturnstoitsoriginalshapeonceheatisappliedtoit,”heexplained.Lasers(激光)wereusedtoapplyheattodifferentpartsofthecrabrobottocreatemovement.“Alaserisaconvenientwaytodoitbecausewecanfocusthelighttoaverytinyspot,”Rogerssaid.(他解释说：‘形状记忆合金制成的金属物体可以改变，但一旦加热，它就会恢复原来的形状。’激光被用来加热螃蟹机器人的不同部位，以产生运动。罗杰斯说：‘激光是一种方便的方 法，因为我们可以把光聚焦到一个非常小的点上。’)”可知，作者写作第四段的目的是介绍螃蟹机器人移动的工作原理。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Therobotsarestillinthedevelopmentalphaseandprimarilycreatedforacademicpurposes,butthetechnologyusedtomakethetinycrabshavepotential.Tinycrabrobotscouldbeusedinperformingminimallyinvasivesurgeriesoraidintherepairofsmall-scalemachines.(机器人仍处于开发阶段，主要是为了学术目的而制造的，但用于制造小螃蟹的技术具有潜力。微型螃蟹机器人可用于执行微创手术或帮助修理小型机器)”推知，螃蟹机器人前途光明。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“EngineersatNorthwesternUniversityinEvanston,Illinois,inventedtheworld’ssmallestremote-controlledwalkingrobot,accordingtotheresearchpublishedinthejournalScienceRobotics.Eachoneisabouthalfamillimeterwide,whichissmallerthanthethicknessofaUSpenny.(根据发表在《科学机器人学》杂志上的研究，伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿西北大学的工程师们发明了世界上最小的遥控步行机器人。每一个大约半毫米宽，比一便士的厚度还小)”以及下文对该机器人的介绍可知，本文介绍了埃文斯顿的西北大学的工程师们发明了世界上最小的外形像螃蟹的遥控步行机器人。因此B项“工程师发明了世界上最小的遥控步行机器人”可以作为最佳标题。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Maybeyouarefearfulofmissingyourholidaysduetolongwaitsfornewpassports.____16____Checkyourpassporttoseewhenitwasissued“Aftertraveltookapauseformanyholidaymakersduringthepandemic,plentyofpassportsneedtoberenewed.Tobeatanydisappointmentsforyoursummervacations,you’llwanttomakesurethatithasbeennomorethantenyearssinceyourpassportwasissued,”Naveensays.“____17____,includingpopulartravelspotssuchasEgypt,Thailand,andDubai.____18____“I’drecommendthoroughlycheckingyourapplicationbeforeyousenditoff.Manydelaysaremadethroughtypicalerrors—suchasincorrectphotosortypos—whichcanworsenyourchancesofreceivingapassportintimeforasummertrip,”hecontinues.GofordigitalratherthanpaperNaveenadvises,“Therearemanyvariables(变数)thatgointohowlongitwilltaketogetyourpassport renewed—fromafirst-timepassporttoachild’srenewal.Whenitcomestothemethodofhowyouapply,digitalapplicationsgenerallytakeashortamountoftimeaspartsoftheapplicationarelesslikelytogetlost,plustheonlineprocesswillbemoreefficient.____19____Makeanappointmentinpersonoroverthephone“Withthecurrentdemandfortravelinrecentmonths,eventhefast-trackservicesforpassportrenewalarebecomingoverwhelmedsothereisnoquickfix(捷径)toreceivingyourpassportontime,”hesays.“____20____.Alternatively,looktobookanappointmenttooneofthevariouspassportcentersacrossthecountrythatwayyoucanspeeduptheprocessinpersonandhavesomeoneonhandshouldtherebeanyerrors.”A.EnsureyourdetailsarecorrectB.AdmityourinformationofpassportsisrightC.Manypeopledon’tlikethestressfullifeandwanttotravelD.Keepthisinmindifyoudon’twanttoendupbeingstuckinthewaitinglineE.Naveen,founderofNextVacay,hasissuedfourtipstospeedupthepassportprocessF.YoualsoneedtheminimumofthreeorsixmonthstogainentryintomanydestinationsG.However,ifyouaretravelingforanemergency,youmaybeabletoacceleratetheprocess【答案】16.E17.F18.A19.D20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了4个如何加快办理护照的技巧。【16题详解】上文“Maybeyouarefearfulofmissingyourholidaysduetolongwaitsfornewpassports.(也许你担心由于长时间等待新护照而错过假期。)”提起“加快办理护照”这个话题，因此E项“Naveen是NextVacay的创始人，他提出了四条建议来加快办理护照的速度。”符合本文主旨，故选E。【17题详解】下文“includingpopulartravelspotssuchasEgypt,Thailand,andDubai.(包括埃及、泰国和迪拜等热门旅游景点。)”说明是和目的地相关的情况，因此F项“你还需要至少三到六个月的时间才能进入许多目的地”与下文一致，故选F。【18题详解】下文“I’drecommendthoroughlycheckingyourapplicationbeforeyousenditoff.(我建议你在发送之前彻底检查你的申请)”说明本段大意：确保信息无误，因此A项“确保你的详细信息正确无误”概括本段大意，故选A。【19题详解】 上文“Whenitcomestothemethodofhowyouapply,digitalapplicationsgenerallytakeashortamountoftimeaspartsoftheapplicationarelesslikelytogetlost,plustheonlineprocesswillbemoreefficient.(当涉及如何申请的方法时，数字申请表通常需要较短的时间，因为申请表的某些部分不太可能丢失，而且线上过程将更有效。)”说明线上申请更有效，因此D项“如果你不想被困在等待的队伍中，请记住这一点”，可知this指代的是上文的plustheonlineprocesswillbemoreefficient，故选D。【20题详解】下文“Alternatively,looktobookanappointmenttooneofthevariouspassportcentersacrossthecountrythatwayyoucanspeeduptheprocessinpersonandhavesomeoneonhandshouldtherebeanyerrors.(或者，也可以预约全国各地的一个护照中心，这样你就可以亲自加快办理过程，如果有任何错误，也可以找个人帮忙。)”说明的是加快办理过程的方法，因此G项“然而，如果你是因紧急情况旅行，你或许可以加快这个过程”与想文呼应，故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mum-of-threeAlliSmith____21____herheaviestweightof125kgafterthreedifficultpregnanciescausedhertorisetoasize20.Shewasn’t____22____withherself,andshewasn’tlivinglifetothefullest.Shedidn’twanttogotoeventsbecauseshedidn’thaveanyclothesthatwouldsuither.Mostofthetimeshewas____23____herselfwithdiets.However,snackingonnearlytwoblocksof____24____anight,the27-year-oldfactoryworkercheweddoughnuts(甜甜圈),chipsandbiscuitsthroughouttheday.Apartfromthat,shewas____25____chocolateandwasintoitmainlyforthetaste.Shetriedeverydietunderthesunandwasspendingallthismoneyonallthese____26____tojustfaileverytime.____27____tochangeherways,Allisawherdoctor,whorecommendedsheconductgastric(胃部的)sleevesurgerytopreventhealthcomplications(并发症)inthefuture____28____hersize.Shesoon____29____hernightlychocolatehabitandhassincedropped35kginjustsevenmonthsand____30____hersugarheavydietforfreshfruitsandsalads.Now,Allialsohasmore____31____toplaywithherchildrenwithHenry,four,Kate,two,andGeorge,one.“I’mmoreenergetic,Irunaroundwithmy____32____andthey’reenjoyingit,”saysAlli.Shefeelsmore____33____thaneverinhernew90kgframe,recentlywearingshortsoutsidethehouseforthefirsttimeinsixyears.Shedelightedlysays,“Mysonsaidtome,‘Mum,youlooksopretty.’AndnowIwearwhatIwant,notjustwhat____34____.I’vefinally____35____inlosingweightandamontheroadtowhereIwanttobe.” 21.A.remainedB.reachedC.impressedD.enjoyed22.A.satisfiedB.connectedC.carefulD.angry23.A.beggingB.restrictingC.toleratingD.ignoring24.A.cakeB.chipC.biscuitD.chocolate25.A.addictedtoB.tiredofC.worriedaboutD.devotedto26.A.problemsB.theoriesC.programsD.circumstances27.A.CruelB.IncredibleC.DesperateD.Unwilling28.A.contrarytoB.regardlessofC.insteadofD.dueto29.A.reliedonB.gaveupC.respondedtoD.madeup30.A.exchangedB.stuckC.occupiedD.ruined31.A.lifeB.timeC.energyD.money32.A.friendsB.parentsC.sistersD.kids33.A.confidentB.painfulC.lonelyD.shameful34.A.risesB.mattersC.fitsD.exists35.A.involvedB.resultedC.insistedD.succeeded【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.D25.A26.C27.C28.D29.B30.A31.C32.D33.A34.C35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。AlliSmith尝试了世界上各种节食方法失败后，通过手术和改变自己的生活习惯，瘦了35公斤。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个孩子的妈妈AlliSmith在三次艰难的怀孕后最胖体重达到了125公斤，这让她穿衣服的尺码增加到了20码。A.remained保留；B.reached到达；C.impressed印象深刻；D.enjoyed享受。根据下文“afterthreedifficultpregnancies”可知，Alli怀孕三次发胖，导致最胖体重达到了125公斤。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对自己不满意，而且她没有充分享受生活。A.satisfied满意的；B.connected联系的；C.careful细心的；D.angry生气的。根据下文“andshewasn’tlivinglifetothefullest”可知，变胖的她对自己不满意。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：大部分时间她都在用节食来控制自己。A.begging乞求；B.restricting限制；C. tolerating忍受；D.ignoring忽视。根据上文“herheaviestweightof125kg”和“Shedidn’twanttogotoeventsbecauseshedidn’thaveanyclothesthatwouldsuither.”可知，发胖影响自己的生活，所以她限制自己的饮食。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这位27岁的工厂工人几乎每晚吃两块巧克力，白天还要吃甜甜圈、薯片和饼干等零食。A.cake蛋糕；B.chip芯片；C.biscuit饼干；D.chocolate巧克力。根据上文“snackingonnearlytwoblocksof”以及下面原词chocolate可知，这是零食两块巧克力。故选D。【25题详解】考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：除此之外，她还对巧克力上瘾，主要是为了品尝。A.addictedto上瘾；B.tiredof厌倦；C.worriedabout担心；D.devotedto致力于。根据下文“andwasintoitmainlyforthetaste”可知，她吃巧克力只是为了品尝味道，这是对巧克力上瘾。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她尝试了世界上各种节食方法，花了这么多钱在这些项目上，但每次都失败了。A.problems问题；B.theories理论；C.programs项目；D.circumstances环境。上文“Shetriedeverydietunderthesunandwasspendingallthismoneyonallthese”可知，为了减肥，她花很多钱在节食的项目上。故选C。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她渴望想改变自己，因此Alli去找了她的医生，医生建议她进行胃袖状切除术，预防未来由于她的体重而带来的并发症。A.Cruel残忍的；B.Incredible难以置信的；C.Desperate渴望的；D.Unwilling不乐意的。下文“Allisawherdoctor”可知，她求助医生因为渴望改变自己。故选C。【28题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：她渴望想改变自己，因此Alli去找了她的医生，医生建议她进行胃袖状切除术，预防未来由于她的体重而带来的并发症。A.contraryto相反；B.regardlessof不管不顾；C.insteadof代替；D.dueto由于。上文“herheaviestweightof125kg”和常识可知，因为超重会出现并发症，所以医生建议她进行胃袖状切除术。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她很快就改掉了每晚吃巧克力的习惯，她用新鲜水果和沙拉代替高糖饮食，在短短7个月内减掉了35公斤。A.reliedon依赖；B.gaveup放弃；C.respondedto回应；D.madeup组成。根据下文“andhassincedropped35kginjustsevenmonths”可知，她放弃吃巧克力，体重下降。故选B。【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很快就改掉了每晚吃巧克力的习惯，她用新鲜水果和沙拉代替高糖饮食，在短短7个月内减掉了35公斤。A.exchanged交换；B.stuck卡住；C.occupied占据；D.ruined摧毁。根据下文“hersugarheavydietforfreshfruitsandsalads”可知，她用新鲜水果和沙拉代替高糖饮食。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，Alli也有了更多的精力与四岁的亨利、两岁的凯特和一岁的乔治一起玩。A.life生命；B.time时间；C.energy精力；D.money金钱。根据下文“toplaywithherchildrenwithHenry,four,Kate,two,andGeorge,one.“I’mmoreenergetic,”可知，她减肥后有精力和孩子们玩。故选C。32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我更有活力了，我和我的孩子们到处跑，他们很喜欢。A.friends朋友；B.parents父母；C.sisters姐妹；D.kids孩子。根据上文“playwithherchildrenwithHenry,four,Kate,two,andGeorge,one.”可知，这是她和孩子们玩。故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她在90公斤的体重下比以往任何时候都更自信，而且她6年来第一次在屋外穿短裤。A.confident自信的；B.painful痛苦的；C.lonely孤独的；D.shameful羞耻的。根据下文“thaneverinhernew90kgframe,recentlywearingshortsoutsidethehouseforthefirsttimeinsixyears.”可知，减重的Alli对自己感到更自信了。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在我想穿什么就穿什么，而不只是合身。A.rises上升；B.matters重要；C.fits适合；D.exists存在。根据上文“AndnowIwearwhatIwant”可知，减重的Alli不用只穿合身的衣服了，可以想穿什么就穿什么。故选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我终于成功地减肥了，正在向我想要到达的地方前进。A.involved涉及；B.resulted导致；C.insisted坚持；D.succeeded成功。根据上文“Shefeelsmore　　　　　13　　　thaneverinhernew90kgframe,”可知，Alli减肥成功变得自信。故选D。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Reducingthenumberofcalorieseverydayisthetickettogoodhealth.Itworksinlabanimals.Italsoworksinhuman____36____(being).Thenameofthemethodis“caloricrestriction”.Itincreasesthelifelengthofanimals.Itevenreducestheirrateofcancerandotherdiseases____37____happenaspeopleage.Reducingcaloriesusually____38____(make)adifferencetoyoungandmiddle-agedadults. Researcherslookedinto____39____groupofhealthymenandwomenagedbetween21and50.Membersofthegroupagreedtoreducecaloriesfortwoyears.Theycouldeatthefoodstheywantedaslongastheycutback____40____thetotalamountoffoodtheyate.They____41____(expect)tocutcaloriesby25percentbytheresearchers.Manycouldnotdoit.Theaveragecaloriereductionwastwelvepercent.Thatisareductionof____42____(approximate)300caloriesaday.Butitworked.Those____43____(practise)caloriereductionlostweightandbodyfat.Theirbloodpressurefellalittle.Fewercaloriesleadtobetterhealth,Doesitleadtoalongerlifeand____44____(little)sickness?Adoctorsaidthedietwouldhavetolastalongtime_____45_____(find)outtheanswertothisquestion.Researcherswouldhavetostudypeopleforalifetimetoknowwhetherthedietkeepsthemwellandalivelonger.【答案】36.beings37.that##which38.makes39.a40.on41.wereexpected42.approximately43.practising44.less45.tofind【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了减少卡路里的摄入不仅可以使动物更健康，也可以使人更健康甚至长寿，这个称为“热量限制”。【36题详解】考查名词单复数。句意：它也适用于人类。beings“生物”为可数名词，根据语境，此处用名词复数形式。故填beings。【37题详解】考查定语从句。句意：它甚至降低了人们随着年龄增长而患癌症和其他疾病的几率。分析句子结构，此句为定语从句。先行词theirrateofcancerandotherdiseases在从句作主语，指物用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。【38题详解】考查主谓一致。句意：减少卡路里通常对年轻人和中年人有影响。分析句子结构，动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，结合语境，此处用一般现在时态。故填makes。【39题详解】 考查冠词。句意：研究人员调查了一组年龄在21岁至50岁之间的健康男女。该组成员同意在两年内减少热量。分析句子结构，agroupof一组，符合题意。故填a。【40题详解】考查介词。句意：他们可以吃他们想要的食物，只要他们减少吃的食物总量。cutbackon意为“削减”，固定搭配。故填on。【41题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：研究人员预计，他们将减少25%的卡路里。根据句子结构分析，此处与主语构成被动关系，结合语境，动词用一般过去时态，用wereexpect。故填wereexpect。【42题详解】考查副词。句意：这意味着每天大约减少300卡路里。分析句子结构，副词approximately在句中作状语，意为“大约”。故填approximately。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那些练习减少热量的人减轻了体重和体脂。分析句子结构，此处用非谓语动词。与前面名词构成主动关系，作后置定语，用现在分词形式。故填practising。【44题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：更少的卡路里会带来更好的健康，它会延长寿命和减少疾病吗？根据句中“alongerlifeand”可知，空后的词的形式和longer形成并列关系，所以此处用形容词比较级形式，表达“更少的”。故填less。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位医生说，这种饮食必须持续很长时间才能找到这个问题的答案。根据句子结构，此处用不定式作目的状语，tofind符合题意。故填tofind。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.学校英文报正在开展以“Whatisyouridealjobinthefuture?”为主题的讨论。你班讨论的结果主要如下：1.做工程师，为国家建设做贡献；2.做科研工作者，促进科技发展；3.做医务工作者，保护国民健康。请根据讨论结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括：1.讨论的结果描述；2.你的观点。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 ADiscussiononIdealJobsWhatjobwouldyouliketodointhefuture?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】参考范文：ADiscussiononIdealJobsWhatjobwouldyouliketodointhefuture?Ourclasshadadiscussiononitthisweek.Herearetheresultsofourdiscussion.Somestudentswanttobeengineersoutoftheconsiderationthatengineerscanmakecontributionstotheconstructionofourcountry.Ofcourse,somewouldliketobescienceresearchers,whoseworkisofgreatimportancetothedevelopmentofscience.Besides,tobemedicalworkersisalsoahotchoicebecausetheycanprotectthenation’shealth.Inmyview,whateverjobwemaychooseinthefuture,weallhavetodoourpartforthedevelopmentofourcountry.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇短文投稿，介绍你班关于“Whatisyouridealjobinthefuture?”这一话题的讨论结果，并阐明你的观点。【详解】1.词汇积累当然：ofcourse→certainly此外：besides→what’smore保护：protect→defend在我看来：inmyview→inmyopinion2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Ourclasshadadiscussiononitthisweek.拓展句：Ourclasshadadiscussionwhosetopicis“Whatjobwouldyouliketodointhefuture?”thisweek.【点睛】【高分句型1】Ofcourse,somewouldliketobescienceresearchers,whoseworkisofgreatimportancetothedevelopmentofscience.（运用了whose引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Besides,tobemedicalworkersisalsoahotchoicebecausetheycanprotectthenation’shealth.（运用了不定式作主语，because引导的原因状语从句）第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ASongwriterAndAnArmyDadShareOneTouchingStoryTwoyearsago,ConnieHarington,aNashvillesongwriter,wasdrivinginhercar,listeningtoastoryonthepublicradioprogramHere&Now.Andsheheardafatherrememberinghisson—afirefighterwhowaskilledinarescuemission.“Hementionedthathedrovehisson’struck,”Harringtonsays.“Andhewentontodescribethetruck.”JaredMontiwas30whenhewaskilledinrescueactionin2006.Intheradiobroadcast,hisfather,Paul,saidhisreasonsfordrivingthetruckJaredleftbehindweresimple,“WhatcanItellyou?It’shim.It’sgothisDNAalloverit.Ilovedrivingitbecauseitremindsmeofhim,thoughIdon’tneedthetrucktoremindmeofhim.Ithinkabouthimeveryhourofeveryday,”Harringtonwasmovedbywhatsheheardandwrotedowneverythingshecouldremember,allwhilefightingtears.Afewdayslater,Harringtonstartedturningthosethoughtsintoasong,withtwoco-writers.SingerLeeBricerecordedthesong,IDriveYourTruckandlastmonth,itvaultedtoNo.1onBillboard’sCountryAirplaychart.Asthesonggrewinpopularity,PaulMonti,themanwhosewordsontheradioinspireditinthefirstplace,gotamessage.ItwasfromawomanwhosesonwasrescuedinthefirebyJared.“ShesentmeamessageandtoldmethatshehadheardthissongandthatIhadtolistentoit,”Paulsays.Here’sthething:SongwriterHarringtoncouldn’trememberthenameofthefatherwhomshe’dheardontheradio—butshewanteddesperatelytofindhim,tolethimknowhewastheinspiration.“Youfeellikethissongwassuchagift,”Harringtonsays.“Andithascontributedtohealing,Ithink,inpeople.Andwejustwantedhimtoknowthatitwashiswordsthattouchedus.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。AfterlotsoffruitlessInternetsearches,shefinallyfoundhisname,PaulMoni.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________Atthecelebrationparty,Paulsharedamoretouchingstoryabouthisson.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】参考范文：AfterlotsoffruitlessInternetsearches,shefinallyfoundhisname,PaulMonti.Shewassothrilledthatshecontactedthefatherbyallmeans.Shetoldhimhowshewasmotivatedtocomposethesong.SheauthenticallyinvitedPaulMontitoattendthecelebrationtobeheldinNashvilleattheendofthemonth.Andthisweek,PaulMontiflewtoNashvilletomeetthesongwritersandwenttothecelebrationtomarkthesong’ssuccess.Atthecelebrationparty,Paulsharedamoretouchingstoryabouthisson.Hesaidoneofthemostremarkablethingsabouthissonwasn’teveninthesong.Jaredwasawardedasaherofortryingtorescueabadlywoundedpartnertrappedinthefirein2006.Heranintotheflamesthreetimestorescuehispartner.“Mysonismyfuture,andwhenIhavelostmychild,Ihavelostmyfuture.AndIthinkoneofthereasonsIdrivemyson’struckisthatIhavetoholdon,Ijusthavetoholdon,”Paulsaid.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，通过阅读所给文章可知，纳什维尔的词曲作者康妮·哈灵顿在听公共广播节目《此时此地》的一个父亲在怀念他在救援行动中牺牲的消防员儿子，深受感动将这些想法写成一首歌，并与两位合作者合作创造出《我开你的卡车》的歌曲，随着这首歌越来越受欢迎。歌曲作者哈灵顿设法找到了那个父亲保罗·蒙蒂，让他知道他是歌曲灵感的来源。这首歌是一份礼物。它有助于人们心灵的治愈。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“在网上搜索了很多次之后，她终于找到了他的名字，保罗·蒙蒂。”可知，第一段可描写她激动的心情，接下来她邀请保罗·蒙蒂参加庆祝活动。②由第二段首句内容“在庆功宴上，保罗分享了一个关于他儿子的更感人的故事。”可知，第二段可描写保罗儿子的更感人救人的故事，以及自己开儿子卡车的原因。2.续写线索：联系保罗——邀请——保罗赴约——分享故事——感悟3.词汇激活行为类 ①纪念：mark/commemorate②跑入：runinto/hurrydown/dashthrough③坚持：holdon/stickto/carryon/persistin情绪类①兴奋的：thrilled/excited②真诚地：authentically/sincerely/truthfully【点睛】[高分句型1].Shewassothrilledthatshecontactedthefatherbyallmeans.(由so...that引导的结果状语从句)[高分句型2].AndIthinkoneofthereasonsIdrivemyson’struckisthatIhavetoholdon,Ijusthavetoholdon,”Paulsaid.(由省略that引导的宾语从句、省略why引导的定语从句和that引导的表语从句)听力答案：1~5BABBC6~10CACAB11~15BACBA16~20ACCBA