重庆四川外国语大学附属外国语学校2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中考试试题（Word版附解析）

重庆外国语学校2022-2023学年度（下）高2025届期中考试英语试题第I卷选择题（共95分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.What’sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthemanandJenny?A.Schoolmates.B.Husbandandwife.C.Neighbors.2.Whatdoesthemantrytopersuadethewomantodo?A.Pickupabargain.B.Tryonthesunglasses.C.Giveupbuyingthesunglasses.3.Whatdoesthewoman’soldhouselooklikenow?A.Ithasmoreparkingroom.B.Ithastreesinfrontofit.C.Ithasanewgarage.4.Wheredidthewomanfinishedherjourney?A.England.B.France.C.Germany.5.Whatistheweatherlikeatpresent?A.Sunny.B.Snowy.C.Rainy.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatcolorwillthewomanprobablypaintthewalls?A.Lightyellow.B.Lightgreen.C.White.7.Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Paintherroom.B.Changeherdesk.C.Buyamirror.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthewoman’sproblem?A.Shefeelspain.B.Shehasblueskin.C.Shehasredskin.9.Whenwillthewomangototheclinic?A.OnTuesday.B.OnWednesday.C.OnFriday. 10.Whichdoctorwillthewomansee?A.Dr.Smith.B.Dr.Green.C.Dr.Jones.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howdidthemandealwithhisfear?A.Bywalking.B.Byshouting.C.Bysinging.12.Whatdidthewomandoontherainstormnight?A.Shestayedunderherbed.B.Shehidinthecorner.C.Shelayinbed.13.Whathappenedtothewomanwhenshejumpedup?A.Shefelldown.B.Shehitherhead.C.Sheforgottherainstorm.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Wherewillthetwospeakershavedinner?A.InanAmericanrestaurant.B.InanEnglishrestaurant.C.InaDutchrestaurant.15.Whowillpayforthedinner?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.Bothofthetwospeakers.16.Whatmightthewomanbe?A.AnEnglishlearner.B.Arestaurantwaiter.C.Afitnessinstructor.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Howdoesthemangotoschool?A.Bybike.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.18.What’stheman’sfavoriteclass?A.Spanish.B.Math.C.Science.19.What’stheweatherliketoday?A.Cool.B.Cold.C.Hot.20.What’sthespeaker’sfavoritesport?A.Basketball.B.Soccer.C.Volleyball.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AExplorehowLondon’sgrowth,cultureandsocietyhavebeenintertwined(交织)withitstransportsystem,from1800totoday.WhatistheretoseeattheLondonTransportMuseum?FollowtheevolutionoftheredLondonbus,seetheworld’sfirstundergroundsteamtrainandexamineatraincarriagedatingbacktothe1890s.DesignloverscanmarvelattheDesignforTravelgallery,includingpioneeringadvertisingpostersand artworks.SpotHarryBeck’soriginaldesignforhisground-breakingLondonundergroundmap.Gethands-onatinteractivegalleries,whereyoucanstepaboardrealbusesandtrainsandhaveagoonaTubedrivingsimulator(模拟器).HowcanIbooktickets?Ticketsmustbebookedinadvance–bookLondonTransportMuseumticketsnow.Howlongdoesittaketowalkaroundthemuseum?Withsomanyfascinatingexhibits,youcaneasilyspendatleasttwohourswalkingaroundtheLondonTransportMuseum.WhereistheLondonTransportMuseum?TheLondonTransportMuseumisinCoventGardenPiazza,directlyoppositethemainCoventGardenMarketbuilding.Howtogetthere?YoucanwalkfromthenearesttubestationCoventGardentotheLondonTransportMuseumwhichtakesonlytwominutes.LeicesterSquare,Holborn,CharingCrossrailwaystationandEmbankmentareallwithin10minutes’walk.BusstopsontheStrandandAldwychareathree-minutewalkawayfromtheLondonTransportMuseum.ThereareSantanderCyclesdockingpointsatSouthamptonStreetandBowStreet,bothathree-minutewalkfromthemuseum.Childticket(0－17):FreeAdultticket:£18.50Seniorticket(60+):£17.001.WhatdoweknowabouttheLondonTransportMuseum?A.Itrequiresadvancebooking.B.ItwasdesignedbyHarryBeck.C.Itprovidesatraindesignexperience.D.ItisintheCoventGardenMarketbuilding.2.Whichplaceistheclosesttothemuseum?A.ThebusstopontheStrand.B.CharingCrossRailwayStation.C.CoventGardenUndergroundStation. DTheSantanderCyclesdockingpointatBowStreet.3.HowmuchshouldMikepayifhetakeshis12-year-oldsonand65-year-oldparentstothemuseum?A.£34.00.B.£35.50.C.£52.50.D.£54.00.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇应用文。介绍了了伦敦的交通博物馆的相关信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章HowcanIbooktickets?部分“Ticketsmustbebookedinadvance–bookLondonTransportMuseumticketsnow.(门票必须提前预定——现在就预定伦敦交通博物馆的门票。)”可知，伦敦交通博物馆的门票必须提前预定，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Howtogetthere?部分“YoucanwalkfromthenearesttubestationCoventGardentotheLondonTransportMuseum,whichtakesonlytwominutes.(你可以从最近的Covent花园地铁站步行到伦敦交通博物馆，只需要两分钟。)”可知，Covent花园地铁站离博物馆最近，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章Howtogetthere?部分“Childticket(0－17):FreeAdultticket:£18.50Seniorticket(60+):£17.00(儿童票（0-17岁）：免费；成人票：18.5英镑；老人票（60岁以上：17英镑）)”可知，Mike需要支付18.5+17*2=52.5英镑，故选C。BInthelive-streamingchannelofYangWeiyun,nosingingordancingisperformednorareproductssold.Yangteachespinyin,readingandwriting,somethingthathasbeenmostfamiliartoherforthepast50years.Thedifferenceisherstudentsaremostlyadults.The73-year-oldisanexperiencededucator.ShehadbeenaChineseteacherinanelementaryschoolfor30yearsandakindergartenheadforanother20years.Theriseofshortvideoplatformsgavehertheideaofcontinuinghereducationendeavorsthroughlive-streamingonline.Theretireeopenedherlive-streamingaccountinMay2021andofferedfreepinyincoursesdesignedforkindergartenpupilsabouttoattendprimaryschools.However,shegraduallylearnedamongherviewerstherearealotofilliterate(文盲的)adults.Yangsaidshefoundmanyilliterateadultsdevelopasenseofinferiority.Theyareafraidtogotonewplaces,worriedthattheycouldn’tteachtheirchildrenorreadtheirboss’sinstructions.Sosheaddedtargetedcontenttomeettheirneeds.Manyilliterateadultsdidn’thavethechancetogotoschoolwhentheywereyoung.Theyarethe onesinurgentneedofbecomingliterate.Consideringthatmostoftheadultstudentsarefullyoccupied,Yangholdstwolivestreamsessionseverydaystartingat8:30amand8:30pmrespectively.Herchannelhelpsthosewhowanttoovercomeadultilliteracy.Nowshehasnearly300,000followersontheshortvideoplatformDouyin.ZhangMeiisamongthestudentswhobenefitedfromYang’slivestreamlessons.Shewasbornandraisedinthecountrysideandhadneverbeentoschool.ShewatchesYang’slivestreamingwheneverthereissparetime.NowshecanreadChinesecharactersiftheyaremarkedwithpinyinandknowshowtowritehername.Shealsofoundajob.Studentseachhavetheirowndemands,soYangalwayspreparesherclassescarefullyafterconcludingalivestreamingsession.Shetriestofigureoutwhatwaysthestudentscanlearnandrememberbetter,andherbiggestwishnowistoseethesestudentsgraduatefromherclasses.4.WhatdoweknowaboutYangWeiyunasateacher?A.Sheisreallypassionateaboutsinginganddancing.B.Shemainlyhelpsadultstudentstoreadandwrite.C.Sheteacheselementaryschoolstudentsatpresent.D.SheisaddictedtobrowsingtheshortvideoplatformDouyin.5.WhydoesYangholdtwolivestreamsessionseveryday?A.Becausemostadultshavedifficultymakingtimetoattendthelessons.B.Becauseherfollowersmakearequestforasmanycoursesaspossible.C.BecauseYanglongsforinstantfameandovernightsuccessthroughDouyin.D.Becauseitisconsideredtheonlywaytoovercomeadultilliteracy.6.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeYangWeiyun?A.Independentandgenerous.B.Strong-willedandgrateful.C.Hardworkingandtalented.D.Helpfulandconsiderate.7.What’sthemainideaofthistext?A.Abloggeroffersfreepinyincoursesdesignedforkindergartenpupils.B.Anelderlywomanteachesadultsstrategiesonjobhunting.C.Aretiredteacherhelpsilliterateadultsvialivestreaming.D.Anexperiencededucatoraddedtargetedcontenttomeetstudents’needs.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要讲述了年过七旬退休教师杨维云在网上直播课堂免费教授成年人拼音的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Yangteachespinyin,readingandwriting,somethingthathasbeenmostfamiliartoherforthepast50years.Thedifferenceisherstudentsaremostlyadults.(杨教拼音，读和写，这些都是在过去的50年里，她很熟悉的。不同的是，她的学生大多数都是成年人)”可知，作为老师，杨维云主要教成年人读和写，故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Consideringthatmostoftheadultstudentsarefullyoccupied,Yangholdstwolivestreamsessionseverydaystartingat8:30amand8:30pmrespectively.(考虑到大多数成年人很忙，因此她分别在上午8:30和晚上8:30开两场直播课)”可知，她每天开两场直播的原因是考虑到成年人很忙，害怕他们没有时间课，故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题，根据文章第四段“Consideringthatmostoftheadultstudentsarefullyoccupied,Yangholdstwolivestreamsessionseverydaystartingat8:30amand8:30pmrespectively.Herchannelhelpsthosewhowanttoovercomeadultilliteracy.(考虑到大多数成年人很忙，因此她分别在上午8:30和晚上8:30开两场直播课。她的直播频道帮助了那些想要克服成年文盲的人)”可推知，杨维云是一个考虑周到的人，并对成年人的学习有帮助的人，故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Yangteachespinyin,readingandwriting,somethingthathasbeenmostfamiliartoherforthepast50years.Thedifferenceisherstudentsaremostlyadults.(杨教拼音，读和写，这些都是在过去的50年里，她很熟悉的。不同的是，她的学生大多数都是成年人)”可知，本篇文章主要讲述了年过七旬的退休教师杨维云在网上直播课堂免费教授成年人拼音的故事，故选C。CMotoristsheadingfromParistotheMediterraneanonthehighwaythissummermaybesurprisedbytherapidgrowthofbridge-buildingoverFrance’smainnorth-southroad.Theintendedbeneficiariesaremoreunexpected:hedgehogs,foxes,wildboar,weasels,deerandotherfurryorspikythings.Between2021and2023,19newécoponts,orwildlifebridges,willbebuiltovertheA6andothermotorwaysoperatedbyAPRR,aprivatefirm,atatotalcostofover€80m($86m).ThiswillbringitsnetworkofgreenbridgesinFranceto119.Designedtoreduceroadkillandhelpanimalswandermorefreely,wildlifebridgeshavebecomepopularfrom CanadatoAustralia.InFrancetheyhavealonghistory.APRRbuiltitsfirst,nearFontainebleau,in1960.Earlyversionswererudimentary.Today’smodels,suchastheoneunderconstructiontoconnectforestsnearChagny,inBurgundy,aregrandandadvanced:25metreswide,completewithapondforfrogsandotheramphibians,wooden-fencedsidestoprotectthepassinganimalsfromtheglareofheadlights,andcarefullylaidpilesofrocksandbranchesandlandscapedvegetation.Pedestriansarebanned.Everyyearanestimated29millionmammalsarekilledonroadsinEurope.Itishardtosayhowmanyaresavedbyécoponts.AstudybyVinci,anotherFrenchmotorwaycompany,foundthatbetween2011and2015eachofitsgreenbridgeswasusedeachyearonaverageby1,086reddeer,150wildboar,104roedeer,48foxes,eightbadgers,fourweasels,onehedgehogandonewolf.Smallermammalsandreptilespreferredunderpasses:theycrossedviaeachofitsmotorwaytunnels.Privatemotorwaycompaniesaremakingconsiderableinvestmentsinordertogreentheirreputationsandkeeptheirstate-awardedoperatinglicence.Governmentstoohavebeenbuildingeco-bridges.Swedenisalsoputtingupsuchbridgestohelpmigratingreindeer.Germanyhasbuiltmorethan80wildlifecrossings,whichhavehelpedtoprotectthegreywolf.Greencampaignersapprove,butaddthatfewercarsontheroadswouldbeevenbetter.8.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthegreenbridgesinFrance?A.Theyareintendedforprotectingwildlife.B.Theymakethenorth-southtrafficconvenient.C.Thereareatotalof19suchbridgesacrossthecountry.D.Franceisthefirstcountrytohavetheawarenessofreducingroadkill.9.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordrudimentarymeaninParagraph3?A.Luxurious.B.Complicated.C.Simple.D.Ordinary.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theinvestorsthemselvesarewildanimallovers.B.Privatemotorwaycompaniesareeagertobuildapositiveimage.C.Privatemotorwayfirmsarekeenonmakingcontributionstocharitywork.D.Astate-awardedoperatinglicencecanbeeasilyobtainedbyinvesting.11.Where’sthetextmostprobablyfrom?A.Ascienceessay.B.Atravelbrochure.C.Anonlinediary.D.Anewspaper.【答案】8.A9.C10.B11.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。讲述了法国南北主干道上修建了很多野生动物桥梁，其预期受益者是动物。 【8题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Designedtoreduceroadkillandhelpanimalswandermorefreely,wildlifebridgeshavebecomepopularfromCanadatoAustralia.(野生动物桥的修建旨在减少道路上的死亡，帮助动物更自由地漫步，从加拿大到澳大利亚，野生动物桥都很受欢迎。)”可知，巴黎修建的绿色桥梁是为了保护野生动物，故选A。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据划线词rudimentary后的内容提示“Today’smodels,suchastheoneunderconstructiontoconnectforestsnearChagny,inBurgundy,aregrandandadvanced:25metreswide,completewithapondforfrogsandotheramphibians,wooden-fencedsidestoprotectthepassinganimalsfromtheglareofheadlights,andcarefullylaidpilesofrocksandbranchesandlandscapedvegetation.(如今的都既宏伟又先进：比如说正在修建的连接Chagny附近森林的桥，25米宽，有一个青蛙和两栖动物的池塘，用木栅栏保护过往动物免受前灯的照射，还精心铺设了成堆的延时、树枝和景观植被。)”可知，空后的“grandandadvanced(宏伟的和先进的)”与划线词rudimentary形成对比，因此划线词rudimentary与C项“简单的”意思相近，以前的桥都是简单的，现在的都很先进宏伟，故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Privatemotorwaycompaniesaremakingconsiderableinvestmentsinordertogreentheirreputationsandkeeptheirstate-awardedoperatinglicence.(私人高速公路公司正在进行大量投资，以提高其声誉并保留国家授予的运营许可证。)”可知，私人高速公司想要建立一个好的形象从而进行大量投资，故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“MotoristsheadingfromParistotheMediterraneanonthehighwaythissummermaybesurprisedbytherapidgrowthofbridge-buildingoverFrance’smainnorth-southroad.Theintendedbeneficiariesaremoreunexpected:hedgehogs,foxes,wildboar,weasels,deerandotherfurryorspikythings.(今年夏天，在高速路上从巴黎前往地中海的驾车者可能会对法国南北主干道上桥梁的快速增长感到惊讶。预期的受益者更出人意料：刺猬、狐狸、野猪、黄鼠狼、鹿和其他毛茸茸或尖刺的东西。)”可知，本篇文章主要介绍了为了保护野生动物而修建的野生动物桥，故本篇文章很可能来自于一篇新闻报道，故选D。DTheindustrialrevolutionwasthebiggesttransformationineconomichistory.ForcenturiesscholarshavesoughttounderstandwhythisprocessoccurredinBritainaround1750.Butopinionsvaryandsomeexplanationsarehardtoprove.ResearchersarenowtestingtheoriesbystudyingwhysimilarpartsofBritainindustrializedatdifferentrates.Newpapershaveprovidedevidenceforafewkeyfactors:slave-owners’wealth,businesspersons whostoodtobenefitfrominvesting,andshortagesoflower-skilledworkers.Industrializationrequiresinvestment.Tomeasuretheimpactofavailablewealth,Hans-JoachimVothanalyzedgeographicvariationinownershipofplantations(种植园).ThewealththatBritonsgainedfromslavesinSouthAmericaflowedmainlytoafewcities,suchasLiverpool.Bythe1830stheseregionshadlargenumbersofcottonmillsandsharesofworkersemployedinmanufacturing.Otherfactorscouldhavemadetheseareasbothgatherwealthfromslaveryandindustrializequickly.Butthepapertriestostudyslavery’simpactusingslaveships’voyages.Longjourneys,causedmainlybybadweather,reducedtheshareofthesurvivalofslavesandthustraders’profits.Andamongsimilarareas,shortertripsinthe1830smeantfasterindustrialization.Investorsstillneededtobefinanciallydriventobuymachines.InearlymodernBritain,mosttenantfarmerspaidfixedrents,stoppingbothworkerswhomovedelsewhereandlandlordsfromprofitingfrominvestment.However,in1536－40HenryVIIIendedthemonasteries(修道院)andsoldtheirland.Thebuyerscouldfarmorrentitonmarketterms.AstudybyLeandershowsthatareasonceownedbymonasterieswerethepioneersofindustrialization.Bythe1830stheyhadunusuallylargenumbersofworkersintradesandcrafts,agricultural-machinepatents(专利),textileworkshopsandgrainseparators.Thosemarket-basedfarmscreatedacommercialclassandbecameadrivingforcefortechnologicaladvances.Anotherfactorthathasgainedsupportislabourshortages.Mr.VothstudiedBritain’swarswithFrancein1793－1815,whentherewasaworkforceshortage.Theyfoundthatadoptionofdevicesreplacingmanuallabourwasgreatestinareaswherethemostmenjoinedthearmy.Thestrengthofevidenceforeachofthesecausesimpliesthatindustrializationprobablyrequiredacomplexmixofconditions.Manyimportantfactorsarehardtoteststatistically.Butmeasuringevenafewisapromisingadvance.12.WhatistrueaboutVoth’sstudyaboutslaveownership?A.Liverpoolgrewfatonthebasisoftheslavetrade.B.Slavescouldhardlyfindjobsinmanufacturingindustry.C.Thepartswithmoreslaveswereslowertoindustrialize.D.Longerslaveships’voyagesmeantgreatertraders’profits.13.WhatwastheresultofHenryVIII’sendingthemonasteriesandsellingtheirland?A.Itencouragedagriculturaldevelopment.B.Itpromotedanincreasingmarketeconomy.C.Itcutacrossthelineofraceandreligion.D.Itraisedmoneyfortheindustrialrevolution. 14.WhatmessagedidtheauthorwanttoconveybymentioningBritain’swarswithFrance?A.Manuallaborshouldbehighlyvaluedbythegovernment.B.Socialandpoliticalproblemsmayleadtotheoutbreakofwars.C.Mostmenwerereluctanttojointhearmybecauseoffinancialburdens.D.Modernmachineswereinventedmassivelyduetotheworkforceshortage.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheGeographicVariationintheIndustrialRevolutionBTheRoleSlave-ownersPlayintheIndustrialRevolutionC.CausesoftheIndustrialRevolutionIdentifiedbyNewStudiesD.TheImpactoftheIndustrialRevolutiononBritain’sEconomy【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章就工业革命为什么会在1750年左右发生在英国提出了三个原因：奴隶主的财富、从投资中受益的商人以及低技能工人的短缺。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ThewealththatBritonsgainedfromslavesinSouthAmericaflowedmainlytoafewcities,suchasLiverpool.(英国人从南美洲的奴隶那里获得的财富主要流向了利物浦等少数城市。)”可知，利物浦因为奴隶交易变得富有，故选A。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“However,in1536－40HenryVIIIendedthemonasteries(修道院)andsoldtheirland.Thebuyerscouldfarmorrentitonmarketterms.AstudybyLeandershowsthatareasonceownedbymonasterieswerethepioneersofindustrialization.Bythe1830stheyhadunusuallylargenumbersofworkersintradesandcrafts,agricultural-machinepatents(专利),textileworkshopsandgrainseparators.Thosemarket-basedfarmscreatedacommercialclassandbecameadrivingforcefortechnologicaladvances.(然而，在1536年-1540年亨利八世结束了修道院并卖掉了他们的土地。买家可以按照市场条件耕种或租赁。Leander的一项研究表明，修道院曾经拥有的地区是工业化的先驱。到19世纪30年代，他们在贸易和手工艺、农业机械专利、纺织车间和谷物分离器方面拥有异常多的工人。这些以市场为基础的农场创造了一个商业阶层，并成为技术进步的推动力。)”可知，亨利八世结束修道院并卖掉他们的土地后，就带来了市场，因此推动了市场经济的进步，故选B。【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Anotherfactorthathasgainedsupportislabourshortages.Mr.VothstudiedBritain’swarswithFrancein1793－1815,whentherewasaworkforceshortage.Theyfoundthatadoptionofdevicesreplacingmanuallabourwasgreatestinareaswherethemostmenjoinedthearmy.(获得支持的另一个因素是劳动力短缺。Voth研究了1793年-1815年英国与法国的战争，当时劳动力短缺。他们发现在参军人数最多的地区，采用替代体力劳动的设备最多。)”可知，作者提到英国与法国的战争是为了说明因为劳动力短缺，因此发明了大量现代机器来替代体力劳动力，故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段末“Newpapershaveprovidedevidenceforafewkeyfactors:slave-owners’wealth,businesspersonswhostoodtobenefitfrominvesting,andshortagesoflower-skilledworkers.(新的研究提供了一些新的关键的因素：奴隶主的财富、从投资中受益的商人以及低技能工人的短缺。)”以及后文分别具体讲述了这三个原因可知，本文主要讲述了工业革命为什么会在1750年左右发生在英国的三个原因，故C项“新研究证实的工业革命的原因”符合文章标题，故选C。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FromwritingShakespeare-stylepoetrytomakingmusic,ChatGPThasamazedtheworldsinceitslaunchinlate2022bytheUS-basedcompanyOpenAI.TheAIprogramcananswerquestionsonawholehostoftopics,andwriteessays,storiesandanyotherwrittentextsyoucanthinkof.Itdoesthisbydrawingoninformationcollectedfromalargecorpus(语料库)oftextdata.___16___AsSamAltman,theCEOofOpenAI,saidinaninterviewwithForbes,“it’snotactuallyfundamentallynewtechnologythatmadethis(ChatGPT)haveamoment.”Onebreakthroughbehindtoday’smodelisanetworkcalledTransformer,whichwasinventedbyGoogleresearchersin2017.___17___Transformercanthereforeunderstandthemeaningoftextsmoreaccuratelywiththehelpofthecontext.TheGPTmodelsbuiltbyOpenAIcombinedTransformerwithunguidedlearning.___18___ChatGPTcannowgeneratehuman-likeresponsesinstantlyduetothelargescaleoftextsitlearnedfrom.“OneofthebiggestproblemswithChatGPTisthatitcomesback,veryconfidently,withmistakes,”MichaelWooldridgeattheAlanTuringInstituteinLondon,UK,toldTheGuardian,“becauseitlearnsinformationfromvariousresources.___19___So,atthispoint,ChatGPTdoesn’tknowthetruthabouttheworld,yet.”SomearguethatChatGPTwillbeusedtogeneratefakenews,spreadmisunderstanding,orbeusedforillpurposes.Asforeducation,manyUSschoolsrecentlybannedstudentsfromusingChatGPTonschoolnetworks sincestudentsbegantouseitasashortcutforessaysandresearchprojects.___20___A.WhyisChatGPTsoquestionable?B.WhatmakesChatGPTsoimpressive?C.However,decidingwhatistrueorfalseisanotherstory.D.Longstoryshort,ittakestimetomakeproperuseofthispowerfulAI.E.Thatistosay,themodelscanlearnbythemselveswithoutbeingguided.F.Itcaninferwordmeaningsbytrackingwherethewordappearsinasentence.G.Itcanrefertolimitlessonlinedictionariestoidentifythemeaningoftheword.【答案】16.B17.F18.E19.C20.D【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由美国OpenAI公司推出的ChatGPT可以回答一系列的主题问题，并撰写散文、故事和你能想到的任何其他书面文体。【16题详解】根据空后“AsSamAltman,theCEOofOpenAI,saidinaninterviewwithForbes,“it’snotactuallyfundamentallynewtechnologythatmadethis(ChatGPT)haveamoment.”(正如OpenAI公司的首席执行在一次采访中说道：‘实际上并不是新技术让这项技术（ChatGPT）有了一席之地’。)”可知，空后提出并不是新的技术让ChatGPT有了一席之地，故此处B项“什么让ChatGPT如此的令人印象深刻呢？”符合语境，本空出提出问题，空后用SamAltman在采访中的话回答问题，故选B项。【17题详解】根据空后“Transformercanthereforeunderstandthemeaningoftextsmoreaccuratelywiththehelpofthecontext.(因此，Transformer可以在上下文的帮助下更准确地理解文本的意思。)”可知，空后提出了结果，故F项“通过判断单词出现在句子中的位置来推断单词的意思。”符合，F项说明原因，它可以根据单词在句中的位置来判断其意思，因此能更准确地理解文本的意思，故选F项。【18题详解】根据空前“TheGPTmodelsbuiltbyOpenAIcombinedTransformerwithunguidedlearning.(OpenAI构建的GPT将Transformer与非指导学习相结合。)”可知，E项“也就是说，模型可以在未被指导的情况下自学。”是前文的顺义承接，是对前文的解释说明，OpenAI构建的GPT将Transformer与非指导学习相结合，也就是说模型可以在未被指导的情况下自学，故选E项。【19题详解】根据空后“So,atthispoint,ChatGPTdoesn’tknowthetruthabouttheworld,yet.(因此，在这一点上，ChatGPT还不知道世界的真相。)”可知，空后给出结果，因此它不知道世界的真相，故此处C项“然 而，决定什么是真的，什么是假的又是另一回事了。”符合，因为它无法决定什么是真，什么是假，因此它并不知道世界的真相，故选C项。【20题详解】根据空前“Asforeducation,manyUSschoolsrecentlybannedstudentsfromusingChatGPTonschoolnetworkssincestudentsbegantouseitasashortcutforessaysandresearchprojects.(对于教育，很多美国学校最近禁止学生在学校网络上使用ChatGPT，因为学生开始将它作为论文和研究项目的快捷方式。)”可知，空前提出学校禁止学生使用，是因为学生通过它在学习上走捷径，故D项“长话短说，正确使用强大的AI还需要时间。”符合，因为学生的不正当使用，因此正确使用AI还需要时间，故选D项。第三部分语言知识运用（满分30分）第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Toomuchscreentimeissomethingweusuallyassociatewithchildren.WethinkoflittlekidswatchinghoursofCoComelononiPads,orteenswhowouldratherbe___21___invideogamesorYouTubethantalkabouttheirday.Butthereisanothergroupofpeoplethatarehavingtroublewith___22___theirdevices:babyboomers,whowerebornaftertheSecondWorldWar.Smartphonescameintotheirlives___23___,buttheywerequicklywonover.Nowsomeoftheirchildrensaytheyareaddicted,___24___attheirscreensconstantly,evenwhentheyshouldbepaying___25___totheirowngrandchildren.Ingeneral,two-thirdsofboomersownasmartphoneandabout6in10are___26___socialmedia,accordingtoa2019PewResearchCentersurvey.Weaskedmorethan100millennials(千禧一代)andGenXersabouttheirparents’phonehabits.Aroundhalfsaidtheirparentsaregoodatnotbeingontheirphonestoomuch—normally___27___theyarenotgoodatthetechorarestillusingflipphones.Therest,however,areabsorbedintheir___28___.TheyareplayingWordswithFriends,CandyCrushandcardgames,oftenwiththevolumeturned___29___.Theyarelookingatthenews,checkingsportsscores,scrollingFacebookandtexting.Thephoneisalsoatoolforgrandparentsto____30____withpeopleintheirlives.Manypeoplewespoketosaidtheirparentsenjoyreadingthingsoutloudfromtheirphones,tellingfamiliesoranyone____31____abouttheweather,theheadlinesorviralstoriesthatmayormaynotbetrue.Everyoneis____32____withlookingattheirphonestoomuch.Itis____33____thatgrandparentspickedupsomeoftheirhabitsfromtheirchildrenandgrandchildren.“Thesomewhatembarrassingrealityisthatthey’remuchbetteratnotbeing____34____bytheirdevicesthanmypartnerandIare,”saysLucasMitchell,adadoftwofromVancouver.HisparentsusetheiriPhoneandiPad____35____butaregoodatfocusingonthefamily. 21.A.stuckB.absorbedC.remindingofD.interested22.A.puttingdownB.takingupC.disappointedD.givingaway23.A.nearB.farC.earlyD.late24.A.glancingB.shoutingC.staringD.glaring25.A.billB.attentionC.debtD.awareness26.A.onB.inC.atD.for27.A.butB.andC.becauseD.although28.A.kingdomsB.dreamsC.devicesD.positions29.A.downB.upC.onD.off30.A.connectB.collectC.controlD.compete31.A.nearbyB.abroadC.homeD.away32.A.fightingB.strugglingC.beginningD.existing33.A.funnyB.impossibleC.definiteD.likely34.A.confirmedB.convincedC.distractedD.benefited35.A.frequentlyB.sometimesC.seldomD.regularly【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.B26.A27.C28.C29.B30.A31.A32.B33.D34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了婴儿潮一代的人使用手机频繁的情况。【21题详解】考查形容词/动词词义辨析。句意：我们会想到孩子在iPad上看几个小时的CoComelon，或者想到一些青少年，他们宁愿玩电脑游戏也不远聊天。A.stuck困住的；B.absorbed沉迷的；C.remindingof使回想起；D.interested感兴趣的。根据空后“videogamesorYouTubethantalkabouttheirday.”可知，此处指青少年沉迷于电脑游戏。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词短语/形容词词义辨析。句意：但是也有另外一群人很难放下他们的电子设备：出生于二战后的婴儿潮的人。A.puttingdown放下；B.takingup占据；C.disappointed失望的；D.givingaway捐赠。根据后文“Nowsomeoftheirchildrensaytheyareaddicted,___4___attheirscreensconstantly,evenwhentheyshouldbepaying___5___totheirowngrandchildren.”可知，此处指他们很难放下电子设备。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然手机进入他们的生活很晚，但是他们很快就被征服了。A.near近的；B. far远的；C.early早的；D.late晚的。根据空后的转折“buttheywerequicklywonover.”可知，此处指尽管手机进入他们的生活很晚，但是他们很快就征服了。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，这一代人的孩子说父母被迷住了，甚至在他们照看孙辈们的时候，他们也会盯着手机看。A.glancing瞥一眼；B.shouting大喊；C.staring盯着；D.glaring怒视。根据空后“attheirscreensconstantly”可知，此处指他们会盯着手机。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.bill账单；B.attention注意力；C.debt债务；D.awareness意识。根据空后“totheirowngrandchildren.”可知，此处指照看他们的孙子，payattentionto注意，照看，故选B。【26题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：根据研究中心2019年的一项调查，三分之二的婴儿潮一代有智能手机，约六成的人使用社交媒体。A.on在……上；B.in在……里面；C.at在……（时刻）；D.for为了。根据空后“socialmedia”可知，此处指他们在社交媒体上活动，使用社交媒体。故选A。【27题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：差不多一半的人说他们的父母不太擅长使用手机——通常是因为他们不擅长科技或者他们仍然在使用翻盖手机。A.but但是；B.and并且；C.because因为；D.although尽管。根据空后“theyarenotgoodatthetechorarestillusingflipphones”可知，空后是他们不太擅长使用手机的原因。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，其余的人都沉浸在他们的电子设备中。A.kingdoms王国；B.dreams梦想；C.devices电子设备；D.positions位置。根据空前“Therest,however,areabsorbedintheir”可知，此处指其余的人都沉浸在电子设备中。故选C。【29题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们都在玩WordswithFriends、CandyCrush和纸牌的游戏时，他们经常把音量调大。A.down由高到低；B.up(强度，音量，活动)由弱到强；C.on在上面；D.off离开。根据前文“TheyareplayingWordswithFriends,CandyCrushandcardgames,oftenwiththevolumeturned”可知，此处指他们玩游戏的时候，通常把音量调得很大。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：手机也是祖父母和他们生活中的朋友们交流沟通的工具。A.connect交流，联系；B.collect收集；C.control控制；D.compete竞争。根据后文“Manypeoplewespoketosaidtheirparentsenjoyreadingthingsoutloudfromtheirphones,tellingfamiliesoranyone___11___abouttheweather,the headlinesorviralstoriesthatmayormaynotbetrue.”可知，此处指手机是他们用来与朋友沟通交流的方式。故选A。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们采访过的很多人表示，他们的父母喜欢把手机上的内容大声读出啦，告诉家人或附近的人天气，头条新闻或热门新闻，可能这些消息有真有假。A.nearby附近的；B.abroad国外的；C.home家里的；D.away远方的。根据前文“Thephoneisalsoatoolforgrandparentsto___10___withpeopleintheirlives.”可知，手机是他们与朋友沟通的方式，故此处指将手机上的内容分享给家人和附近的人。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都在与过度看手机作斗争。A.fighting对抗；B.struggling斗争；C.beginning开始；D.existing存在。根据空后“withlookingattheirphonestoomuch.”可知，此处指每个人与长时间看手机这个问题作斗争。故选B。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：祖父母的一些习惯可能是从他们的孩子已经孙辈身上学来的。A.funny有趣的；B.impossible不可能的；C.definite绝对的；D.likely可能的。根据后文“grandparentspickedupsomeoftheirhabitsfromtheirchildrenandgrandchildren.”可知，此处指祖父母可能是从孩子或者孙辈身上学到的使用电子设备的习惯。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：来自温哥华两个孩子的父亲说道；“有点尴尬的是，他们（父母）比我和我的伴侣更能在电子设备前保持自我。”A.confirmed证实；B.convinced使相信；C.distracted打扰，使分散注意力；D.benefited对……有益。根据后文“HisparentsusetheiriPhoneandiPad___15___butaregoodatfocusingonthefamily.”可知，此处指父母能不受到电子设备的打扰。故选C。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的父母经常使用iPhone和iPad，但擅长专注于家庭。A.frequently经常地；B.sometimes有时；C.seldom很少；D.regularly有规律地。根据空后的转折“butaregoodatfocusingonthefamily.”可知，此处指他们经常使用电子设备。故选A。第Ⅱ卷非选择题（共55分）第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AninheritorofYiembroidery(刺绣),JinRuirui,whoisalsoadeputytothe14thNationalPeople’sCongresssharedtheembroideryindustryinYunnananditssignificanceinpromotingthe___36___(employ)of localwomen.TheYiethnicgrouphasitsownsymbolsandtotems,allof___37___canbeusedasembroiderypatterns.InChuxiongYiAutonomousPrefecture,therearehobbyclasses___38___(two)aweek,involvingembroideryskillsandteachingpeopletoplaytraditional___39___(music)instruments.Studentsgettochoosewhatthey’remostinterestedinlearning.Yiembroideryisnotonlylimitedtotraditionalcostumes___40___canalsobeappliedtomodernclothes,householdproductsanddailynecessities.Whenpeoplethinkofembroidery,theyusuallythinkitissomethingwomendo.Itusedtobethatallembroidererswerewomen,butnowthereareafewmaleembroiderers,___41___(account)forabout4percentofallofthem.Inrecentyears,morethan2,000disabledpeople___42___(encourage)tojointhem.JinRuiruichosetodevotedherself___43___embroideryaftergraduatingtofulfillhermother’sdream,andshewantedtoletmorepeopleknowaboutYiembroideryculture,andaboutembroidererslikehermother,manyuneducatedbutexpecting___44___fulfillinglife.Withyearsofdevelopment,theirsaleshavegrownconsiderably.Therefore,theyare___45___(extreme)thankfultotheCommunistPartyofChina.Shehopesthatduringthetwosessions(两会),whetherthroughherintroductionordemonstration,morepeoplewillgettoknowsomethingaboutYiembroideryandgettoappreciateit.【答案】36.employment37.which38.twice39.musical40.but41.accounting42havebeenencouraged43.to44.a45.extremely【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是彝绣传承人、第十四届全国人大代表JinRuirui介绍了云南的刺绣产业及其对促进当地妇女就业的重要意义。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：彝绣传承人、第十四届全国人大代表JinRuirui介绍了云南的刺绣产业及其对促进当地妇女就业的重要意义。空格处用名词作宾语，根据语境可知，句子表示“彝绣传承人、第十四届全国人大代表金瑞瑞介绍了云南的刺绣产业及其对促进当地妇女就业的重要意义”，空格处意为“就业”，名词是employment，是不可数名词，故填employment。【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：彝族有自己的符号和图腾，都可以作为刺绣图案。空格处是“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词symbolsandtotems，指物，因此用关系代词which，故填which。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：在楚雄彝族自治州，每周有两次爱好班，包括刺绣技巧和教人们演奏传统乐器。根据语境可知，句子表示“在楚雄彝族自治州，每周有两次爱好班，包括刺绣技巧和教人们演奏传统乐器”，空格处意为“两次”，应用副词twice。故填twice。【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：在楚雄彝族自治州，每周有两次爱好班，包括刺绣技巧和教人们演奏传统乐器。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词instruments，music的形容词是musical，意为“音乐的”，故填musical。【40题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：彝绣不仅限于传统服饰，也可以应用于现代服装、家居用品和日用品。notonly...butalso...是固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”，因此空格处是but，故填but。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：过去绣工都是女性，但现在有少数男性绣工，约占全部绣工的4%。but后的句子中谓语是are，空格处用非谓语动词，maleembroiderers和account之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填accounting。【42题详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，有2000多名残疾人被鼓励加入他们的行列。由Inrecentyears可知，句子时态用现在完成时，残疾人是被鼓励，因此空格处用现在完成时的被动语态have/hasbeendone，主语people是复数，因此空格处是havebeenencouraged。故填havebeenencouraged。【43题详解】考查介词。句意：JinRuirui毕业后选择投身于刺绣，以实现母亲的梦想，她想让更多的人了解彝族刺绣文化，了解像她母亲一样没有受过教育但却期待着充实生活的刺绣者。devoteoneselfto...是固定短语，意为“投身于”，因此空格处是to，故填to。【44题详解】考查不定冠词。句意：JinRuirui毕业后选择投身于刺绣，以实现母亲的梦想，她想让更多的人了解彝族刺绣文化，了解像她母亲一样没有受过教育但却期待着充实生活的刺绣者。life是可数名词，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，fulfilling是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。【45题详解】考查副词。句意：因此，他们非常感谢中国共产党。空格处用副词extremely修饰形容词thankful，extremely意为“非常”，故填extremely。 第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假如你是李华，你的英国笔友William将赴重庆外国语学校交换学习一年，但不知该选择怎样的住宿方式，发邮件向你征求意见与建议。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1.住宿地点推荐（校内宿舍dormitory/dorm或校外租房apartment）；2.各自的优缺点并说明理由。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增添细节，使行文流畅。DearWilliam,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearWilliam,HearingthatyouwillcometoChongqingtostudy,Iamwritingtorecommendaccommodation.Thefirstoptionistoliveinon-campusdorms,whicharecheapandsafe.Livinginthesamedormitorywillgiveyoumoreopportunitiestocommunicatewithlocalstudents.Anotheroptionistorentanapartmentoutsidethecampus.It’smoreexpensivethanlivinginon-campusdorms.Butthebenefitisthatyouhavemoreprivacyandislesslikelytobedisturbed.Youcanchooseaccordingtoyourownneedsandactualsituation.Ihopeyoucanstudyandlivehappilyhere.Yours,LiHua【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国笔友William写封邮件，给他推荐住宿方式。【详解】1.词汇积累选择：option→choice 机会：opportunity→chance好处：benefit→advantage打扰：disturb→bother2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：Anotheroptionistorentanapartmentoutsidethecampus.It’smoreexpensivethanlivinginon-campusdorms.拓展句：Anotheroptionistorentanapartmentoutsidethecampus,whichismoreexpensivethanlivinginon-campusdorms.【点睛】[高分句型1]HearingthatyouwillcometoChongqingtostudy,Iamwritingtorecommendaccommodation.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)[高分句型2]Thefirstoptionistoliveinon-campusdorms,whicharecheapandsafe.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Therewereoncetwoboyswhowereverygoodfriends.TheirnameswereArmanandBatoor.ArmanandBatoorwouldalwaysplaytogetherafterschoolonthebasketballcourtclosetowheretheylived.Oneday,twobulliescametothebasketballcourt,andoneofthebulliesstoletheirbasketball.“Thisisoursnow,”saidabully.“Andyouarenevergettingitback,”saidtheotherbully.ThenthebulliesstartedpushingthetwoboysandArmanfelldownandsuddenlybecameveryfrightened.Withoutthinking,theyoungboyjumpedtohisfeetandranhomewithoutoncelookingbacktoseeifhisfriendBatoorwasalsoabletorunaway.ButBatoorwasnotsolucky,andanyway,hedidnotlikebeingbulliedandrefusedtorunaway.ButtheboyswerebiggerandstrongerthanBatoorandtheyhithimandkickedhim.“Thatwillteachyou,”saidthebullies.Andwiththat,thebullieswalkedaway,leavingpoorBatoortowalkhomealone.Thenextday,whenArmanmetBatoorintheplaygroundatschool,hewasverysorrywhenhesawwhatthebullieshaddonetohisgoodfriend.“Icannotbelieveyouranawayandleftmeallalone!”saidBatoor.“Whatkindofafriendactslikethat?”AlthoughArmantriedtoapologise,Batoorwasveryangryanddidnotwanttoforgivehisfriend. Armanfeltterribleaboutrunningaway,andnowhehadlosthisbestfriendbecauseofhisactions.Batoor’smotherboughthimanewbasketball,andbecausetheboydecidednottohavehisliferuledoverbybullies,hereturnedtothebasketballcourtthefollowingdayandplayedalone.Justashewaspractising,heheardavoicebehindhim.“Iseewearegoingtohavetoteachyouanotherlesson,”saidthevoice.“AndIseethatyouhaveanotherbasketballforustotake,”saidtheother.AndwhenBatoorturnedaround,sureenough,thetwobullieswerewalkingtowardshim.“Nowhandoverthatbasketballandwewon’tbeatyousobadlythistime.”JustasBatoorwasabouttoprotest,anothervoicerangoutloudandclearacrossthebasketballcourt.注意:1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式作答。“Getawayfrommyfriend,”calledArman.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Batoorthankedhisfriendandforgavehimforrunningaway.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】“Getawayfrommyfriend,”calledArman.ThistimeArmandidn’trunaway.Hebravelyshoutedatthebully.Thetwobulliescameathim,buthedidnotflinchandpositivelydefendedhisgoodfriend.Hearguedwiththetwobullies,buttheydidn’tlisten.Instead,theystruggledwithArman.Bythistimemanyotherstudentscame,aswellastheirteachers.Together,theysentthetwobulliestotheschoolpeaceroom.Batoorthankedhisfriendandforgavehimforrunningaway.ArmanapologizestoBatoorforhislastescape,andBatoorforgivesArmanforhisbestfriend’srescue.Theybecamegoodfriendsagain.Theybelievethatwhenconfrontedwithbullies,theycann’tchoosetorunawayfromthem,buttofightevil.Positiveenergywillalways competewithwinningenergy.Goodwillprevailoverevil.【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了两个好朋友阿尔曼和巴图尔在篮球场受恶霸欺负的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“‘离我的朋友远点，’阿尔曼喊道。”可知，第一段可描写阿尔曼这一次勇敢地站起来与巴图尔共同面对恶霸，最终把他们制服。②由第二段首句内容“巴图尔感谢了他的朋友，原谅了他逃跑的行为。”可知，第二段可描因为这次的相救巴图尔原谅了阿尔曼上次的逃跑，并承诺与黑势力作斗争。2.续写线索：大喊——帮助——制服恶霸——感谢——原谅——感悟3.词汇激活行为类①逃跑：runaway/fleeaway②选择：choose/elect③斗争：fight/struggle情绪类①感谢：thank/showinghisappreciation/showhisgratitude/begrateful②积极：positiveattitude/positively【点睛】[高分句型1].Theybelievethatwhenconfrontedwithbullies,theycannotchoosetorunawayfromthem,buttofightevil.（运用that引导的宾语从句和状语从句的省略）[高分句型2].Thetwobulliescameathim,buthedidnotflinchandpositivelydefendedhisgoodfriend.（使用并列连词but连接的并列句）