湖南省长沙市宁乡市2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

2023年上学期高一期末考试英语试卷本试卷分四部分，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意：所有试题均须在答题卡上作答。第一部分：听力技能(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.5B.￡9.18C.￡9.15答案是C1.WhatdoesthemanespeciallylikeaboutChongqing?A.Itsclimate.B.Itsscenery.C.Itsfood.2.HowwillthespeakersgotothePeople’sPark?A.Bybus.B.Onfoot.C.Bysubway.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Motherandson.C.Teacherandstudent.4.Onwhichfloorarechildren’stoys?A.The3rdfloor.B.The4thfloor.C.The5thfloor.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Abook.B.Awriter.C.Anorganization.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatdoesPeterplantobuytomorrow?A.Jackets.B.Awallet.C.Trousers. 7.Whydoesthewomanwanttochangetheskirt?A.Thecolorisdark.B.Thesizeistoosmall.C.Thestyleisoutoffashion.听第7段材料，回答第8至19题。8.Whatisthewoman?A.Adoctor.B.Ahostess.C.Ateacher.9.WhatisMr.Black’ssecondsuggestion?A.Eatinghealthily.B.Havingagoodrest.C.Doingexerciseregularly.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthemandoing?A.Askingforsomeinformation.B.Makinganexplanation.C.Givinganinterview.11.Whatinsuranceisthemanlikelytobuynow?A.Carinsurance.B.Lifeinsurance.C.Houseinsurance.12.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Consultquestions.B.Readsometerms.C.Fillinaform.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Colleagues.C.Friends.14.WhatkindofmusicdoesCathylikebest?A.Popmusic.B.Countrymusic.C.Classicalmusic.15.WherewillCathygofirsttomorrow?A.Ahospital.B.Atheater.C.Agym.16.Whenwilltheconcertend?A.At6:00pm.B.At7:00pm.C.At9:00pm.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.WheredidCliffgrowup?A.Onafarm.B.Inabigcity.C.Inasmalltown.18.WhatwasCliff’schildhoodlike?A.Happy.B.Sad.C.Colorless.19.WhatdidCliff’sfatherexpecthimtodo? A.Gotoanactingschool.B.Runthefarm.C.Workinthetheater.20.WhoencouragedClifftopursuehisdream?A.Anactor.B.Atraveler.C.Hismother.第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。ACommunityNoticeboardNewForestBikeProject(NFBP)NewForestBikeProjectisanot-for-profitcommunityandsocialorganizationwhichtakesinunwantedbicyclesandthenrepairs,restoresandrelocatesthem.AimingtohelppeoplefromallwalksoflifegetoutontwowheelsandenjoysomeexerciseaswellasthebeautifulNewForest!Ifyouwouldliketodonateanyunwantedbikes,pleasedropthemoffatWalkersGarage,BurleyRd,BransgoreBH238DF.Ringwood’sInternationalFestivalofStreetPerformanceArt(RIFSPA)HeldannuallyonMarch15thfrom10:30a.m.––4:30p.m.WANTED:streetperformers,musicians,choirs,bandsetc.toentertainthecrowdsinthestreetsofRingwood!Ifyouoryourgroupareinterestedintakingpartinthisevent,pleasecontactRogerBettle01425489350assoonaspossibletoensureaplace.NaturalWellbeing(NW)Weeklysessionsusingthenaturalenvironmenttopromoteadulthealthandwellbeing.Participantscanbeinvolvedincookingandsharinganoutdoorlunch,birdwatchingandoutdoorcraftactivities.Date:EveryFridayTime:11:00a.m.––2:30p.m.Booking:Tracyon01425472760orBlashfordLakes@hiwwt.org.ukLocation:BlashfordLakesNatureReserve,EllinghamDrove,nearRingwoodBH243PJEventcharge:£4donationRingwoodHealthWalks(RHW)GuidedbyVolunteerWalkLeaders,WalksareFREEforanyonewishingtoimprovetheirfitnesswithone-hourwalks.StartfromtheMedicalCenteronthelstand3rdTuesdayineachmonthat10:30a.m.MeetoutsidetheMedicalCentre. Comealongandjoinus:weareafriendlysociablegroup.FormoreinformationcontactCraigDaterson01590646671.NONEEDTOBOOK1.WhatcanyoudothroughNFBP?A.Buyusedbikes.B.Donateoldbikes.C.HikeintheNewForest.D.WorkatWalkersGarage.2.Whichofthefollowingisorganizedonceayear?A.NFBP.B.RHW.C.RIFSPA.D.NW.3.WhatdoNWandRHWhaveincommon?A.Theyeachlastawholeday.B.Advancereservationsarerequired.C.Theyarefreeofcharge.D.Chancestoexerciseareprovided.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了社区布告栏里四个活动的基本信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据NewForestBikeProject(NFBP)标题下“NewForestBikeProjectisanot-for-profitcommunityandsocialorganizationwhichtakesinunwantedbicyclesandthenrepairs,restoresandrelocatesthem.”（新森林自行车项目是一个非营利社区和社会组织，负责接收不需要的自行车，然后对其进行维修、恢复和重新安置。）可知，通过NFBP你可以捐赠旧自行车。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Ringwood’sInternationalFestivalofStreetPerformanceArt(RIFSPA)标题下“HeldannuallyonMarch15thfrom10:30a.m.––4:30p.m.”（每年3月15日上午10:30至下午4:30举行。）可知，RIFSPA每年举办一次。故选C项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据NaturalWellbeing(NW)标题下“Participantscanbeinvolvedincookingandsharinganoutdoorlunch,birdwatchingandoutdoorcraftactivities.”（参与者可以参与烹饪和分享户外午餐、观鸟和户外工艺活动。）及RingwoodHealthWalks(RHW)标题下“GuidedbyVolunteerWalkLeaders,WalksareFREEforanyonewishingtoimprovetheirfitnesswithone-hourwalks.”（在志愿者步行领队的指导下，任何希望通过一小时步行来提高体能的人都可以免费步行。）可知，NW和RHW的共同之处是都提供了锻炼的机会。故选D项。B MynameisAlice.Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatweakenedmyabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.ForalmostayearIstruggledon,constantlystaringatthiswallthatfacedme.Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.Ijoinedapre-presentationdinnerwithhimandthatsmallersettingallowedmetoslowlybuildupmycouragetospeakone-on-onewithhim––anideathathadseemedcompletelyimpossible.Thisfirstcontactwaswheremystorybegan.Amonthlater,BrowninvitedmetoattendtheWorldYouthWildlifeConference.Lookingback,Inowseethiswouldbethefirstinaseriesoftimelyopportunitiesthatmyoldselfwouldhaveletpass,butthatthisnewandmoreconfidentAliceenthusiasticallyseized.ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommitmyselftocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.IamwritingthisjustsixmonthssincemyjourneybeganandI’verealizedthatmybiggestobstaclethewholetimewasmyself.Itwasthatvoiceinthebackofmyheadtellingmethatonephrasethathasstoppedsomanypeoplefromreachingtheirpotential:Ican’t.Theysaygoodthingscometothosewhowait.Isay:grabeveryopportunitywitheverythingyouhaveandbeimpatient.Afterall,naturedoesnotrequireourpatience,butouraction.4.WhatwasthemaincauseofAlice’sanxiety?A.Herwishtobeperfect.B.Herhabitofconsumption.C.Herlackofinspiration.D.Herinabilitytoactherage.5.HowdidGrantBrown’spresentationinfluenceAlice?A.Shebuiltuphercouragetospeakup.B.Shetastedthesweetnessoffriendship.C.Shelearnedabouttheharmofdesire.D.Shedecidedtodosomethingfornature.6.TheactivitiesAlicejoinedinhelpedhertobecomemore________.AcriticalB.intelligentC.confidentD.innovative7.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Actionisworry’sworstenemy. C.Patienceisacureofanxiety.D.Everythingcomestothosewhowait.【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。【4题详解】细节理解题。由文章第一段“Myperfectionisttendencieswerethemainrootofthis:IwantedtobeperfectatwhateverIdid,whichobviouslyinlifeisnotpossible,butitconsumedme.(我的完美主义倾向是这一点的主要根源：无论我做什么，我都想做到完美，这在生活中显然是不可能的，但它消耗了我)”可知，是要求完美导致了焦虑。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。由文章第二段“Oneday,IattendedapresentationbywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld.(一天，我在高中参加了野生动物保护主义者GrantBrown的演讲。他的演讲不仅让我感到敬畏和鼓舞，还帮助我产生了一种内在的愿望，希望在世界上有所作为)”和文章第三段“ShortlyafterIreceivedhisinvitation,applicationstojointheYouthforNatureandtheYouthforPlanetgroupsweresentaroundthroughmyhighschool.Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.(在我收到他的邀请后不久，我的高中就收到了加入“YouthforNature”和“YouthforPlane”组织的申请。我决定致力于完成这些申请，很快我就成为了一个日益壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员)”可知，是GrantBrown让作者开始为从事保护自然的活动做出行动。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信)”可知，Alice加入这些活动让她变得更自信了。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Earlylastyear,Iwastroubledbyananxietythatcrippledmyabilitytodoanything.Ifeltlikeastormcloudhungoverme.(去年年初，我被一种焦虑困扰，它削弱了我做任何事情的能力)”以及第三段“Idecidedtocommittocompletingtheapplications,andsoonIwasapartofagrowingglobalteamofyoungpeopleworkingtoprotectnature.Eachofthesenewstepscontinuedtogrowmyconfidence.(我决定完成申请，很快我就成为了一个不断壮大的全球年轻人保护自然团队的一员。每一步都让我更加自信)”可知，文 章主要讲述作者通过参加保护自然活动治愈好了自己的焦虑。所以从文章中我们能学到行动是忧虑最大的敌人。故选B。CI’vebeengivinglotsofthoughtrecentlytotheteachingofthesciencesubjectatschools.I’mwonderingwhetherspendingmoretimelearninghowwe“do”science––thescientificmethod––ismorevaluablethansimplymakingchildrenmemorizescientific“facts”.Afterall,scienceisn’tacollectionoffactsabouttheworld.That’sjustcalled“knowledge”.Rather,scienceisaprocessofthinkingandmakingsenseoftheworld,whichwillthenleadtonewknowledge.We’veoftenhearditsaidthatweshouldbeteachingchildrennotwhattothinkbuthowtothink.However,schoolsnowspendsomuchofthesciencesubjectloadingupchildren’sbrainswith“knowledge”.Surely,everyoneneedsabasicscientificunderstanding.Weallneedtoknowsomescience:factsabouttheworldtohelpusmakeinformeddecisionsaboutimportantissuesthatfaceusallinoureverydaylives,fromtherisksofsmokingtothebenefitsofexercisingorwhyrecyclingourwasteisgoodfortheplanet.Yetwhatseemstobemissingtodayisanunderstandingofthewaywegainthisscientificunderstandingoftheworld.Nowadays,socialmediahasplayedasignificantroleinspreadinginformation.However,manypeopleuseitasamediumforspreadingdisinformationorharmfulopinions.Butsocialmediahasonlyenlargedthesocietalproblemthathasbeenwithus.Ontopofthis,ourattentionspans(时长)arenaturallygettingshorter,andwedon’ttakethetimetoquestionourviews,oraskwhethertheinformationwearegettingisreliable.Thisiswherethinkingscientificallycanhelp.Adoptingsomeofthewaysthatgoodscienceispracticedcanhelpustocriticallyassesswhatwebelieve,questionourownviewsbeforeweattackviewswedon’tlike,andsoon.Thisisexactlywhyweshouldbeteachingmoreofscientificmethodsinschools.Thisremarkablewayofseeing,thinkingandknowing,isoneofhumankind’sgreatrichesandthebirthrightofeveryone.And,mostwonderfully,itonlygrowsinqualityandvaluethemorewidelyitisshared.8.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Theteachingtopicsofthesciencesubject.B.Students’interestinthesciencesubject.C.Theteachingcontentofthesciencesubject.D.Thelackofemphasisonscienceinschools.9.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theapplicationofscienceindailylives.B.Theunderstandingofscienceindailylives.C.Themethodofknowingscientificfacts.D.Somescientificphenomenaindailylives.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesocietalproblem”inParagraph4referto? A.Thespreadoffalseinformation.B.Themisunderstandingofscience.C.Thepopularityofsocialmedia.D.Thenegativeimpactofsocialmedia.11.Whatcanstudentsgetfromlearningscientificmethods?A.Improvedattentioninclass.B.Growinginterestinscience.C.Thedeeperunderstandingofscience.D.Theabilitytothinkcritically.【答案】8.C9.B10.A11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述的是教师应该教学生科学方法而不是简单地灌输科学知识。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“I’mwonderingwhetherspendingmoretimelearninghowwe“do”science––thescientificmethod––ismorevaluablethansimplymakingchildrenmemorizescientific“facts”.”（我想知道花更多的时间学习我们如何“做”科学——科学方法——是否比简单地让孩子记住科学“事实”更有价值。）可知，作者关心的是科学学科的教学内容。故选C项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Surely,everyoneneedsabasicscientificunderstanding.Weallneedtoknowsomescience:factsabouttheworldtohelpusmakeinformeddecisionsaboutimportantissuesthatfaceusallinoureverydaylives,fromtherisksofsmokingtothebenefitsofexercisingorwhyrecyclingourwasteisgoodfortheplanet.”（当然，每个人都需要基本的科学认识。我们都需要了解一些科学：关于世界的事实，以帮助我们就日常生活中面临的重要问题做出明智的决定，从吸烟的风险到锻炼的好处，或者为什么回收我们的废物对地球有益。）可知，第三段的主要讲述是日常生活中对科学的理解。故选B项。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段“Nowadays,socialmediahasplayedasignificantroleinspreadinginformation.However,manypeopleuseitasamediumforspreadingdisinformationorharmfulopinions.（如今，社交媒体在传播信息方面发挥了重要作用。然而，许多人将其作为传播虚假信息或有害意见的媒介。）可知，许多人将社交媒体作为传播虚假信息或有害意见的媒介。推断出在这种情况下社交媒体会扩大我们面临的社会问题就是虚假信息的传播，划线部分的“社会问题”和A项“虚假信息的传播”指代相同。故选A项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Thisiswherethinkingscientificallycanhelp.Adoptingsomeofthewaysthatgoodscienceispracticedcanhelpustocriticallyassesswhatwebelieve,questionourownviewsbeforeweattackviewswedon’tlike,andsoon.”（这就是科学思考的帮助所在。采用一些好的实践科学的方法可以帮助我们批判性地评估我们的信仰，在攻击我们不喜欢的观点之前质疑我们自己的观点，等等。）可知，学生能从学习 科学方法中得到批判性的思考能力。故选D项。DInordertohelpdiscoverspoilageandreducefoodwasteforsupermarketsandconsumers,researchershavedevelopednewlow-cost,smartphone-linked,eco-friendlyspoilagesensorsformeatandfishpackaging.OneinthreeUKconsumersthrowawayfoodjustbecauseitreachestheuse-bydate,but60%ofthe£12.5billion-worthoffoodwethrowawayeachyearissafetoeat.TheresearcherswhosefindingswerepublishedinACSSensors,saythesensorscouldalsoeventuallyreplacetheuse-bydate—awidelyusedindicatorofbeingfreshandeatable.ThesensorscosttwoUScentseachtomake.Knownas“paper-basedelectricalgassensors(PEGS)”,theydetectspoilagegaseslikeammonia(apoisonousgaswithastrongunpleasantsmell)inmeatandfishproducts.Theinformationprovidedbytheelectronicnoseisreceivedbyasmartphone,andthenyoucanknowwhetherthefoodisfreshandsafetoeat.TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhodevelopedPEGSmadethesensorsbyprintingcarbonelectrodesontoaspecialtypeofpaper.Thematerialsareeco-friendlyandharmless,sotheydon’tdamagetheenvironmentandaresafetouseinfoodpackaging.Thesensors,combinedwithatinyelectronicsystem,theninformnearbymobiledevices,whichidentifyandunderstandthedataaboutspoilagegases.LeadauthorDrFiratGuderofImperial’sDepartmentofBioengineering,said,“Althoughthey’redesignedtokeepussafe,use-bydatescanleadtoeatablefoodbeingthrownaway.Theydon’talwaysreflectitsactualfreshness.Infact,peopleoftengetsickfromfood-bornediseasesduetopoorstorage,evenwhenanitemiswithinitsuse-bydate.”“Thesesensorsarecheapenoughsowehopetoseesupermarketsusingthemwithinthreeyears.OurgoalistousePEGSinfoodpackagingtoreduceunnecessaryfoodwaste.”TheauthorshopethatPEGScouldhaveapplicationsbeyondfoodprocessing,likesensingchemicalsinagriculture,airquality,anddetectingdiseasemarkersinbreathlikethoseinvolvedinkidneydisease.12.WhatisthefunctionofPEGSaccordingtothetext?A.Toimprovethetasteoffoods.B.Toimprovetheserviceofstores.CTohelpsupermarketsstorefoods.D.Tohelppeopletestfoodfreshness.13.WhatroledoesthesmartphoneplaywhilePEGSarefunctioning?A.Itactsasanelectronicnose.B.ItreadsthedatacollectedbyPEGS.C.Ithelpsprintthegassensorsontopaper.D.Itdiscoversthespoilagegasesfromfoods. 14.WhatdoesDr.FiratGudersayaboutuse-bydates?A.Theyarenotcompletelyreliable.B.Theycanhelpreducefoodwaste.C.Theyarebasedonscientificresearch.D.Theyarenotacceptedbytheconsumers.15.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthetext?A.Theprocessofresearchingspoilagesensors.B.Anewtechnologyinpackagingtoreducefoodwaste.C.Theapplicationofspoilagesensorsbeyondfoodprocessing.D.Theinfluenceofuse-bydatesonsupermarketsandconsumers.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可以减少食物浪费的新技术，名为“纸质电气气体传感器（PEGS）”。介绍了这种技术的工作方式以及人们对此技术未来应用领域的看法。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“ThesensorscosttwoUScentseachtomake.Knownas“paper-basedelectricalgassensors(PEGS)”,theydetectspoilagegaseslikeammonia(apoisonousgaswithastrongunpleasantsmell)inmeatandfishproducts.Theinformationprovidedbytheelectronicnoseisreceivedbyasmartphone,andthenyoucanknowwhetherthefoodisfreshandsafetoeat.(每个传感器的制造成本为2美分。它们被称为“纸质电气气体传感器（PEGS）”，可以检测出肉类和鱼类产品中的氨气（一种有强烈难闻气味的有毒气体）等腐败气体。电子鼻子提供的信息被智能手机接收，然后你就可以知道食物是否新鲜和安全的食用)”可知，PEGS的功能是帮助人们检测食物的新鲜度。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“Thesensors,combinedwithatinyelectronicsystem,theninformnearbymobiledevices,whichidentifyandunderstandthedataaboutspoilagegases.(这些传感器与一个微型电子系统结合，然后通知附近的移动设备，这些移动设备可以识别并了解有关变质气体的数据)”可知，当PEGS运行时，智能手机的作用是读取PEGS收集的数据。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“LeadauthorDrFiratGuderofImperial’sDepartmentofBioengineering,said,“Althoughthey’redesignedtokeepussafe,use-bydatescanleadtoeatablefoodbeingthrownaway.Theydon’talwaysreflectitsactualfreshness.Infact,peopleoftengetsickfromfood-bornediseasesduetopoorstorage,evenwhenanitemiswithinitsuse-bydate.”(帝国理工大学生物工程系的第一作者FiratGuder博士说：“尽管保质期是为了保护我们的安全，但它可能导致可食用的食物被扔掉。它们并不总是反映它的实际新鲜度。事实 上，人们经常会因为储存不当而患上食源性疾病，即使是在保质期内。”)”可推知，FiratGuder博士认为保质期不是完全可靠的。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Inordertohelpdiscoverspoilageandreducefoodwasteforsupermarketsandconsumers,researchershavedevelopednewlow-cost,smartphone-linked,eco-friendlyspoilagesensorsformeatandfishpackaging.(为了帮助超市和消费者发现食物的腐败现象，减少食物浪费，研究人员开发了一种新型低成本、智能手机连接、环保的腐败传感器，用于肉类和鱼类的包装)”结合文章主要介绍了一种可以减少食物浪费的新技术，名为“纸质电气气体传感器（PEGS）”。介绍了这种技术的工作方式以及人们对此技术未来应用领域的看法。可知，作者在文中主要谈到了减少食物浪费的包装新技术。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，共12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。U.N.ReportWarnsNatureCrisisAnewU.N.reportfocusesonthenegativeeffectsofhumanactivityonnature.Itsaysonemillionplantandanimalspeciesonland,intheseasandintheskyarenowindangerofextinction.The1,800-pagereporttookthreeyearstofinish.___16___TheEarthhasalwayssufferedfromhumanactivity,itsays.However,thesescratches(划伤)havebecomedeepscars(伤疤)overthepast50years.Speciesaregoingtoextinctseveralhundredtimesfasterthantheaveragerateduringthepasttenmillionyears.It’ssomethingthathasneverhappenedbeforeinhumanhistory.___17___Since1970,thehumanpopulationhasdoubled.Theglobaleconomyhasgrownbyfourtimes.Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.___18___Furthermore,hunting,overfishingandpollutionhavealsobeenkillingspeciesingreatnumbers.Theproblemcanbefixed,thereportsays.___19___Theamountoflandandseathatisunderprotectionneedstoincreaserapidly.ThereportsuggestsgovernmentsmoveawayfromusingGDPasakeymeasureofdevelopment.Long-termeffectsmustbeconsidered,too.ProfessorEduardoBrondizioofIndianaUniversityisanauthorofthereport.Hesays,“Weallknowwhatneedstobedone.Theknowledgeisthere.___20___”A.However,thisrequiresmanychanges.B.Over120wildlifespeciesarefacingextinction.C.Onlyexpertsknowhowtoaddresstheproblem.D.Thereportlistedseveralcausesforthesituation.E.Therejustneedstobeagreaterwilltotakeaction. F.Itdrawsontheworkof450scientistsfromdozensofcountries.G.Between1980and2000,onemillionsquarekilometersoftropical(热带的)forestwerelost.【答案】16.F17.D18.G19.A20.E【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了一份新的聚焦于人类活动对自然的负面影响的联合国报告：海陆空的100万种植物和动物因为人类活动而正面临灭绝的危险，问题可以解决，但是要真正付之于行动。【16题详解】上文“The1,800-pagereporttookthreeyearstofinish.(这份1800页的报告花了三年时间才完成)”说明联合国报告花费了很长时间，F项中It指代上文中的报告，F项“它借鉴了来自数十个国家的450名科学家的成果。”进一步说明这份报告借鉴了很多人的工作成果，承接上文，符合题意。故选F。【17题详解】下文“Since1970,thehumanpopulationhasdoubled.Theglobaleconomyhasgrownbyfourtimes.Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.(自1970年以来，人口增加了一倍。全球经济增长了四倍。为了给这个快速变化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量，许多森林被砍伐了)”说明造成物种灭绝速度增长的原因，D项“报告列出了造成这种情况的几个原因。”引出下文，符合题意。故选D。【18题详解】上文“Tofeed,clotheandgiveenergytothisfast-changingworld,lotsofforestshavebeencutdown.(为了给这个快速变化的世界提供食物、衣服和能量，许多森林被砍伐了)”说明许多森林被砍伐，G项“1980年至2000年间，100万平方公里的热带森林消失。”说明了森林砍伐的结果，承接上文，符合题意。故选G。【19题详解】上文“Theproblemcanbefixed,thereportsays.(报告称，这个问题是可以解决的)”说明这一问题可以解决，以及下文“Theamountoflandandseathatisunderprotectionneedstoincreaserapidly.(受保护的陆地和海洋数量需要迅速增加)”说明解决问题需要做出的改变，A项“然而，这需要许多改变。”承上启下，符合题意，其中“this”代指上文“Theproblemcanbefixed”。故选A。【20题详解】上文“Weallknowwhatneedstobedone.Theknowledgeisthere.(我们都知道需要做什么。知识就在那里)”说明大家都知道应该采取什么行动，E项“只需要有更大的意愿来采取行动。”说明EduardoBrondizio希望大家更愿意采取行动，承接上文，符合题意。故选E。第三部分：语言运用(共两节;满分30分)第一节：(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D中四个选项选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenJennywasridingabiketothelocalWildlifeCenterlastDecember,shewasscheduledtogobird-watching.Justamileintoherwalk,shesawafemale____21____nearthewater’sedge.Jennyhadworkedatawildbirdrehabilitation(康复)centerand____22____thatswanscanbeaggressive.Butassheapproachedthisone,itdidn’t____23____.Shewascertainthatthebirdneeded____24____attention.Jennyputherjacketoverthebird’sheadtokeepitcalm,____25____pickeditupandhelditinherarms.Andthenathought____26____:WhatshouldIdonow?Herbest____27____wastherehabcenter,butthatwasontheothersideoftown.Howwasshegoingto____28____a17-poundswanonherbikeallthatway.Luckily,some____29____drivingbyofferedher,herbikeandtheswana(n)____30____totherehabcenter.Staffmembersattherehabcenter____31____thattheswanmighthavelead(铅)poisoning.Theygottheswanbackuponherfeet.____32____,theswanhadabacterialinfection.TwomonthsafterJennycametoher____33____,shepassedaway.It’sa(n)____34____ending,butthestoryshowsjusthowfarpeoplearewillingtogoto____35____animals.21.A.butterflyB.dolphinC.frogD.swan22.A.knewB.revealedC.confirmedD.admitted23.A.leaveB.protestC.moveD.scare24.A.moralB.chemicalC.particularD.medical25.A.intelligentlyB.carefullyC.preciouslyD.bravely26.A.sprangtomindB.cameupwithC.gaverisetoD.putforwardto27.A.strategyB.solutionC.theoryD.support28.A.deliverB.exportC.transportD.harm29.A.strangersB.workersC.nursesD.doctors30.A.accessB.liftC.favorD.attempt31.A.assumedB.illustratedC.informedD.determined32.A.AccidentallyB.GraduallyC.SadlyD.Consequently33.A.rescueB.habitatC.helpD.nest34.A.unexpectedB.naturalC.destructiveD.disappointing35.A.raiseB.trackC.saveD.damage【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.D25.B26.A27.B28.C29.A30.B31.D32.C33.A34.D35.C 【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是主人公拯救一只天鹅的故事，虽然最后天鹅仍然死去了，但这个故事显示了人们在拯救动物方面的努力。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：走了一英里后，她在水边看到了一只雌天鹅。A.butterfly蝴蝶；B.dolphin海豚；C.frog青蛙；D.swan天鹅。根据下文“thatswanscanbeaggressive”可知，她知道天鹅是有攻击性的，由此可知，她在水边看到了一只雌天鹅。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jenny曾在一家野生鸟类康复中心工作，她知道天鹅可能具有攻击性。A.knew了解，知道；B.revealed揭露；C.confirmed确认；D.admitted承认。根据空前“Jennyhadworkedatawildbirdrehabilitation(康复)center”可知，她曾在一家野生鸟类康复中心工作，由此可知，她对野生鸟类有一些了解，知道天鹅可能具有攻击性。故选A。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当她走近这只天鹅时，它一动不动。A.leave离开；B.protest保护；C.move移动；D.scare使害怕。上文“swanscanbeaggressive”提到天鹅可能具有攻击性，再根据句中转折连词“But”可知，本以为天鹅可能具有攻击性，但这次当她靠近时，天鹅却没有移动。故选C。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她确信这只鸟需要医疗护理。A.moral道德的；B.chemical化学的；C.particular特定的；D.medical医疗的。根据下文“Jennyputherjacketoverthebird’sheadtokeepitcalm”和“theswanmighthavelead(铅)poisoning”可知，她把夹克放在鸟的头上，让它保持冷静，并且下文提到这只天鹅是铅中毒，由此可知，她确信这只鸟需要医疗护理。故选D。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Jenny把外套套在天鹅的头上，让它保持冷静，然后小心翼翼地把它抱起来。A.intelligently聪明地；B.carefully小心地；C.preciously昂贵地；D.bravely勇敢地。根据下文“theswanmighthavelead(铅)poisoning”可知，她是小心翼翼地把它抱起来，怕弄伤它。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这时一个念头突然出现在我的脑海里：我现在该怎么办？A.sprangtomind立刻想到；B.cameupwith提出；C.gaveriseto引起；D.putforwardto提出。根据后文“WhatshouldIdonow?”指脑海里出现一个念头，应用springtomind。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她最好的解决办法是去康复中心，但那是在镇的另一边。A.strategy策略；B. solution解决方案；C.theory理论；D.support支持。根据上文“itdidn’t__3__.Shewascertainthatthebirdneeded____4__attention”可知，天鹅的健康状况不好，由此可知，去康复中心是这种情况下最好的解决办法。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她是怎么用自行车把一只17磅重的天鹅运到那么远的地方。A.deliver递送；B.export出口；C.transport运输；D.harm有害。根据后文“a17-poundswanonherbikeallthatway”指用自行车运输天鹅，故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一些路过的陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车去康复中心。A.strangers陌生人；B.workers工人；C.nurses护士；D.doctors医生。根据上文内容和句中“drivingby”可知，她是独自一人去野生动物保护区的，由此可知，是路过的陌生人给予她帮助。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，一些路过的陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车去康复中心。A.access通道；B.lift搭便车；C.favor帮助；D.attempt尝试。根据句中“drivingby”可知，陌生人是开车行驶的，由此可知，陌生人让她、她的自行车和天鹅搭便车去了康复中心，“offer……alift”意为“让……搭便车”。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：康复中心的工作人员确定天鹅可能是铅中毒。A.assumed认为；B.illustrated说明；C.informed通知；D.determined确定。根据句中“leadpoisoning”可知，句中指康复中心的工作人员经过检查，确定天鹅可能是铅中毒。故选D。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，天鹅受到了细菌感染。A.Accidentally意外地；B.Gradually逐渐地；C.Sadly不幸地；D.Consequently结果。根据句中“theswanhadabacterialinfection”和下文“shepassedaway”可知，天鹅受到了细菌感染，死去了，由此可知，这是不幸的。故选C。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Jenny救了她两个月后，她去世了。A.rescue救援；B.habitat栖息地；C.help帮助；D.nest巢穴。根据上文“Crystalputherjacketoverthebird’sheadtokeepitcalm,__5__pickeditupandhelditinherarms”可知，是Jenny救了天鹅，由此可知，句中指在Jenny救了天鹅两个月后，天鹅去世了，“cometoone’srescue”意为“救某人”。故选A。【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个令人失望的结局，但这个故事表明了人们愿意为拯救动物而付出多大的努力。A.unexpected意外的；B.natural自然的；C.destructive破坏性的；D.disappointing令人失望的。根据上文“theswanhadabacterialinfection”和“shepassedaway”可知，天鹅受到了细菌感染，死去了，由此可知，这是一个令人失望的结局。故选D。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个令人失望的结局，但这个故事表明了人们愿意为拯救动物而付出多大的努力。A.raise抚养；B.track追踪；C.save拯救；D.damage破坏。根据上文“transporta17-poundswanonherbikeallthatway”和“Jennycametoher__13___”可知，文章主要讲述的是主人公拯救一只天鹅的故事，由此可知，这个故事表明了人们愿意为拯救动物而付出多大的努力。故选C。第二节:(共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Atotalof16ChineseandItalianvolunteersworeHanfutoparticipateinacarnival(狂欢)inthecityVenice.Cheerfully,theysucceededintheirattempt____36____(represent)thebeautyofChineseclothing.DirectlytransportedfromtheSuzhouSilkMuseum,theclothingwasthemedofHan,Tang,SongandMingdynastiesrespectively.InthiswayChineseculturecouldbebrought____37____(close)tomoreforeignersthanshownonTV.Hanfuhasahistory____38____datesbacktomorethanfourthousandyears.Accordingtolegend,theChineseclothingismadebytheYellowEmperor.Overthefollowingthousandsofyears,thestyleofHanfuchangedintodifferent____39____(variety)ofthecustomsineachdynasty,but____40____(it)basicformhasnotchangedmuch.Onemajorfeatureofitiskuanpaodaxiu,meaningclosedfull-bodygarmentwithwideandloosesleeves,thus____41____(create)afree,flowingandelegantimpression.Clothingis____42____importantcarrierofculturalheritage,andHanfufullyembodiesChinesecharacteristicsincludinggentle,comfortable,elegantandcalmpersonalities.Inrecentyears,people’senthusiasmfortraditionalculture____43____(rise),andtheincreaseoftheinheritanceofChineseclothingculturehasalsoarisen.WearingHanfuinatriporinapartyhasbecomeanewtrendamongyoungpeople.TherevivalofHanfuisanew____44____(explore)ofthebeautyofChineseclothingbycontemporarypeople,_____45_____alsorepresentsthenewrecognitionofthevalueoftraditionalculturebytheyoungergeneration.【答案】36.torepresent37.closer38.that##which39.varieties40.its41.creating42.an43.hasrisen/hasbeenrising 44.exploration45.and【解析】【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉服的复兴及其影响。【36题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：他们兴高采烈地成功展示了中国服装之美。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“succeeded”，故空处需填非谓语动词形式，attempttodosth表示“做某事的尝试”，用动词不定式作后置定语。故填torepresent。【37题详解】考查副词比较级。句意：通过这种方式，中国文化可以比电视上展示的更贴近外国人。根据“couldbebrought”及“thanshownonTV”可知，空处需填副词比较级修饰动词，close作副词，表示“接近地”符合句意。故填closer。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：汉服的历史可以追溯到4000多年前。分析题干可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺主语，先行词是“history”，故用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。故填that或which。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：在接下来的几千年里，汉服的风格在每个朝代变成了不同的习俗，但其基本形式并没有太大的变化。variety为可数名词，根据“different”可知，空处需填名词复数。故填varieties。【40题详解】考查代词。句意：在接下来的几千年里，汉服的风格在每个朝代变成了不同的习俗，但其基本形式并没有太大的变化。分析句子结构可知，此处位于名词form之前，修饰名词，因此需要用形容词性物主代词。故填its。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它的一个主要特点是宽袍大秀，即封闭的全身服装，袖子宽大而宽松，从而给人一种自由、飘逸、优雅的印象。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此需要填入非谓语动词，动词与逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，因此填入现在分词，作结果状语。故填creating。【42题详解】考查冠词。句意：服装是文化传承的重要载体，汉服充分体现了温柔、舒适、优雅、沉稳的中国特色。根据“importantcarrier”可知，空处需要填冠词，泛指“一个重要载体”故用不定冠词，“important”以元音音素开头，故填an。【43题详解】 考查时态。句意：近年来，人们对传统文化的热情高涨，中国服饰文化的传承也随之兴起。分析句子结构可知，空处需填谓语动词，时间状语是“Inrecentyears”故用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性，主语是“people’senthusiasm”，故谓语动词用单数。故填hasrisen或hasbeenrising。【44题详解】考查名词。句意：汉服的复兴是当代人对中国服饰美的新探索，也代表着年轻一代对传统文化价值的新认识。根据“anew”可知，空处需填单数名词，explore是动词，表示“探索”，名词是exploration。故填exploration。【45题详解】考查连词。句意：句意：汉服的复兴是当代人对中国服饰美的新探索，也代表着年轻一代对传统文化价值的新认识。分析句字结构可知，“isanew____9____(explore)ofthebeautyofChineseclothingbycontemporarypeople”和“alsorepresentsthenewrecognitionofthevalueoftraditionalculturebytheyoungergeneration”是并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节﹙满分15分﹚46.假定你是李华，上周末去乡村参加了为期一天的环保宣传活动。请给笔友Mike写一封信，介绍这次活动。内容包括：1参加人员；2.活动内容；3.你的感受。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearMike,I’mhappytosharemyvoluntaryexperiencewithyou.LastSundayourclassorganizedanenvironmentalprotectionactivityinthecountryside.Allthestudentsandteachersinourschooltookpartinit.Wewenttoavillage calledYongxingVillage,whereweworkedintwogroups.Thefirstgroupcollectedtherubbishandthesecondgroupdistributedleaflets.Besides,wegaveaspeechon“whitepollution”relatedtotheenvironmentalprotection.Forthesakeofpeople’shealthandhappiness,allofusshouldplayaroleinprotectingtheenvironment.Haveyoudoneanyvoluntaryworkrecently?Lookingforwardtoyoursharing.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，上周末去乡村参加了为期一天的环保宣传活动。请给笔友Mike写一封信，介绍这次活动。【详解】1.词汇积累活动：activity→campaign参加：takepartin→participatein高兴的：happy→delighted演讲：speech→lecture2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：Haveyoudoneanyvoluntaryworkrecently?Lookingforwardtoyoursharing.拓展句：Ifyouhavedonesomevoluntaryworksrecently,Iamlookingforwardtoyoursharing.【点睛】[高分句型1]WewenttoavillagecalledYongxingVillage,whereweworkedintwogroups.(运用了where引导非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]Besides,wegaveaspeechon“whitepollution”relatedtotheenvironmentalprotection.(运用了过去分词作定语)第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。“IsthisallIgot?”askedmydaughter,Allison.“Iaskedforanewcellphone!”“Whatkindofbirthdayisthis?”askedmyson,Blake.BlakeandAllisonaretwins.Everyyear,Igavethembirthdaypresents.Buttheyalwaysfeltunhappyaboutnotreceivingsomethingontheirwishlist.IknewIhadsomewhatspoiled(宠坏)them,butIhadnoideaitwasthisbad.Iwasinshock.Howself-centeredandunappreciativecouldmychildrenbe?Iwasdeterminedtodosomething. Ifoundafamilylivingonafarmthatbadlyneededhelp.Therewerefourchildreninthefamilyagedfromthreetoeight.Ibegantovisitthemeverytwomonths.Soon,AllisonandBlake’sbirthdaywasdrawingnear.Idecidedtointroducethemtothenewfriends.Oneday,Iwokethekidsearlyanddrovethemtothefarm.Whenwearrived,Itoldmychildrentotaketwobagsoffthecar,ofwhichonewasfilledwithfoodandtheotherwithmanyboxesfullofpresentsmychildrenwouldneverbesatisfiedwith.Wewerewelcomedinsidewithsmilesandappreciation.Obviously,AlisonandBlakewereshockedbywhattheysaw.Icouldguesstheyhadneverexpectedpeoplewouldlivesuchadifficultlife.“Look!Presentsforyou.”Allisonwastryingtomakethekidshappier.Withtheirparents’permission(允许),thekidsbegantopicktheboxesup,shakethem,andguesswhatwasinside.Theyweresoexcited.AllisonandBlakeencouragedthekidstoopentheboxes.Theydid.Andtherewereshoutsofsurpriseandjoy:amodelcar,chocolate…thenlaughter.Thengratefulhugs(拥抱)andsincere“thank-yous”.AtfirstAlisonandBlakelookedconfusedbutsoonjoinedthechildren.Beforelong,theywerelaughing,too,proudthattheybroughthappinessthere.Onthewayhome,AlisonandBlakewerealittlequiet.Whenitwastimetogotobedthatday,mykidshuggedmeandsaid,“Thankyou,Mum.”注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Thenextyearwiththeirbirthdaynearing,IaskedAlisonandBlakewhatpresentstheywanted._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Iagreedandofferedtodrivethemtothefarm.____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】[参考范文]Thenextyear,withtheirbirthdaynearing,IaskedAlisonandBlakewhatpresentstheywanted.AlisonandBlakeexchangedaglanceandsaid,“Mum,wewantsomethingspecialthistime.”Theyaskedformypermissiontoshopthepresentsthemselves.Strangeasitsounded,Inodded.Soonthatspecialday,wevisitedthesupermarkettogether.Tomysurprise,theychoseitemsIhadneverexpected：shoes,gloves,pens…Isensedsomethingunusual.Witheverythingready,Alisonaskedwhethertheycouldcelebratetheirbirthdaywithournewfriendstogether.Iagreedandofferedtodrivethemtothefarm.Iremindedthemtocalltheirfriendsfirst.Afterthatweheadedforourdestination.Themomentwearrived,thewholefamilyrushedtomeetus.Mychildrengotallthebagsintothehouse,openedthem,andunfoldedallthegifts.ItwasthenthatourfriendslearnedallAlisonandBlakebroughtweregiftsforthem.Seeingthevariousgifts,theyweremovedtotears.Irealizedmychildrenwouldneverbeselfishandunappreciativeagain.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者发现自己的孩子们不懂得感恩，于是作者带着他们一起为急需帮助的一家人送去了礼物，作者的孩子们也由此不再自私，懂得感恩。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“第二年，Alison和Blake的生日临近，我问他们想要什么礼物。”以及第二段首句“我同意了，并提出开车送他们去农场。”可知，第一段可描写孩子们说出了自己想要的礼物并要再次前往农场。②由第二段首句内容“我同意了，并提出开车送他们去农场。”可知，第二段可描写孩子们为农场里的孩子们准备了礼物，自己也发生了改变。2.续写线索：不满足——送礼物——明白——变化——帮助3.词汇激活行为类①请求得到：askfor/require/begfor②感觉：sense/feel③前往：headfor/leavefor情绪类①惊讶：toone’ssurprise/surprisedly ②感动：moved/touched【点睛】【高分句型1】Strangeasitsounded,Inodded.（运用了as引导的让步状语从句）【高分句型2】Witheverythingready,Alisonaskedwhethertheycouldcelebratetheirbirthdaywithournewfriendstogether.（运用了whether引导的宾语从句）听力答案：1~5CABCA6~10CABAA11~15BCCBA16~20CAABC