海南省2022-2023学年高一英语上学期期末学业水平诊断（一）试题（Word版附解析）

海南省2022—2023学年高一年级学业水平诊断(一)英语考生注意：1.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上,并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whoisstudyingabroad?A.Theman.B.Thewomanspeaker.C.Thewomanspeaker’smom.2.Whatmakessomefarmersstruggle?A.Higherproductioncosts.B.Lackofwell-paidjobs.C.Dropofthericeprice.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theharmofsmoking.B.Stepstoquitsmoking.C.Thepopulationofsmokers.4.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Takeawalkwiththewoman.B.Dosomeshopping.C.Tourthebeach. 5.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inashop.B.Inaplane.C.Inacar.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whatdoesthemanthinkofcitylife?A.Quiet.B.Tiring.C.Easy7.Whatmightthemandonext?A.Lookforanapartment.B.Walkaroundhishouse.C.Moveoutsidethecity.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。8.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Plantingaflower.B.Makingclothing.C.Runningafterabutterfly.9.Whatdoesthewomanhavetodo?A.Waitpatiently.B.Spendmuchtimeonthework.C.Workhardwithteammatestowin.10.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.FriendsB.Strangers.C.Husbandandwife.听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。11.Whichpethasthreecolors?A.MonkB.Cuddy,C.Kneesaa.12.Howmanypetsdoesthemanhave?A.TwoB.None.C.Three.13.Whatisthewomanlikeaccordingtotheconversation?A.Loving.B.Hard-working.C.Outgoing听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。14.WhatcoloristheChristmasRabbitmostly?A.Red.B.B]ack.C.White15.Howdokidsgetthecandyandchocolate?A.Theybuythemfromtheshops.B.Theygetthemfromneighbors.C.Theythemselveslookforthem.16.WhatoncepuzzledthewomanabouttheChristmasRabbit? A.ItsageB.Itssize.C.Itslooks.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.WhydidNahiddropoutofschool?A.Therewasnoschoolbus.B.Shehadtoomuchhouseworktodo.C.Herfamilywastoopoor.18.WhatdoweknowaboutBihar?A.ItisanIndianstate.B.Itisthepooreststateintheworld.C.Itsgovernmentsellsbikestogirls.19.WhatdidLusenodolastyear?A.Sheleftschool.B.Shechangedschool.C.Shewenttoschoolbybike.20.Whatmainlypreventsgirlsfromattendingschool?A.Theirfamily.B.Alongwaytogotoschool.C.Badschoolconditions.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFourRecommendedBooksonNewScienceCatsvsDogs¥111.00Theanimalworldisastrangeandwonderfulplace,andscientistsarealwaysdiscoveringfascinatingandsurprisingtruthsintothelivesofeverythingfromthetiniestinsecttothebiggestanimal.Broughttogetherforthefirsttime,CatsvsDogsdescribestheverybestanimal-relatedquestionsandanswersfromNewScientistreaders.CatsvsDogsshowstheanimalkingdomyou’veneverseenbefore.ThisBookCouldFixYourLife¥94.00Weallwanttobehappier,moresuccessfulandlessstressed,butwhatreallyworks?Frombuildingconfidencetoformingbetterrelationshipsandgettingsmarter(andhealthier),ThisBookCouldFixYourLifeexplorestherealsciencebehindself-helpbasedonthelatestresearchinNewScientist.Fullofscientificadviceandpackedwithexperimentsyoucantryonyourself,thisbookreallycouldhelpyoufixyourlife.Chance¥68.00 Lookingintowhatwecallchance,andwhatitreallymeans,Chanceispartofabest-sellingNewScientistseriesbringingtogethersomeofNewScientist’ssharpestminds,thistimetoprovidefascinatingunderstandingofthestrangeworldofwhatwecallchance.Exploreeverythingfromthesecretsofcoincidencetothescienceofaccidentalnumbergeneration.Learnmoreaboutwhatchancereallymeansinthisbest-sellingNewScientistseries.Anti-Zoo¥85.00Whichanimalhasthebiggestmouth?Cancrocodilesusetools?Aresheepreallyasstupidaseveryonethinks?Findouttheanswerstoallthesequestions,andmanymore,inNewScientist’sAnti-Zoo.Preparetomeet50ofthestrangest,mostfrighteningandunexpectedanimalsknowntoscience.Fromtheworld’snicestbird(whichhasareally,reallydarkside)totheflythathitsitswaythroughsolidrock,theseareuniquecreaturesoftheanimalkingdom.1.WhatcanreadersgetfromThisBookCouldFixYourLife?A.Goodwaystoraisepets.B.Keystounderstandingthelatestresearch.C.Opportunitiesforsuccess.D.Adviceonimprovingtheirlife.2.WhichwordcanbestdescribethecreaturesinAnti-Zoo?A.Nice.B.SmartC.Unusual.D.Dangerous.3.Whichbookmightinterestapersonwhowouldliketotryhisluck?A.Chance.B.Anti-Zoo.C.CatsvsDogs.D.ThisBookCouldFixYourLife.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本书的情况。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ThisBookCouldFixYourLife部分中“Fullofscientificadviceandpackedwithexperimentsyoucantryonyourself,thisbookreallycouldhelpyoufixyourlife.(这本书充满了科学建议和你可以自己尝试的实验，真的可以帮助你改善你的生活)”可知，读者能从ThisBookCouldFixYourLife这本书中学到关于改善他们生活的建议。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Anti-Zoo部分中“Whichanimalhasthebiggestmouth?Cancrocodilesusetools?Aresheepreallyasstupidaseveryonethinks?Findouttheanswerstoallthesequestions,andmanymore,inNewScientist’sAnti-Zoo.Preparetomeet50ofthestrangest,mostfrighteningandunexpectedanimalsknowntoscience.Fromtheworld’snicestbird(whichhasareally,reallydarkside)totheflythathitsitswaythroughsolidrock,theseareuniquecreaturesoftheanimalkingdom.(哪种动物的嘴最大？鳄鱼会使用工具吗？绵羊真的像大家想的那样愚蠢吗？在 《新科学家》的《反动物园》中找到所有这些问题的答案，还有更多。准备好迎接科学界已知的50种最奇怪、最可怕、最意想不到的动物吧。从世界上最好的鸟(它有非常非常黑暗的一面)到能穿过坚硬岩石的苍蝇，这些都是动物王国里独特的生物)”可知，Anti-Zoo中的动物是不寻常的。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Chance部分中“Exploreeverythingfromthesecretsofcoincidencetothescienceofaccidentalnumbergeneration.Learnmoreaboutwhatchancereallymeansinthisbest-sellingNewScientistseries.(探索一切，从巧合的秘密到意外数字生成的科学。在这个畅销的《新科学家》系列中了解更多关于巧合的真正含义)”可知，Chance会让想碰碰运气的人感兴趣。故选A。BAtaskcalled“OperationNoah’sArk”wascarriedouttocage(装笼子)andshiphundredsofbirdsoffPineIslandinFloridaafteritwashithardbyHurricane(飓风)lan.ThegovernmentcalledonpeopleofPineIslandtogiveuptheirhomesbecauseofdamagedroadsincludingabrokenbridgethatpreventeddeliveriesoffood,gasandotherlife-supportingsupplies.ButWillPeratinoandLaurenSteppdidnotwanttoleaveandgiveuptheir275parrotsattheMalamaManuSanctuary.“Wewouldnotgivethemup.Iwouldneverleavethem.Never,”StepptoldTheAssociatedPress.“Iftheycannotbefedorwatered,theywilldie.AndIcan’tlivewiththat.”ThebirdshadbeenrelyingonfooddonatedbywildlifeofficialssinceHurricanelanhit,butthesupplyoffruit,peanutsandotherfoodswouldsoonbehardtocomebybecauseofthebrokenbridgeandthelackofgasontheisland.BryanStern,thefounderandleaderofProjectDynamo,saidhisteamhadsavedatleastsixdogsandthreecatsbeforeTuesday’smassiverescue(救援).“Oursavedanimalnumbersaresmallcomparedwiththenumberofthe100cagesofparrotsthatweareabouttosave,”Sternsaid,beforecarryingouttherescuetask.“WillandLaurenownthepreserve,andtheirheartsandsoulsareinthebirds.Sothey’regoingthroughtheirownsufferingfromthehurricaneandhavingtorebuildtheirlives.Theylostallkindsofthings.”Thevolunteerswerenotabouttoletthathappen.Forseveralhours,thevolunteersusednetsandtheirhandstoputthebirdsintocages.“Tohaveeverybirdsafeisahugetask,”Peratinosaid.“Imean,it’salmostimpossibletodo.Sothehelpwe’vegottenhasbeenpriceless.”4.Whydidtheofficialsaskpeopletoleavetheisland?A.Thedestroyedhomesneededrebuilding.B.Theparrotsnolongerneededtheirhelp.C.Therewerenoroadstodelivergoods.D.Amorepowerfulhurricanewould come.5.WhydidPeratinoandStepprefusetoleavetheisland?A.Torepairtheirhouse.B.Tocarryouttheirexperiment.C.Tohelpwiththerescue.D.Totakecareoftheirparrots.6.WhatcanbelearnedfromStern’swords?A.AnewhomewillbebuiltforPeratinoandStepp.B.Manymoreanimalsneedtobesaved.C.Parrotsaremoreimportantthanotheranimals.D.Allanimalswillbetakenawayincages.7.WhatdidPeratinothinkofthevolunteers’effort?A.Itwasmeaningful.B.Itwasnotworththerisk.C.Itencouragedmorepeopletotakepart.D.Itturnedouttobefruitless.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一项名为“诺亚方舟行动”的任务被执行，在佛罗里达州的松树岛遭受飓风重创后，马拉马马努保护区数百只鹦鹉被志愿者装入笼子并运送出去的事件。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Ataskcalled“OperationNoah’sArk”wascarriedouttocage(装笼子)andshiphundredsofbirdsoffPineIslandinFloridaafteritwashithardbyHurricane(飓风)lan.(一项名为“诺亚方舟行动”的任务在佛罗里达州的松岛受到飓风“兰”的严重袭击后进行，将数百只鸟关在笼子里并运送出去)”可知，松岛遭遇了飓风袭击；第二段“ThegovernmentcalledonpeopleofPineIslandtogiveuptheirhomesbecauseofdamagedroads,includingabrokenbridgethatpreventeddeliveriesoffood,gasandotherlife-supportingsupplies.(政府呼吁松树岛的人们放弃他们的家园，因为道路受损，包括一座断桥，阻碍了食品、天然气和其他生活必需品的运送)”可知，因为飓风导致道路、桥梁受损，松岛上的人将无法得到食物、天然气和其他生活用品，所以官员们要求岛上的人们离开这个岛。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“ButWillPeratinoandLaurenSteppdidnotwanttoleaveandgiveuptheir275parrotsattheMalamaManuSanctuary.(但威尔·佩拉蒂诺和劳伦·斯特普不想离开，他们不想放弃在马拉马马努保护区的275只鹦鹉)”以及最后一句“Iftheycannotbefedorwatered,theywilldie.AndIcan’tlivewiththat.(如果它们得不到食物和水，它们就会死。我无法忍受)”可知，Peratino和Stepp拒绝离开这个岛，他们要留下来照顾保护区里的275只鹦鹉。故选D项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段““Oursavedanimalnumbersaresmallcomparedwiththenumberof the100cagesofparrotsthatweareabouttosave,”Sternsaid,beforecarryingouttherescuetask.“WillandLaurenownthepreserve,andtheirheartsandsoulsareinthebirds.Sothey’regoingthroughtheirownsufferingfromthehurricaneandhavingtorebuildtheirlives.Theylostallkindsofthings.”(“与我们即将拯救的100笼鹦鹉相比，我们拯救的动物数量很少，”斯特恩在执行救援任务前说。“威尔和劳伦拥有保护区，他们的心和灵魂都在鸟类身上，所以他们正在经历飓风带来的痛苦，不得不重建他们的生活。他们失去了所有的东西。”)”可知，从斯特恩的话中可知，他们这次的行动能拯救100笼鹦鹉；根据第三段第一句“ButWillPeratinoandLaurenSteppdidnotwanttoleaveandgiveuptheir275parrotsattheMalamaManuSanctuary.(但威尔·佩拉蒂诺和劳伦·斯特普不想离开，他们不想放弃在马拉马马努保护区的275只鹦鹉)”可推断，保护区里还有更多的动物需要被拯救。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Forseveralhours,thevolunteersusednetsandtheirhandstoputthebirdsintocages.“Tohaveeverybirdsafeisahugetask,”Peratinosaid.“Imean,it’salmostimpossibletodo.Sothehelpwe’vegottenhasbeenpriceless.”(志愿者们用了几个小时的时间用网和手把这些鸟放进笼子里。“确保每只鸟的安全是一项艰巨的任务，”佩拉蒂诺说。“我的意思是，这几乎是不可能的。所以我们得到的帮助是无价的。”)”可推知，Peratino认为志愿者的努力是有意义的。故选A项。CRecently14-year-oldHariniLoganwontheScrippsNationalSpellingBeeintheUnitedStates.Shecorrectlyspelled22wordsduring90seconds.MostAmericans,however,wouldfinditdifficulttospellanyofthesewords!Fromanearlyage,nativeEnglishspeakersknowtherearecleardifferencesbetweenhowwordsarepronouncedandhowtheyarespelled.ButtheydonotknowthatthedifferencesareuniquetoEnglishamongmajorlanguages.LanguageslikeItalianorFinnishcanbespelledmoreeasilybecauseeachlettermatchesonesound.Studentsstudyingtheselanguagescanhave90percentreadingaccuracy(正确率)afterthefirstyear.InEnglish,manylettershavetwoormoresounds.Thisiswhyevenafteryearsoflearning,studentsofEnglisharestillfarbelowItalianorFinnishstudentsinreadingaccuracy.EnglishstartedasaGermaniclanguage.ItismostcloselyconnectedtoGermanandDutch,especiallyingrammarandbasicvocabulary.DuringtheNormanattackinthe12thcentury,OldEnglishwasspokenbutFrenchwasusedingovernmentandformalpapers.Asaresult,moreFrenchandLatinwordsenteredtheEnglishlanguage.Theprintingmachinewasinventedinthelate1400s.ThishelpedtoestablishEnglishspellingandstrengthentheconnectionbetweenhowEnglishisspokenandhowitiswritten.TheEnglishoftodayishowthelanguagewaswrittenatthetime.However,thespokenlanguagestartedtochangeinthe1500swiththepronunciationofalllong vowels(元音),especiallyinsouthernEngland.Forexample,theword“bite”waspronouncedcloserto“beet”inthe1400s,beforechangingthroughtheyearstoitspresentsound.TheeffectwasthattheEnglishlanguagehadoldspellings,butnewsounds.Englishhas26letters,butover44differentsoundsdependonthedifferenceofspokenEnglish.Thereareseveralsoundsfromonlyoneletter.Forexample,theletter“C”cansoundlikean“S”asin“city”,anditalsosoundslikea“K”asin“cat”.8.WhyisItalianeasiertospellthanEnglish?A.There’refewerItalianletters.B.Itisusedmorewidely.C.Eachletterofithasacertainsound.D.Thewordsofitaremadeupoffewerletters.9.Whatroledidtheinventionoftheprintingmachineplay?A.IthelpedconnectwrittenandspokenEnglish.B.ItmadewrittenEnglishmuchsimpler.C.Itchangedthespokenlanguage.D.Itseparatedspellingfrompronunciation.10.Whatinfluencedidthespokenlanguagechangehaveinthe1500s?A.Spellingsmatchedsounds.B.Englishwaseasiertolearn.C.Oldspellingswerechanged.D.Newpronunciationappeared.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatIstheBestWaytoMasterEnglish?B.WhyIsSpellinginEnglishSoDifficult?C.HowHasEnglishDevelopedintoaModernLanguage?D.WhenDidLettersStarttoHaveMorethanOneSound?【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。通过14岁的哈里尼·洛根赢得了美国斯克里普斯全国拼写比赛的故事，引出本文要谈论的话题——导致英语词汇书写困难的因素。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“LanguageslikeItalianorFinnishcanbespelledmoreeasilybecauseeachlettermatchesonesound.(像意大利语或芬兰语这样的语言更容易拼写，因为每个字母都匹配一个声音。)”可知，意大利语比英语更容易拼写，因为它的每个字母都有一个特定的发音。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Theprintingmachinewasinventedinthelate1400s.ThishelpedtoestablishEnglishspellingandstrengthentheconnectionbetweenhowEnglishisspokenandhowitiswritten.(印刷机发明于15世纪晚期。这有助于建立英语拼写，并加强英语口语和写作之间的联系。)”可知，印刷机的发明有助于连接书面英语和口语。故选A。 【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“TheeffectwasthattheEnglishlanguagehadoldspellingsbutnewsounds.(结果是英语有了旧的拼写，但有了新的发音。)”可知，16世纪英语口语变化带来的影响是，英语保留了旧的拼写，但产生了新的发音。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Recently,14-year-oldHariniLoganwontheScrippsNationalSpellingBeeintheUnitedStates.Shecorrectlyspelled22wordsduring90seconds.MostAmericans,however,wouldfinditdifficulttospellanyofthesewords!(最近，14岁的哈里尼·洛根赢得了美国斯克里普斯全国拼字比赛。她在90秒内正确拼写了22个单词。然而，大多数美国人会发现这些单词都很难拼写!)”及全文可知，通过14岁的哈里尼·洛根赢得了美国斯克里普斯全国拼写比赛的故事，引出本文要谈论的话题——为什么英语词汇书写困难。所以“WhyIsSpellinginEnglishSoDifficult?(为什么英语拼写这么难?)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。DLatinAmerica’sfirstrenewablefuel-powered,trash-trappingwheeliscleaningoneofPanama’sdirtiestrivers.Alocalenvironmentalgroupledtheeffort.Thewheelispoweredbywaterandsunenergy.ItpullswasteoutoftheJuanDiazRiver.MostofthewastecomesfromthecapitalareaofPanamaCity,whereabout2millionpeoplelive.Thousandsofkilogramsofrubbishflowdowntheriverintotheoceaneachyear.RobertGetmanistheleaderoftheproject.“Cleaningbeachesisgood,”hesaid,“butitismoreeffectiveandcheapertotraprubbishinriversbecausewhenitreachestheocean,theenvironmentalandeconomiccostbecomestoohigh.”TheenvironmentalgroupMareaVerdecreatedthewheel,whichisnamedWandaDiaz,inlateSeptember.BythemiddleofOctober,Wandahadgathered28.6cubicmetersofplasticbottlesfromthewater.TheJuanDiazRiverisoneofthemostpollutedinPanama.Wastesystemsintheareaarepoor,andlanddevelopmentisnotwellsupervised.TheriveralsopassesthroughPanamaCity,oneofCentralAmerica’slargestcities.Overfiveyears,MareaVerdeprojectshaveslowedthespreadofrubbishalongPanama’sriversandcoastline.Earlier,thegroupintroducedits“BarrierorTrash”technology,afloatingdevice.Itcaughtmorethan100metrictonsofwasteintheMatiasHernandezRiverbetween2019and2020.“Wewanttoraiseawarenessthatwecanpreventthedeathofthisveryimportantriver,”saidMareaVerdememberSandyWatemberg.Sheexpressedherhopethatthewheelwillhelp.Butshealsopointedtotheneedforthosewhousesingle-useplasticstorethinktheirbehavior.“Themostimportantthingistoachieveachangeinhabits,”shesaid.12.Whatmakesthewheelthefirstofitskind? A.Itssize.B.Itspower.C.Itsshape.D.Itscolor.13.WhichstatementmatchesRobertGetman’sopinion?A.We’dbetterremoverubbishbeforeitentersthesea.B.Weshouldcleanbeachessoasnottopollutethesea.C.It’scheapforhumanstocleanuptheocean.D.It’sbettertoleavewasteintheseathanintheriver.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“supervised”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Supposed.B.Protected.C.Accepted.D.Controlled.15.WhatdidSandyWatembergcallonpeopletodo?A.Supporttheproject.B.Usesingle-useplasticsmore.C.Changetheirhabits.D.Realizethedangertheriverisin.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了拉丁美洲首个以可再生燃料为动力的垃圾收集轮正在清理巴拿马一条最脏的河流。当地的一个环保组织领导了这项工作。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“LatinAmerica’sfirstrenewablefuel-powered,trash-trappingwheeliscleaningoneofPanama’sdirtiestrivers.(拉丁美洲首个以可再生燃料为动力的垃圾收集轮正在清理巴拿马一条最脏的河流)”可知，供能系统让这个轮子成为同类中的第一个。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据“RobertGetmanistheleaderoftheproject.“Cleaningbeachesisgood,”hesaid,“butitismoreeffectiveandcheapertotraprubbishinriversbecausewhenitreachestheocean,theenvironmentalandeconomiccostbecomestoohigh.”(RobertGetman是该项目的负责人。“清理海滩很好，”他说，“但把垃圾困在河里更有效、更便宜，因为当垃圾流入海洋时，环境和经济成本太高了。”)”可知，RobertGetman认为我们最好在垃圾进入海洋之前把它清除掉。故选A。【14题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“TheJuanDiazRiverisoneofthemostpollutedinPanama.Wastesystemsintheareaarepoor,andlanddevelopmentisnotwell”可知，胡安迪亚兹河是巴拿马污染最严重的河流之一。该地区的废物处理系统很差，由此可知，其土地开发也没有得到很好的保护。故画线词意思是“保护”。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Butshealsopointedtotheneedforthosewhousesingle-use plasticstorethinktheirbehavior.“Themostimportantthingistoachieveachangeinhabits,”shesaid.(“但她也指出，那些使用一次性塑料的人需要重新思考他们的行为。“最重要的是要改变习惯，”她说。)”可知，SandyWatemberg号召人们改变他们的习惯。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。SavingSeedsforNextYear’sFlowerGardenJustlikevegetableseeds(种子),youcansaveflowerseedsfromyourgardenthisyeartoplantinthefollowingyear.Ifyouwantthesamekindofflowerorplantfornextyear’sgarden,collectonlytheseedsfromplantsmarkedas“heritage”.____16____Crossseedswithamixtureoftwodifferentparentswillproducenewplants,buttheywillonlylooklikeoneoftheparents.Therefore,youaretakingariskwithplantingcrossseeds.Evenifyouexpectplantstobethesameastheirparents,itisnotcertain.Windorinsectscouldbringpollenfromoneplanttoanotherandaccidentallycreateamixture.____17____Butifyoulikesurprises,startexperimenting!Youcouldcreatealovelynewplantorflower!Justlikeeverythingelseingardening,timingisimportant.Collectseedsonadry,sunnyday.____18____Whentheirpodsopen,theseplantscouldsendtheirseedsupto6metersaway.Onceontheground,itisdifficulttocollectthem.Instead,tieasmallbagforseedcollectionoverthepodwhenitnearlyopens.Forplantslikesunflowers,cuttheheadofftheplantanddropitintoapaperbag.____19____Thiswillsaveyourfingers!Youcanplacetheseedsinaglassboxthatcanbesealed.Thenstoretheminacool,dryarea.Makesuretomarkyourglassboxsoyoudonotforgetwhattheyare.____20____Butyoushouldplantthenewseedsthefollowingyearforbestresults.A.Keepaneyeonsomeflowers.B.Lettheseedsgrowandfallnaturally.C.Givethebagashaketohelpseparatetheseeds.D.Whenstoredwithcare,seedsaregoodforseveralyears.E.Thesekindsofplantswillgrowjustliketheirparentplant.F.Inthiscase,addmoreseedstothesoiltomakesurethatsomewillgrow.G.Youcanavoidthisbyplantingonlytheplantfromwhichyouplantocollectseeds.【答案】16.E17.G18.B19.C20.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为明年的花园保存种子的方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Ifyouwantthesamekindofflowerorplantfornextyear’sgarden,collectonlythe seedsfromplantsmarkedas“heritage”.(如果你明年的花园想要同样的花或植物，只收集标记为“遗产”的植物的种子)”以及后文“Crossseedswithamixtureoftwodifferentparentswillproducenewplants,buttheywillonlylooklikeoneoftheparents.Therefore,youaretakingariskwithplantingcrossseeds.(两种不同亲本的杂交种子会产生新的植株，但它们看起来只像其中一种亲本。因此，种植杂交种子是有风险的)”可知，上文提到了收集标记为“遗产”的植物的种子，本句承接上文说明其结果：这些植物会像它们的母体植物一样生长。故E选项“这些植物会像它们的母体植物一样生长”符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据上文“Evenifyouexpectplantstobethesameastheirparents,itisnotcertain.Windorinsectscouldbringpollenfromoneplanttoanotherandaccidentallycreateamixture.(即使你期望植物和它们的父母一样，这也是不确定的。风或昆虫可以将花粉从一种植物带到另一种植物，并意外地形成混合物)”可知，本句承接上文说明如何避免意外情况：通过只种植你打算收集种子的植物来避免这种情况。故G选项“你可以通过只种植你打算收集种子的植物来避免这种情况”符合语境，故选G。18题详解】根据上文“Justlikeeverythingelseingardening,timingisimportant.Collectseedsonadry,sunnyday.(就像园艺中的其他事情一样，时机很重要。在干燥晴朗的日子收集种子)”以及后文“Whentheirpodsopen,theseplantscouldsendtheirseedsupto6metersaway.Onceontheground,itisdifficulttocollectthem.Instead,tieasmallbagforseedcollectionoverthepodwhenitnearlyopens.(当它们的豆荚打开时，这些植物可以把种子送到6米外的地方。一旦落到地面，就很难把它们收集起来。相反，当豆荚快打开时，在豆荚上系一个用于收集种子的小袋子)”可知，文章主要说明了收集种子时，时机的重要性，故B选项“让种子自然生长和落下”符合语境，故选B。【19题详解】根据上文“Forplantslikesunflowers,cuttheheadofftheplantanddropitintoapaperbag.(对于像向日葵这样的植物，剪下植株的头，把它扔进一个纸袋里)”以及后文“Thiswillsaveyourfingers!(这将拯救你的手指！)”可知，本句是在说明何种行为可以拯救手指：摇一摇袋子，帮助分离种子。故C选项“摇一摇袋子，帮助分离种子”符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】根据上文“Youcanplacetheseedsinaglassboxthatcanbesealed.Thenstoretheminacool,dryarea.Makesuretomarkyourglassboxsoyoudonotforgetwhattheyare.(你可以把种子放在一个可以密封的玻璃盒里。然后将它们储存在阴凉干燥的地方。一定要在你的玻璃盒子上做上标记，这样你就不会忘记它们是什么)”可知，本段主要是关于种子的储存的，故D选项“如果小心储存，种子可以保存好几年”符合语境，故选D。 第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IknewIwasn’tadopted(领养)whenIwasgrowingup.Myolderbrother,EddieandIlookedtoomuchthesamebecauseour____21____weretheperfectcombination(结合)ofourMom’sandDad’s.____22____,Ididfeeldifferent.Myoldestbrother,Tonywas____23____andoutgoing.Hecouldtellyoua____24____thatkeptyousmilingandlaughingallthewaythrough.Hestillcan,infact.Eddiewasalsoconfidentandhadsomanyfriends.Hecouldalsomakeaclearandloudvoicethathas____25____himwellasateacherandcoach.I,ontheotherhand,was____26____,shy,andnotsooutgoingasmybrothers.Ispentmoretime____27____.Iwantedtolearneverything.Beingseveralyearsyoungerthanthemandusually____28____bythem,Ialsospentmoretimeplayingalone.Iwasn’tas____29____asyouwouldthink,though.MyimaginationwasagreatfriendinmylonelinessandinsomewayI______30______thequietofitall.Lookingbackonthelongandwindingroadofmylifenow,IcanseethatIwas______31______,butitmademejustthepersonIneededtobetolivethelifeIhavelived.Myreadingsomuchledmetostartwritingaswell.Mywishtolearneverythinghelpedmeto______32______thebiggestproblemsaboutlove,kindness,joy,andlife,andto______33______whatIlearnedwithothers.Mypleasureinaquietlifemadeit______34______formetoworkfromhomeandcareformyfamily.Weeachhaveauniquegoalinthislife.Itisourjobto______35______it,toliveit,andtoloveit.21.A.opinionsB.voicesC.facesD.behaviors22.A.EvenB.HoweverC.BesidesD.Instead23.A.honestB.confidentC.shyD.energetic24.A.resultB.planC.skillD.story25.A.servedB.protectedC.attractedD.encouraged26.A.rudeB.kindC.wiseD.quiet27.A.readingB.ridingC.exercisingD.swimming28.A.lookedafterB.broughtupC.dependedonD.leftbehind 29.A.activeB.lonelyC.friendlyD.patient30.A.enjoyedB.noticedC.refusedD.feared31.A.frightenedB.anxiousC.popularD.different32.A.passdownB.careaboutC.dealwithD.setaside33.A.useB.compareC.correctD.share34.A.formalB.easyC.boringD.strange35.A.findB.balanceC.proveD.change【答案】21.C22.B23.B24.D25.A26.D27.A28.D29.B30.A31.D32.C33.D34.B35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者通过自己的经历讲述每个人都各有不同，都应该有自己的人生目标并为之奋斗。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的哥哥埃迪和我长得太像了，因为我们的脸是爸爸妈妈的完美结合。A.opinions观点；B.voices声音；C.faces脸；D.behaviors行为。根据“weretheperfectcombination(结合)ofourMom’sandDad’s.”可知，作者和哥哥的脸是爸爸妈妈的脸的完美结合。故选C。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我确实感觉不一样。A.Even甚至；B.However然而；C.Besides此外；D.Instead而不是。根据“Ididfeeldifferent.”可知，然而作者确实感觉不一样，前后句之间为转折关系。故选B。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的大哥托尼自信而外向。A.honest诚实的；B.confident自信的；C.shy害羞的；D.energetic精力充沛的。根据“Eddiewasalsoconfidentandhadsomanyfriends.”可知，托尼自信和外向。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会给你讲一个故事，让你从头笑到尾。A.result结果；B.plan计划；C.skill技巧；D.story故事。根据“thatkeptyousmilingandlaughingallthewaythrough.”可知，托尼讲的故事能让你笑个不停。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他还能发出清晰响亮的声音，这让他很好地成为了一名老师和教练。A.served对…有用；能满足……的需要；B.protected保护；C.attracted吸引；D.encouraged鼓励。此处serve的意思是“对……有用，起作用”。根据“himwellasateacherandcoach.”可知，埃迪还能发出清晰响亮的声音，这对他做老师和教练都很有帮助。故选A。 【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，我很安静，害羞，不像我的兄长们那么外向。A.rude粗鲁的；B.kind善良的；C.wise明智的；D.quiet安静的。根据“andnotsooutgoingasmybrothers.”可知，作者比较安静和害羞。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了更多的时间读书。A.reading阅读；B.riding骑；C.exercising锻炼；D.swimming游泳。根据“Iwantedtolearneverything.”和下文“Myreadingsomuchledmetostartwritingaswell.”可知，作者花了更多的时间读书。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我比他们小几岁，经常被他们抛在后面，我也花了更多的时间独自玩耍。A.lookedafter照顾；B.broughtup教育；C.dependedon依靠；D.leftbehind留下。根据“Beingseveralyearsyoungerthanthem”可知，作者比哥哥小几岁，所以经常被他们留下。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不过，我并不像你想的那么孤独。A.active积极的；B.lonely孤独的；C.friendly友好的；D.patient耐心的。根据“Beingseveralyearsyoungerthanthemandusually____8____bythem,Ialsospentmoretimeplayingalone.”可知，虽然作者独自玩耍的时间多，但作者并不像你想的那么孤独。故选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的想象力是我孤独时的好朋友，在某种程度上，我很享受这一切的宁静。A.enjoyed喜欢；享受；B.noticed注意到；C.refused拒绝；D.feared害怕。根据“Myimaginationwasagreatfriendinmylonelinessandinsomeway”可知，作者喜欢这一切的宁静。故选A。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在回想起我漫长而曲折的人生之路，我可以看到我是不同的，但它使我成为了我所需要的人，过着我所过的生活。A.frightened害怕的；B.anxious焦急的；C.popular流行的；D.different不同的。根据“____2____,Ididfeeldifferent.”可知，作者认为自己是不同的。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：学习一切的愿望帮助我处理了关于爱、善良、快乐和生活的最大问题，并与他人分享我所学到的东西。A.passdown传递；B.careabout关心；C.dealwith处理；D.setaside留下。根据“thebiggestproblemsaboutlove,kindness,joy,andlife,”可知，学习帮助作者处理关于爱、善良、快乐和生活的最大问题。故选C。【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：学习一切的愿望帮助我处理了关于爱、善良、快乐和生活的最大问题，并与他人分享我所学到的东西。A.use使用；B.compare比较；C.correct更正；D.share分享。根据“whatIlearnedwithothers.”可知，并与他人分享作者学到的东西。故选D。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：安静生活的乐趣让我很容易在家工作和照顾家人。A.formal正式的；B.easy容易的；C.boring厌烦的；D.strange奇怪的。根据“Mypleasureinaquietlife”可知，宁静生活的乐趣使作者在家工作和照顾家人容易。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的工作就是去发现它，去生活它，去热爱它。A.find发现；B.balance平衡；C.prove证明；D.change改变。根据“Weeachhaveauniquegoalinthislife.”可知，我们每个人都有一个独特的人生目标。我们的工作就是去发现它，为它而生，并且热爱它。故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TrafficpoliceinWuhan,Hubeiprovince,havemetthewishof____36____sick5-year-oldgirlbyinvitinghertoworkasatrafficofficerforaday.LiuYihanwasfoundwitharareillnessthatmainlyaffects____37____(child)underage5lastyearShehasaparticularloveoftrafficpolicetokeepeveryonesafe.Liunevercomplainstohermother,HuYuting,____38____jobisteachinginamiddleschoolinXiaogancity,butherdesiretobeatrafficofficerreallytouchedhermother’sheart.Whenshetoldherdaughter’sstorytothetrafficpolice,they____39____(move)andpromisedtohelpmakeLiu’swishcometrue.DuZewensaidthatthechiefofficersweredetermined____40____(help)themotherandthelittlegirl,tellingtheothermembersthat“wemusthelpmakethelittlegirl’sdreamof____41____(become)atrafficofficercometrue,especiallyonewho____42____(be)soyoungandhassuchaseriousdisease”.OntheafternoonofSept.20,Liuandhermotherwere____43____(warm)welcomedbythepolicemen,whodressedherinaspecially-madeuniformanddeclaredhera“visitingpolicewoman”Shewasexcited____44____soonwentondutywiththeotherpolicemembers.Shedirectedtrafficandperformedherduties,forexample,tellingpeopletowearhelmetsandremindingpeople_____45_____thetrafficrules.【答案】36.a37.children38.whose39.weremoved40.tohelp41.becoming 42.is43.warmly44.and45.of【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。湖北省武汉市交警满足了一名生病的5岁小女孩的愿望，邀请她当一天交警。刘意涵去年被发现患有一种罕见的疾病，这种疾病主要影响5岁以下的儿童。她特别喜欢交警保护大家的安全。【36题详解】考查冠词。句意：湖北省武汉市交警满足了一名生病的5岁小女孩的愿望，邀请她当一天交警。girl为泛指，且sick是辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。【37题详解】考查名词的数。句意：刘意涵去年被发现患有一种罕见的疾病，这种疾病主要影响5岁以下的儿童。child为可数名词，根据后文underage5可知用复数形式。故填children。【38题详解】考查定语从句。句意：她的母亲胡玉婷在孝感市的一所中学教书，她从不向母亲抱怨，但她想成为一名交警的愿望真的触动了母亲的心。此处非限制性定语从句修饰先行词mother，从句缺少定语，故填whose。【39题详解】考查时态语态。句意：当她把女儿的故事告诉交警时，交警都被感动了，并承诺帮助她实现愿望。主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文told可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填weremoved。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杜泽文说，交警们决心帮助这位母亲和小女孩，并告诉其他成员：“我们必须帮助小女孩实现成为交警的梦想，尤其是她这么年轻，又患有这么严重的疾病。”短语bedeterminedtodosth.表示“决心做某事”。故填tohelp。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杜泽文说，交警们决心帮助这位母亲和小女孩，并告诉其他成员：“我们必须帮助小女孩实现成为交警的梦想，尤其是她这么年轻，又患有这么严重的疾病。”作介词的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填becoming。【42题详解】考查主谓一致。句意：杜泽文说，主警们决心帮助这位母亲和小女孩，并告诉其他成员：“我们必须帮助小女孩实现成为交警的梦想，尤其是她这么年轻，又患有这么严重的疾病。”根据后文has可知为一般现在时，定语从句中谓语与先行词保持一致，用单数。故填is。【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：9月20日下午，刘和她的母亲受到了警察的热情欢迎，他们给她穿上了特制的制服，并宣布她为“来访的女警察”。修饰动词welcome应用副词warmly。故填warmly。【44题详解】考查连词。句意：她很兴奋，很快就和其他警察一起执勤了。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。【45题详解】考查介词。句意：她指挥交通，履行她的职责，例如，告诉人们戴头盔，提醒人们遵守交通规则。短语remindsb.ofsth.表示“提醒某人某事”。故填of。第四部分写作(共两节,满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.昨天下午，你校举办了英语故事讲述比赛。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，介绍这次比赛，内容包括：1.比赛时间和地点；2.比赛内容；3.比赛的意义。注意：1.写作词数应80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。题目：AnEnglishStory-TellingContest____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】AnEnglishStory-TellingContestYesterdayafternoon,allthestudentsandteachersinourschoolgatheredintheschoolhallat2p.m.toenjoyaspecialevent—AnEnglishStory-TellingContest.Theeventlastedfor2hours.Atfirst,20contestantstookturnstosharetheirownEnglishstories.SinceallthestoriesfeaturedtraditionalEnglishculture,eachcontestantwasaskedtoexplainthemeaningbehindthestories.Subsequently,thejudgesgavemarksaccordingtotheirperformances.Attheendoftheevent,ourheadmasterpresentedawardstothewinners.Warmlyembracedbystudents,theeventwoundupwithabang.NotonlydiditprovideaplatformwherewegainedinsightintoEnglishculture,butitalsohelpedimproveourspokenEnglish.【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就昨天下午举办的英语故事讲述比赛写一篇英文报道,介绍这次比赛的时间和地点、内容和意义。【详解】1.词汇积累欣赏：enjoy→appreciate随后：subsequently→afterwards颁发：present→award改善：improve→enhance2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Yesterdayafternoon,allthestudentsandteachersinourschoolgatheredintheschoolhallat2p.m.toenjoyaspecialevent—AnEnglishStory-TellingContest.拓展句：Yesterdayafternoon,allthestudentsandteachersinourschool,whogatheredintheschoolhallat2p.m.,enjoyedaspecialevent—AnEnglishStory-TellingContest.【点睛】【高分句型1】SinceallthestoriesfeaturedtraditionalEnglishculture,eachcontestantwasaskedtoexplainthemeaningbehindthestories（运用了since引导的原因状语从句，动词不定式作主语的补语）【高分句型2】NotonlydiditprovideaplatformwherewegainedinsightintoEnglishculture,butitalsohelpedimproveourspokenEnglish.（运用了倒装句，where引导的定语从句）第二节(满分25分)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。AcoupleinVirginiaBeachisforeverthankfultotwosurfers(冲浪者)whoalsohappentobehealthcareworkers.“We’dliketoexpressourappreciationtotheheroeswhosavedToddonthatbeach,”thecouplesaid.Todd,59,andDonna,58,wokeupearlyonOctober2togoforabikerideandtakepicturesofthesunrise.Whilewalkingbarefootalongtheshorelineandenjoyingthesights,Toddsuddenlyfelldown.Donnathoughtherhusbandwasjoking.Butshequicklyrealizedthiswasnolaughingmatter.Todd’sheartstoppedbeatingandheturnedblue.“Icalledhisnameandcriedforhelp:’Help!PleasehelpTodd’,”Donnasaidlater.TylerVolpe,asurfer,wasinthewaterwhenToddfelldown.Volpeisalsoaphysicianassistant.HeheardDonna’scriesforhelp.“Iknewitwasn’tnormal,”hesaid.“Icameflyingoutofthewater.”PaulRoy,24,ahealthcareworkeratalocalhospital,wasalsosurfingthatmorning.Volpestartedchestcompressions(按压)whileRoybreathedintoTodd’smouth.Then,theyswitchedpositions,AwomanonthebeachputherarmaroundDonnaandprayedwithher.“Ireallythought hewasdead,”Donnasaid.AsRoyandVolpecontinuedCPR,Toddbreathedafewtimes.Theseawaterwasstartingtocomein.Othersurfersusedtheirboardstoformawallbetweentherescueeffortandthewater.“Theykepthimaliveuntiltheambulancegotthere,”Donnasaid.“Itcouldhavebeentwominutes;itcouldhavebeen10days.Iwaswatchingmylifeendwithhis.”Doctorsusedadefibrillator(电击器)toshockhisheartandbringbackhisheartbeat.Onthesecondshock,hefinallycametohimself.SeeingToddwasoutofdanger,RoyandVolpequietlyleft.Theycontinuedsurfing.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。SoonToddwastakentothehospital.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________DonnapostedamessageonFacebooktolookforthetwohelpfulsurfers.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】SoonToddwastakentothehospital.Uponarrival,Toddwasadmittedtotheintensivecareunit,whereseveralspecialistlookedoverToddcarefully,diagnosinghimwithaheartattack.Criticalashisconditionwas,Toddwasluckyenoughtogetthefirstaidonthebeach.Thankstothecarefrommedicalstaff,Toddwasstabilizedandnursedbacktohealthtwoweekslater.HardlyhadToddbeendischargedfromhospitalwhenthecouplecouldn’twaittolookforthetwosaviors.DonnapostedamessageonFacebooktolookforthetwohelpfulsurfers.Withthemessagesharedthousandsoftimes,Donnareceivedsomerepliesfromthewitnesses,warmlyofferingusefulinformationtoher.Accordingly,shemanagedtofindtheircurrentlocationusingtheFacebookaudiencesearchandcontactedthetwoyoungsurfers:TylerVolpe,amedicalassistant,andPaulRoy,amedicalworkerfromalocalhospital.Onceagain,thecouplesteppedonVirginiaBeachtomeettheheroestowhomtheyextendedtheirsinceregratitude.Butfortheirtimelyrescue,theycouldnothaveenjoyedthebeautifulsunriseliketoday.【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述Donna和丈夫Todd一起在沙滩上散步时，Todd心脏骤停，两个年轻的冲浪者TylerVolpe和PaulRoy在救护车没来之前为Todd进行了急 救，给了Todd生的机会，Donna后来在Facebook上发帖找到了两位救命恩人，向他们表达了感谢。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“很快托德就被送到了医院。”可知，第一段可描写Todd在医院被确诊，并获得救治，康复出院后开始找救命恩人。②由第二段首句内容“唐娜在Facebook上发布了一条消息，寻找这两位乐于助人的冲浪者。”可知，第二段可描写Donna在网络上找到救命恩人，并向他们表示感谢。2.续写线索：送医院——得救治——康复出院——找恩人——感谢3.词汇激活行为类①.检查：lookover/examine②.被允许从……出去：bedischargedfrom/beallowedtoleave…③.成功做某事：managetodo/succeedindoing情绪类①.表达他们诚挚的谢意：extendtheirsinceregratitude/showtheirappreciation②.热情地：warmly/passionately【点睛】[高分句型1].Uponarrival,Toddwasadmittedtotheintensivecareunit,whereseveralspecialistlookedoverToddcarefully,diagnosinghimwithaheartattack.（运用了由关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句，现在分词作状语）[高分句型2].Onceagain,thecouplesteppedonVirginiaBeachtomeettheheroestowhomtheyextendedtheirsinceregratitude.（运用了动词不定式作目的状语，由“介词+关系代词whom”引导限制性定语从句）