广东省2022年上学期仲元中学中山一中等七校联合体高三英语第一次联考试题

广东省2022年上学期仲元中学中山一中等七校联合体高三英语第一次联考试题本试卷共6页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。说明：1.请注意在对应的题号上填涂答题卡，误涂或错涂不得分；2.请注意在对应的答题卷上作答，误填或错填不得分。第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AIt’ssurprisinghowmuchsimplemovementsofthebodycanaffectthewaywethink.Usingexpansivegestureswithopenarmsmakesusfeelmorepowerful,crossingyourarmsmakesyoumoredeterminedandlyingdowncanbringmoreinsights(领悟).Soifmovingthebodycanhavetheseeffects,whatabouttheclotheswewear?We’reallwellawareofhowdressingupindifferentwayscanmakeusfeelmoreattractive,sportyorprofessional,dependingontheclotheswewear,butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitive(认知的)performanceorisitjustafeeling?AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeople’spowersofattention.Theideaisthatwhitecoatsareassociatedwithscientists,whoareinturnthoughttohavecloseattentiontodetail.Whattheyfoundwasthatpeoplewearingwhitecoatsperformedbetterthanthosewho12/12\nweren’t.Indeed,theymadeonlyhalfasmanyerrorsasthosewearingtheirownclothesontheStroopTest(onewayofmeasuringattention).Theresearcherscalltheeffect“enclothedcognition,”suggestingthatallmannerofdifferentclothesprobablyaffectourcognitioninmanydifferentways.Thisopensthewayforallsortsofclothes-basedexperiments.Isthewriterwhowearsafedoramorecreative?Isthepsychologistwearinglittleroundglassesandsmokingacigarmoreinsightful?Doesachef’shatmaketheresultantfoodtastebetter?FromnowonIwillonlybeeditingarticlesforPsyBlogwhilewearingawhitecoattohelpkeepthetypingerrorcountlow.HopefullyyouwillbedoingyourpartbyreadingPsyBloginacapandgown(学位服).1.AdamandGalinsky’sexperimenttestedtheeffectofclothesontheirwearers’___________.A.insightsB.attentionC.movementsD.appearance2.Howdoestheauthorsoundinthelastparagraph?A.Humorous.B.Academic.C.Formal.D.Hopeful.3.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Bodymovementschangethewaypeoplethink.B.Howpeopledresshasaninfluenceontheirfeelings.C.Peopledoingdifferentjobsshouldweardifferentclothes.D.Whatpeoplewearcanaffecttheircognitiveperformance.BMymotheralwayssaid,"Youyoungmenshouldexploreyourowncountrybeforestepping12/12\noutintotheworld."Itseemedlikeatoughtask.Butluckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechancetoridethetrainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJulyin2022.Ijumpedattheopportunityandsecuredaninexpensiveticket.ExcitementwasatitspeakasIapproachedthetrainstationonthemorningwhenmy22-dayadventurewastobegin.Ijumpedonboardthepassengervessel(车厢)likeitwasthetraintoHogwartsinHarryPotter.Thetrainheadedwestinsearchofourfirstdestination—thescenictownofBanff,Alberta.Afterjustanhouronthetrain,desperationalreadycameonme.Thethoughtofthreefulldaysonthosetracksbrokemyspirits.AsIgazedouttowardsLakeSuperior'sglistening(闪闪发亮)waves,IdecidedifIwastobestuckinhere,Iwouldneedtoenjoymytime.Thosethreedaysturnedintoasummercamponrails.Realfriendshipswiththecrewwerebornwithinthattrain.Stopsweremadeinsmall,remoterailroadvillages.Alargegroupofstrangersturnedtravellingcompanionswouldrushtowardsthevillagestorewardourendlesspatiencewithlocalcuisine.Atnight,wewouldwalktotheglass-domed(玻璃穹顶)traincar,whichgaveascenicviewofthenightsky,untouchedbylightpollution.Afterthreedays,wearrivedinBanff.BeforemyadventureoftakingthetrainacrossCanada,ifIcouldhaveskippedthetravelandarrivedatthedestination,Iwouldhave.Butthatisnolongertrue.I'velearnedthatthejourneycanbemoreenjoyablethanthedestination.4.Whatmadetheauthor'straintrippossible?A.Theattractionofthesplendidscenery.B.Atime-limitedticketofferforyouths.C.Theencouragementfromhismother.D.Hisdeterminationtofacethetoughtasks.12/12\n5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthorasayoungman?A.Considerate.B.Determined.C.Smart.D.Adaptable.6.Whathastheauthorlearnedfromhisadventure?A.Toenjoytravellingonhisown.B.Toskiptothefinaldestination.C.Toexploremoreintheprocess.D.Tobecontentwithtrainservice.CLifeexpectancyintheUnitedStateshasbeenindeclineforthefirsttimeindecades,andpublichealthofficialshaveidentifiedaseriesofpotentialcauses,includinginaccessiblehealthcare,risingdrugaddictionandratesofmentalhealthdisorders,andsocio-economicfactors.Now,astudyledbytheYaleSchoolofMedicinehasattemptedtofindouttherelativeimpactoftwofactorsmostoftenlinkedtolifeexpectancy–raceandeducation–bylookingatdataabout5,114blackandwhiteparticipantsinfourU.S.cities.Thelivesanddeathsamongthisgroupofpeople–whotookpartinthestudyapproximately30yearsagowhentheywereintheirearly20s–showthatthelevelofeducation,andnotrace,isthebestpredictorofwhowilllivethelongest.Amongthe5,114peoplefollowedinthestudy,395haddied.Thesedeathswereoccurringinworking-agepeople,oftenwithchildren,beforetheageof60.Theratesofdeathamongparticipantsinthisgroupdidclearlyshowracialdifferences,withapproximately9%ofblacksdyingatanearlyagecomparedto6%ofwhites.Therewerealsodifferencesincausesofdeathbyrace.Forinstance,blackmenweresignificantlymorelikelytodieofmurderandwhitemenfromAIDS.Themostcommoncausesofdeathacrossallgroupsovertimewere12/12\ncardiovasculardiseaseandcancer.Buttherewerealsoobviousdifferencesinratesofdeathbyeducationlevel.Approximately13%ofparticipantswithahighschooldegreeorlesseducationdiedcomparedwithonlyapproximately5%ofcollegegraduates.Strikingly,whenlookingatraceandeducationatthesametime,theresearchersfoundthatdifferencesrelatedtoracealmostdisappeared:13.5%ofblacksubjectsand13.2%ofwhitesubjectswithahighschooldegreeorlessdiedduringthecourseofthestudy.Bycontrast,5.9%ofblacksubjectsand4.3%ofwhiteswithcollegedegreeshaddied.Therefore,improvingoverallqualityofeducationissomethingtangiblethatcanhelpreverse(扭转)thistroublingtrendinreductionoflifeexpectancyamongmiddle-agedadults.7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparticipantsinthestudy?A.Thewhitesaremoreaggressive.B.Thewhitesgothighereducation.C.Moreblacksthanwhitesdiedyoung.D.Morewhitesthanblacksdiedofcancer.8.Comparedwitheducation,theinfluenceofraceondeathratesis______.A.unnoticeableB.growingC.long-lastingD.significant9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tangible”probablymean?A.Temporary.B.Realistic.C.Challenging.D.Creative.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresearchfindings？A.Peoplecangetsmartthroughlearning.12/12\nA.Oneshouldnotdiscriminateotherraces.B.Onecanlivelongerbygettingmoreeducation.C.Peopledon’tenjoyequalrightsforeducation.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Muchoftheworkintoday'sworldisaccomplished(完成)inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.11Companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?12Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.Theresultsaremixed.Forfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalents:abovethatleveltheteam'sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseballwhereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate(协调)theiractions.13Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris,forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,"ThereisnoIinTEAM."14.12/12\nAnotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war(拔河),wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.15AnA-teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.A.It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.B.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.C.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.D.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention.E.Sportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalent.F.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.G.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。Itwaslate,about10:15p.m.,whenJaniceEspositoarrivedattheBellporttrainstation;shejumpedintoherHondaOdysseyandbeganthe20-minutedrivehometoherhusbandandseven-year-oldson.She’djustreturnedfromvisitinghermotherandhadtraveledtheroutemanytimesbefore.Shepractically16onautopilot:aleftontoStationRoad,thenaleftonMontaukHighway,andthen—wham!OutofnowhereacarT-bonedEsposito’sminivan(小型货车),17hertomovebackwardsome100feetontotherailroadtracks.She1812/12\nintheminivan,bruised(撞伤)butmostlyjustknockedoutbythe19andtheairbags.Asithappened,PeteDiPintowasgettingreadyfor20.He’djustclosedhisbookandwasgettingunderthecoverswhenheheardthesoundofmetalonmetalandbreakingglasscomingfromnotfaroutsidehisbedroomwindow.Avolunteer21andretiredteacher,DiPinto,64,never22tothink.Hegrabbedaflashlightand,stilldressedinhispajamas(睡衣),ranoutthedoor.“AnyfirefighterwouldhavedonewhatIdid,”hetoldNewsday.“We’realwayson23.”Thefirstcarhecameupon,2,000feetfromhisfrontyard,wastheonethathad24Esposito.OnceDiPintoconcludedthedriverwasOK,helookedaroundand25Esposito’sminivanpositionedonthetherailroadtracks.Andthenheheardaterriblesound:thebellssignalinganoncoming26.“Thegateswerestartingtocomedown,”hetoldNewsday.“Iseetheheadlightofthetrain.”DiPintoranquicklytoEsposito’sminivanandknockedonthedriver’ssidewindow.She27lookedathim,hereyesunfocused.“Idon’tknowwhereIam,”shesaid.Sheseemedunhurt.“Honey,you’reontherailroad28,”DiPintoshouted.“Wehavetogetyouoffrightnow!”Hepulledhardonthe29,butthedoorwascrashedinand30.Theheavydieseltrain,travelingat65milesperhour,wasmovingfasttowardthem.DiPintorantothepassengersideandthrewopenthe31.“Please,don’tletherbe32,”hethought.Hepushedasidethedeflating(瘪了的)airbags,grabbedEsposito’sarms,and33hertowardhimacrossthepassengerseatuntilhecouldhelpheroutandquicklygetherto34behindasignalboxafewfeetaway.Withinsixseconds,heestimated,thetraincrashedintotheminivan.“ItwaslikeaHollywoodmovie,”DiPintotoldreportersthenextday.Butthisonehadatwist.“Lastnight,”SouthCountryAmbulancechiefGregMiglinotoldCBSNewYork,“the35arrivedinpajamas,notinafiretruck.”12/12\n16.A.walkedB.droveC.rodeD.hiked17.A.allowingB.orderingC.forcingD.reminding18.A.satB.stoodC.hidD.waited19.A.actionB.noiseC.bombD.impact20.A.classB.bedC.dinnerD.work21.A.firefighterB.driverC.doctorD.engineer22.A.wantedB.troubledC.intendedD.stopped23.A.scheduleB.timeC.targetD.duty24.A.warnedB.hitC.caughtD.followed25.A.assumedB.suspectedC.spottedD.predicted26.A.carB.truckC.trainD.ambulance27.A.justB.yetC.stillD.even28.A.yardsB.stationsC.tracksD.bridges29.A.beltB.handleC.bellD.key12/12\n30.A.jammedB.unlockedC.openD.gone31.A.bagB.boxC.bookD.door32.A.scaredB.ignoredC.trappedD.defeated33.A.carriedB.rushedC.guidedD.pulled34.A.returnB.safetyC.workD.life35.A.heroB.actorC.reporterD.police第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。ThePalaceMuseum,alsoknownastheForbiddenCity,isamuch-visitedandmuch-photographedtourist36(attract).ThisChinesepalacewithahistoryofabout600years37(receive)millionsofvisitseveryyearandlotsofTVprogramshaveshowntheplaceinrecentyears.However,itstillhassecrets,andanewprogram38(design)toexplorethoseunknownareasandthestorieswithinissettoshowthepalaceinanewlight.Thevarietyshow,ShangXinLeGuGong,broadcastitsfirstepisode(一集)onBeijingTVandonlinestreamingmediasite,iQiyi.com,onNovember9.Thatfirstepisodewonwideacceptancefromaudiencesand39(think)highlyofonDouban.com."Itbringsmany12/12\nelements(元素)together,andeverythingintheshowis40(perfect)matchedandturnsoutamazing,"said41onlineuser."ItbringsmethethrillIfeltwhenIsteppedintothePalaceMuseumforthefirsttime.”Ineachone-hour-longepisode,theactorsandactressesswitchbetweenplayingguidesandhistorical42(figure)likeemperorsandroyalfamilymembersoftheQingDynasty(1644—1911).Theyfocusonareaswhicharestillnotaccessible43thepublicandthestories44(surround)them.Intheshow,theactorsandactressesarealsojoinedbydesigners45willcreateproductsbasedonwhattheysee.Themostpopularones,basedonanonlinevote,aretobeturnedintosouvenirsforsale.第三部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节应用文写作（满分20分）假定你是学生会主席李华，你校的交换生Bob已学习中国象棋长达一年，特发邮件向你询问将由学生会举办的中国象棋大赛的情况。请你回复邮件，内容包括：1．举办比赛的目的；2．比赛的时间和地点；3．建议他报名参加并说明理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：中国象棋大赛ChineseChessContest第二节概要写作（满分20分）12/12\n阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Haagen-Dazs(哈根达斯雪糕)fromEuropestartedin1989andis5-10timesmoreexpensivethanregularicecream.Thereisnorealadvantage.However,itadoptedauniquemarketingstrategy,andquicklyoccupiedthemarketasatopicecreambrand.Haagen-Dazsdidnotsetupshopsinordinarysupermarketsorgrocerystores.Haggen-Dazsleisurefashionshopsarelocatedinbusysectionsofmalls.Thelayoutiscarefullyplannedtocreateanelegantatmosphere,andsometimes,aflagship(旗舰)storewillcostseveralmilliondollars.Comparedtoothericecreambrands,Haagen-Dazsconsumersaretightlygrouped.ItisunderstoodthatHaagen-Dazsseldomdoestelevisionadvertising.Themajorityofadshavethehighlyvisualimpactoftheprintmedium.Inparticularmanyadvertisementslookforthosepyramidtipconsumers.Moreover,aslongastheconsumerwhospends500Yuantofillinasmallformcanbecometheirmembers,thesememberswillberegularlysentadvertisementsbydirectmail.PraiseofcustomersisapowerfulweaponforHaagenDazs.Thereisalwaysmuchcreativeingenuity(独出心裁)inHaagen-Dazsadvertising,soitisrememberedbythepublic.Initialadvertisementssuchas:“DeliciousHaagen-Dazs,like24Kgold,KobebeeffromJapan,originalpalmoil,mushroomtrufflesandChineseceramics…”and“Loveher,lethereatHaagen-Dazs.”attractednumerousHaagen-Dazsloverswhobecameregulars.Today,HaggenDazshasabout700storesin55countrieswithannualsalesofmorethan1billionUSdollars.Haagen-Dazshasbecometheworld’smostpopularicecreambrand.IntheUnitedStates,itsmarketshareis6.1%,1%inFrance,4.6%inJapan,4%inSingapore,and5%inHongKong.Determinedtowinthemajorityofwealthycustomers,theycombinedpositioninginthemarketplacewithdedicatedbrandgoals.Thisistherealsecretofsuccess.12/12