江苏省新高考基地学校2023届高三英语下学期第五次大联考试题（Word版附解析）

2023届新高考基地学校第五次大联考英语注意事项考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求。1．答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、学校、考位号用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔填写在答题纸上。2．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、考试证号与你本人的是否相符。3．答题时，必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题纸上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whichdaydidthewomangetherlaptop?A.OnNewYear’sDay.B.OnSingles’Day.C.Onherbirthday.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Mysongavemealaptop.It’sagoodbirthdaypresent,butIdon’tknowhowtoswitchiton.M:IgotoneonSingles’Day.IttookmeuntilNewYear’sDaytoworkouthowtouseit.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdidthemanprobablydoyesterday?A.Hewatchedafilm.B.Hewenttoadinnerparty.C.Hesawadanceperformance.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:John,didyouendupgoingtothecompanydinneryesterday?IwishIcouldhavegone,butIhadtoattendmydaughter’sdanceperformance.M:Iactuallyendedupstayinghome.IwasreallytiredandtherewasagoodmovieonTV.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whenwastheappointmentdue?A.60minutesago.B.30minutesago.C.15minutesago.第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Thedoctorcanseeyounow,Mr.Smith.Sorryaboutthedelay.Yourappointmentwasfor11:30a.m.,wasn’tit?M:Itwas,butmytrainwashalfanhourlate.It’smiddayandIhavejustarrived.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanheatherhousewith?A.Solar.B.Water.C.Electricity.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:I’mthinkingofswitchingmyhome’swaterheatertoelectricpower.Youhaveanelectricone,right?W:Westillhavethatoneforemergencies,butit’snotinuseatthemoment.Nowwehavethelargeglasspanelsthatabsorbsunlight.Theysaveusatonofmoney!5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewomanconsidering?A.Livinginhersister’shouse.B.Becomingateacher.C.Startingafamily.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Ilovetogotomysister’shouseandplaywithherchildren.M:Doyouwanttoworkwithchildrenwhenyougraduate?Ithinkyouwouldbeagreatteacher.W:No,butIwillthinkabouthavingchildrenofmyownoneday.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.HowdidJuliegetintouchwiththewomantoday?A.Byphone.B.Byemail.C.Inperson.7.Whatdoesthemanurgethewomantodo?A.CallJulie.B.WatchaTVshow.C.Putthebookinherbag.【答案】6.A7.C第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【解析】【原文】M:Whowascalling?W:ItwasJulie,remindingmetotakeherbookintoschooltomorrow.M:Didyouborrowit?W:Yes,agesago.Ikeepforgettingtotakeit.Shetoldmeandemailedmeweeksago,butIstillforgotit.M:Putitinyourschoolbagnow.W:There’saTVshowIwanttowatchfirst.M:No.Doitnoworyou’llforgetitagain.Youwon’tmisstheshow.Juliemustbeveryconcernedaboutitifshewasringingyouintheevening.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whathappenedtothemanonhisjourney?A.Hewaslatearriving.B.Hecouldn’tfindhisbags.C.Helosthiswaytothedestination.9.Howlonghasthemanbeentraveling?A.For17hours.B.For20hours.C.For24hours.10.Whydidthehotelchangetheman’sroom?A.Hepaidtohaveabetterroom.B.Thehotelhasmadeamistake.C.Hehasexperiencedatoughtime.【答案】8.B9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Welcome,Mr.Barker.SoIhaveyoudownforsevennightsinRoom12,butIdon’tseeanybags.M:Well,theairlinehaslostthemsomewhere.IhadaconnectingflightandtheysaidIshouldhaverecheckedmybagsin,butI’veneverhadtodothat.It’sthelastthingIneedtodoaftertravelingfor20hours.W:No,normallytheyfollowyouallthewaytoyourdestination.Well,ifyouneedanything,ourshopisopen24hours.M:Yes,Imightneedsomeclothes.Theairlinesaidtheywouldsendthebagshereoncetheyfoundthem.Couldyouhavethemsentstraighttomyroom?W:Certainly,sir.Becauseofallthedifficultyyouhavehad,I’veputyouinRoom17,whichhasitsownpool.M:Thankyou.That`sverykind.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 11.Whatarethespeakersplaying?A.Ananimalgame.B.Acargame.C.Awargame.12.Whatdidthewomanthinkofthedrivinggame?A.Itwasamusing.B.Itwassimple.C.Itwasviolent.13.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atagamecenter.B.Athome.C.Atschool.【答案】11.C12.A13.B【解析】【原文】W:Wehaveplayedthisgamesooften.Can’twefindanotherone?M:Thisoneisfun.W:Idon’treallyenjoywargames.Iliketheoneweusedtoplaywiththelittleanimals.M:That’sababygame.Idon’tthinkIevenhaveitonmycomputer.W:Whatabouttheonewherewedrovecarsaroundatown?ThatwasfunnyM:I’llseeifIcanfindit.W:Iwishwecouldmeetup.Rememberwhenwecouldbeinthesamehouse,playingaboardgame?M:Itseemsalongtimeago.Justthink,weevenusedtoplayoutside.W:Andwewenttoschool…rememberthat?M:Theysaywemightbeabletogobacksoon.Thevirusseemstobegoingaway.W:Myschoolissayingitmayopennextweek.M:Ihaven’theardfrommineyet.Myteachershaven’tsaidanything.W:Ihopewecan.Learningfromhomewasfunatfirst,butnowImissmyclassmates.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heislookingforanewhouse.B.Hehopestofillanemptyapartment.C.Hespentlotsofmoneyonchanginghisroom.15.Whatisthewoman?A.Ahomedecorator.B.Afurnituresaleswoman.C.Apainter.16.Whatwillthemanbuy?A.Abed.B.Paintings.C.Asofa.17.Whatisthewoman’smainconcern?A.Cheapcost.B.Highquality.C.Quickaction.【答案】14.B15.A16.A17.B【解析】第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【原文】M:Idon’thaveahugebudget,butIreallywanttofillthisbrandnewapartmentandmakeitbeautiful.W:Ihavealotofexperiencewiththeseprojects.Yourbudgetisenoughtogetexcellentqualityanddesign.M:Excellent.There’snothinginside,butthespaceisn’tverybig.Willitbedifficulttogetthefurnitureinside?W:You’llneedtohireamovingteamoratleastgetabiggroupofyourfriendstohelpyou.M:OK,firstIneedtobringinmybed,dressers,sofa,anddesk.W:I’vemeasuredyourfurniture,andeverythingwillfitexceptyourbed.M:HopefullyIcanfindanewonethatisn’texpensive.W:I’dliketoadviseyoutostartwithpaintingthedifferentroomsandputtingartonthewalls.Thiswillprovideabrighterspaceandwillincreasethevalueifyoueverwishtosellit.M:Don’tworryaboutthat.Iplantolivehereforalongtime.Also,mygirlfriendcangivemesomepaintingsfordecoration.W:Ihopeyouunderstandthatit’lltakemorethanamonthtohaveyournewplacereadytolivein.M:Ifpossible,I’dbehappierifyoucouldfinishdecoratingsooner,butIcanwaitifit’snecessary.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whatisthemaintopicofthetalk?A.Acamera-likeinsect.B.Aninsect-likecamera.C.Apower-savingbattery.19.Whatisthemostunusualaboutthecamera?A.Itsvalue.B.Itspower.C.Itsweight.20.Howdidtheresearchersusetheirknowledge?A.Theycreatedarobot.B.Theyraisedtheinsects.C.Theyprotectedtheprivacy.【答案】18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】Researchershavedevelopedatinywirelesscamerathatislightenoughtobecarriedbyinsects.TheteamattheUniversityofWashingtonintheUSdrewinspirationfromtheinsectstocreateitslow-poweredcamerasystem.TheresearchwaspublishedinthejournalScienceRobotics.Theentirecameraweighsjust250milligrams,aboutatenthoftheweightofaplayingcard.Itisputonamechanicalarmthatcanshiftfromsidetoside.Thatallowsthecameratolooksidetosideandscantheenvironment,justlikeaninsect.Tosavebatterylife,theresearchersincludedadeviceinthesystemsothatitonlytakesphotoswhentheinsectismoving.Thisway,thecamerawasabletooperateforsixhoursonafull第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 charge.Theinsectswerenotharmedandlivedforatleastayearaftertheexperiment.Theresearchersusedwhattheyhadlearnedtoproduceanindependentinsect-sizedcamerarobot.Theteamclaimsitistheworld’ssmallestrobotwithwirelessvision.ShyamGollakota,seniorauthoroftheresearch,acknowledgedthattinycamerarobotscouldintroducenewprivacyconcerns.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATechnologyuseinclassYouwillbeallowedtouseyourfavoritetypeoftechnology(e.g.,laptop,iPad)inclassifyouchoosetodoso,sincesomepeopleprefertakingnotesthatway.Ifyoudecidetouseit,pleaseavoiddistractions,likee-mailcheckingoraccessingsocialmediaduringclass.AcademicintegrityYouwillbeexpectedtobetheauthoroftheassignmentsyouturninforthiscourse.Yourpaperswillrequireyoutodrawuponexistingresearchtoinformandlendcredibility(可信度)toyourarguments.Tocredittheideasofothersproperly,youmustfollowtwomainrules:●Alwayscitethesourceofafinding,idea,orargumentthatisnotyourown,nomatterhowmuchrewordingyouhavedone.●Alwaysputthefindings,ideas,andargumentsyouciteintoyourownwords.Ifadirectquoteisabsolutelynecessary,putthetextinquotationmarks(引号)andincludeapagenumberinyourcitation.AbsencesandlateassignmentsYouareexpectedtoattendeveryclass,sinceyourparticipationinclasswillcounttowardsyourfinalgrade.Studentswithexcusedabsenceswillhaveachancetocompletemissedclassassignments(andparticipation)withoutpunishment.Otherwise,classparticipationcanonlybecompletedduringclass.Assignmentssubmittedafterthedeadlinewillbeconsideredlateassignments.Lateassignmentswillbegradedwith½ofthegradeifsubmittedbynomorethanoneweekfollowingtheoriginaldeadline.Ifnotsubmittedwithinoneweekfollowingtheoriginaldeadline,lateassignmentswillnotbegraded.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Aschoolregulation.B.Acollegetextbook.C.Anexampaper.D.Anacademicarticle.22.Toachieveacademicintegrity,whatareyouexpectedtodo?A.Avoidassessingmediaduringclass.B.Submityourtotallyoriginalwork.C.Presentothers’ideasasyourown.D.Citeothers’ideasinaproperway.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanassignmentwithinoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillbepunished.B.Youwillgetahalfgrade.C.Youwillreceiveazero.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】21.A22.D23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一所学校的学校规章制度。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据“Technologyuseinclass(课堂上技术使用)”和“Academicintegrity(学术诚信)”及“Absencesandlateassignments(旷课和迟交作业)”可推知，这篇文章可能是摘自学校规章制度。故选A。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据“Academicintegrity(学术诚信)”中的“●Alwaysputthefindings,ideas,andargumentsyouciteintoyourownwords.Ifadirectquoteisabsolutelynecessary,putthetextinquotationmarks(引号)andincludeapagenumberinyourcitation.(把你引用的发现、想法和论点用自己的话表达出来。如果直接引用是绝对必要的，把文本放在引号中，并在引用中包括页码)”可推知，为了达到学术诚信，你应该以适当的方式引用他人的观点。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据“Absencesandlateassignments(旷课和迟交作业)”中的“Lateassignmentswillbegradedwith½ofthegradeifsubmittedbynomorethanoneweekfollowingtheoriginaldeadline.(迟交的作业如果在原定截止日期后不超过一周内提交，将扣除二分之一的分数)”可知，如果你在截止日期后一周内提交作业，你将得半分。故选B。BHowardSchultzwasn’tthefirstpersontobecarriedawaybythepleasantsmellofawell-roastedcoffeebean.ButtheStarbucksCoffeeCo.leaderwasundoubtedlythefirsttoturnthatdreamintoabilliondollarretailbusiness.Schultz’sadventurestartedin1981whenhetraveledfromNewYorktoSeattletocheckoutapopularcoffeebeanstorecalled“Starbucks”.IthadbeenbuyingmanyoftheHammarplastSwedishdripcoffeemakers(滴滤式煮咖啡壶)hewasselling.Therewasthatgreatsmell,sure,butwhatcausedhimtofallinlovewiththebusinesswasthecaretheStarbucksownersputintochoosingandroastingthebeans.Hewasalsoimpressedwiththeowners’devotiontoeducatingthepublicaboutthewondersofthecoffee.IttookSchultzayeartoconvincetheStarbucksownerstohirehim.Whentheyfinallymadehimdirectorofmarketingandoperationsin1982,hehadanotheridea.ThisoneoccurredinItaly,whenSchultznoticedthecoffeebarsthatexistedonalmosteveryblock.Helearnedthattheynotonlyservedexcellentespressos(蒸馏咖啡),theyalsoservedasmeetingplacesorpublicsquares,andtherewere200,000oftheminthecountry.ButwhenhecamebacktoSeattle,theStarbucksownersresistedSchultz’splanstoservecoffeeinthestores,sayingtherestaurantbusinesswascompetitive,anditwascostlytohirewaiters.Afterall,economicbenefitsweretheirprimarymotivator.Frustrated,Schultzquitandstartedhisown第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 coffee-barbusinessin1985,named“IIGiornale”.Itwassuccessful,andtwoyearslater,theoriginalStarbucksmanagementsolditsStarbucksretailunittoSchultzfor$3.8million.Asthecompanybegantoexpandrapidlyinthe1990s,Schultzalwayssaidthatthemaingoalwas“toserveagreatcupofcoffee”.Askedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,Schultztoldustheprinciples:“Don’tbethreatenedbypeoplesmarterthanyou.Compromiseanythingbutyourcorevalues.”24.WhatcausedSchultztojointheStarbucks?A.Thepleasantsmellofitscoffeebean.B.Hisstrongdesiretoimprovehimself.C.Theowners’impressiveworkattitude.D.Hiseagernesstosellmorecoffeemakers.25.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSchultz’spersonality?A.Committedandgenerous.B.Sociableandhelpful.C.Motivatedandconsiderate.D.Determinedandcreative.26.WhydidtheStarbucksownersrefusetoservecoffeeinthestores?A.ManycoffeebarshadexistedinSeattle.B.Peoplepreferredtastingcoffeeathome.C.Workforcewasinsufficientinthemarket.D.Theytriedtoavoidhighcostoflaborforce.27.WhatdoesSchultzthinkcontributestohissuccess?A.Learningfromsmarterpeople.B.Stickingtohisowncorevalues.C.Keepinghisbusinessasecret.D.Rememberingasetofprinciples.【答案】24.C25.D26.D27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了霍华德·舒尔茨带领星巴克咖啡公司走向成功的故事。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Therewasthatgreatsmell,sure,butwhatcausedhimtofallinlovewiththebusinesswasthecaretheStarbucksownersputintochoosingandroastingthebeans.Hewasalsoimpressedwiththeowners’devotiontoeducatingthepublicaboutthewondersofthecoffee.(当然，咖啡的味道很好闻，但让他爱上这个行业的是星巴克老板在选择和烘焙咖啡豆时所付出的细心。他还对店主致力于向公众宣传这种咖啡的神奇之处印象深刻)”及第四段中的“IttookSchultzayeartoconvincetheStarbucksownerstohirehim.(舒尔茨花了一年时间说服星巴克老板雇用他)”可推知，老板令人印象深刻的工作态度促使舒尔茨加入了星巴克。故选C。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ButwhenhecamebacktoSeattle,theStarbucksownersresistedSchultz’splanstoservecoffeeinthestores,sayingtherestaurantbusinesswascompetitive,andit第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 wascostlytohirewaiters.Afterall,economicbenefitsweretheirprimarymotivator.Frustrated,Schultzquitandstartedhisowncoffee-barbusinessin1985,named“IIGiornale”.Itwassuccessful,andtwoyearslater,theoriginalStarbucksmanagementsolditsStarbucksretailunittoSchultzfor$3.8million.(但当他回到西雅图时，星巴克的老板们反对舒尔茨在店内提供咖啡的计划，称餐饮业竞争激烈，而且雇佣服务员的成本很高。毕竟，经济利益是他们的主要动力。灰心丧气的舒尔茨辞去了工作，并于1985年创办了自己的咖啡馆，取名为“IIGiornale”。这是成功的，两年后，最初的星巴克管理层以380万美元的价格将星巴克零售部门出售给舒尔茨)”可推知，舒尔茨的成功源于他的创新和坚持，所以坚定和创新是对舒尔茨性格的最佳描述。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“ButwhenhecamebacktoSeattle,theStarbucksownersresistedSchultz’splanstoservecoffeeinthestores,sayingtherestaurantbusinesswascompetitive,anditwascostlytohirewaiters.Afterall,economicbenefitsweretheirprimarymotivator.(但当他回到西雅图时，星巴克的老板们反对舒尔茨在店内提供咖啡的计划，称餐饮业竞争激烈，而且雇佣服务员的成本很高。毕竟，经济利益是他们的主要动力)”可知，星巴克的老板拒绝在店里供应咖啡，因为他们试图避免高昂的劳动力成本。故选D。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Askedaboutthesecretofhissuccess,Schultztoldustheprinciples:“Don’tbethreatenedbypeoplesmarterthanyou.Compromiseanythingbutyourcorevalues.”(当被问及他成功的秘诀时，舒尔茨告诉我们：“不要被比你聪明的人威胁。除了你的核心价值观，什么都可以妥协。”)”可知，舒尔茨认为，坚持自己的核心价值观是他成功的原因。故选B。CIneedanewphone.LikemanyofuswitholdermodeliPhones,mybatterylifeisjustafewhoursandI’vestoppedupdatingtheoperatingsystemtoextendthephone’slife.ButI’mhavingatoughtimemakingthefinaldecision.It’snotthecost.It’snottheinconvenienceeither.It’stheenvironment.Makingsmartphones,laptops,andothertechproductstakesalotofresources.Thisispartlyduetothecarbonemissionsfromtheproducingprocess.Still,themostnegativeimpactcomesfromtheminingoftherareearthmetalsthatmakeyourphonework.Ifyou’rereadingthisonyourphonerightnow,you’reholdingabout0.034gramsofgold,0.34gramsofsilver,andsmalleramountsofotherrareelements.Thesearetinyamounts,butconsiderthedemandforsmartphonesaroundtheworld.AlloftheserareelementshavetobeminedfrominsidetheEarth,inplaceslikeChinaandsomeAfricancountries.Miningishugelyenvironmentallydestructive:forestsaredestroyed,thegroundisdisturbed,andwaterqualityintheareatakesadive.第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Nowtaketheseenvironmentalrisks,andcombinethemwiththefactthattheaveragelifespan(使用寿命)ofasmartphoneisjusttwoyears,thelengthofyourcontractwithyourcellphonecompany.Afterthat,ifyou’relucky,yougeta“free”upgrade.Awesome,right?Sure,ifyouignorethefactthattheenvironmentalimpactofanewphoneisaboutthesameasusingyouroldoneforadecade.It’snearlyimpossibletoliveinthe21stcenturywithoutcontributingtothedestructionoftheenvironmentandclimatechange.Iamguiltyaswell—eatmeatandoccasionallyfly.Butthatdoesn’tmeanthatweshouldstoptryingtodobetter,orignoretheconsequencesofouractions.IurgeyoutothinkcarefullyaboutyournextsmartphonepurchasenomatterwhatthoseBlackFridayadsmaybetryingtotellyou.28.Whatdoestheauthor’sfinaldecisionreferto?A.Goingaheadwithgettinganewphone.BTakingactiontohelpreducepollution.C.Updatingyourphone’soperatingsystem.D.Raisingmoneyforanewsmartphone.29.Whydoestheauthorlistspecificnumbersinparagraph2?A.Torevealtheconsequencesofmakingsmartphones.B.Toanalyzethecausesofmakingnewsmartphones.C.Toemphasizethehugedemandforsmartphones.D.Toprovidesolutionstocuttingsmartphoneuse.30.Whatmessagedoestheauthorconveyinparagraph4?A.Itiseconomicaltoupgradeyourdevice.B.Thelifespanofsmartphonesisnarrowed.C.Theupgradecomesattheexpenseoftheenvironment.D.Signingacontractsparesusersfromeconomicpressure.31.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Topushforenvironmentallyfriendlysmartphones.B.Todiscouragebusinessesfrommakingsmartphones.C.Toadvisereadersnottochangesmartphonesoften.D.Todemonstratethenegativeeffectsofsmartphones.【答案】28.A29.A30.C31.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对于更换智能手机的一些看法。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Ineedanewphone.LikemanyofuswitholdermodeliPhones,mybatterylifeisjustafewhoursandI’vestoppedupdatingtheoperatingsystemtoextendthephone’slife.ButI’mhavingatoughtimemakingthefinaldecision.(第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 我需要一部新手机。和许多使用老款iphone的人一样，我的电池续航时间只有几个小时，而且我已经停止更新操作系统来延长手机的寿命。但是我很难做出最后的决定)”可推知，作者的最终决定是继续买一部新手机。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Still,themostnegativeimpactcomesfromtheminingoftherareearthmetalsthatmakeyourphonework.Ifyou’rereadingthisonyourphonerightnow,you’reholdingabout0.034gramsofgold,0.34gramsofsilver,andsmalleramountsofotherrareelements.Thesearetinyamounts,butconsiderthedemandforsmartphonesaroundtheworld.(然而，最负面的影响来自于让你的手机工作的稀土金属的开采。如果你现在在手机上阅读这篇文章，你就持有大约0.034克黄金，0.34克白银，以及少量的其他稀有元素。这些数量微不足道，但想想全球对智能手机的需求吧)”可推知，作者在第二段列出了具体的数字是为了揭示制造智能手机的后果。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Afterthat,ifyou’relucky,yougeta“free”upgrade.Awesome,right?Sure,ifyouignorethefactthattheenvironmentalimpactofanewphoneisaboutthesameasusingyouroldoneforadecade.(在那之后，如果你幸运的话，你会得到一次“免费”升级。太棒了，对吧？当然，如果你忽略一个事实，那就是新手机对环境的影响和用旧手机十年差不多)”可知，作者在第四段中想要表达的是升级是以牺牲环境为代价的。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Still,themostnegativeimpactcomesfromtheminingoftherareearthmetalsthatmakeyourphonework.Ifyou’rereadingthisonyourphonerightnow,you’reholdingabout0.034gramsofgold,0.34gramsofsilver,andsmalleramountsofotherrareelements.Thesearetinyamounts,butconsiderthedemandforsmartphonesaroundtheworld.(然而，最负面的影响来自于让你的手机工作的稀土金属的开采。如果你现在在手机上阅读这篇文章，你就持有大约0.034克黄金，0.34克白银，以及少量的其他稀有元素。这些数量微不足道，但想想全球对智能手机的需求吧)”及第三段中的“Miningishugelyenvironmentallydestructive:forestsaredestroyed,thegroundisdisturbed,andwaterqualityintheareatakesadive.(采矿对环境的破坏是巨大的：森林被破坏，地面被扰乱，该地区的水质急剧下降)”和最后一段中的“IurgeyoutothinkcarefullyaboutyournextsmartphonepurchasenomatterwhatthoseBlackFridayadsmaybetryingtotellyou.(我强烈建议你仔细考虑下一个智能手机购买计划，不管黑色星期五的广告可能试图告诉你什么)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是建议读者不要经常更换智能手机。故选C。DExpertsusedtobelievethatpeopleassessrisklikeactuaries(精算师),figuringoutcost-benefitanalyseseverytimeacarcametoocloseorlocalcrimeratesrose.Butawaveofpsychological第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 experimentsinthe1980sdeniedthisthinking.Researchersfoundthatpeopleuseasetofmentalshortcutsformeasuringdanger.Andtheytendtodoitunconsciously,meaningthatinstinct(直觉)canplayamuchlargerrolethantheyrealize.Ideally,theseshortcutshelppeoplefigureoutwhichonestoworryaboutandwhichtodisregard.Buttheycanbeimperfect.Whenyouencounterapotentialrisk,yourbraindoesaquicksearchforpastexperienceswithit.Ifitcaneasilypullupmultiplealarmingmemories,thenyourbrainconcludesthedangerishigh.Butitoftenfailstoassesswhetherthosememoriesaretrulyrepresentative.Aclassicexampleisairplanecrashes.Iftwohappencontinuously,flyingsuddenlyfeelsscarier—evenifyourconsciousmindknowsthatthosecrashesareastatisticalaberration(统计异常)withlittleinfluenceonthesafetyofyournextflight.Butifyouthentakeafewflightsandnothinggoeswrong,yourbrainwillmostlikelystarttellingyouagainthatflyingissafe.Thattendencycancutinbothdirections,leadingtoeitheralarmorcomplacency(自大).ThoughflukillstensofthousandsofAmericanseveryyear,mostpeoples’experienceswithitarerelativelyordinary.“We’reconditionedbyourexperiences,”saidPaulSlovic,aUniversityofOregonpsychologist.“Butexperiencecanmisleadustobetoocomfortablewiththings.Wearealsoconditionedtofocusheavilyonnewthreats,lookingforanycauseforalarm.”Maybethemostpowerfulshortcutofallisemotion.Ourbrainstranslateemotionalreactionsintowhatwebelievearereasonedconclusions,evenifharddatatellsusotherwise.Theworldinourheadsisnotaprecisecopyofreality.Ourexpectationsaboutfrequencyofeventsaremisinterpretedbythepopularityandemotionalintensityofthemessagestowhichweareexposed.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disregard”inparagraph2mean?A.Fear.B.Ignore.C.Support.D.Prevent.33.Whydoestheauthorgiveanexampleofairplanecrashes?A.Todemonstratehowtotakeashortcut.B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofexperience.C.Toprovepeoplearegoodatmeasuringrisks.D.Toexplainmemoriescanbemisleading.34.Whatmakesmentalshortcutimperfect?A.Representativememories.B.Reasonedconclusions.C.Scaryreports.D.Misinterpretedmessages.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HowwesticktoourbeliefsB.HowourbrainsevaluatethreatC.HowourpastexperiencesshapeusD.Howwemakeourbestchoices【答案】32.B33.D34.D35.B【解析】【导语】第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们的大脑如何评估威胁。专家们曾经认为，人们评估风险的方式就像精算师一样，每次汽车靠得太近或当地犯罪率上升时，都会进行成本效益分析。但20世纪80年代的一波心理学实验否定了这种想法。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Ideally,theseshortcutshelppeoplefigureoutwhichonestoworryabout(理想情况下，这些捷径可以帮助人们弄清楚哪些是值得担心的)”可知，and前后是并列关系，由此可知，划线词部分指的是哪些是不值得担心的，即哪些是可以忽略的。由此可知，划线词disregard与ignore(忽略)意思一致。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Whenyouencounterapotentialrisk,yourbraindoesaquicksearchforpastexperienceswithit.Ifitcaneasilypullupmultiplealarmingmemories,thenyourbrainconcludesthedangerishigh.Butitoftenfailstoassesswhetherthosememoriesaretrulyrepresentative.(当你遇到潜在的风险时，你的大脑会快速搜索过去的经历。如果它能轻易地提取多个令人担忧的记忆，那么你的大脑就会得出结论，危险很高。但它往往无法评估这些记忆是否真正具有代表性)”及第四段中的“Aclassicexampleisairplanecrashes.(一个典型的例子是飞机失事)”可推知，作者举了一个飞机失事的例子来解释记忆可能会误导人。故选D。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Ourexpectationsaboutfrequencyofeventsaremisinterpretedbythepopularityandemotionalintensityofthemessagestowhichweareexposed.(我们对事件发生频率的预期被我们所接触到的信息的受欢迎程度和情感强度所误解)”可知，误解的信息使心理捷径不完美。故选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Expertsusedtobelievethatpeopleassessrisklikeactuaries(精算师),figuringoutcost-benefitanalyseseverytimeacarcametoocloseorlocalcrimeratesrose.Butawaveofpsychologicalexperimentsinthe1980sdeniedthisthinking.(专家们曾经认为，人们评估风险的方式就像精算师一样，每次汽车靠得太近或当地犯罪率上升时，都会进行成本效益分析。但20世纪80年代的一波心理学实验否定了这种想法)”及第二段中的“Researchersfoundthatpeopleuseasetofmentalshortcutsformeasuringdanger.(研究人员发现，人们使用一套心理捷径来衡量危险)”和最后一段中“Ourbrainstranslateemotionalreactionsintowhatwebelievearereasonedconclusions,evenifharddatatellsusotherwise.Theworldinourheadsisnotaprecisecopyofreality.Ourexpectationsaboutfrequencyofeventsaremisinterpretedbythepopularityandemotionalintensityofthemessagestowhichweareexposed.(我们的大脑将情绪反应转化为我们认为是合理的结论，即使实际数据告诉我们并非如此。我们头脑中的世界不是现实的精确复制品。我们对事件发生频率的预期被我们接触到的信息的受欢迎程度和情感强度所误解。)”第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 可知，文章主要介绍了我们的大脑如何评估威胁，B项“我们的大脑如何评估威胁”适合做文章标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Fitnesstrackingdevicesoftenrecommendwetake10,000stepsaday.Butthegoaloftaking10,000stepsisnot,asmanyofusbelieve,rootedinscience.____36____The10,000-stepstargetbecamepopularinJapaninthe1960s.Aclockmaker,hopingtobenefitfrominterestinfitnessafterthe1964TokyoOlympicGames,mass-producedapedometer(计步器)withanamethat,whenwritteninJapanesecharacters,resembledawalkingman.____37____Therefore,itcreatedawalkingaimthat,throughthedecades,somehowgotplantedinourglobalconsciousness—andfitnesstrackers.Buttoday’sbestsciencesuggestswedonotneedtotake10,000stepsaday.____38____Inthatstudy,peoplewhowalkedforabout8,000stepsadaywerehalfaslikelytodieprematurely(过早地)fromheartdiseaseoranyothercauseasthosewhohad4,000stepsaday.____39____Theextrastepsdidnotprovidemuchadditionalprotectionagainstdyingyoung,either.____40____If,likemanypeople,wecurrentlytakeabout5,000stepsadayduringthecourseofeverydayactivitieslikeshoppingandhousework,addingtheextra2,000to3,000stepswouldtakeustoatotalofbetween7,000and8,000stepsmostdays,whichseemstobethestep-countsweetspot.A.Italsotranslatedas“10,000-stepsmeter”.B.Really,manyofusreachthat10,000-stepgoal.C.Infactitisbasedonhistoryratherthanresearch.D.Butthestatisticalbenefitsofadditionalstepswereslight.E.The8,000-stepsadaycouldbeareasonableandachievablegoal.F.Astudyfoundthat10,000stepsadayarenotamustforalonglife.G.Therisksforearlydeathcontinuedtodropamongthosetakingmoresteps.【答案】36.C37.A38.F39.D40.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了我们是否每天应该走1000步。【36题详解】根据上文“Butthegoaloftaking10,000stepsisnot,asmanyofusbelieve,rootedinscience.(但是，走一万步的目标并不像我们许多人认为的那样，是基于科学的)”可知，走一万步的目标并是不基于科学。由此可知，C.Infactitisbasedonhistoryratherthanresearch.(事实上，它是基于历史而不是研究)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选C。【37题详解】根据上文“The10,000-stepstargetbecamepopularinJapaninthe1960s.Aclockmaker,hoping第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 tobenefitfrominterestinfitnessafterthe1964TokyoOlympicGames,mass-producedapedometer(计步器)withanamethat,whenwritteninJapanesecharacters,resembledawalkingman.(20世纪60年代，一万步的目标在日本流行起来。一家钟表制造商希望从1964年东京奥运会后人们对健身的兴趣中获益，于是批量生产了一款计步器，用日文写出来的名字就像一个走路的人)”可知，此处介绍了一万步目标的不同名称。由此可知，A.Italsotranslatedas“10,000-stepsmeter”.(它也被翻译成“一万步米”)能够衔接上文，符合语境。故选A。【38题详解】根据下文“Inthatstudy,peoplewhowalkedforabout8,000stepsadaywerehalfaslikelytodieprematurely(过早地)fromheartdiseaseoranyothercauseasthosewhohad4,000stepsaday.(在那项研究中，每天步行约8000步的人因心脏病或其他原因过早死亡的可能性是每天步行4000步的人的一半)”可知，此处介绍每天走路的步数对寿命的影响。由此可知，F.Astudyfoundthat10,000stepsadayarenotamustforalonglife.(一项研究发现，要想长寿，每天走一万步并不是必须的)能够衔接下文，下文中的thatstudy指代选项中是astudy，符合语境。故选F。【39题详解】根据上文“Buttoday’sbestsciencesuggestswedonotneedtotake10,000stepsaday.(但当今最先进的科学表明，我们不需要每天走一万步)”及下文“Theextrastepsdidnotprovidemuchadditionalprotectionagainstdyingyoung,either.(这些额外的步数也没有提供多少防止英年早逝的额外保护)”可知，我们不需要每天走一万步，额外的步数也没有提供额外的保护。由此可知，D.Butthestatisticalbenefitsofadditionalstepswereslight.(但是，从统计上看，额外的步数带来的好处是微不足道的)能够承上启下，符合语境，其中选项中的additionalsteps对应原文中的extrasteps。故选D。【40题详解】根据下文“If,likemanypeople,wecurrentlytakeabout5,000stepsadayduringthecourseofeverydayactivitieslikeshoppingandhousework,addingtheextra2,000to3,000stepswouldtakeustoatotalofbetween7,000and8,000stepsmostdays,whichseemstobethestep-countsweetspot.(如果像许多人一样，我们目前每天在购物和做家务等日常活动中走5000步左右，那么加上额外的2000到3000步，我们大多数日子的总步数将达到7000到8000步，这似乎是步数的最佳点)”可知，本段指出7000到8000步似乎是步数的最佳点。由此可知，E.The8,000-stepsadaycouldbeareasonableandachievablegoal.(每天走8000步可能是一个合理且可以实现的目标)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MyDad’sJeepWhenmyfatherdied,Igothiscar.Eightyearslater,it’s____41____.HowamIsupposedtosaygood-bye____42____?“Whydoesourcarlooksodirty?”my5-year-olddaughter,Fianna,recentlyasked.“Thiscarissuper____43____.”Ireplied.“Becauseit’sGrandpaJack’s?”Fiannaaskedaswe____44____outoftheschoolparkinglot.Ismiledandnodded.Ithaskepthim____45____eversince.ToFianna,GrandpaJackisaconcept,nota(n)____46____personsheknows.Fianna’ssayingmyfather’snameremindsmeofhiscurrent____47____.It’sthen—andallthetimesI____48____hiswarmhugsorthegentletoneofhisvoice—thatthecar____49____me.It’s_____50_____onwheelsthatmyfatherexistedandthat,foraperiod,he_____51_____mylifewithlove.Onerecentmorning,Ipulledupintoourdrivewayafter_____52_____Fiannaoffatschool.ThenIparked,playedBenKing’s“StandByMe”loudlyovertheoldspeakers,andstayed_____53_____.Iletevery_____54_____ofmydadthatthesongandtheJeepcreatedsitwithmeinthecar.IwishI_____55_____hadtosaygood-byetomyfather.AtleastIstillhavetimetolearnhowtosaygood-byetoacar.41.A.fadingawayB.shootingupC.fallingapartD.dyingout42.A.oftenB.occasionallyC.obviouslyD.again43.A.originalB.specialC.ordinaryD.adjustable44.A.leftB.brokeC.ranD.pulled45.A.aliveB.consciousC.warmD.quiet46.A.toughB.realC.honestD.innocent47.A.situationB.absenceC.stateD.job48.A.meetB.receiveC.missD.recognize49.A.shocksB.toleratesC.surroundsD.comforts50.A.proofB.adviceC.progressD.news51.A.occupiedB.balancedC.filledD.replaced52.A.keepingB.knockingC.droppingD.showing53.A.puzzledB.alarmedC.refreshedD.seated54.A.versionB.memoryC.viewD.treatment55.A.everB.somehowC.neverD.seldom第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】41.C42.D43.B44.D45.A46.B47.B48.C49.D50.A51.C52.C53.D54.B55.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在父亲去世后，得到了他的吉普车，八年后，汽车散架了，他不得不和父亲的汽车说再见，从而引发了对父亲的无限怀念。【41题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：八年后，它散架了。A.fadingaway逐渐消失；B.shootingup射击；C.fallingapart散架；D.dyingout逐渐消亡。根据下文“HowamIsupposedtosaygood-bye____2____?”可知，父亲的吉普车散架了，不能使用了。故选C。【42题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我该怎么再一次说再见呢？A.often经常；B.occasionally偶尔；C.obviously明显地；D.again再一次。根据上文“Whenmyfatherdied,Igothiscar.Eightyearslater,it’s____1____.”可知，父亲死后，我得到了他的吉普车，现在它也不能用了，我不得不再说再见。故选D。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这辆车非常特别。A.original起初的；B.special特殊的；C.ordinary普通的；D.adjustable可调节的。根据上文“Whenmyfatherdied,Igothiscar.”及下文“Ithaskepthim____5____eversince.”可知，这是父亲的车，所以跟自己的女儿解释，这辆车非常特别。故选B。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“因为它是杰克爷爷的？”我们把车开出学校停车场时，菲安娜问。A.left离开；B.broke断裂；C.ran运行；D.pulled(把车)开到某处停下。根据下文“outoftheschoolparkinglot.”可知，此处指把车开出学校停车场。固定搭配pullout“驶出”。故选D。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让他一直活到现在。A.alive活的；B.conscious清醒的；C.warm温暖的；D.quiet安静的。根据下文“It’s____10____onwheelsthatmyfatherexistedandthat,foraperiod,he____11____mylifewithlove.”可知，此处指这辆车让我感觉父亲还活着。故选A。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对菲安娜来说，杰克爷爷只是一个概念，而不是她认识的一个真实的人。A.tough坚韧的；B.real真实的；C.honest诚实的；D.innocent无辜的。根据上文“ToFianna,GrandpaJackisaconcept”可知，对菲安娜来说，杰克爷爷只是一个概念，而不是她认识的一个真实的人。故选B。第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：菲安娜说我父亲的名字让我想起他现在不在。A.situation情况；B.absence不在；C.state状态；D.job工作。根据上文“Whenmyfatherdied,Igothiscar.”可知，父亲已经不在了。故选B。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，每当我怀念他温暖的拥抱，或是那位绅士的声音时，那辆车就会安慰我。A.meet遇见；B.receive接收；C.miss怀念；D.recognize认出。根据下文“hiswarmhugsorthegentletoneofhisvoice”可知，此处指怀念父亲温暖的拥抱和声音。故选C。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，每当我想念他怀念的拥抱，或是那位绅士的声音时，那辆车就会安慰我。A.shocks使震惊；B.tolerates忍受；C.surrounds围绕；D.comforts安慰。根据上文“Ithaskepthim____5____eversince.”可知，此处指当怀念父亲的时候，这辆车给了我安慰。故选D。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我父亲存在的证据，在一段时间里，他让我的生活充满了爱。A.proof证据；B.advice建议；C.progress进展；D.news消息。根据上文“Whenmyfatherdied,Igothiscar.”可知，此处指这辆车是我父亲存在的证据。故选A。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我父亲存在的证据，在一段时间里，他让我的生活充满了爱。A.occupied占用；B.balanced平衡；C.filled填充；D.replaced替换。根据下文“mylifewithlove”可知，此处指他让我的生活充满了爱。固定搭配fill...with...“充满”。故选C。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一个早晨，我把菲安娜送到学校后，把车停在我家的车道上。A.keeping保持；B.knocking敲击；C.dropping中途卸客；D.showing显示。根据下文“Fiannaoffatschool.”可知，此处指把女儿开车送到学校。故选C。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后我把车停好，用旧喇叭大声播放本·金的《伴我左右》，然后坐在座位上。A.puzzled困惑的；B.alarmed报警的；C.refreshed恢复精神的；D.seated就坐的。根据上文“ThenIparked,playedBenKing’s“StandByMe”loudlyovertheoldspeakers”可知，此处指停下车，坐在座位上。故选D。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我让这首歌和那辆吉普创造的关于我父亲的每一段记忆都和我一起坐在车里。A.version版本；B.memory记忆；C.view观点；D.treatment治疗。根据下文第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 “thatthesongandtheJeepcreatedsitwithmeinthecar”可知，此处指这首歌和那辆吉普创造的关于我父亲的每一段记忆。故选B。【55题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我希望我永远不用跟我父亲说再见。A.ever曾经；B.somehow不知怎么的；C.never永不；D.seldom很少。根据语境及常识可知，我对父亲充满了怀念，希望永远不用跟我父亲说再见。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Everyday,DuanLianruspendsseveralhourssittinginherofficeinHunchun,Jilinprovincetomakea____56____(compare)ofhundredsofphotosofSiberiantigersonthecomputer.“Itseemsalittleboring,but____57____(basic)Ienjoythework,whichmakesaconnectionbetweenmeandthebigcats,”saidthe36-year-oldmonitorfromtheresearchmonitoringcenteroftheNortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalPark.Thepark____58____(stretch)acrosstheprovincesofJilinandHeilongjiang.Duanisresponsibleforidentifyingthetigersaccordingtopatternson____59____(they)furandgivingthemsomethinglike____60____identitycard.Thepark,____61____sizeexceeds(超过)1.4millionhectares,isthemostimportanthabitatforwildSiberiantigersandAmurleopardsinChina.TheSiberiantigers’“IDcards”come____62____alotofimportantbasicdatathataidsscientificconservation.____63____(base)onsuchinformation,Duandrawsthefamilytreesofthetigers.Recentyears____64____(see)aremarkableincreaseinthevarietyandnumberofwildanimalsandmoretigerfamilieshavebeenfound,includingsomebacktwoorthreegenerations.“Ifeelquitehonoredtobeinvolvedinsuchsignificantwork.”Duansaid.“_____65_____(create)amorebeautifulworld,humansandwildanimals,Ihope,canliveinharmony.”【答案】56comparison57.basically58.stretches59.their60.an61.whose62.with63.Based64.haveseen##hasseen65.Tocreate【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了东北虎豹国家公园搜索监测中心的管理员段连儒的工作及意义。【56题详解】第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 考查名词。句意：每天，段连儒都会花几个小时坐在她位于吉林省珲春市的办公室里，对比电脑上数百张东北虎的照片。此处作宾语，应用名词comparison，可数名词，前有不定冠词，应用名词单数形式。故填comparison。【57题详解】考查副词。句意：“这似乎有点无聊，但基本上我喜欢这份工作，这让我和这些大型猫科动物建立了联系，”这位36岁的东北虎豹国家公园搜索监测中心的管理员说。此处修饰后面整句话的内容，应用副词basically，作状语。故填basically。【58题详解】考查动词时态。句意：公园横跨吉林和黑龙江两省。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语Thepark是第三人称单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。【59题详解】考查代词。句意：段负责根据老虎皮毛上的图案识别老虎，并给它们发放类似身份证的东西。此处修饰名词fur，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。【60题详解】考查冠词。句意：段负责根据老虎皮毛上的图案识别老虎，并给它们发放类似身份证的东西。此处泛指“一张身份证”，应用不定冠词，identity的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。【61题详解】考查定语从句。句意：该公园面积超过140万公顷，是中国野生东北虎和远东豹最重要的栖息地。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是park，关系词在从句中作size的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。【62题详解】考查介词。句意：东北虎的“身份证”上有很多重要的基础数据，有助于科学保护。此处表示“带有”，应用介词with。故填with。【63题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据这些信息，段画出了老虎的家谱。固定短语bebasedon“根据，以……为基础”，省略be动词，使用过去分词，作状语。故填Based。【64题详解】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：近年来，野生动物的种类和数量都有了显著的增加，人们发现了更多的虎科，其中一些是两代或三代虎科。根据句意可知，此处表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语Recentyears，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以复数，即助动词可以使用have或has。故填haveseen或hasseen。【65题详解】第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了创造一个更美丽的世界，我希望人类和野生动物能够和谐相处。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填Tocreate。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）66.假定你是李华,你校学生会决定发起一项慈善活动，号召同学们帮助老年人学会使用智能手机，请你在学校英文报上写一封倡议信。内容包括：1.活动的原因；2.活动的内容。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dearfellowstudents,Smartphonesareessentialintoday’sworld.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________TheStudents’Union【答案】Dearfellowstudents,Smartphonesareessentialintoday’sworld.However,manyseniorcitizensfinditdifficulttousethem.Inviewofthisphenomenon,wewouldliketocallonallofyoutogiveahand.Volunteersareinneed.Joinus,andyoucancontributebydemonstratinghowtoshoponline,makeappointmentswithdoctorsorcommunicateonsocialmediawithsmartphones.OryoucandesignpostersexplainingtotheelderlyhowtoguardagainstthepotentialdangerofInternetfrauds.Smallactsofkindnesswillgoalongway.Lookforwardtoyouractiveparticipation.TheStudents’Union【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假定你是李华，你校学生会决定发起一项慈善活动，号召同学们帮助老年人学会使用智能手机，请你在学校英文报上写一封倡议信。【详解】1.词汇积累呼吁：callon→appealto伸出援手：giveahand→lendahand防范：guardagainst→keepaway积极的：active=positive第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：OryoucandesignpostersexplainingtotheelderlyhowtoguardagainstthepotentialdangerofInternetfrauds.拓展句：Oryoucandesignposters,whichexplaintotheelderlyhowtoguardagainstthepotentialdangerofInternetfrauds.【点睛】[高分句型1]However,manyseniorcitizensfinditdifficulttousethem.(运用了it作形式宾语)[高分句型2]OryoucandesignpostersexplainingtotheelderlyhowtoguardagainstthepotentialdangerofInternetfrauds.(运用了现在分词短语作后置定语)第二节（满分25分）67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。AnothertermhadstartedandIhadtoattendthefirstlectureofthenewcourse.Thelecturertoldustomakegroupsoftwostudentsforaproject.IlookedtotherightandtherewasmyclassmateJacksittingthere.AndIdecidedmyselfthathewouldbemygroupmember.Ontheleftside,therewasanolderwomanwhowasfromanopenuniversity.Wetalkedabouttheprojectanddecidedtomakeagroupofthree.Duringthebreak,shetoldmethat,lastyear,shedidn’tmanagetopassthecourse,soshewouldtryagain.Laterwegotanemailfromourlecturersayingitwasnotallowedtomakegroupsofthreestudents.Theoldladythentriedtofindsomegroups,butfailed.Iknewshewouldn’tfindothergroups,soItoldherthatwecoulddotheprojecttogether.IhadtosaygoodbyetoJack.Aftermanymeetings,wefinishedtheproject.Inthelastmeeting,ItoldherIhaddifficultyinfindingasummerjob.Iwaslivinginasmalltownandthereweren’tmanyjobsavailableandneitherhadIanypreviousexperience.Sheadvisedmetokeepdoingit,asonewouldfinallyanswersomeday.Shethenthankedmeforhelpingherandbeforeleavingshesaid“seeyou”.Twoweekslater,Igotanemailfromacompanysayingtheyhadreceivedmyjobapplicationanddecidedtocallmeforajobinterview.Iappearedfortheinterviewandansweredthequestionsinterviewersraised.Intheend,theyaskedmewhereIhadlearnedabouttheopenjobposition.Infact,IhadnoideasoItoldthemIdidn’trememberwell.TheycalledmethreedayslaterandtoldmeIcouldstartinMay.ThatwouldbethefirsttimeIwouldbeworkingasasoftwareengineerandIcouldn’tdescribewhatIfeltlike.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Oneday,IarrivedatworkandInoticedonefamiliarcar.第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Shetoldmethatshereallyunderstoodmeatthattime.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Oneday,IarrivedatworkandInoticedonefamiliarcar.Theregistrationnumberandcolorweresomehowknowntome.IwascertainIhadseenthiscarbefore.Anyway,Iwentinsidethebuildingandopenedmylaptop.Atthismoment,Iheardsomeonesaying“Hi,howisitgoing?”.ThatladyIhadhelpedinuniversitywasinfrontofmyeyes.Isaid“Hi,wow,doyoualsoworkhere?”,shereplied“yes,Iworkhere.”Iwasinshock.Shetoldmethatshereallyunderstoodmeatthattime.BecauseshehadbeeninasimilarsituationwhenshewasyoungandthatIhadhelpedhersomuch,shetriedtoconvincehermanagertogivemeachance.WhenIaskedherwhydidn’tshetellme,shesaid:“Iactuallysaid‘seeyou’,didn’tyourealizeit?”Thatmoment,IrealizedthatmyattitudewasrightandIshouldkeepit,astheladysaid.Weshouldalwayshelpotherpeopleinneed.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者参加新课程的第一节课时，讲师让他们两人一组做一个项目，一开始他和他的同学杰克组成一个小组，后来有一个上年纪的女人一直没有找到组，讲师还不允许他们组成三人组，于是作者和这个女人组成小组，让杰克去另寻小组，最终他们完成了这个项目，女人给予了作者鼓励的故事。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“一天，我去上班，注意到一辆熟悉的车。”可知，第一段可描写作者在上班的地方又遇到他曾经帮助过的女人的经过。②由第二段首句内容“‘她告诉我，那时她真的很理解我。”可知，第二段可描写那个女人为什么和如何帮助作者的。2.续写线索：偶遇他曾经帮助过的女人——震惊——女人解释帮助作者的原因及经过——感悟3.词汇激活第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司 行为类①帮助：help/assist②说服：convince/persuade③保持：keep/maintain情绪类①确定的：certain/sure②震惊的：beinshock/shocked【点睛】[高分句型1]ThatladyIhadhelpedinuniversitywasinfrontofmyeyes.(运用了省略关系代词的定语从句)[高分句型2]WhenIaskedherwhydidn’tshetellme,shesaid:“Iactuallysaid‘seeyou’,didn’tyourealizeit?”(运用了when引导的时间状语从句和why引导的宾语从句)[高分句型3]Thatmoment,IrealizedthatmyattitudewasrightandIshouldkeepit,astheladysaid.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和as引导的方式状语从句)第24页/共24页学科网（北京）股份有限公司