重庆市南开中学2023-2024学年高三英语上学期开学试题（Word版附解析）

重庆市高2024届高三第一次质量检测英语试题注意事项：1.本试卷由四个部分组成。其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。共150分，共12页。2.全部答案在答题卡上相应区域内完成，在本试卷上作答无效。选择题请使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题请使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答。要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。3.请在答题卡规定的地方填写好个人信息，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码是否与本人的信息一致。4.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节;满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whichanimaldoesthemanthinkisthemostspecial?A.Birds.B.Ducks.C.Horses.2.Whereisthewomangoingtonight?A.Thestadium.B.Thelibrary.C.Thecafe.3.Whatwillthemanhavefortomorrow’sbreakfast?A.Eggrolls.B.Friedeggs.C.Boiledeggs.4.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthenewtowels?A.They’requiteuseful.B.They’reabitexpensive.C.They’reverycomfortable.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Asciencefictionmovie.B.AnewGPSdevice.C.Achatrobot.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatdidMaxdothismorning?A.Hehadawalk.B.Heatesomebeef.C.Hecleanedthefloor.7.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Sorry.B.Happy.C.Angry.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatistheman’smajorconcernaboutusinggas?A.Itcoststoomuchinwinter.B.Itwillcauseenvironmentalpollution.C.Itinvolvesariskofblowingupthehouse.9.Whatsourceofenergywillthespeakersusetoheatthehouse?A.Coal.B.Solarpower.C.Windenergy.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whydoesthewomanfindthepoemshard?A.Theyfocusonsomedifficulttopics.B.Theyarewrittenindifferentlanguages.C.Theyhaveexistedforquitealongtime.11Whatdayisittoday?A.Saturday.B.Sunday.C.Monday.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Husbandandwife.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onabeach.B.Inthewoods.C.Attheirhome.14.Whatdidthewomandointhemorning? A.Shestoredwaterinthevehicle.B.Shetookapictureofthevehicle.C.Shefilledthevehicleupwithgas.15.WhatseasonisitnowinScotland?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Winter.16.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Takeashower.B.Turntheheaton.C.Checktheamountofgas.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Reportingastudyonnovels.B.Introducingsomebooks.C.Teachingawritingclass.18.WhenwillTheDarkbepublished?A.In7days.B.In10days.C.In13days.19.WhichcountrydoesJohnClarkecomefrom?A.Japan.B.Australia.C.TheUS.20.Wherecanthelistenersgetmoreinformation?A.Fromalibrary.B.FromtheInternet.C.Fromabookstore.第二部分阅读理解(共两节;满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AUniqueBirthdayTraditionsTheeditorsofourinternationaleditionssharetraditionsreservedforcountingyourselfoneyearolder.Lithuania“Inmynativecountry,itiscustomaryforthebirthdaypersontositinadecoratedchairandtobeliftedupbythepartyguests,”sayseditorEvaMackevic.“Howmanytimesthechairisraisedwillcorrespondwithhisorherage.”Japan InJapan,whenachildturnsone,aceremonycallederabitoriisheld,wherethebirthdaychildchoosesfromaselectionofitemsspreadoutaroundthatrepresentthepotentialfuture.Whenapersonturns20,acoming-of-agecelebrationwillbeheldonthesecondMondayanuary.TheNetherlandsWhensomeoneturns50,alargedollwillbeplacedinthebirthdayperson’sgardenorbyheirfrontdoor;menhavean“Abraham”doll,womena“Sarah”,basedonaBiblepassage.AustraliaAchild’sfirstbirthdayisoftencelebratedwithballoonsandspeciallymade“fairybread”.SomefamiliesinAustraliaalsomarktheageof21withasouvenir“keytothedoor”,representingtheyoungadult’sprivilegetocomeandgofromthefamilyhomeastheyplease.Germany“InGermany,whenunmarriedmenturnthirty,theyaresupposedtosweepthestairsofthelocalchurchortownhall,”editorMichaelKallingersays,“whilewomenhavetodealwiththedoorhandle.”Thispublicactismeanttoembarrassthepersonandmotivatethemtomarry.1.Whichispartofaone-year-oldboy’sbirthdaycelebrationinJapan?A.Predictingtheboy’sfuture.B.Decidingtheboy’scareer.C.Seekingitemsatthebirthdayparty.D.Holdingacoming-of-ageceremony.2.Whatdoesthe“keytothedoor”symbolize-inAustralia?A.Lovefromparents.B.Timetomoveout.C.Endofthe21stbirthday.D.Recognitionofindependence.3.Inwhichcountrycouldabirthdaytraditioninvolvecleaninginpublicplaces?A.Germany.B.Australia.C.Lithuania.D.TheNetherlands.【答案】1.A2.D3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界一些国家独特的生日传统。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“InJapan,whenachildturnsone,aceremonycallederabitoriisheld,wherethebirthdaychildchoosesfromaselectionofitemsspreadoutaroundthatrepresentthepotentialfuture.(在日本，当一个孩子满一岁时，会举行一个叫做“erabitori”的仪式，在这个仪式上，过生日的孩子会从一系列的物品中选择，这些物品分布在周围，代表着潜在的未来)”可知，在日本，一岁的孩子在生日派对上在代表着未 来的物品中进行选择，即预测男孩的未来，故选A。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“SomefamiliesinAustraliaalsomarktheageof21withasouvenir“keytothedoor”,representingtheyoungadult’sprivilegetocomeandgofromthefamilyhomeastheyplease.(澳大利亚的一些家庭还会用一把纪念品“门钥匙”来纪念21岁，这代表着年轻人可以随心所欲地进出家里)”可知，在澳大利亚家庭中，房门钥匙象征着孩子来去自由的权利，即对独立的承认，故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段““InGermany,whenunmarriedmenturnthirty,theyaresupposedtosweepthestairsofthelocalchurchortownhall,”editorMichaelKallingersays,“whilewomenhavetodealwiththedoorhandle.”(编辑MichaelKallinger说：“在德国，当未婚男性30岁时，他们应该打扫当地教堂或市政厅的楼梯，而女性则必须处理门把手。”)”可知，在德国，未婚男性满30岁时，他们需要打扫当地教堂或者政府的楼梯，女性则处理门把手，即在德国，过生日的传统包含了打扫公共场所，故选A。BFormostoftheyear,EmbletonBayisalmostdeserted,amagicalcurveofsandonedgeoftheworld.ThisiswherethepupilsofEmbletonPrimarySchool,abeachschool,averyFriday——tolearn.NicolaThrelfall,headteacheroftheschool,saysthatteachersemployarangeteachingmethodstorealizeteachingobjectives,frommoretraditionalwrittenworktoteachpathsinthesandwithsticks,coveringdiversetopics.Sometimestheenvironmentitselfworkswonder.Nicolaexplainstherearehugebenefitstogivingchildrentheopportunitytojust“be”.Watchingthewaves,lyingonthesandfeelingthewindandsunontheirfaces,orrollingdownsanddunesareallanessentialpartofthebeach-schoolexperience,enablingchildren,toexplore,testtheirownlimitsandunderstandtheirplaceintheirenvironment.Onlineresourcesareprovided,too,intermsofengagingchildrenandfosteringaninterestinbeaches.Duringlockdown,thestudentsenjoyedavirtualonlinelecturewiththeRockPoolProject,asocialgroupthatencouragespeopleofallagestodiscovermarinelife.Duringthewintermonths,sandblowsinripplesacrossthebeachunderthebitingnorthwinds.Howdothechildrencopewiththedifficultweather?Nicolasaystheyliketogetthekidsoutonthebeachinallweather.Ifit’sraining,theyheadtothebirdhide;whenit’scold,thekidswarmupbydoingmorephysicalactivities.Onwarmerdays,theysitonpicnictablesoutsidetoenjoytheirlunch.Thebeachiswithinwalkingdistanceoftheschoolgatesbuttheonekilometredownthehill-andanotheronebackupstillproveschallengingforlittlelegs.Nicolaconfirmsthatnoticeableimprovementinthechildren’senduranceandfitnesslevelisoneofthemainadvantages. EmbletonPrimarySchoolisdemonstratinghowsuccessfuloutdoorlearningcanbe.CanmoreschoolmodifyThecurriculumtoincluderegulartimeoutsidefortheirstudents?4.Howdoestheschoolcarryoutoutdoorlearning?A.Bygivinglecturesregularly.B.Byintegratingdiverseapproaches.C.Byinspiringstudentstowritemore.DBycenteringonenvironmentalissues.5.Whatdoteachersdointoughwinterdays?A.Shortenbeachhours.B.Adjuststudentactivities.C.Postponeoutdoorevents.D.Changeteachingobjectives.6.Howdoestheauthorfindthebeachlessons?A.Fully-researched.B.Widely-provided.C.Confidence-boosting.D.Character-building.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.StartfromBeachB.LivewithSealifeC.EnjoyBeachActivitiesD.ReformFutureEducation【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Embleton小学的户外学习，海滩教育。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“NicolaThrelfall,headteacheroftheschool,saysthatteachersemployarangeteachingmethodstorealizeteachingobjectives,frommoretraditionalwrittenworktoteachpathsinthesandwithsticks,coveringdiversetopics.(该校校长尼古拉·特雷福(NicolaThrelfall)表示，为了实现教学目标，教师们采用了多种教学方法，从更传统的书面作业到用棍子在沙地上走小路，涵盖了多种主题。)”第三段第一句“Sometimestheenvironmentitselfworkswonder.(有时环境本身也能创造奇迹)”以及第四段第一句“Onlineresourcesareprovided,too,intermsofengagingchildrenandfosteringaninterestinbeaches.(在吸引儿童和培养对海滩的兴趣方面，也提供了在线资源)”可知，开展户外学习时，学校老师采用了不同教学方法实现教学目标，利用环境自身及网上资源，也就是整合了不同的方法。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Ifit’sraining,theyheadtothebirdhide;whenit’scold,thekidswarmupbydoing morephysicalactivities.Onwarmerdays,theysitonpicnictablesoutsidetoenjoytheirlunch.(如果下雨，它们会去鸟窝；天冷的时候，孩子们通过做更多的体育活动来暖身。天气暖和的时候，他们会坐在外面的野餐桌上享用午餐)”由此可推，根据天气状况，调整学生活动，故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“Nicolaconfirmsthatnoticeableimprovementinthechildren’senduranceandfitnesslevelisoneofthemainadvantages.(尼古拉证实，孩子们的耐力和体能水平的显著提高是主要优势之一)”可知作者觉得海滩课程是品格塑造的体现。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通览全文内容，多次出现beach，可知本文紧紧围绕“beachlearning”展开，以及文章最后一段提出的呼吁，由此可以推出A为正确答案，能够概括本文的大意，适合作为文章标题，即从海滩出发，进行教育，故选A。CArecentNewYorkTimesopinionpiecebyDanielWillinghamaddressedthequestionofwhetherlisteningtoabookisthesameasreadingit.Willinghambeginsthepiecewithafrequentlyaskedquestion—IsitcheatingifIlistentoanaudiobookformybookclub?Willinghamarguesthatthey’rebothworthwhilebutiscarefultonotethatdoesn’tmeantheyhavethesamevalue.Inlinewithhispointsinthearticle,IlistentoaudiobookswhenIwouldn’totherwisebeengagedinabook—say,atthegymorwhilewalking.That’scertainlyanadvantageoflisteningoverreading.ButIwassurprisedtofindthatWillinghamdidn’tmentionwhatIconsidertobethebiggestdifferencebetweenthetwo:Engagement.Thecriticaldifference,forme,betweenreadingandlisteningisthatreadingissomethingyoudo,whilelisteningissomethingthathappenstoyou.Readingisanactofengagement.Thewordsonthepagearen’tgoingtoreadthemselves,whichissomethingtheyliterallydoinanaudiobook.Ifyou’renotactivelytakinginwritteninformation,thenyou’renotgoingtomakeprogressonthebook.Audiobooks,ontheotherhand,makeprogresswithorwithoutyourparticipation.Willinghamreferstothispointbysayingthatharderbooks—“difficulttexts”ashecallsthem—requiremoreengagement,whichisthusbettersuitedtoreading.Yetit’snotnecessarilytrue.Forexample,I’verecentlybeenlisteningtoDavidGraeber’sexcellentDebt:TheFirst5000Years,atoughreadwithlotsofinformationandarguments.WhileIhaven’tgraspedeverypieceofinformationthathe’spresented,IhavespentalotmoretimethinkingaboutanimportanttopicthanIotherwisewould.Thisfill-in-the-cracksnatureofaudiobooksisacriticaladvantage. Ultimately,it’sfairtoconsideraudiobooksandwrittentextsasfundamentallydifferentmedia.Theyaredifferentformsbasedonthesamework.Youroptiondependsonwhatyouarewillingtogivetoit(time,aboveall)andwhatyouhopetogetoutofit.8.WhatisanadvantageofaudiobooksaccordingtoWillingham?A.Cuttingdownone’sreadingtime.B.Increasingabsorptionofknowledge.C.Providingmoreflexibleaccesstoinformation.D.Encouragingfurtherthinkingonserioustopics.9.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofreading?A.Ithelpsthegeneralideatostandout.B.Itsuitspeopleworkingondifficulttexts.C.Itspeedsupreaders’progressonthebook.D.Itrequiresmoreparticipationfromreaders.10.WhydoesthewritermentionDebt:TheFirst5000Years?A.Todemonstratewhatmakesatoughread.B.Toshowwhyaudiobooksattractlisteners.C.Toproveaudiobooksalsosuithardtexts.D.Tostressreadingcanalsotakehugeeffort.11.Whatcanwelearnabouttextsandaudiobooksfromthelastparagraph?A.Theyinvolvesimilarefforts.B.Theyproveequallydemanding.C.Theyhavedistinctusergroups.D.Theyservedifferentpurposes.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了有声读物和纸质书的阅读区别以及作者对这两种阅读方式的看法。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Inlinewithhispointsinthearticle,IlistentoaudiobookswhenIwouldn’totherwisebeengagedinabook—say,atthegymorwhilewalking.(与他在文章中的观点一致，我在不看书的时候听有声读物，比如在健身房或散步的时候)”可知，本文作者在自己没办法看纸质书的时候（健身或走路时）会选择听书，这和DanielWillingham的观点一致，即有声书可以提供更灵活的获取信息的渠道。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Readingisanactofengagement.(阅读是一种参与的行为)”可知，作者认为需要读者更多的参与，故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Willinghamreferstothispointbysayingthatharderbooks—“difficulttexts”ashecallsthem—requiremoreengagement,whichisthusbettersuitedtoreading.Yetit’snotnecessarilytrue.For example,I’verecentlybeenlisteningtoDavidGraeber’sexcellentDebt:TheFirst5000Years,atoughreadwithlotsofinformationandarguments.(Willingham提到了这一点，他说更难的书——他称之为“难读的文本”——需要更多的投入，因此更适合阅读。但这并不一定正确。例如，我最近一直在听大卫·格雷伯的优秀著作《债务：最初的5000年》，这是一本包含大量信息和论点的好书)”可知，第一句先概括了Willingham的观点，即“文本难度大的书更适合阅读而不是听”，作者对此表示反对，并用自己听Debt:TheFirst5000Years的经历进行论证，可知提到Debt:TheFirst5000Years是为了证明有声书也适用于难的文本。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Youroptiondependsonwhatyouarewillingtogivetoit(time,aboveall)andwhatyouhopetogetoutofit.(你的选择取决于你愿意付出什么（时间，最重要的是），以及你希望从中得到什么)”可知，选择纸质书还是有声书取决于读者希望从中获取什么，由此可推出纸质书和有声书契合不同的目的，故选择D。DInsomespecies,whentheconditionsgettough,thebodyhitsthebrakes,loweringbodytemperature,slowingthespeedofconsumingenergytoasnail’spaceandenteringastateknownastorpor.Humansdonotentertorpor,buttheconditionmightofferbenefitsacrosssituationsasseeminglyunrelatedasintensivecareunit(ICU)staysandlong-distancespacetravel.Usingultrasound(超声)wavestargetedatadeepregionofthebrain,researchersatWashingtonUniversitycreatedatorpor-likestateinmice.Micecannaturallyenterthisstate,sothescientistsalsotestedthetechniqueinrats,animalswhichdon’tentertorporbynature.Thefindings,publishedonMay25thinNatureMetabolism,couldpotentiallyinformresearchontargetingdifferentbrainareaswithultrasoundtoregulateotherbodilyactivities.Withouthavingtophysicallyinvadethetargets’heads,theapproachisanimportantstepinadvancingtorportowardhumanuse,saysMichaelAmbler,aresearcherand,lecturerstudyingtorporattheUniversityofBristolinEngland.Someearliereffortsreliedoninjectingageneintothetargeted-brain-region-to-assist-in-producingatorpor-likestatewithlightordrugs.Suchinvasiveapproachesareunlikelytogainapprovalforhumanuse,Amblersays,makingthenewstudy“anextremelyinterestingpieceofwork.”Ifthisnoninvasiveapproachweretobecomepossibleinhumans,onepotentialusewouldbetobuyheartattackpatientstimeintransporttothehospital.IntheICU,torporcouldalsobeappliedbeforedrugsandmonitoringareinvolvedinpatientcare.Thisstudyevenpresentsaveryfirststeptowardthepotentialtosupporthuman’slonglonelyjourneysinspace.Yetbeforethatpossibilitytakesflightinthefuture,researchonafamiliarspeciesmustcomefirst.Ambler saysthenextstepshouldbetestinginlarger,nonhumananimals,probablypigs.“Theyaremostlikehumans—hairlessandsimilartohumansintermsofbodytemperature,”hesays.“It’sastep-by-stepprocess,frommicetoratstopigstomonkeysandthen,hopefully,eventuallytohumans”—andthen,perhaps,beyondtheboundsofplanetEarth.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“torpor”inparagraph1mean?AHavingmuchenergy.B.Beingnotactive.C.Requiringlittlesleep.D.Decreasinginsize.13.Howistheultrasoundapproachdifferentfromearlierones?A.Itavoidscuttingintothebody.B.Ittargetsdirectlyatthebrain.C.Itproveseffectiveforhumanuse.D.Itgoestogetherwithlightordrugs.14.Whatisapossibleapplicationoftheresearch?A.MonitoringICUpatients.B.Curingheartattackvictims.C.Stabilizingbodytemperature.D.Supportinglongspacetravels.15Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Promotionofthetechnique.B.Significanceofthefindings.C.Focusofthefollow-upresearch.D.Reviewoftheexperimentprocess.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是在某些物种中，当环境变得艰难时，身体会踩刹车，降低体温，将消耗能量的速度降至蜗牛的速度，进入一种被称为迟缓的状态，这种迟缓状态有一定的好处。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段的“whentheconditionsgettough,thebodyhitsthebrakes,loweringbodytemperature,slowingthespeedofconsumingenergytoasnail’space(当环境变得艰难时，身体会踩刹车，降低体温，将消耗能量的速度降至蜗牛的速度)”可知，当环境变得艰难时，身体会踩刹车，也就是变得不那么 活跃，也就是进入不活跃的状态，划线词torpor的意思是“迟缓”，和Beingnotactive意思相近，故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Withouthavingtophysicallyinvadethetargets’heads,theapproachisanimportantstepinadvancingtorportowardhumanuse,saysMichaelAmbler,aresearcherand,lecturerstudyingtorporattheUniversityofBristolinEngland.(研究人员MichaelAmbler说，这种方法是将“迟缓”推向人类使用的重要一步，而无需对目标的头部进行物理侵入。)”和“Someearliereffortsreliedoninjectingageneintothetargeted-brain-region-to-assist-in-producingatorpor-likestatewithlightordrugs.Suchinvasiveapproachesareunlikelytogainapprovalforhumanuse,Amblersays,makingthenewstudy“anextremelyinterestingpieceofwork.”(一些早期的努力依赖于将一种基因注射到目标大脑区域，以帮助用光或药物产生类似迟缓的状态。Ambler说，这种侵入性方法不太可能获得批准用于人类，这使得这项新研究成为“一项非常有趣的工作”。)”可知，超声波方法与以前的方法的不同之处在于这个方法避免切入身体。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Thisstudyevenpresentsaveryfirststeptowardthepotentialtosupporthuman’slonglonelyjourneysinspace.(这项研究甚至向支持人类在太空中漫长孤独旅行的潜力迈出了第一步。)”可知，这项研究的可能应用是支持长途太空旅行。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“Yetbeforethatpossibilitytakesflightinthefuture,researchonafamiliarspeciesmustcomefirst.Amblersaysthenextstepshouldbetestinginlarger,nonhumananimals,probablypigs.(然而，在这种可能性在未来实现之前，必须首先对一种熟悉的物种进行研究。Ambler说，下一步应该在更大的非人类动物身上进行测试，可能是猪。)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是后续研究的重点。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Mosquitoesaredrawntoallpeople,butsomepeopleseemtobetheunluckyoneswhoaremoretemptingtomosquitoes.Expertshaveidentifiedtwomaincategoriesoffactorsthatmakeonemoreattractivetomosquitoes:biologicalaspectsandbehaviors.Chiefamongthefirstgroupoffactorsishowyousmell.Dozensofdiversemolecules(分子)throughoutourbodycometogethertocreateouruniquesmell.It’sacombinationofadozensmells.____16____It’salsopossiblethatsomepeopleproducemoreofthesmellthatmosquitoeslike.Bloodtypemayalsomatter.MosquitoesseemtobeinterestedinpeoplewithType0blood,forreasons researchershaven’tconfirmed.____17____Mosquitoesseekoutcarbondioxide.Themorewebreathe,themorecarbondioxidewesendintotheair,invitingbugsourway.Thentherearethefactorsthataremoredependentonhowyouactthroughouttheday.Iyouaretodoahardworkoutoutside,youmightbreathemoreheavilyandproducemorecarbondioxide,whichmightattractmosquitoes.____18____Ifitmixeswithbacteriaonyourskinorcontainsalcoholfromyourbeach-sidebeers,youhaveamuchhigherchancetobebitten.____19____Thereareafewevidence-basedstrategiestokeepthematbay.Certainclothingcolorslikeblackanddarkbluecanactlikeamosquitomagnet.Mosquitoesarealsodrawntobrightorangesandreds.Therefore,trytosticktolightercolorsandwearlongsleevesandpants.Or,youcantryasimpletrick——grabafanandpointitunderatable,sincemosquitoeslovetostaynearthegroundandbiteourfeet.____20____A.Afterall,they’renotgoodfliers.B.Howcanwedriveoffthemosquitoes?C.Therefore,trytoreduceexerciseonahotday.D.Docolorsmatterinthishide-and-seekgame?E.Thepatternofhowyoubreathealsoplaysarole.F.Sweatsendsapowerfulsignaltomosquitoestoo.G.Thismixofchemicalsislikelytodrawmosquitoes.【答案】16.G17.E18.F19.B20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍一个人对蚊子吸引力更大的两个主要因素和远离蚊子的策略。【16题详解】根据上文“Dozensofdiversemolecules(分子)throughoutourbodycometogethertocreateouruniquesmell.It’sacombinationofadozensmells.(我们全身数十种不同的分子聚集在一起，形成了我们独特的气味。这是十几种气味的混合。)”可推断下文会说明这种气味对蚊子有吸引力，G选项“这种化学物质的混合物可能会吸引蚊子。”并且G选项中的“thismixofchemicals”指代上文所说的“acombination”，上下文逻辑一致。同时，横线后句子“Itisalsopossiblethat..”和G选项中的“likely”相呼应，并构成递进关系，故选G。【17题详解】根据下文“Mosquitoesseekoutcarbondioxide.Themorewebreathe,themorecarbondioxidewesendintotheair,invitingbugsourway.(蚊子寻找二氧化碳。我们呼吸得越多，向空气中排放的二氧化碳就越多，引来了虫子。)”可知我们的呼吸方式也会吸引蚊子，E选项“你的呼吸方式也有影响。”符合题意，并且E选项中提到的“Thepatternofhowyoubreathe”和下文提到的“Themoreyoubreathe”相照应，同时，E选项中的also 和上文所说内容构成递进关系。故选E。【18题详解】根据下文“Ifitmixeswithbacteriaonyourskinorcontainsalcoholfromyourbeach-sidebeers,youhaveamuchhigherchancetobebitten.(如果它与你皮肤上的细菌混合，或者含有你在海边喝的啤酒中的酒精，你被咬的几率就会高得多。)”可推知是汗液也会以吸引蚊子，F选项“汗液也会向蚊子发出强烈信号。”并且F横线后句子中的it指代的是F选项中的“sweat”，上下文逻辑一致，故选F。【19题详解】设空处为本段的主题句。根据B横线后句子提到了本段关键词“strategies”，之后具体介绍了两种让蚊子远离的方法，可知本段主要介绍让我们远离蚊子的方法，B选项“我们怎样才能赶走蚊子?”符合本段主旨，故选B。【20题详解】根据上文“Or,youcantryasimpletrick——grabafanandpointitunderatable,sincemosquitoeslovetostaynearthegroundandbiteourfeet.(或者，你可以尝试一个简单的技巧——抓起一把扇子，把它放在桌子下面，因为蚊子喜欢呆在靠近地面的地方，咬我们的脚。)”可知下文解释为什么要这样做，A选项“毕竟，他们不擅长飞行。”紧密承接上文，A选项中的“they”指代的即上文中的mosquitoes，逻辑一致，故选A。第三部分语言运用(共两节;满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ouroversized,maleGoldenRetriever(金毛寻回犬),RustyweighedmuchmorethanmostGoldens.Thoughbig,hewas____21____.WhenKaren,my18-month-olddaughter,heldacookieouttohim,he’dtakeitgently.Wherevershewent,Rustywould____22____her.Ifwegrown-upsheldoutfoodforhim,____23____,heateitlikeahungrywolf.Oneday,Iwasoccupiedwithchoresallthemorninginthekitchen.WhenIlookedoutthewindow,myheart____24____!Ourbackyardhadtwolevels,withstonestepsleadingfromthelowerleveltothelargeropenareaabove.Atthehighestpointofthestepswasa____25____of1.5meterstothelowerlevel.Thenandthere,IsawKarenontheupperlevelwalkingalongtheedge!Though____26____,Ididn’tshoutforfearoffrighteningherintolosing____27____andfallingtothegroundbelow.ThenInoticedRustybesideher,movingto____28____theway.Nottobestopped,Karenwalkedtoanopenspot.Justasquickly,Rustymovedhimselfinfrontagain,____29____her.Thatrepeatedacoupleoftimes.Finally,shegot_____30_____andmovedbacktothecenter.Sighingwith _____31_____,Iranupimmediately.“Comeon,Karen,”Isaid,“Let’sgoinsideandgeta_____32_____.”Sheclappedherhandsandgrabbedmine,makingherwaydownslowly.Rustystayedbyherside,movingatherpace.Whenwegottothedoor,she_____33_____myhandandcrawledthroughthedoggydoor.Rustyfollowed.Thiswashowtheygotoutsidewiththedoor_____34_____.BythetimeIgottothekitchen,Karenandherfour-leggednannywerewaitingforthe_____35_____cookie.IneverworriedaboutKarenplayingoutsideafterthat.21.A.weakB.lovingC.restlessD.tolerant22.A.countonB.takeafterC.watchoverD.turnto23.A.moreoverB.indeedC.thusD.however24.A.diedB.achedC.meltedD.sank25.A.dropB.climbC.widthD.length26.A.overjoyedB.embarrassedC.ashamedD.panicked27.A.temperB.balanceC.heartD.interest28.A.blockB.guideC.findD.push29.A.pleasingB.rescuingC.guardingD.encouraging30.A.anxiousB.excitedC.frustratedD.confident31.A.sorrowB.reliefC.satisfactionD.desperation32A.restB.walkC.cookieD.prize33.A.loosenedB.squeezedC.tookD.rubbed34.A.unlockedB.brokenC.openD.shut35.A.promisedB.selectedC.hand-madeD.newly-bought【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.D25.A26.D27.B28.A29.C30.C31.B32.C33.A34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文记叙文。作者讲述了金毛寻回犬照顾自己18个月大的女儿的故事，在女儿遇到危险时，金毛会救护女儿，让她免受伤害。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管体型大但是他是充满爱的。A.weak虚弱的；B.loving充满爱的；C.restless焦躁不安的；D.tolerant宽容的。根据上文“Thoughbig”和下文“WhenKaren,my18-month-olddaughter,heldacookieouttohim,he’dtakeitgently.(当我18 个月大的女儿凯伦把一块饼干递给他时，他会轻轻地接过。)”可知，Rusty是充满爱心的。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：无论她去哪里，Rusty总是照看着她。A.counton依靠；依赖；B.takeafter效仿；C.watchover照看；D.turnto求助于。根据前文“Karen,my18-month-olddaughter”可知，Karen仅有18个月大，因此推断Rusty总是照看她。故选C。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果我们大人给他递上食物，他就会像饿狼一样吃下去。A.moreover此外；而且；B.indeed确实；C.thus因而；D.however然而。上文的“he’dtakeitgently”和下文的“heateitlikeahungrywolf.”时转折关系，故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我向窗外看时，我的心一沉。A.died死亡；B.ached疼痛；C.melted融化；D.sank下沉；(心情)变得沉重。根据下文“Thenandthere,IsawKarenontheupperlevelwalkingalongtheedge!(就在那时，我看见凯伦在楼上沿着边缘走着!)”可知，18个月的女儿在台阶边上走着，作者理应心情沉重。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在台阶的最高处有1.5米的落差。A.drop落差；B.climb攀登；C.width宽度；D.length长度。根据上文“Ourbackyardhadtwolevels,withstonestepsleadingfromthelowerleveltothelargeropenareaabove.”和下文“1.5meterstothelowerlevel”可知，上下台阶落差有1.5米。故选A。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然惊慌，但我没有喊，怕吓得她失去平衡，掉到下面的地上。A.overjoyed欣喜若狂的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.ashamed惭愧的；D.panicked惊慌的。根据上文“Thenandthere,IsawKarenontheupperlevelwalkingalongtheedge!”可知，作者看到女儿在高处走着，应是感到惊慌。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.temper脾气；B.balance平衡；C.heart心；D.interest兴趣。根据下文“fallingtothegroundbelow”可知，作者担心女儿失去平衡掉下去。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我注意到拉斯提在她旁边，想挡住去路。A.block阻碍；B.guide指导；C.find发现；D.push推。根据下文“Nottobestopped,Karenwalkedtoanopenspot.”可知，金毛狗想要挡住凯伦的路不让她向前走。故选A。【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：拉斯提同样迅速地走到她前面，保护着她。A.pleasing（使）开心；B.rescuing营救；C.guarding保护；D.encouraging鼓励。根据上文“ThenInoticedRustybesideher,movingto____8____theway.”可知，拉斯提在保护凯伦。故选C。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，她感到挫败，回到了中心。A.anxious焦虑的；B.excited兴奋的；C.frustrated挫败的，沮丧的；D.confident自信的。根据上文“Thatrepeatedacoupleoftimes.”以及下文“movedbacktothecenter.”可知，拉斯提不断挡住凯伦，最后凯伦感到挫败，放弃了，从边缘回到了中间地带。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我松了口气，立刻跑了上去。A.sorrow悲伤；B.relief宽慰；C.satisfaction满意；D.desperation绝望。根据上文“movedbacktothecenter”可知，女儿安全了，作者感到欣慰，松了一口气。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“来吧，凯伦，”我说，“我们进去吃块饼干吧。”A.rest休息；B.walk走；C.cookie曲奇饼；D.prize奖品。根据下文“Karenandherfour-leggednannywerewaitingforthe____15____cookie.”可知，作者放凯伦进里面吃饼干。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们走到门口时，她松开了我的手，通过狗门爬了进去。A.loosened放开；B.squeezed挤压；C.took拿；取；D.rubbed摩擦。根据下文“crawledthroughthedoggydoor”可知，凯伦从狗门里爬进去的，因此松开了拉着作者的手。故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们就是这样关着门走出去的。A.unlocked开锁；B.broken打破；C.open打开；D.shut关闭。根据上文“crawledthroughthedoggydoor.Rustyfollowed.”可知，凯伦和金毛通过狗门进出，这就是他们在门关着的情况下出去的。故选D。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我到厨房的时候，凯伦和她的四条腿的保姆正在等着被承诺的饼干。A.promised被允诺的；B.selected被选择的；C.hand-made手工制作的；D.newly-bought新购买的。根据上文““Let’sgoinsideandgeta____12____.”可知，饼干是作者承诺给的。故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Woodblockprintingisanancientprintingtechniquethatboostedhumancivilization.AsBuddhismgained popularityinChinaduringtheTangDynasty,astrongneed____36____(arise)toproducenumerousBuddhistscriptures(经书),andcopyingbyhandcouldnotmeet____37____risingdemand.AncientChinesecraftsmenthusinventedwoodblockprintingformassproduction,____38____(mark)amajorturningpointinprintinghistory.Therearefourstepsinvolvedin____39____(tradition)woodblockprinting,witheachstepsub-dividedintoseveralprocedures.____40____liesatthecenterofthetechniqueiscarving.Charactersandimages____41____(carve)toproduceraisedareasorlinesthatwilleventuallyapplyinktopaper.Afive-meterscrolloftheBuddhistscriptureDiamondSutra,____42____(make)in868,isthe“earliestdatedprintedbook”inthewordsoftheBritishLibrary____43____itisstored.Itisjustoneexampleofancientworksofartthatnotonlytellthewisdomofourancestors,butalsodemonstratethe____44____(pursue)ofbeautybyChinesecraftsmenthroughoutcenturies.Theinventionofwritinggavelife_____45_____greatthoughts,butitistheinventionofprintingthatmadeknowledgeashareablefruitforallhumankind.【答案】36.arose37.the38.marking39.traditional40.What41.arecarved42.made43.where44.pursuit45.to【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的雕版印刷术的起源和四个步骤。【36题详解】考查动词时态。句意：随着佛教在中国唐代的普及，人们强烈需要制作大量的佛经，而手工抄写已不能满足日益增长的需求。前文提到随着佛教在唐朝的盛行，提供了明显的时间指示词。因此佛经需求上涨的动作发生在唐朝，使用一般过去时。故填arose。【37题详解】考查定冠词。句意：随着佛教在唐代在中国的普及，人们强烈需要制作大量的佛经，而手工抄写已不能满足日益增长的需求。前文提到了astrongneed，此处特指该需求，使用meettherisingdemand。故填the。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国古代工匠因此发明了大批量生产的雕版印刷术，标志着印刷史上的一个重大转折点。分析句子结构可知make与逻辑主语woodblockprinting 构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填marking。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：传统的雕版印刷有四个步骤，每个步骤又分为几个步骤。修饰名词woodblockprinting应用形容词traditional，作定语。故填traditional。【40题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：这种技术的核心是雕刻。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what，首字母大写。故填What。【41题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：文字和图像被雕刻成凸起的区域或线条，最终将墨水涂在纸上。文字和图像被雕刻成凸起的区域或线条，最终涂上墨水。主语与谓语构成被动关系，此处描述雕版印刷的制作方法，时态为一般现在时，且主语为charactersantiimages，谓语动词用被动态的复数形式。故填arecarved。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一卷制作于公元868年的五米长的佛教经典《金刚经》，用大英图书馆的话说，是“日期最早的印刷书籍”。分析句子结构可知make与逻辑主语Afive-meterscrolloftheBuddhistscriptureDiamondSutra构成被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。故填made。【43题详解】考查定语从句。句意：一卷制作于公元868年的五米长的佛教经典《金刚经》，用大英图书馆的话说，是“日期最早的印刷书籍”。此处先行词为theBritishLibrary，在定语从句中充当地点状语。故填where。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：这只是古代艺术品的一个例子，它不仅讲述了我们祖先的智慧，也展示了几个世纪以来中国工匠对美的追求。此处作为demonstrate的宾语，应该用名词pursuit。故填pursuit。【45题详解】考查介词。句意：文字的发明孕育了伟大的思想，但印刷术的发明使知识成为全人类共享的成果。此处为固定搭配givelifeto，表示“赋予生命”。故填to。第四部分写作(共两节;满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，你的外国留学生朋友James想在中国进行社会实践，现有如下两种选择：博物馆讲解员或乡村中学志愿者。James来信向你寻求建议，请你给他回信，内容包括：1.建议其中一项活动；2.说明至少两点理由。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。DearJames,Howiseverythinggoing?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestregards,LiHua【答案】DearJames,Howiseverythinggoing?Basedonyourinterests,Iwouldrecommendyoutobecomeamuseumguide.Firstly,workingasamuseumguidewillprovideyouwithauniqueopportunitytosoakyourselfinChinesehistoryandculture,offeringinsightsintothecountry’spastandpresent.What’smore,byengagingindailyconversationswithtouristsandexplainingtheculturalsignificanceoftheartifactsinChinese,you’llhaveamplechancetopracticeandenhanceyourlanguageproficiency.Hopefully,mysuggestionswillbeofhelptoyouandfeelfreetoreachoutifyouneedfurtherguidance.Bestregards,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外国留学生朋友James写封信，给他提出在中国进行社会实践的建议。【详解】1.词汇积累首先：firstly→inthefirstplace提供：offer→provide充当：workas→serveas另外：what’smore→inaddition2.句式拓展简单句变复合句 原句：Firstly,workingasamuseumguidewillprovideyouwithauniqueopportunitytosoakyourselfinChinesehistoryandculture,offeringinsightsintothecountry’spastandpresent.拓展句：Firstly,workingasamuseumguidewillprovideyouwithauniqueopportunitytosoakyourselfinChinesehistoryandculture,whichwillofferinsightsintothecountry’spastandpresent.【点睛】[高分句型1]Basedonyourinterests,Iwouldrecommendyoutobecomeamuseumguide.(运用了过去分词作状语)[高分句型2]Hopefully,mysuggestionswillbeofhelptoyouandfeelfreetoreachoutifyouneedfurtherguidance.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句)第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Ihadalovely,oddauntnamedAmelia.Shealwayswarecolorfulclothingandhadacolorfulpersonalitytomatch.Shewasbrave,beautiful,outgoing,andgenerous.Despitehermodestbeginnings,shemanagedtoturnherpassionfordanceintoasuccessfulcareer.Amelia’sjourneybeganwhenshegotacceptedintothefamousJuilliardSchoolofDanceintheheartofManhattan.Withdedicationanddiscipline,shesharpenedherskills,specializinginballet.Hergracefulmovementsandremarkabletalentearnedherawardsandpavedthewayforapromisingfuture.ShewentontoteachdanceatJuilliardandlatertouredtheworldasamemberoftheNewYorkCityBallet.AlthoughIhadneverattendedoneofherprofessionalproductions,Iwaseventuallytreatedtoanunexpected,semi-privatesoloperformancebyher.WhileIwasvisitingherasayounggirl,shesurprisedmewithanoutingtoagrandtheatertowatchaballetperformance.Thetheaterwaslarge,spacious,anddecoratedwithbeautifullycraftedwoodenbalconiesandprivateboxes.Wewereseatedinthefrontrowatgroundlevel.Towardtheendoftheshow,theleaddancertwirled(旋转)acrossthestagewitheleganceandprecision.Thebeautifulmusicgrewlouder,andtheaudiencebecamefascinatedbytheamazingshow.Rightatthismoment,myauntrosefromherseat,thenturnedandfacedtheaudience.Iinstantlyslippeddowninmyseat,unsureofwhatwashappening.Withgracefulmovements,Ameliaseamlesslyjoinedthedancersonstage,effortlesslyblending(融入)intotheperformance.Theaudiencewereallshockedatfirst.However,asAmeliashowedherdanceskills,twirlingacrossthestageandexpressingemotionsthroughhermovements,theycouldn’ttaketheireyesoffher.Itseemedlikeshewasmeanttobethere.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Asthemusicended,Ameliacalmlyreturnedtoherseat,breathingsteadily. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________InspiredbyAmelia,Idecidedtopursuemyowndreamofdancing.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Asthemusicended,Ameliacalmlyreturnedtoherseat,breathingsteadily.Peoplebegantorise,applaudingandcheering,unabletocontaintheiradmirationfortheunexpectedtreattheyhadjustexperienced.Amelia’sradiantsmilemirroredtheirexcitementasshegraciouslyacceptedtheirpraise.Shethenturnedtome,eyestwinklingwithamischievousglimmer,“Wasthatagoodshow,mydear?”Inthatmoment,Irealizedthetruepowerofarttotranscendboundariesandtouchlives.Itwasalessonthatwouldstaywithme.InspiredbyAmelia,Idecidedtopursuemyowndreamofdancing.Ienrolledindanceclassesandimmersedmyselfintheworldofmovementandexpression.Countlesshourswerespentinrehearsalstudios,pushingmybodytoitslimitsandhoningmycraft.Thereweretimeswhenexhaustionsetin,anddoubtscreptintomymind,butIalwaysrememberedAuntAmelia’sgraceandpassion,whichfueledmydeterminationtosucceed.Thesoloperformanceinthattheaterforeveralteredthecourseofmyartisticjourney,servingasareminderthatextraordinarymomentscanhappenunexpectedly,andtruebrillianceknowsnolimits.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的阿姨阿米莉亚带作者去看一场舞蹈，当演出结束时，阿姨用自己杰出的舞蹈技能向观众和作者展现了一场意外但是迷人的舞蹈，让作者意识到，非凡的时刻可能出人意料地发生，而真正的才华是无止境的。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“音乐结束后，阿米莉亚平静地回到座位上，呼吸平稳。”可知，第一段可描写观众对阿米莉亚的赞美，以及对作者的影响。②由第二段首句内容“受阿米莉亚的启发，我决定追求自己的舞蹈梦想。”可知，第二段可描写作者如何追求自己的舞蹈梦想，以及感悟。2.续写线索：阿米莉亚带我看舞蹈表演——表演结束时，阿米莉亚上台表演——受到观众的赞美—— 作者被深深震撼，决定追求自己的舞蹈梦想——作者为自己的梦想而努力——感悟3.词汇激活行为类表扬：applaud/praise/acclaim接受：accept/receive/gain登记：enrollin/signup/enterone’sname情绪类出乎意料的：unexpected/astonishing/unpredicted兴奋：excitement/passion/thrill【点睛】[高分句型1]Amelia’sradiantsmilemirroredtheirexcitementasshegraciouslyacceptedtheirpraise.(as引导的时间状语从句)[高分句型2]Thereweretimeswhenexhaustionsetin,anddoubtscreptintomymind,butIalwaysrememberedAuntAmelia’sgraceandpassion,whichfueledmydeterminationtosucceed.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)