山东省威海市2022-2023学年高三英语上学期期末考试试题（Word版附答案）

高三英语本试卷共8页。满分120分。考试用时100分钟。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、座号、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3.回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABeingapilotwasfirstseenasamaleoccupation,however,theseamazingfemaleaviatorsprovedthattobewrong.AmyJohnsonOnMay5,1930,AmyJohnson,anEnglishpilot,setoutinherairplane,hopingtobeattherecordforthefastestflightbetweenEnglandandAustralia:15days.Flyingthroughsandstorms,monsoons,andterribleheat,shemadeseveralforcedlandingsandlandedinAustralia19dayslater.Shedidn’tbeattherecord,butshewasthefirstfemaletomakethesoloflight.Johnsonsetothersolorecordsandeventuallyearnedthenickname“QueenoftheAir.”LeeYa-ChingLeeYa-ChingwasChina’sfirstwomanpilot.WhenwarbrokeoutbetweenChinaandJapanin1937,Leevolunteeredtobeacombatpilot(空战飞行员)butthegovernmentdeclinedthatoffer.Determinedtodomoretohelphercountry,Leesetupahospitalandrefugee(难民)camps.Thensheboughtaplaneandsetoutagoodwilltour.SheflewallovertheUnitedStates,Canada,SouthAmerica,andtheCaribbeantoraisemoneytohelpChineserefugeesbyentertainingcrowdswithherflying.LotfiaElNadiDuringthe1910sinEgypt,girlswereexpectedtobecomehousewives.LotfiaElNadi,however,wantedamoreexcitinglife.Whileattendingthecollege,ElNadisecretlyenrolledaflyingschool,workingastheschool’ssecretarytopayforherlessons.In1933,attheageof26,shebecamethefirstfemalepilotintheArabworld.ElNadi’sfameinspiredmanyotheryoungEgyptianwomentobecomepilots.1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAmyJohnson’sfirstsoloflight?A.Routine.B.Pleasant.C.Eventful.D.Educational.2.HowdidLeeYa-Chinghelphercountry?A.Bybeingacombatpilot.B.Byvolunteeringinhospitals.C.Byflyingrefugeestosafety.D.Bycollectingmoneywithairshow. 1.Whatdothethreewomenpilotshaveincommon?A.Theywerepeace-lovers.B.Theywerebornwithtalent.C.Theyweredream-seekers.D.Theywerehighlyeducated.BSolvingthemysteryoftheLochNessMonsterwouldbeconsideredasagooddeed,right?Onthatbasis,awebcamhasbeensetupoverlookingthelake.Anyonecantuneinatanytime.Ifyouseesomethingsuspicious(可疑的),yousimplyclickthe“snapshot”buttonstosubmitapictureforfurtheranalysis.Itisfree,easy,andyoucandoitforaslittleoraslongasyoulike,withnologinorsignuprequired.Whatyouaredoingismicro–volunteering,whichoffersvolunteersaseriesofeasytasksthatcanbedoneanytime,anywhere,ontheirownterms.Micro-volunteeringcouldinvolveanythingfromretweetingamessagetojoiningaflashmob(快闪).Volunteersdonotneedtogothroughanapplicationortrainingprocess,ortomakeanyongoingcommitment.Thevastmajorityofmicro-volunteeringtakesplaceonline,butitdoesn’thaveto.Weedingagardeninalocalcommunitycentercountsjustasmuch.Thekeybenefitofmicro-volunteeringisitsflexibility.Peoplefrequentlycitetheirlackoftimeasthebiggestbarriertovolunteering.Formany,micro-volunteeringremovestheneedtoworryaboutmakinglong-termcommitmentsoncetheystartvolunteering.Itenablespeoplewhomightbeexcludedfromtraditionalwaysofvolunteeringtoparticipate.Tosomeextent,micro-volunteeringisanapproachthataimstohelplotsofpeoplecometogethertomakeadifference.Itcouldtakeawhiletoseeitsimpacts.Studies,however,haveshownthat65percentofthosewhohavemicrovolunteeredwerestillactivelydoingsooneyearlater.Eventhoughmicro-volunteeringcannotreplacelong-termcommitments,itservesasacomplement(补充)tothemoretraditionalmethodsofcontributingtogoodcauses.2.WhyistheLochNessMonstermentionedinparagraph1?A.Toillustratemicro–volunteering.B.Togetmorevolunteersinvolved.C.Toofferasolutiontothemystery.D.Topostamicro-volunteeringtask.3.Whatdoesmicro-volunteeringfeature?A.It’sfreeofcommitment.B.It’sflexible,time-wise.C.It’sonlyavailableonline.D.Itneedssystematicaltraining.4.Whichcanbestexplaintheunderlined“beexcludedfrom”inparagraph3?A.Beusedto.B.Bedistractedby.C.Bediscouragedfrom.D.Beinterestedin.5.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofmicro-volunteeringaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Quick-impact.B.Widely-recognized.C.Irreplaceable.D.Sustainable. CIt’sastructurethatisn’tfinished,yettwomillionpeoplevisititeveryyear.AntoniGaudíbeganbuildinghischurch,LaSagradaFamlíia,in1883—andworkcontinuestothisdayanditisexpectedtobefinishedin2026,ahundredyearsafterGaudí’sdeath.Thearchitectgrewupfascinatedbythenaturalwondersofthecountryside.Earlyinhiscareer,Gaudíexperimentedwithmanystylesbuteventuallydevelopedhisownideasaboutarchitecture.ThenaturalworldwasthemaininspirationforGaudí’sdesigns.“Nothingisartifitdoesnotcomefromnature,”hebelieved.Gaudíunderstoodthatthenaturalworldisfullofcurvedforms,notstraightlines.Withthisideainmind,hebasedhisstructuresonnature.Thearchitect’sloveofnatureguidedthedesignofLaSagradaFamlíia.GaudídesignedtheinsideofLaSagradaFamíliatofeellikeaforest.Insidethechurch,pillarsriseupliketrees.Thisthemecontinuesoutside.Theoutsideofthechurchisdecoratedwithsculpturesofwildlife.Forexample,aturtle(asymbolofthesea)andatortoise(asymboloftheland)arecarvedintothebaseoftwocolumns.Gaudídiedin1926.Beforehisdeath,hemadethree-dimensionalmodelsofhisplansforthebuilding,hopingthatotherscouldcompletehismasterpiece.ManyofthesemodelswerelostduringtheSpanishCivilWar,butsomesurvived.ThesemodelshavehelpedGaudí’ssuccessors.Forexample,MarkBurry,anarchitectfromNewZealand,usescomputertechnologyandthesurvivingmodelstobringGaudí’splanstolife.VineLinesGaudíoftenusedvineshapestodecoratethewallsofthechurch.NaturalWindowsWindowsaresimilartoshapesfoundinnature.TreeStructuresGaudímadea“forest”insidethechurchbycreatingcolumnsthatlookliketrees.SpiralStairwaysGaudíusedspiralsinmanypartsofthechurch.Gardensnail▼Gaudí’sworkillustratesatimelesstruth.AsthearchitecturalhistorianJoanBassegodawrote:“ThelessonofGaudíis…tolookatnatureforinspiration…Naturedoesnotgooutoffashion.”Infact,youmightsayGaudí’sarchitecturalstylewasaheadofitstime.Thearchitect’snature-inspireddesignscanbeseenasanearlyexampleofthemodernscienceofbiomimetics—asciencethatusesdesignsinnaturetosolvemodernproblems. 1.What’sparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Gaudí’sideasaboutarchitecture.B.TheinspirationofLaSagradaFamília.C.BiographicalinformationaboutGaudí.D.Thelinkbetweenarchitectureandnature.2.WhatmightvisitorsseeinLaSagradaFamlíia?A.Avirtualforest.B.Straightlinedwindowframes.C.Trunk-likecolumns.D.Pillarbasescarvedwithcharacters.3.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Gaudí’sworkillustratesatimelesstruth”?A.Architectureaheadoftimeisfashionable.B.Natureistheconstantsourceofinspiration.C.Nature-inspireddesignscansolveglobalissues.D.Gaudí’sworkisthebestexampleofbiomimetics.4.Whichmightbethebesttitle?A.AGeniusArchitectB.WondersofNatureC.TheOriginofBiomimeticsD.UnfinishedMasterpieceDCostaRica’sjunglesmightseemanunlikelyspotforagroupofmedics(医学工作者)togathertogether.ButstrugglingthroughthisdensestretchofCentralAmericanwilderness,that’sexactlywhoyoumightencounter.Tradingmedicalinstrumentsandlab-mademedicinesforraftsandsnakevenom,thesemedicscometogetherundertheguidanceofWorldExtremeMedicine(WEM),anorganisationtrainingmedicalstafflikenursesanddoctorstoworkintheworld’smostunstableandremoteconditions.Extrememedicineisasubdiscipline(分支)ofmedicineinwhichhealthcareprovidersrespondtocrisesinwarzones,assistthoseleftbehindafterhumanity’smosthorrificdisasters,andconductmedicinenotjustonland,butalsodeepbeneaththeseaandeveninouterspace.Whileallmedicsneedtothinkontheirfeet,MarkHannaford,thefounderofWEM,explainsthatforextrememedics,thatneedisheightened.Medicsmighttreatapatientintheburningheatofadesert,onanice-coldtundra(苔原),orstabilizeapersonataltitudeorinthedark.Despitethis,hesays,“youdon’tneedtorunamarathonwithabackpackoneverydaytobeanextrememedic.Physicalfitnessisnotthechallenge.Thechallengeisadequatelypreparingyourselffortheenvironmentyouaregoinginto.”“Youreallyhavetotakegoodself-careintheseenvironments,”addspre-hospitalleadandextrememedicinetrainer,EoinWalker.InplaceslikeCostaRica,heteachesmedicsskillsinsecurity,dietandwoundclosureetc..Butmedicsalsolearntocarefortheirownphysicalandmentalhealth.“IntheUK,wedon’thavetoremembertodrinkeveryhour,orcleananddryourfeet,orlookatourcaloriecontent—butyoudointhatenvironment,”hesays.“Peoplewholivewheredisasterhitsstillhaveissueslikediabetes,babiesarestillbeingborn,peopleneedmedicaltreatment,”saysMark.Andwithmoredisasterssettostrike,theirneedswillonlyincrease.“Trainingextrememedicsisbecomingmoreimportantaswefaceenvironmentalchallengeslikeclimatechange,”headds. 1.CostaRica’sjunglesinthistextarewhere.A.extrememedicalserviceisofferedB.extrememedicscreatenewmedicineC.theheadofficeofWEMislocatedD.extrememedicsdobusinesswithlocals2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thatneed”inparagraph3referto?A.Beingphysicallyhealthy.B.Providinghealthcareincrisis.C.Respondingwiselyandquickly.D.Analyzingworkingenvironment.3.WhatmessagedoesEoinWalkerwanttoconvey?A.It’snevertoolatetolearn.B.Self-carecannotbestressedenough.C.Preventionisbetterthancure.D.Healthyenvironmentmattersalot.4.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocallonpeopletobeextrememedics.B.Tointroduceanewrisingbranchofmedicine.C.Torecommendamedicaltrainingorganization.D.Toshowthegrowingdemandofmedicsinremoteareas.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项Whatexactlyistheimportanceofteachersinthecurrenteducationallandscape?Thelastfewyearshavewitnessedtheriseofeducationtechnologyandonlinetutoringfirms.16Suchpeople,however,havecompletelyignoredtheonethingthatmakesstudyinginaproperclassroomirreplaceableandthatistheimportanceofteachers.Theinternethasmoreinformationaboutanygiventopicthananyonepersoncaneverhopetopossess.17Knowingthat‘tomatoisafruit’isinformation,andnotputtingitinafruitsaladiswisdom.Thisexampledoesaperfectjobinillustratingjusthowimportantwisdomisinthedaytodaylife.Booksandtheinternetcangiveyouinformation,butonlyateachercanpassonwisdom.18Understandingthereasonforthepoorperformanceofaparticularchildandhelpingthemovercometheirweaknesswhilealsopushingthetopperformerstodobetterarethingsonlyateachercando.Youcandevelopthemostamazingonlinetutoringplatformandfillitwithamazingandinterestingvideosbutitisneverenough.19Butvideosaremadeforageneralaudience.Theycanhardlybesufficientfortheproblemsthatstudentsfaceintheirlifeoutsidetheclassroom.Onlyteacherswhohavespenttimewiththeirstudentscanguidethestudentsinawaythatcanhelpthemfigureawayoutofanyproblemtheymightbefacingintheirlife.20Whilethelistofreasonsstatingtheimportanceofteachersisabittoolongtoputinasinglearticle,thesetwoaresufficienttosilenceanyonewhobelievesthatgoingtoschooltobetaughtbyproperteacherswillsoonbecomeobsolete. A.Wisdom,however,issomethingthatitbadlylacks.B.Everysinglestudentisuniqueinhisorherownway.C.Teachersarealsoimportantinshapingthefutureoftheyouth.D.Onthispoint,theimportanceofteachersshouldneverbeunderstated.E.Everythingpeoplecanpossiblylearnisfreelyavailableontheinternet.F.Manyarguethattheymightonedaycompletelyreplaceformalschooling.G.Thesearejusttwowaysthatteachershaveamassiveimpactontheirstudents.第二部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Lastspring,myfamilywentcampinginthePeakDistrict.Fortwowholeweeks,lifefelt21—living,working,playingtogether,22bythesights,soundsandsmellsofthenaturalworld.Onthefinalnightofourtrip,an23graduallytookshape:couldwedothislonger-term?Whenitcameto24,myhusbandandIhadbothkitandexpertise.Itmightalsobean25toturnthewritingandphotographywelovedintoourlivelihood.Afterhalfayearofpreparation,wefinally26inSeptember.OurfirstdestinationwasNewForestNationalParksandwestayedateach27forbetweenoneandfourweeks,exploringeachdayfromthetentdoor.TherewasnomobilesignalorWi-Fiatthecampsite,28usfromtheoutsideworld.Wejust29thebestofwhatnaturehadtooffer.Ilovedthe30rhythm(节奏)ofdailylifeinthetent,alwaysstartingwithcoffeeasthesteamfromthecampingstoveroseintothemorningair.Weworkedhard,drawing31forourwritingandphotographyfromoursurroundings.Afternoonswerefor32—climbingmountains,paddlinginstreams,orsimplyenjoyingbeinginandaroundthetent.Themountains33usasifinprotectionwithareassuring(令人安心的)skyline.Itwaswonderfultofully34theplaceswestayed.Sleepingwithaneartotheearth,tuningintothenaturalrhythmsoflightand35,there’snothingquitelikebeinginatentfortotalimmersioninaplace.21.A.quietB.convenientC.unusualD.perfect22.A.guardedB.surroundedC.envelopedD.disturbed23.A.ideaB.imageC.outlineD.answer24.A.bikingB.runningC.campingD.climbing25.A.excuseB.ambitionC.invitationD.opportunity26.A.checkedoutB.startedoutC.tookactionD.hurriedoff27.A.siteB.parkC.tentD.forest28.A.banningB.separatingC.distinguishingD.protecting 29.A.enjoyedB.introducedC.discoveredD.remembered30.A.gentleB.powerfulC.musicalD.fast-paced31.A.strengthB.lessonsC.conclusionsD.inspiration32.A.chattingB.exploringC.daydreamingD.writing33.A.changedB.remindedC.attractedD.encircled34.A.describeB.acceptC.experienceD.understand35.A.shadowB.silenceC.darkD.wind第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Itallstartedwithonehalfofafive-poundnote.InJuneof1936,twoforeigners,GeorgeHatemandEdgarSnow,checkedintoahotelinXi’an.TheywantedtoreachYan’an,36citywheretheheadquarters(总部)oftheChineseRedArmywaslocated.Theydidn’tknowhowtheycouldgetthere37aChinesemanshowedupwithonehalfofafive-poundnote.ThefactwasthatHatemandSnowhadtheotherhalfofthesamefive-poundnote,38(give)tothemasasecretkeytovisitYan’an.Soasthetwohalves39(piece)together,HatemandSnowfoundtherightperson40(take)themtotheirdestination.TheywereamongthefirstforeignerstosetfootintheheadquartersoftheRedArmy.Itwasalsothistrip41enabledSnowtowriteRedStarOverChina.Thetrip’simpactonHatemwasequallyprofoundifnot42(deep).Theirvisitwasoriginallysetforthree43(month),butneartheendofthejourney,Hatemdecidedtostay,andlater44(serve)asapublichealthadviser.ItwasHatemwhointroducedagroupofinternationalmedicalprofessionalsincludingNormanBethunetoChina.TheysupportedChina’swareffortsandhelpedtolaythefoundationforanewpublichealthcaresystem.In1950,HatembecamethefirstforeignertoobtainaChinesecitizenship.HespenttherestofhislifeinChina,45(devote)himselftothetreatmentofleprosy(麻风病)untilhisdeathinOctober1998.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）上周日你校举办了一场师生足球赛，请你写一篇短文，给校英文报“SportingMoments”栏目投稿。内容包括:1.比赛时间、地点；2.比赛精彩瞬间。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3.不得透露任何与个人或学校相关的真实信息。 第二节（满分25分）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。ItwasSeptember1966,andIwastwentyyearsold,facingmyfirstclassofkidsasanewteacher.MyclassindowntownTorontowasmadeupofthirty-eightangels,andonestreetkidnamedMike.Hisparentspassedawaywhenhewasababy,andhelivedwithaweakandindifferentgrandmother.Asforaten-year-oldboy,hewaslittleandrough.Likemostnew,youngteachers,Iwasfullofenthusiasmanddeterminedtomakeadifference.Beingsoyoung,Iknewverylittleaboutparenting.However,Ididrecognizeachildinneed,anddecidedtoseeifIcouldmakeadifference.Andsomyspecial“fosterfather(养父)”relationshipwithMikebegan.EachdayasIarrivedatschool,I’dtakeMikeoutforbreakfast.EachnoonhourasIsharedmylunchwithhim,Itaughthimsomenewskills—forawhileweworkedonthepropermethodofusingamicroscope.Onanotherdayweconstructedacamera,thenweclassifiedrocks.Mikewouldthen“help”meteachtheseskillstotherestoftheclass.Wehadalotoffun,andakindofunspokentrustbegantobuildupbetweenus.Earlyinourspecialrelationship,Miketoldmeofhisdream—becomingalawyer.Ibelievedthen,andafterthirty-fouryearsofteachingIstillbelieve,thatallchildrenhaveagift.Everyonehasthesameopportunitytobethebestpersontheycanbe.Irealizedthisboywasbrilliant,andthatwithalittlelove,attention,understanding,guidanceandencouragement,hecouldprobablyaccomplishwhateverheputhismindto.Ifiguredifhewantedtobealawyer,IwoulddoallIcouldtohelphimbecometheverybestlawyerhecouldbe.EverySaturdaymorning,ItookMiketotheOsgoodeLawLibrary,whichwasattachedtotheUniversityofToronto.Iexplainedtohimthatreadinguponlawwastheonlywaytobeagoodlawyer.Hisyoungmindwaseagerandinterested.注意：Paragraph1:ThiswashowwespenteachSaturdaymorningfortwoyears.Paragraph2:Oneday,afterwewereoutoftouchfor30years,therewentmydoorbell.1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 高三英语参考答案一、阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）1-5:CDCAB6-10:CDACB11-15:DACBB16-20:FADBG二、完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）21-25:DBACD26-30:BABAA31-35:DBDCC三、短文填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）36.the37.until38.given39.werepieced40.totake41.that42.deeper43.months44.served45.devoting四、应用文（满分15分）【评分要点】1.内容：围绕所听、所见描述比赛的精彩瞬间，能简述自己的所感。拒绝大而空。2.语言：符合校刊征稿的语篇特点，语言丰富，画面感强，使用正确的语法和词汇。档次描述五档13-15Ø紧扣主题，内容充实，语法结构多样，词汇丰富，行文流畅，显示出较强的语言运用能力，允许有个别语言错误，但不影响意思表达。四档10-12Ø紧扣主题，内容较充实，行文较流畅。语言有少许错误，但基本不影响意思表达。三档7-9紧扣主题，语言错误已经影响到部分意思的表达，但多数句子基本正确，基本能够达到预期的写作目的。二档4-6语言错误较多，尚能够写出与内容相关的可读句子。一档1-3只能写出与内容相关的词语，只能看到与主题相关的只言片语拼凑起来的支离破碎的语言，完全没有句子的架构能力，基本没有有意义的句子表达。0不能传达给读者任何信息；抄写其他的文章，或只能写出与作文无关的内容。第二节读后续写（一）评分原则1.本题总分为25分，按五个档次进行评分。2.评分时，应主要从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为：（1）续写内容的质量、完整性以及与原文情景的融洽度。（2）所使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。（3）上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。3.评分时，应先根据作答的整体情况确定其所属的档次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。4.评分时还应注意：（1）词数少于120的，酌情扣分； （2）书写较差以致影响交际的，酌情扣分；（3）单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑，英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。（二）评分要点内容要点：第一段：描述“我”和Mike如何度过周六上午（必要地点：lawlibrary），以及“我”和他失去联系。（注意：1.可适当描写两人间父子般的亲密关系。2.若续写重点落在Mike如饥似渴的学习，忽略“我”的助力，最高分不超过20分。）第二段：描述师生重逢，Mike实现理想；感谢师恩，呼应主题（可适当进行语言、表情及动作描写渲染重逢场景）。（三）各档次的给分范围和要求档次描述五档21-251.创造了丰富合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整，与原文情境融洽度高。2.使用了多样并且恰当的词汇和语法结构，可能有个别小错，但完全不影响理解。3.有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，意义连贯。四档16-201.创造了比较丰富合理的内容，比较有逻辑性，续写比较完整，与原文融洽度较高。2.使用了比较恰当并且有效的词汇和语法结构，有些许语法错误，但不影响理解。3.使用了比较有效的语句间的连接，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。三档11-151.创造了基本合理的内容，基本具有逻辑性，续写内容基本完整，与原文情境基本一致。2.使用了基本恰当的词汇和语法结构，可能有一些语法错误，但基本不影响理解。3.基本有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构基本清晰，意义基本连贯。二档6-101.内容和逻辑上有一些重大问题，续写不够完整，与原文有一定程度脱节。2.所用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误较多，影响理解。3.未能有效地使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不够清晰，意义不够连贯。一档1-51.内容和逻辑上有较多重大问题，或有部分内容抄自原文，续写不完整，与原文内容基本脱节。2.所使用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误很多，严重影响理解。3.几乎没有使用语句间衔接手段，全文结构不清晰，意义不连贯。0未做答，所写内容太少或者无法看清以致无法评判，所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目要求不相关。