上海市虹口区2022-2023学年高三英语上学期第一次模拟考试试题（Word版附解析）

英语I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Inaschool.B.Inagasstation.C.Inahospital.D.Inagarage.2.A.At9:30.B.At9:40.C.At10:09.D.At10:39.3.A.Planningasportsevent.B.Writinguplocalnews.C.Readinganewspaper.D.Puttingupadvertisements.4.A.Itisluxurious.B.Itissatisfactory.C.Itiscompetitive.D.Itisdisappointing.5.A.Hehashadtoomanyholidaysthisyear.B.Heisn’tinthemoodtotravel.C.Phuketistoofarforafamilyholiday.D.Familyholidaysnolongerinteresthim.6.A.Hisgrandmaisquitefondofthedress.B.Thesaladanddressingtastesverygood.C.Thesaladanddressingcan’tmatchhisgrandma’s.D.Hisgrandmacan’tmakedelicioussaladwithdressing.7.A.Sheisthespeakers’boss.B.SheisnotathomethisSaturday.C.Sheisnoteasy-going.D.Sheseldominvitespeopletoherhome.8.A.Thewomandoesn’tlikeSerbia.B.ThewomanhasbeentoSerbia.C.ThewomanisplanningatriptoSerbia.D.ThewomanhasnoideaaboutSerbia.9.A.LivewithJaneandSophie.B.AskSophieaboutheraccommodation.C.InviteViviantobeherroommate.D.SharearoomwithJane.10.A.Theplanewillleaveat3:20.B.Theplane’sdeparturetimeremainsunknown.C.Themanhasjustmissedhisflight.D.Themanisatawrongcheckincounter. SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.64years.B.59years.C.56years.D.46years.12.A.Developingbetterhealthcaresystems.B.GoingthroughtheCovid19crisis.C.Easingtheburdentothehealthservices.D.Loweringthepublichealthbudgets.13.A.WHO’seffectiveworkinAfrica.B.Developmentofnewhealthpolicies.C.Measurestoliftpeoplefrompoverty.D.SuggestionsforpublichealtheffortsinAfrica.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Quittingtotalktosomeone.B.Leavingtheofficewithouttellinganyone.C.Abandoningextraworkduties.D.Stoppingworryingaboutworkperformance.15.A.Firingthetroubledemployeesquietly.B.Forgettingaboutinactiveworkers.C.Creatingabettercommunicationculture.D.Buildingadirectsystemofpushingmessages.16.A.Reasonsbehindanofficeculture.B.Solutionstoaworkplaceconflict.C.Tipsforasuccessfuljobinterview.D.Stepsofbuildingalivelycommunity.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Workingonhispaper.B.Thinkingofaprofessor.C.Takinganap.D.Lookingforareferencebook.18.A.Itiscomplicating.B.Itisboring.C.Itisinspiring.D.Itischallenging.19.A.AstudentgavealectureonAmericanRevolution.B.Theprofessorfailedtoanswerastudent’squestion.C.TheprofessorshowedhismasteryofAmericanhistory. D.Astudentwasaskedatoughquestionbytheprofessor.20.A.ProfessorRiversthinkshighlyofProfessorAnderson.B.ProfessorRiversisinterestedinwomen’sstudies.C.ProfessorRiversknowslittleinthisarea.D.ProfessorRivershasalotofsparetime.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RunnersandCyclistsUseGPSMappingtoMakeArtFitnessappsandthepoweroflivesatellitetrackinghaveallowedrunners,cyclistsandotherstodrawhearts,animals,birthdaywishes—andevenhomagestoVermeer—acrosstheirlocallandscapes.In1665,JohannesVermeerdabbed(轻涂)thelastdropofpaintontoacanvas(帆布)inhisDutchstudio,___1___(complete)hismasterpiece“GirlwithaPearlEarring.”OnanAprilday357yearslater,JanineStrongslowedherbiketostop,pausedherfitnessapp,andwatchedasthesnakinglineofhercyclingroute___2___(draw)theshapeofVermeer’smasterpieceoverthestreetsofBrooklyn.Ms.Strongcreates___3___hascometobeknownas“GPSart”—apractice___4___usestheGlobalPositioningSystemmappingcapabilitiesofmodernphoneappslikeStravatocreatedigitaldrawingsusinganathlete’srouteacrossthelandscape.___5___ofbikingonastraightpathorincirclesaroundapark,Ms.Strongplansherridesintheshapesofbirthdaycakes,stars,birds,lions—andtheoccasionalVermeer.Thehobbyhasgrownwiththewidespreadavailabilityofsatellitetrackingforusebyordinarypeople,infitnessappslikeNikeRunCluborMapMyRide.ItisnowapopularityonStravaoften___6___(refer)toas“Stravaart.” Stravaarthasexistedsincethatapp’sreleasein2009,butitexperiencedasuddenincreaseinuseduringthepandemic(疫情).AccordingtoMichaelJoseph,aseniorcommunicationsmanageratthecompany,morethanthreebillionactivities___7___(upload)toStravasincethebeginningof2020.Tocompleteherdigitalvisionof“GirlwithaPearlEarring,”Ms.Strongbikedalmost50milesaroundsouthernBrooklyn,carefullycheckingStrava___8___(make)surethateachturn,circle,andstraightawaywasachievingtheiconicearringandheadcoveringofVermeer’soriginal.“Ialwayshaveabigsmileonmyface___9___itworksoutandIuploaditandit’sdone,”shesaid.“It’safar___10___(satisfying)feeling.”【答案】1.completing2.drew3.what4.that##which5.Instead6.referred7.havebeenuploaded8.tomake9.when##as##after10.moresatisfying【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是跑步者和骑自行车的人用GPS地图来创作艺术。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：1665年，JohannesVermeer在他荷兰工作室的画布上涂抹了最后一滴颜料，完成了他的杰作《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》。句中谓语是dabbed，空格处用非谓语动词，JohannesVermeer和complete之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填completing。【2题详解】考查动词时态。句意：357年后的一个4月的一天，JanineStrong放慢自行车的速度停下来，暂停了健身应用程序，看着她骑自行车时蜿蜒的路线在布鲁克林的街道上勾勒出Vermeer这幅杰作的形状。as引导的是时间状语从句，由“OnanAprilday357yearslater”可知，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填drew。【3题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：Ms.Strong创作了所谓的“GPS艺术”——利用Strava等现代手机应用程序的全球定位系统(GPS)绘图功能，根据运动员穿越地形的路线绘制数字图形。“hascometo beknownas“GPSart””是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，句子表示“Ms.Strong创作了所谓的“GPS艺术””，因此空格处用what引导宾语从句，故填what。【4题详解】考查定语从句。句意：Ms.Strong创作了所谓的“GPS艺术”——利用Strava等现代手机应用程序的全球定位系统绘图功能，根据运动员穿越地形的路线绘制数字图形。空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词practice是物，因此空格处用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，故填that或which。【5题详解】考查固定短语。句意：Ms.Strong不会沿着笔直的小路骑行，也不会在公园里绕圈骑行，她把自行车设计成生日蛋糕、星星、小鸟、狮子的形状，偶尔还会画上Vermeer的画。由“ofbikingonastraightpathorincirclesaroundapark,Ms.Strongplansherridesintheshapesofbirthdaycakes,stars,birds,lions—andtheoccasionalVermeer”可知，句子表示“Ms.Strong不会沿着笔直的小路骑行，也不会在公园里绕圈骑行”，空格处意为“代替，而不是”，是固定短语insteadof，空格处是instead，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Instead。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它现在在Strava很受欢迎，通常被称为“Strava艺术”。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，popularity和referto之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词，表被动，作后置定语，故填referred。【7题详解】考查动词语态。句意：据该公司高级通信经理MichaelJoseph称，自2020年初以来，已有超过30亿项活动上传到Strava。由“sincethebeginningof2020”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，活动是被上传，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，have/hasbeendone，主语activities是复数，因此空格处是havebeenuploaded。故填havebeenuploaded。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了完成《戴珍珠耳环的女孩》（GirlwithaPearlEarring）的数字视觉，Ms.Strong在Brooklyn南部骑行了近50英里，仔细检查Strava，确保每一个转弯、每一圈、每一秒都能达到Vermeer原作中标志性的耳环和头巾。由“carefullycheckingStrava”可知，Ms.Strong仔细检查Strava的目的是确保每一个转弯、每一圈、每一秒都能达到Vermeer原作中标志性的耳环和头巾，空格处用不定式，表目的，故填tomake。【9题详解】 考查时间状语从句。句意：她说：“当我上传成功后，我脸上总是挂着灿烂的微笑。”由“itworksoutandIuploaditandit’sdone”可知，句子表示“当我上传成功后，我脸上总是挂着灿烂的微笑”，空格处意为“当……的时候”，用when/as引导时间状语从句；句子也可理解为“我上传成功后，我脸上总是挂着灿烂的微笑”，空格处意为“在……之后”，用after引导时间状语从句，因此空格处应用when/as/after引导从句。故填when/as/after。【10题详解】考查比较级。全科免费下载公众号《高中僧课堂》句意：这是一种更令人满意的感觉。far修饰比较级，satisfying的比较级是moresatisfying。故填moresatisfying。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accessibleB.criterionC.concentrateD.reducedE.evolvedF.exploreG.hostH.interactI.restorativeJ.stimulationK.verbaliseOutdoorPlayBenefitsKids’MentalRestorationManyofthepsychologicalbenefitsofoutdoorplayarealreadywellestablished.Ourbrains____11____innaturallandscapes,andourperceptual(感知的)systemsareparticularlywellsuitedtowildoutdoorspaces.Thismeansthatnaturalscenesprovidetheperfectlevelof____12____,whichisthoughttohelprechargethebrainwhenitistiredandeasilydistractable.Supportingthistheory,onestudyfoundthatchildrenwithattention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)werebetterableto____13____followinga20-minutewalkinthepark,comparedtoa20-minutewalkonthestreetsofawell-kepturbanarea.Beingexposedtograssandtreesseemedtohavehadabeneficialeffectontheirminds.Theauthorsrecommendedusingsuch“doses(剂量)ofnature”asasafeand____14____wayofsupportingchildrenwithADHD,alongsideothertools.Besidesthese____15____effects,outdoorplaycanoffervaluablelearningexperiences.Forexample,playingwithmudorsandcanhelpchildrendevelopthewaytheirsensesandmovement____16____,whichallowsthechildtograduallyunderstandhisorherbodilysignals.Suchactivities—awayfromthehouseorclassroom—mayalsohelpchildrentofindwaystocopewithemotionsthatmaybehardto____17____inotherenvironments.So-called“sandtray therapy”,whichinvolvesusingsandandclaytoexpressone’sthoughtsandfeelings,isanacceptedformofcounsellingforchildrenwhoarestrugglingto____18____theiremotionalstate.Whenitcomestothechild’sphysicalhealth,themostobviousadvantageofoutdoorplaymaybetheexercise.Achildmayfinditeasiertobuildupstrengthandenduranceinalargeopenspaceresultingina(n)____19____riskofoverweight,accordingtoonestudyledbyElizabethGershoff,professorofhumandevelopmentandfamilysciencesattheUniversityofTexasatAustin,US.Thelatestfindings,however,suggesttherecouldbea(n)____20____ofotheradvantagestoplayinginnaturalenvironments—andthesecretmaybealiveinthemuditself.【答案】11.E12.J13.C14.A15.I16.H17.F18.K19.D20.G【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是户外玩耍对孩子心理恢复的好处。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：我们的大脑在自然景观中进化，我们的感知系统特别适合野外户外空间。由“innaturallandscapes,andourperceptual(感知的)systemsareparticularlywellsuitedtowildoutdoorspaces”可知，此处表示“我们的大脑在自然景观中进化”，空格处意为“进化”，是evolve，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式。故选E。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：这意味着自然场景提供了完美的刺激水平，这被认为可以帮助大脑在疲劳和容易分心时充电。由上文“ourperceptual(感知的)systemsareparticularlywellsuitedtowildoutdoorspaces”和下文“whichisthoughttohelprechargethebrainwhenitistiredandeasilydistractable”可知，这意味着自然场景提供了完美的刺激水平，这被认为可以帮助大脑在疲劳和容易分心时充电，空格处意为“刺激”，用名词stimulation作宾语。故选J。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：支持这一理论的一项研究发现，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的儿童在公园散步20分钟后，比在维护良好的城市地区的街道上散步20分钟更能集中注意力。由上文“helprechargethebrainwhenitistiredandeasilydistractable”和“childrenwithattention-deficit hyperactivitydisorder”可知，此处表示“患有注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的儿童在公园散步20分钟后，比在维护良好的城市地区的街道上散步20分钟更能集中注意力”。故选C。【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：作者建议使用这种“自然剂量”作为一种安全易行的方式来支持患有多动症的儿童，以及其他工具。由上文“Beingexposedtograssandtrees”可知，让孩子接触草地和树木是一种安全易行的方式，空格处意为“易得到的”，用形容词accessible作定语，修饰名词way。故选A。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：除了这些恢复性作用，户外游戏还能提供宝贵的学习经验。由上文“childrenwithattention-deficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)werebetterableto____3____followinga20-minutewalkinthepark”可知，此处表示儿童去公园散步有恢复性的作用，空格处意为“恢复性的”，用形容词restorative作定语，修饰名词effects。故选I。【16题详解】考查动词。句意：例如，玩泥巴或沙子可以帮助孩子发展他们的感官和运动相互作用的方式，这让孩子逐渐理解他或她的身体信号。由下文“whichallowsthechildtograduallyunderstandhisorherbodilysignals”可知，玩泥巴或沙子可以帮助孩子发展他们的感官和运动相互作用的方式，这让孩子逐渐理解他或她的身体信号，空格处意为“相互作用”，是interact，“theirsensesandmovement__6__”是定语从句，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“theirsensesandmovement”是复数，因此空格处用动词原形。故选H。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：这些远离房子或教室的活动也可以帮助孩子们找到应对情绪的方法，这些情绪在其他环境中可能很难探索。由下文“So-called“sandtraytherapy”,whichinvolvesusingsandandclaytoexpressone’sthoughtsandfeelings”可知，句子表示“这些远离房子或教室的活动也可以帮助孩子们找到应对情绪的方法，这些情绪在其他环境中可能很难探索”，空格处意为“探索”，是explore，behardtodo意为“很难做某事”，空格处用动词原形。故选F。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：所谓的“沙盘疗法”，就是用沙子和粘土来表达自己的想法和感受，是一种为难以用语言表达自己情绪状态的儿童提供咨询的公认形式。由上文“So-called“sandtraytherapy”,whichinvolvesusingsandandclaytoexpressone’sthoughtsandfeelings”可知，所谓的 “沙盘疗法”，就是用沙子和粘土来表达自己的想法和感受，是一种为难以用语言表达自己情绪状态的儿童提供咨询的公认形式，空格处意为“用词语表达”，是verbalise，struggletodo是固定短语，意为“尽力做某事”，因此空格处是动词原形。故选K。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校人类发展与家庭科学教授ElizabethGershoff领导的一项研究表明，孩子在开阔的空间里更容易锻炼力量和耐力，从而降低超重的风险。由上文“finditeasiertobuildupstrengthandendurance”可知，孩子在开阔的空间里更容易锻炼力量和耐力，因此会降低超重的风险，空格处意为“降低的”，用形容词reduced作定语，修饰名词risk。故选D。【20题详解】考查固定短语。句意：然而，最新的研究结果表明，在自然环境中玩耍还有很多其他的好处，而秘密可能就在泥土中。由下文“otheradvantagestoplayinginnaturalenvironments”可知，在自然环境中玩耍还有很多其他的好处，观察选项可知，空格处用host，ahostof意为“许多”。故选G。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Doesareassuringtouchonthebackbringyoucomfortduringatoughday?Anewstudyfinds,whenitcomestotouching,peoplearen’teven____21____aboutwho’sdoingit.ResearchersinGermanysaythetouchofahumanoid(人形的)robotmakespeople____22____andmorelikelytofollowtheirrequests.Insteadofbeing____23____onotherhumans,researchersarehopingthatonedayrobotsmaybeabletofulfilltherolesoftherapists,personaltrainers,andevenlifecoaches.Theirstudyfollowsthewidespreadincreaseoftouch____24____duringtheCOVID-19pandemic.Severalstudieshavepointedouthowphysicaldistancingandisolationiscreatingavarietyofnegativeeffectsthatincreasefeelingsofstress,depression,andanxiety.Inthisresearch,48studentsengagedinaconversationwithNAO–aprogrammableresearchrobot.Duringthecourse,forsomeparticipants,therobotbrieflyandseeminglyrandomly____25____ thebackoftheparticipant’shand.Thisdifferedfromthedesignofotherstudies,whichhavereliedon____26____touch.Inresponsetotherobot’stouch,mostparticipantssmiledandlaughed,andnone____27____.Resultsshowthosewhoweretouchedweremorelikelyto____28____theroboturgingthemtoshowinterestinaparticularacademiccoursediscussedduringtheconversation.Participantsalsoreportedabetter____29____stateaftertherobot’staponthehand.____30____,studentswhoweretouchedweremorelikelytogivetherobotahigherscoreforphysicalattractiveness(althoughtheseparticipantsstillonlyratedpoorNAOa2.5outof5onaverage).“Arobot’snon-functionaltouch____31____tohumans,”LauraHoffmannfromRuhrUniversityandherteamwrite.“Slightlytappinghumanparticipants’handsduringaconversationresultedinbetterfeelingsandmorecompliance(依从)totherequestofahumanoidrobot.”“Itisremarkablethatsimpleandbrieftaponthebackofparticipants’handsshowedsuchaneffect.Involvingmorecomplexand____32____touchingfromarobotmightincreaseengagementandcompliance.”Astheresearchersargue,thissmallstudy–oneofthefirsttoexaminethe____33____ofrobot-initiatedtouch–suggeststhatthroughtheuseofcomfortingtouches,robottherapistscouldbetter____34____patientstoengageinhealthyactivitiessuchasexercise.However,theycautionthatmuchabouthuman-robot____35____arecomplex,withtherestillmoretobelearnedaboutthedifferencebetweenhumanandrobottouch.21.A.curiousB.crazyC.pickyD.certain22.A.happierB.freerC.morestressedD.morefrightened23.A.hardB.dependentC.impressedD.based24.A.completionB.formationC.imaginationD.starvation25.A.watchedB.pattedC.cleanedD.blocked26.A.human-initiatedB.time-pressedC.technique-basedD.goal-oriented27.A.madeoutB.thoughtbackC.pulledawayD.setoff28.A.lookoverB.goalongwithC.takeoffD.standupagainst 29.A.physicalB.emotionalC.financialD.social30A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.Still31.A.mattersB.seesC.relatesD.gets32.A.warmerB.longerC.morefriendlyD.moreforceful33.A.theoryB.historyC.trendD.potential34.A.warnB.persuadeC.forceD.control35.A.similaritiesB.conflictsC.constructionsD.interactions【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.A27.C28.B29.B30.C31.A32.B33.D34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项新的研究发现，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。德国研究人员表示，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项新的研究发现，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。A.curious好奇的；B.crazy疯狂的；C.picky挑剔的；D.certain确定的。根据下文“ResearchersinGermanysaythetouchofahumanoid(人形的)robotmakespeople____2____andmorelikelytofollowtheirrequests”可知，当涉及到触摸时，人们甚至不会挑剔谁在触摸。故选C。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德国研究人员表示，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。A.happier更快乐的；B.freer更自由的；C.morestressed感到更大压力的；D.morefrightened更害怕的。根据下文“Slightlytappinghumanparticipants’handsduringaconversationresultedinbetterfeelingsandmorecompliance(依从)totherequestofahumanoidrobot”可知，与人形机器人的接触会让人更快乐，也更愿意听从机器人的要求。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员希望有一天机器人可以扮演治疗师、私人教练甚至生 活教练的角色，而不是依赖于其他人。A.hard困难的；B.dependent依赖的；C.impressed印象深刻的；D.based（以某事）为基础的，为根据的。根据下文“researchersarehopingthatonedayrobotsmaybeabletofulfilltherolesoftherapists,personaltrainers,andevenlifecoaches”可知，研究人员希望有一天机器人可以扮演治疗师、私人教练甚至生活教练的角色，而不是依赖于其他人。故选B。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的研究是在COVID-19大流行期间对触摸的渴望普遍增加之后进行的。A.completion完成；B.formation组成；C.imagination想象力；D.starvation饥饿。根据下文“Severalstudieshavepointedouthowphysicaldistancingandisolationiscreatingavarietyofnegativeeffectsthatincreasefeelingsofstress,depression,andanxiety”可知，在COVID-19大流行期间人们渴望触摸，空格处用starvation表示“渴望”。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，对于一些参与者来说，机器人会短暂地、似乎是随机地拍他们的手背。A.watched观看；B.patted拍打；C.cleaned清洁；D.blocked堵塞。根据第9空后的“robot’staponthehand”可知，机器人会短暂地、似乎是随机地拍他们的手背。故选B。26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这与其他研究的设计不同，其他研究依赖于人类主动的触摸。A.human-initiated人类触发的；B.time-pressed时间紧迫的；C.technique-based基于技术的；D.goal-oriented面向目标的。根据下文“thissmallstudy–oneofthefirsttoexaminethe____13____ofrobot-initiatedtouch”可知，这个研究和其他研究不同，其他研究依赖于人类主动的触摸，空格处意为“人类触发的”。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于机器人的触摸，大多数参与者都笑了笑，没有人离开。A.madeout辨认出；B.thoughtback回想；C.pulledaway离开；D.setoff出发。根据下文“Resultsshowthosewhoweretouchedweremorelikelyto____8____theroboturgingthemtoshowinterestinaparticularacademiccoursediscussedduringtheconversation”可知，对于机器人的触摸，大多数参与者都笑了笑，没有人离开，故选C。28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：结果显示，那些被触摸过的人更有可能同意机器人的要求，让他 们对对话中讨论的特定学术课程表现出兴趣。A.lookover检查；B.goalongwith赞同；C.takeoff起飞；D.standupagainst反对。根据下文“Slightlytappinghumanparticipants’handsduringaconversationresultedinbetterfeelingsandmorecompliance(依从)totherequestofahumanoidrobot”可知，那些被触摸过的人更有可能同意机器人的要求。故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与者还报告说，机器人轻拍他们的手后，他们的情绪状态有所改善。A.physical身体的；B.emotional情绪的；C.financial金融的；D.social社会的。根据下文“Slightlytappinghumanparticipants’handsduringaconversationresultedinbetterfeelingsandmorecompliance(依从)totherequestofahumanoidrobot”可知，机器人轻拍他们的手后，他们的情绪状态有所改善。故选B。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，被触摸过的学生更有可能给机器人的外表吸引力打更高的分（尽管这些参与者仍然只给可怜的NAO打了平均2.5分（满分5分））。A.However然而；B.Therefore因此；C.Furthermore此外；D.Still仍然。根据下文“studentswhoweretouchedweremorelikelytogivetherobotahigherscoreforphysicalattractiveness”可知，空后内容是补充说明的，空格处是“此外”。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“机器人的非功能性触摸对人类很重要，”Ruhr大学的LauraHoffmann和她的团队写道。A.matters重要；B.sees看见；C.relates联系；D.gets得到。根据下文“Slightlytappinghumanparticipants’handsduringaconversationresultedinbetterfeelingsandmorecompliance(依从)totherequestofahumanoidrobot”可知，机器人的非功能性触摸对人类很重要。故选A。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让机器人进行更复杂、更长时间的触摸，可能会提高用户的参与度和依从性。A.warmer更温暖的；B.longer更长的；C.morefriendly更友好的；D.moreforceful更有力的。根据上文“Slightlytappinghumanparticipants’handsduringaconversationresultedinbetterfeelingsandmorecompliance(依从)totherequestofahumanoidrobot”和下文“mightincreaseengagementandcompliance”可知，让机器人进行更复杂、更长时间的触摸，可能会提高用户的参与度和依从性。故选B。【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如研究人员所言，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一，它表明，通过使用舒适的触摸，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动，如锻炼。A.theory理论；B.history历史；C.trend趋势；D.potential潜能。根据下文“ofrobot-initiatedtouch”可知，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如研究人员所言，这项小型研究是首次检验机器人发起的触摸潜力的研究之一，它表明，通过使用舒适的触摸，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动，如锻炼。A.warn警告；B.persuade说服；C.force强迫；D.control控制。根据上文“Slightlytappinghumanparticipants’handsduringaconversationresultedinbetterfeelingsandmorecompliance(依从)totherequestofahumanoidrobot”可知，机器人治疗师可以更好地说服患者参与健康活动。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们警告说，人与机器人之间的互动很复杂，关于人与机器人触摸之间的区别还有更多需要了解的地方。A.similarities相同点；B.conflicts矛盾；C.constructions建造，建筑；D.interactions互动。根据下文“humanandrobottouch”可知，此处表示“人与机器人之间的互动很复杂”。故选D。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Iknowpeoplewhosaytheydon’twatchtelevision,andIalwaysnodandagree.Readingrequiresintelligence,andtelevisionismerelyentertainment,right?I’mgoingtoScotlandthisyear,andthreedifferentpeopletoldmeImustwatch“Outlander”beforeIgo,whichislike“GameofThrones”forfansofromancenovels.Iwatchedthefirstfourhourlongepisodesbacktoback.WhenIstoodupfromthecouchIfeltsick,anditwasn’tjustthecookies,popcornandpeanutbuttersandwichesI’dhadwithoutnoticing.Itwasdarkoutside,andIfeltashamed.Ihadspenthalfadayonthecouch.ResearchforScotland?Notexactly. AfewdayslaterIhadalibrarybookdue:TheNationalBookAwardwinnerTheFriend,bySigridNunez.Ineededtofinishit,soIreadthelasthalfstraightthrough.IwasabsorbedinNunez’sNewYorkCity,worryingabouttheheroin’scareerandherfuture.Ifinishedthebookwithtearsinmyeyesandstoodupfeeling,well,great.Ihadwastedanotherfourhoursonmycouch.Ihadn’teatenasmuchjunkfoodbecauseIneededmyhandsfree—andnotsticky—soIcouldturnpagesandreturnthebooktothelibraryrelativelyclean,butIhadn’tmovedandonceagainitwasdarkoutside.WhydidIfeelsomuchbetterandguilt-free?Alltheresearchsaysreadingabookisgoodforyou.Itreducesstress,promotescomprehensionandimagination,relievesdepression,helpsyousleepandmaycontributetopreventingAlzheimer’s.Theactofphysicallyturningapagecreatesamomentarypauseforunderstandingtosinkin.Ourbrainshavetoworktotranslatetheblacksquiggles(弯弯曲曲的线条)onthepageintowordsandtheninterpretthemeaningandintentofthosewords.Whenacharacterisdescribedastallwithbrownhair,areadercreatesherownpicture.TVtakesallthatimaginationaway.Butthere’salotofgoodTVnow.I’dliketosaytheanswertoTVversusbooksmustbe,asAristotlesaid,“Moderationinallthings,”thoughheneverhadatelevisionoracomputerandhadtoreadhisscrolls(长卷纸)bycandlelight.Iagreethattoomuchtelevisionisbadforyou.IknowIfeelbetterifIread,butitwon’tstopmefromwatchingtoo:MysecondDVDof“Outlander”hasjustarrived,andassoonasIgetthisessaydone,therestofmydayisfree.36.By“Ialwaysnodandagree”(paragraph1),theauthorimpliesthat_______.A.sheshouldbepolitetogettheconversationtogoonB.sheisreluctanttoadmitthatshewatchestelevisionC.shebelievesthosewhosaytheydon’twatchTVD.shedoesn’tthinkhighlyofTVeither37.Thephrase“backtoback”(paragraph2)isclosestinmeaningto“_______”.A.frommorningtillnightB.oneafteranotherwithoutabreakC.leaningagainstthebackofthecouchD.lookingattheoppositedirection38.TheauthorfeltbetterafterreadingTheFriendthanwatching“Outlander”,mostprobablybecause_______.A.shedidn’tfeelhungryforanysnacks B.theTVseriesgothertocancelhertriptoScotlandC.thetelevisionserieswasnomoreattractivethanthebookD.sheregardedreadingasmorerewardingthanwatchingTV39.Whatcanbeconcludedfromalltheresearchintroducedinparagraph5?A.ReadingisactivewhilewatchingTVispassive.B.ReadinginvolvesphysicalexerciseswhilewatchingTVdoesn’t.C.ReadingstimulatesthebraintoconcentratewhilewatchingTVdoesn’t.D.Readingisgoodforone’smentalhealthwhilewatchingTVisbadforit.【答案】36.D37.B38.D39.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过对比看四个小时的电视和书所带来的不同感觉来说明看书的好处。【36题详解】推理判断题。“Ialwaysnodandagree”的字面意思是“我总是点头表示同意”，根据第一段的“Readingrequiresintelligence,andtelevisionismerelyentertainment(阅读需要智力，而电视仅仅是娱乐)”可知，作者说“Ialwaysnodandagree”暗示了作者对电视也评价不高，故选D。【37题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“WhenIstoodupfromthecouchIfeltsick,anditwasn’tjustthecookies,popcornandpeanutbuttersandwichesI’dhadwithoutnoticing.Itwasdarkoutside,andIfeltashamed.Ihadspenthalfadayonthecouch.(当我从沙发上站起来的时候，我觉得不舒服，这不仅仅是因为我不知不觉吃了饼干、爆米花和花生酱三明治。外面很黑，我感到很惭愧。我在沙发上躺了半天。)”可知，作者在沙发上不停地看电视，也就是一集一集地不停地看，“backtoback”意为“一个接一个，没有休息”，即oneafteranotherwithoutabreak，故选B。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段的“Alltheresearchsaysreadingabookisgoodforyou.Itreducesstress,promotescomprehensionandimagination,relievesdepression,helpsyousleepandmaycontributetopreventingAlzheimer’s.Theactofphysicallyturningapagecreatesamomentarypauseforunderstandingtosinkin.Ourbrainshavetoworktotranslatetheblacksquiggles(弯弯曲曲的线条)onthepageintowordsandtheninterpretthemeaningandintentofthosewords.( 所有的研究都表明读书对你有好处。它可以减轻压力，促进理解和想象力，缓解抑郁，帮助睡眠，并可能有助于预防阿尔茨海默氏症。翻页的动作会让你有片刻的停顿来理解。我们的大脑必须工作，把书页上的黑色涂鸦翻译成文字，然后解释这些文字的含义和意图。)”可知，作者在看完TheFriend后感觉比看“Outlander”好多了，很可能是因为她认为读书比看电视更有意义，故选D。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段的“Theactofphysicallyturningapagecreatesamomentarypauseforunderstandingtosinkin.Ourbrainshavetoworktotranslatetheblacksquiggles(弯弯曲曲的线条)onthepageintowordsandtheninterpretthemeaningandintentofthosewords.Whenacharacterisdescribedastallwithbrownhair,areadercreatesherownpicture.TVtakesallthatimaginationaway.(翻页的动作会让你有片刻的停顿来理解。我们的大脑必须工作，把书页上的黑色涂鸦翻译成文字，然后解释这些文字的含义和意图。当一个人物被描述为高个子、棕色头发时，读者就会创造出自己的形象。电视剥夺了所有的想象力。)”可知，从第5段介绍的所有研究中可以得出的结论是阅读是主动的，而看电视是被动的。故选A。(B)GuidelinesforPosterPresentationsDate:Friday28OctoberTime:13.00-14.20(Presentersarerequiredtobebytheirpostersby12.55sharp.)PosterSessionFormat-Thepostersessionisaself-explanatoryexhibitwherethepresenter(s)is/areavailableforone-on-onediscussion.-Allthein-personposterpresentationswilltakeplacesimultaneously(同时进行的).Seebelowforspecificdetailsofonlineposterpresentations.PosterdesignandLayout-Eachpostershouldmeasureabout90×120cm(36×48inches).-Thetextsandillustrationsshouldbereadablefrom150cm(about5feet)away.-Posterscanbehand-writtenorprintedincolour/blackandwhite.Set-upandRemoval-Posterswillbedisplayedbyfixingthemonboards/wallsprovided.Youwillbegiventhenecessarytoolstocarryoutthistask.-Presentersarerequiredtohangtheirpostersduringthelunchbreak(12:00-13:00)onFriday28 Octoberandremovethemafterthesession(14:20).-Presentersareresponsiblefortheset-upandremovaloftheirownposters.Staffwillalsobeintheposterareatoassistyou.-Eachposterpresentationwillbenumberedintheprogrammeschedule.Posternumberswillalsobeshownonthedisplayboards.Makesuretheposterisfixedunderthecorrectnumber.-Playingofloudaudioorvideoclipsisnotallowed,keepinginmindthenoiselevelinthehall.Foronlineposterpresentations:-Onceyourposterisready,takeagoodpictureofitandsendittousatleastoneweekbeforetheconference.We’lltakeaprintoutofthisanddisplayitliketheotherposters.ThiswillhelptheaudienceintheHallinChennaitolookatthembeforetheycanlogintoyourpresentationattheassignedtime.-Duringposterpresentationwhoeverwouldliketointeractwithyouwilllogintoyoursession.ThiswillbefortheentiredurationofthepresentationwithbriefexplanationsandQ&Ainterspersed(穿插)witheachother.Participantscanmovearoundtootherposterpresentationsduringthisperiod,bothonlineandin-person.40.Accordingtotheguidelines,thepostershavetobe_______.A.handwrittenonpaperinblackandwhiteB.hungonthewallsofaspecificareainthehallC.easilyrecognizablefromfivemetersawayD.numberedbyanon-sitestaffmember41.Whichofthefollowingisaspecificrequirementforonlineposterpresenters?A.Theyshouldremainonlinefortheentire100minutes.B.Theyshouldgetreadyforpresentationatexactly12:55.C.Theyneedtosendane-versionoftheirposterstotheorganizer.D.Theywillberequiredtogiveexplanationsoranswerquestions.42.Thepassageismeantfor_______.A.peoplewhohaveunsolvedquestionstoconsultaboutB.peoplewhoareinterestedinvisitinganexhibitionC.peoplewhoareskilledatmakinggoodpostersD.peoplewhowanttoexhibittheirposters 【答案】40.B41.C42.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，是一份海报展示指南。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据Set-upandRemoval部分的“Posterswillbedisplayedbyfixingthemonboards/wallsprovided.(海报将通过固定在提供的板/墙上来展示。)”和“Presentersarerequiredtohangtheirpostersduringthelunchbreak(12:00-13:00)onFriday28Octoberandremovethemafterthesession(14:20).(展示者须于10月28日（星期五）午膳时间（12:00-13:00）悬挂海报，并于会后（14:20）取下海报。)”可知，根据这些指南，海报必须挂在大厅特定区域的墙上，故选B。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据Foronlineposterpresentations:部分的“Onceyourposterisready,takeagoodpictureofitandsendittousatleastoneweekbeforetheconference.(一旦你的海报准备好了，拍一张好的照片，并在会议前至少一周发给我们。)”可知，对在线海报展示者的具体要求是他们需要向组织者发送电子版本的海报。故选C。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据Foronlineposterpresentations:部分的“Onceyourposterisready,takeagoodpictureofitandsendittousatleastoneweekbeforetheconference.We’lltakeaprintoutofthisanddisplayitliketheotherposters.ThiswillhelptheaudienceintheHallinChennaitolookatthembeforetheycanlogintoyourpresentationattheassignedtime.(一旦你的海报准备好了，拍一张好的照片，并在会议前至少一周发给我们。我们把它打印出来，像其他海报一样展示出来。这将帮助金奈大厅的观众在指定时间登录到您的演示之前查看它们。)”可知，本文是给想要进行海报展示的人所写的，故选D。(C)Muchlikebeauty,artisintheeyeofthebeholder.Theartworkweareattractedtocangiveinsightintoourpersonality,suchaswhetherwearetooquickortooslow,calmormoody.Studiesintoartpreferencesdatebacktothe1930s—mostofthemexaminingtheextenttowhichpeoplelikeordislikedifferentpaintings.Researchshowsthataperson’sinterestinartismorestronglyrelatedtocertainpersonalitytraitsthantosocialclass,age,orgender.Inparticular,apersonalitytraitcalled“openness”isthebestpredictorofwhetherindividualsare interestedinart.Ontheotherside,thosewhoidentifyas“conscientious(一丝不苟的)”,areoftenlessdrawntothearts.ThesetraitsarepartoftheBigFive,awidelyacceptedpersonalitytheorybasedonnearlyacenturyofresearch.Themodelclaimsthateachpersonalityiscomposedofacombinationoffivecoretraits:openness,conscientiousness,extroversion(enjoyingbeingwithotherpeople),agreeableness(beingpleasant)andneuroticism(feelingworriedandnervous).Ratherthanstatingapersonasbeingeithershyoroutgoing,theBigFiveModelbelievesthateveryoneliessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Personalitytraitsmayalsoaffectthewaypeoplevisuallyscanart.A2018studytrackedparticipants’eyemovementsastheystudiedabstractartwork.Themajorityofparticipantsconcentratedontheupper-rightpart.Thismakessense,astherighthalfofthebrainisspecializedforvisualandspatialprocessing,andalsoplaysasignificantroleinprocessingtheemotionsthatartdrawsout.However,participantswhotendedtowardneuroticismfocusedontheleftsideofthepicture,andthosewithmentaldiseasepaidmoreattentiontothebottomofthepicture.Evenwiththeimpressiveamountofresearchintotherelationshipbetweenpeople’spersonalitytraitsandtheirloveforart,therearestillholesinthetheories.Forinstance,somescientistsclaimthattheBigFiveModeldoesn’ttranslateacrossculturesandismainlytargetedtowardthoselivingindevelopednations.Also,moststudieshavefocusedontwo-dimensionalart,likepaintings,andhaven’tyetcaptureddifferingpreferencesforthevarietyofmediathatexistaroundtheworld.Thenthere’sthefactthatourartpreferenceschangeovertimeandareinformedbyourages,relationshipsandlifeexperiences.People’spreferencesforartarenearlyascomplicatedasartitself.Butifyou’relookingforaquicktestofsomeone’sgeneralpersonalitytraits,itdoesn’thurttoglanceatwhat’shangingontheirwalls.43.Whichofthefollowingisthebestillustrationof“artisintheeyeofthebeholder”inparagraph1?A.Wejudgeapieceofartbasedonwhetheritisconsideredbeautiful.B.Thebeautyofapieceofartworkdependsonitsqualityandprice.C.Theowneroftheartworkistheonewholovesitthemost.D.Whetheranartworkisappealingisasubjectivematter.44.Theshadowedareaineachofthefollowingpicturesisthepartapersonfocusesonwhenenjoying anabstractpainting.Accordingtothe2018study,whichbestillustratestheperceptionofapersonwhotendstobeinanxiety?A.B.C.D.45.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageabouttheBigFiveModel?A.Itisagloballyacceptedmeasuringsystem.B.Everyonecanfitintooneofthefivecategories.C.Thereismuchevidenceofscientificstudiestobackit.D.Itcanexplainthechangeinourartpreferenceovertime.46.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Whatdoesyourtasteinartsayaboutyou?B.Howtorevealone’spersonalitytraits?C.Whydoweliketheartworkwelike?D.Howtodiscoveryourartpreference?【答案】43.D44.C45.C46.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究表明，一个人对艺术的兴趣与某些个性特征的关系更大，而不是与社会阶层、年龄或性别的关系。【43题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Theartworkweareattractedtocangiveinsightintoourpersonality,suchaswhetherwearetooquickortooslow,calmormoody.(吸引我们的艺术作品可以洞察我们的个性，比如我们是太快还是太慢，冷静还是情绪化。)”可知，对艺术的喜爱能反映我们的个性，因此“artisintheeyeofthebeholder”的意思是“一件艺术品是否吸引人是一个主观问题”，故选D。 【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的“However,participantswhotendedtowardneuroticismfocusedontheleftsideofthepicture,andthosewithmentaldiseasepaidmoreattentiontothebottomofthepicture.(然而，倾向于神经过敏的参与者关注的是图片的左侧，而患有精神疾病的参与者则更多地关注图片的底部。)”可知，一个处于焦虑状态的人会关注图片的左侧和底部，故选C。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“ThesetraitsarepartoftheBigFive,awidelyacceptedpersonalitytheorybasedonnearlyacenturyofresearch.(这些特质是“BigFive”的一部分。“BigFive”是基于近一个世纪的研究而被广泛接受的人格理论。)”可知，有很多科学研究的证据支持BigFiveModel这一观点。故选C。【46题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Theartworkweareattractedtocangiveinsightintoourpersonality,suchaswhetherwearetooquickortooslow,calmormoody.Studiesintoartpreferencesdatebacktothe1930s—mostofthemexaminingtheextenttowhichpeoplelikeordislikedifferentpaintings.Researchshowsthataperson’sinterestinartismorestronglyrelatedtocertainpersonalitytraitsthantosocialclass,age,orgender.(吸引我们的艺术作品可以洞察我们的个性，比如我们是太快还是太慢，冷静还是情绪化。关于艺术偏好的研究可以追溯到20世纪30年代，大多数研究都是调查人们对不同绘画作品的喜欢或不喜欢程度。研究表明，一个人对艺术的兴趣与某些个性特征的关系更大，而不是与社会阶层、年龄或性别的关系。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究表明，一个人对艺术的兴趣与某些个性特征的关系更大，而不是与社会阶层、年龄或性别的关系，因此最好的题目是A选项“Whatdoesyourtasteinartsayaboutyou?(你的艺术品味说明了关于你的什么？)”，故选A。SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.SocialEngineeringWhenusingsocialmedia,manyusersmaynotbethinkingofthesocialengineeringimplicationsthatcanarisewithtoomuchover-sharingofpersonalinformation.However,whatpeopleshareinpostscanpaintaveryvividpictureofaperson–whichcanthenbemisusedbyhackers. “____47____Socialengineeringisthenumberonecauseofmostspitefuldatabreaches(泄露),”saidRogerGrimes,data-drivendefensespecialistatcybersecurityfirmKnowBe4.“Nothingelseisevenclose,percentage-wise,”Grimeswarned,“Nearlyeveryorganizationcouldbestimprovetheircybersecuritydefenseplansiftheyfocusedfarmoreonreducingthelikelihoodofsocialengineering.Noothersingledefensecoulddomoretoprotectanorganizationagainsthackingandmalware(恶意软件).”“Everyorganizationshouldlooktoseewhattheycanimproveintheirdefense-in-depthplan(e.g.,policies,technicaldefenses,andeducation)todefeatsocialengineering.Itisbecausealmostnoorganizationappropriatelyfocusesthenecessaryresourcesandtrainingagainstsocialengineeringthatallowshackersandmalwaretobesolong-termsuccessful.____48____”Thesecurityexpertswarnthateveninthecontextof“socialmedia,”usersshouldn’tlettheirguarddown.____49____“Asindividuals,weareawareofthepersonalthreatsposedbycyberattacksdirectedagainstus,”suggestedErfan,cybersecurityexpertatdatasecurityComforteAG.“Toavoidbeingvictimized,it’sbesttooperateunderthemindsetthatdigitalfootprintsexisteverywhereandcanneverbecompletelywipedout.”“Asmembersofbusinessesandorganizations,weknowthatenterprisedataisalwaysatemptingtargetforhackers,”Erfancontinued.“____50____Preventingattacksandbreachesisnot100percentfool-proof,sowecanonlyhopethatbigtechshaveinstitutedthemeasuresofdata-centricsecurityapplieddirectlytodataincasethatsensitiveinformationfallsintothewronghands.”A.Infact,thisiswhereusersshouldactuallyadoptamorecautiousattitude.B.TherecentattackagainstTwittershouldunderscoretheneedfordata-centricsecurity.C.Fordevelopers,thisvulnerabilityalsoshowsthere’sstillaneedforproperinputvalidationandensurethatanyrequestisauthorized.D.Hackerslovethatdefendersaredistractedanddon’tfocusappropriateresourcesonthenumberonethreat.E.Organizationsshouldmakeajointefforttoprotectthesensitivedatafromexploitation.FThisisjustonemoreexampleofthesuccessofsocialengineeringusedbyhackers.【答案】47.F48.D49.A50.B【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因，并表达了大型技术公司制定以数据为中心的安全措施的必要性。【47题详解】上文“However,whatpeopleshareinpostscanpaintaveryvividpictureofaperson—whichcanthenbemisusedbyhackers.(然而，人们在帖子中分享的内容可以描绘出一个人非常生动的形象——这可能会被黑客滥用。)”在讲述人们在帖子中分享的内容可能会被黑客滥用；下文“Socialengineeringisthenumberonecauseofmostspitefuldatabreaches(泄露),saidRogerGrimes,data-drivendefensespecialistatcybersecurityfirmKnowBe4.(社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因，网络安全公司KnowBe4的数据驱动防御专家RogerGrimes说。)”在讲述社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因；选项F“Thisisjustonemoreexampleofthesuccessofsocialengineeringusedbyhackers.(这只是黑客利用社交工程取得成功的又一个例子。)”在讲述黑客利用社交工程取得成功，承接了上文所述的黑客滥用人们在帖子中分享的内容，表明了这是黑客利用社交工程取得成功的又一个例子，同时引出了下文对于社交工程是大多数恶意数据泄露的头号原因的表述，故选项F符合语境；故选F项。【48题详解】上文“Itisbecausealmostnoorganizationappropriatelyfocusesthenecessaryresourcesandtrainingagainstsocialengineeringthatallowshackersandmalwaretobesolong-termsuccessful.(这是因为几乎没有一个组织恰当地将必要的资源和培训集中在对抗社交工程上，使得黑客和恶意软件能够获得如此长期的成功。)”在讲述几乎没有组织将必要的资源和培训集中在对抗社交工程上；选项D“Hackerslovethatdefendersaredistractedanddon’tfocusappropriateresourcesonthenumberonethreat(黑客喜欢防御者分心，不把适当的资源集中在头号威胁上。)”在讲述黑客喜欢防御者不把资源集中在头号威胁上，与上文所述内容主旨一致，都意在表示因为防御者不将资源集中对抗头号威胁，导致黑客和恶意软件获得长期成功，故选项D符合语境；故选D项。【49题详解】上文“Thesecurityexpertswarnthateveninthecontextof“socialmedia,”usersshouldn’tlettheirguarddown.(安全专家警告说，即使是在“社交媒体”的背景下，用户也不应该放松警惕。)”在讲述即使在“社交媒体”的背景下，用户也不应该放松警惕；选项A“Infact,thisiswhereusersshouldactuallyadoptamorecautiousattitude.( 事实上，这正是用户应该采取更谨慎态度的地方)”在讲述用户在某种情况下应该采取更谨慎的态度，承接了上文所述内容，即在“社交媒体”的背景下，用户应该采取更谨慎态度，故选项A符合语境；故选A项。【50题详解】上文““Asmembersofbusinessesandorganizations,weknowthatenterprisedataisalwaysatemptingtargetforhackers,”Erfancontinued.(“作为企业和组织的成员，我们知道企业数据一直是黑客的诱人目标，”Erfan继续说道。)”在讲述企业数据一直是黑客的目标；下文“Preventingattacksandbreachesisnot100percentfool-proof,sowecanonlyhopethatbigtechshaveinstitutedthemeasuresofdata-centricsecurityapplieddirectlytodataincasethatsensitiveinformationfallsintothewronghands.(防止攻击和入侵并不是百分之百万无一失的，所以我们只能希望大型科技公司已经制定了以数据为中心的安全措施，直接应用于数据，以防敏感信息落入不法分子之手。)”在讲述大型科技公司要制定以数据为中心的安全措施；选项B“TherecentattackagainstTwittershouldunderscoretheneedfordata-centricsecurity.(最近针对Twitter的攻击应该强调以数据为中心的安全的必要性。)”在讲述强调以数据为中心的安全的重要性，是针对上文所述现象所要采取的措施，同时引出下文对于以数据为中心的安全措施的具体阐述，故选项B符合语境；故选B项。IV.SummaryWriting51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.AreOceansSilent?Mostseacreatures,fromwhalesanddolphinstofish,sharksandshrimps,respondtosound,andmanycanproduceit.Theyuseittohuntandtohide,findmatesandfood,sendmessagesandgivewarnings,establishterritories,warnoffcompetitors,confusetheirtargets,deceiveenemies,andsensechangesinwaterandconditions.Marineanimalsclickbones,grindteethandbelchgases(磨牙打嗝);usespecialorganstomakevariousnoises.Farfromthe‘silentdeep’,theoceansaresonoisy.Intothisage-longconfusednoise,intheblinkofanevolutionaryeye,hasenteredanewthunder:thetremblingsoundofmightyenginesas46,220largeshipspassedtheworld’sshippingcourses.Scientistssaythatbackgroundnoiseintheoceanhasincreasedroughlyby15decibels(分贝)inthepast50years.Itmaynotsoundlikemuchinoverallterms,butitisenough,accordingtomanymarinebiologists,tomaskthenormalsoundsofoceanlifegoingaboutitsbusiness.Atitsmostintense,someevensaynoisecauseswhalestobecomedisoriented,dolphinstosufferfrom‘thebends’,fishtogodeaf,leavetheirbreedinggroundsorfailtoformgroups—enoughtodisorganizethebasicbiologyof twothirdsoftheplanet.“Underseanoisepollutionislikethedeathofathousandcuts”,saysSylviaEarie,chiefscientistoftheU.S.NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.“Eachsoundinitselfmaynotbeamatterofcriticalconcern,buttakenalltogether,thenoisefromshipping,earthquake-relatedsurveys,andmilitaryactivityiscreatingatotallydifferentenvironmentthanexistedeven50yearsago.Thathighlevelofnoiseisboundtohaveahard,sweepingimpactonlifeinthesea._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Oceansareneversilentasmarinecreaturesmostlyproducevarioussoundstogoabouttheirbusinesses.Nowoceansaregettingevennoisierashumansdomoreactivitiesthere.Theresultingnoiseisloudenoughtochangetheenvironmentandexerciseadisturbingimpactonmarinelife.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋里不平静的原因是生物会发出各种声音去进行它们自己的事情，随着人类在海洋中的活动越来越多，海洋也变得越来越嘈杂，由此产生的噪音污染对生物产生了不良的影响。【详解】1.要点摘录①Marineanimalscanproducevariousnoises,makingtheoceannoisy.②Therearevariousnoisesmadebyhumanbehaviors.③Underseanoisepollutioncauseadisturbingimpactonmarinelife.2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Theoceansaresonoisythattheyarefarfromthe‘silentdeep’.Mostseacreatures,fromwhalesanddolphinstofish,sharksandshrimps,notonlyrespondtosound,butalsocanproduceit.Thathighlevelofnoiseisboundtohaveahard,sweepinginfluenceonmarineanimals. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：Scientistssaythatbackgroundnoiseintheoceanhasincreasedroughlyby15decibels(分贝)inthepast50years.运用了一个复杂的主从复合句作为事实佐证了第二段的论点。其中that引导的宾语从句表达高级。[高分句型2]：Marineanimalsclickbones,grindteethandbelchgases(磨牙打嗝);usespecialorganstomakevariousnoises.运用了并列的动词短语是对第一段的论点进行的举例说明。其中并列短语和不定式做目的状语的运用表达高级。V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.52.如果你不是真的对这个比赛感兴趣，何必费口舌打听呢？（bother）（汉译英）【答案】Whybotheraskingifyouarenotreallyinterestedinthematch?/Whybothertoaskifyouarenotreallyinterestedinthematch?【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配、条件状语从句。表示“费心做某事”可用固定搭配botherdoing(已做)，或bothertodo(未做)；表示“打听”可用ask；表示“如果你不是真的对这个比赛感兴趣”可用ifyouarenotreallyinterestedinthematch；句首单词首字母用大写；故填Whybotheraskingifyouarenotreallyinterestedinthematch?或Whybothertoaskifyouarenotreallyinterestedinthematch?53.尤其令人担心的是现如今如何保护方言成了老大难问题。(too…to)(汉译英)【答案】Itisparticularlyworryingthatnowadayshowtopreservethedialecthasbecomeaproblemtoodifficulttosolve.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型、副词、动词。表示“尤其令人担心的是”用固定句型itisparticularlyworryingthat+从句；表示“现如今”用nowadays；表示“如何保护方言”用howtopreservethedialect；表示“变成了老大难问题”用hasbecomeaproblemtoodifficulttosolve，其中too…to是固定句型，译为“太……而不能……”，本处用现在完成时，强调现在的结果；句首单词首字母用大写；故填Itisparticularlyworryingthatnowadayshowtopreservethedialecthasbecomeaproblemtoodifficulttosolve.54.这支五人登山队被困野外时间越久，生还希望就越是渺茫。(survival)(汉译英)【答案】Thelongerthemountaineeringteamoffivemembersgotstuckinthewild,thelesshopeof survivaltherewouldbe.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型、名词。表示“……时间越久，……的希望越渺茫”用thelonger…thelesshopeof…；表示“这支五人登山队”用themountaineeringteamoffivemembers；表示“困住”用getstuck；表示“在野外”用inthewild；此事已发生，故getstuck用过去式；表示“生还”用survival，作介词of的宾语；表示“生还希望就越是渺茫”用thelesshopeofsurvivaltherewouldbe，此处用过去将来时；句首单词首字母用大写；故翻译为Thelongerthemountaineeringteamoffivemembersgotstuckinthewild,thelesshopeofsurvivaltherewouldbe.55.漫步在这古典园林中，四处可见各式木门，它们图纹各异，形式活泼，别具特色。(hang)(汉译英)【答案】Whenyouarehangingaroundtheclassicalgarden,avarietyofwoodendoorsareseeneverywhere,whicharedifferentinpattern,livelyinformanduniqueinstyle./Whenyouarehangingabouttheclassicalgarden,avarietyofwoodendoorsareseeneverywhere,whicharedifferentinpattern,livelyinformanduniqueinstyle.【解析】【详解】考查时间状语从句、定语从句、固定短语。表示“漫步在……中（时）”用whenyouarehangingaround/about…；表示“古典园林”用theclassicalgarden；表示“四处可见各式木门”用avarietyofwoodendoorsareseeneverywhere；本处用which引导非限定性定语从句来表示“它们图纹各异，形式活泼，别具特色”，即“whicharedifferentinpattern,livelyinformanduniqueinstyle.”，其中which指物，在从句中作主语；句首单词首字母用大写；故填Whenyouarehangingaroundtheclassicalgarden,avarietyofwoodendoorsareseeneverywhere,whicharedifferentinpattern,livelyinformanduniqueinstyle.或Whenyouarehangingabouttheclassicalgarden,avarietyofwoodendoorsareseeneverywhere,whicharedifferentinpattern,livelyinformanduniqueinstyle.VI.GuidedWriting56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.明启中学拟举办一次摄影展。现就布展方式（校图书馆或校园网站）征集学生意见。假设你是王磊，请给学生会写一封邮件表达你的想法。你的邮件必须满足以下要求：1.简述你写邮件的目的及你对布展方式的选择； 2.说明你的理由（从体验感、互动性或影响力等方面对这两种布展方式进行对比）。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Towhomitmayconcern:I’velearnedthataphotographyexhibitionistobeheldandthatyou’recollectingadviceonthewayofarrangement.I’mwritingthislettertosharemyopinionswithyou.Inmyopinion,itismoreadvisabletoholdthephotographyexhibitioninschoollibrarythanoncampuswebsite.Myreasonsareasfollows.Atfirst,thelibraryofourschoolisspacious,whichprovidesvisitorswithacomfortableenvironmentforappreciatingtheexhibition,sotheywillhaveaniceexperience.Besides,watchingtheexhibitionatschoollibraryismoreconvenientforvisitorstointeractwithothers.Lastbutnotleast,aphotographyexhibitionheldoncampuswebsitehasfarlessimpactthanthatheldinschoollibrary,becausepeoplemayassumethatholdingaphotographyexhibitiononwebsiteisjustlikeavirtualactivity.Therefore,Isuggesttheexhibitionbeheldinschoollibrary.Yours,WangLei【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。明启中学拟举办一次摄影展，现就布展方式征集学生意见，要求考生给学生会写一封邮件表达自己的想法，内容要点包括：1.简述你写邮件的目的及你对布展方式的选择；2.说明你的理由（从体验感、互动性或影响力等方面对这两种布展方式进行对比）。【详解】1.词汇积累：建议：advice→suggestions在我看来：Inmyopinion→AsfarasIamconcerned宽敞的：spacious→capacious 此外：Besides→What’smore2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Inmyopinion,itismoreadvisabletoholdthephotographyexhibitioninschoollibrarythanoncampuswebsite.拓展句：Iholdthebeliefthatitismoreadvisabletoholdthephotographyexhibitioninschoollibrarythanoncampuswebsite.【点睛】【高分句型1】I’velearnedthataphotographyexhibitionistobeheldandthatyou’recollectingadviceonthewayofarrangement.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)【高分句型2】Atfirst,thelibraryofourschoolisspacious,whichprovidesvisitorswithacomfortableenvironmentforappreciatingtheexhibition,sotheywillhaveaniceexperience.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)听力答案：1-10CBCDDBADCB11-20CADCCBCBBC