2023年高考真题——英语（北京卷）（Word版附答案）

2023年北京市高考英语试卷第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的).Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven____1____,soitwassurprisingI’d____2____toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!AfterIgothome,though.Itookmytimepettingthecat﹣postponingthepain.WhenIfinallysatdownto____3____,IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom____4____.Oneparagraphdown;nowwhat?Ichewedonmypencil.Aha!Whatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminal?WithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I’dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.”Thepagesbegan____5____.Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill____6____,“Fivepages!That’simpossible!”“Well,you’dbettergetbacktowork,”shesaid.“andIwanttoreaditwhenyou’rethrough.”Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpecteda____7____﹣atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.____8____,mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.Thenextday,whenMsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould____9____theyweren’tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My____10____stillneededsomenudging(激发),butIdidlearnIwasn’tshyinprint.1.A.freerB.shyerC.calmerD.happier2.A.nodB.pointC.listenD.chat3.A.weepB.restC.writeD.read4.A.learningB.playingC.planningD.laughing5.A.standingoutB.flyingbyC.breakingupD.checkingin6.A.celebratingB.longingC.complainingD.warning7.A.lectureB.reasonC.rewardD.solution8.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.MeanwhileD.Instead9.A.hopeB.imagineC.tellD.predict 10.A.patienceB.confidenceC.toleranceD.independence第二节(共15分)A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守时).I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I____11____(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup____12____(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest____13____(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When____14____(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect____15____(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China____16____(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention____17____globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,____18____thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction____19____(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld____20____(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled“RunBlue”.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsforafour-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood. TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint(冲刺).4-WeekLearningSprintThe4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic﹣specificreflectiontask.The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.RequirementsfortheApplicants•Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.•Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.•Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.•Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.•Youareself-motivatedandcommitted.•Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.•Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers(同伴).•Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.21.Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill________.A.createchangeintheircommunityB.attendavirtuallearningprogrammeC.meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD.promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject22.IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto________.A.completeareflectiontaskeachweekB.watchsportsontheIOCchannelC.workonasport-basedprojectD.coachandadvisetheirpeers23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants?A.Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.B.Havingatleastone-yearworkexperience.CShowinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.D.Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.Sittinginthegardenformyfriend’sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz(振动)inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfelt liketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective(视角)tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.24.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender’sname?A.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.25.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto________.A.criticisethereviewprocessB.staylongerintheSaharaDesertC.applytotheoriginalprojectagainD.puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork26.Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas________.A.demandingB.inspiringC.misleadingD.amusing27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Aninvitationisareputation.B.Aninnovationisaresolution.C.Arejectioncanbearedirection.D.Areflectioncanbearestriction.Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld’smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyofthe instantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(牺牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter’sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People’shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:“It’scoldthiswinter,soIneedn’tworryaboutglobalwarming.”Anotheristhatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopletoday,forexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.28.TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto________.A.drawacomparisonB.introduceatopicC.evaluateastatementD.highlightaproblem29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?AClimatechangehasbeenforgotten.B.Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.C.Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.D.Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.B.Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices. C.Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.D.Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.Whatislife?Likemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife?’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother?’”AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth’sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife’sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混乱的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行线)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.UndefinedanduncontrolledALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren’tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.31.RegardingAlanSmith’sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful32.Whatdoestheword“enamored”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?AShocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged. 33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut?B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too?C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay?D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too?第二节(共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.____35____WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.____36____Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.____37____Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.____38____Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult？Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.____39____Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching. E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4题;第(1)、(2)题各2分，第(3)题3分，第(4)题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered(触发)bythesecues.A“habitloop(环)”isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward﹣thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedurge,asahabitis.Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,it’spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre﹣evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem(ordon’t).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechangereflectsyourvalues.40.Howarehabitsbuilt?________________________________________________________________41.Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit?________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.________________________________________________________________43.Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits?(Inabout40words)________________________________________________________________ 第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：(1)活动形式；(2)活动内容。注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua 2023年北京市高考英语试卷第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【1~10题答案】【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.C10.B第二节(共15分)A【11~13题答案】【答案】11.wouldthrow12exactly13.hadarrivedB【14~16题答案】【答案】14.seen15.cities16.hasestablishedC【17~20题答案】【答案】17.to18.where19.toaddress20.facing第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。【21~23题答案】【答案】21.B22.C23.B【24~27题答案】 【答案】24.A25.D26.B27.C【28~30题答案】【答案】28.D29.C30.A【31~34题答案】【答案】31.A32.C33.B34.D第二节(共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。【35~39题答案】【答案】35.D36.F37.G38.B39.C第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4题;第(1)、(2)题各2分，第(3)题3分，第(4)题5分，共12分)【40~43题答案】【答案】40.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.41.Aroutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviourwhileahabitisadeep﹣rootedurge.42.Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.Becausebuildingahealthyhabittakesmanymonths.43.Ihaveagoodhabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.Therefore,Icanstudyenergeticallyeverymorning,whichmakesmestudyefficiently.Also,Iamveryhealthy.第二节(20分)【44题答案】【答案】DearJim,Hearingthatyouareplanningaclubactivitywiththethemeof“GreenBeijing”andneedmyhelp,Iamwritingtoofferyoumysuggestions.Ithinkyoucancarryoutthisactivityinaninteractiveandexperientialmanner,whichmeansstudentscanparticipateandhaveabetterunderstandingof“GreenBeijing”throughgettinginvolvedindifferentactivitiesbythemselves.Youcanshowcasegarbageclassificationonsite,planttreesandpublicizesharingeconomy,whichwillallfitintothethemeof“GreenBeijing”.Hopefully,youwillgetsomeinspirationfrommysuggestions.Wishyousuccess.Yours,LiHua