河南省2022年上学期天一大联考 “顶尖计划”高三毕业班英语第一次联考试题

河南省2022年上学期天一大联考“顶尖计划”高三毕业班英语第一次联考试题考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AFromhelpingrescuedanimalsfindpermanenthomestoprovidingcareforchimpanzees(黑猩猩)thathavefoundshelter,there’salwaysavolunteeringsiteforeveryanimallover.Herearesomeamazingopportunities.SeattleHumaneSocietySeattleHumaneSocietyhasbeenhelpinganimalssince1897.In2022,itadoptedoutarecordof6,297pets.Itprovidesawiderangeofprograms,includingdogtraining,apetfoodbankandvolunteeropportunitiesforanimallovers.Asix-monthcommitmentisrequired,andallvolunteersmustheatleast18yearsold.ChimpanzeeShelterNorthwestChimpanzeeShelterNorthwestwasfoundedin2022asashelterforchimpanzees.Itliesinthefoothills13/13\noftheCascadeMountains,90mileseastofSeattle.Volunteershaveauniqueopportunitytoseewhatittakestorunashelter.Ithasthreelevelsofvolunteers;LevelIvolunteershelpwithmealpreparation;LevelIIvolunteershelpthestaffcleantheshelter;levelIIIvolunteersaretrainedtointeractdirectlywiththechimpanzees.HopeForHorsesHopeForHorseshasanall-volunteerteamthathashelpedhundredsofseverelyabusedhorsessince2022.It'salsorescuedavarietyofotheranimalsovertheyears,includingdonkeys,chickens,geeseandagoat.Volunteersprovidehands-oncareforhorsesandotheranimals,includingmedicalresearch,sitevisitsandassistancewithadoption.Allvolunteersmustbe18yearsold.PurrfectPalsPurrfectPals,whichwasfoundedin1988,isthePacificNorthwest'slargestcat-onlyadoptionshelterandorganization.Andit'soneofthelargestcat-onlysheltersinNorthAmericauswell.Itfindshomeforover2,000catseachyear.Itasksforafive-monthcommitmentandvolunteersmusthe18orolder.21.What’sthetextintendedtointroduce?A.Benefitsofbeinganimallovers.B.Permanenthomesforrescuedanimals.C.Volunteeropportunitiesforanimallovers.D.Commitmentsofvolunteersatanimalshelters.22.Whichofthefollowinghasthelongesthistory?A.SeattleHumaneSociety.B.ChimpanzeeShelterNorthwest.C.HopeForHorses.D.PurrfectPals.23.InwhatwayisChimpanzeeShelterNorthwestdifferentfromtheotherthree?13/13\nA.ItlieswithinthecityofSeattle.B.Itsetsnoagelimitforvolunteers.C.Itiscompletelyrunbyvolunteers.D.Itisashelterforonlyonekindofanimals.BEmilyEganwasbornandraisedinEssex,UnitedKingdomandspeaksnoforeignlanguage,buthearingherspeak,youcouldswearshe'saRussianimmigrant(移民)oratourist,becauseofherEasternEuropeanaccent.ButthefunnythingisthatshesometimessoundsFrench,ItalianorevenPolish,dependingonhowtiredsheis.31-year-oldEmily'slifechangedgreatlyinJanuary,whenamysteriousconditionleftherunabletospeakfortwomonths.She’dhadheadachesfortwoweeksbeforeonedaydevelopingadeepervoicesuddenly.Hercolleaguesatachildren'shomethennoticedherspeechhadbecomeslowandunclear,bothsignsofastroke(中风).Bythetimeshewasrushedtothehospital,Emilyhadlostherabilitytospeakcompletely,butafterrunningsometests,doctorsruledoutthestroke,insteadblaminghervoicelossonsomesortofinjurytoherbrain.Afterspendingthreeweeksinthehospital,EmilyEganwasstillunabletospeakandreliedonlyonbasicsignlanguageshe’dpickedupatworkandatext-to-speechapponherphonetocommunicate.AdoctorencouragedhertogoonavacationinThailandsheandherhusbandhadalreadybooked,andtotryandrelaxasmuchaspossible.Shedidjustthatandafewdaysintothevacation,shestartedtospeakagain."IwassothrilledwhenmyvoicestartedcomingbackbutnowIdon’tevendiscernthevoicethatcomesoutofmymouth.Itdoesn'tsoundlikeme,"Egansaid.Eversincehervoicecameback,she'stakentimeoffworkbecausestressonlymakesherconditionworse.WhathashappenedtoEmilysoundsshockinglysimilartothatofMichelleMyers,anArizonawomanwhonevertraveledoutsideofAmerica,butwokeuptospeakingwithmanyaccents-British,IrishandAustralian-afterexperiencingsevereheadaches.24.WhyisEmilyEganconsideredaRussianimmigrant?13/13\nA.SheresemblesaRussianverymuch.B.ShespeaksRussianlikeanativespeaker.C.ShespeaksEnglishwithaRussianaccent.D.ShecanfreelyswitchbetweenEnglishandRussian.25.WhatresultedinEmily’sinabilitytospeak?A.Braininjury.B.Asuddenstroke.C.Long-termtiredness.D.Seriousheadaches.26.Theunderlinedword"discern"inparagraph4mostprobablymeans"".A.controlB.ignoreC.transformD.recognize27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutEmilyfromthetext?A.Shehasalreadyreturnedtowork.B.Hercaseisn'taloneintheworld.C.Shelearnedsignlanguageafterhervoiceloss.D.Hervoicereturnedafterthreeweeks'treatment.CArelativeofstarfishdoesn'thaveeyes,butcansillsee.ThatinformationcomesfromscientistswhostudiedseacreaturesinthecoralreefsoftheCaribbeanandGulfofMexico.Theresearchersreportedthismonththatthestarfish’srelative-calledtheredbrittlestar-isonlythesecondcreatureknowntobeabletoseewithouthavingeyes.Thisabilityiscallextraocularvision(眼外视觉).Theothercreaturesaidtohaveextraocularvisionisakindofseaurchin.13/13\nBrittlestars,withfivearmsextendingfromacentraldisk,arepartofagroupofsealifecalledechinoderms.Theyhaveanervoussystembutnobrain.Theredbrittlestarmeasuresuptoabout35centimeterswide,fromtheendofonearmtotheother.Itlivesinbrightandcomplexenvironments.Becauseofthepossibilityofbeingeatenbyfish,thecreaturehidesduringdaylighthours.Theredbrittlesstarpossessesextraocularvisionasaresultoflight-sensingcells,calledphotoreceptors.Thesephotoreceptorscoveritsbodyandchromatophores,thecellsresponsibleforcoloring.Duringthedaytime,thechromatophoresnarrowthefieldoflightbeingdetected,makingeachphotoreceptorslikethepixel(像素)ofacomputerimage.Whencombinedwithotherpixels,theimagebecomescomplete.Thevisualsystemdoesn'tworkatnight.Laboratoryexperimentssuggestedthatthebrittlestarshaveverysimplevision.Placedinacircularenvironment,forexample,theymovedtowardwallsthatwerewhitewithablackbar,suggestiveofaldaytimehidingplace.LaurenSumner-RooneyisaresearchfellowattheOxfordUniversityMuseumofNaturalHistory.Sheledthestudy.Shesaid,"It'ssuchadifferentconceptforus,asveryvisuallydrivenanimals,toimaginehowananimalmightseeitshabitatwithouteyes,butnowweknowoftwoexamples."28.What'sresearchers'newfindingabouttheredbrittlestar?A.Itisarelativeofstarfish.B.Itlivesinthecoralreefs.C.Ithasaveryrareability.D.Itisaseacreature.29.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph3?A.Togive:reasonswhythebrittlestarhasnobrain.B.Tomakeageneralintroductionofthebrittlestar.C.Tostresstherolethebrittlestarplaysinthesea.D.Toexplainwhythebrittlestarkeepsauniquelifestyle.13/13\n30.Accordingtothetext,photoreceptors.A.spreadonthesurfaceoftheredbrittlestarB.functionnormallyeveninthenighttimeC.controlthefieldoflightbeingdetectedD.serveascellsresponsibleforcoloring31.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowSeaCreatureFindsItsHabitatUnderwaterB.HowSeaCreature'sVisualSystemWorksC.SeaCreatureFindsNewHabitatD.SeaCreatureSeesWithoutEyesDAresearchteamledbyUCLAmaterialsscientistshasshownwaystomakesuperwhitepaintthatreflectsasmuchas98%ofincomingheatfromthesun.Theadvanceshowspracticalpathwaysfordesigningpaintsthat,ifusedonrooftopsandotherpartsofabuilding,couldgreatlyreducecoolingcosts,beyondwhatstandardwhitecool-roofpaintscanachieve."WhenyouwearawhiteT-shirtonahotsunnyday,youfeelcoolerthanifyouwearonethat'sdarkerincolor-that'sbecausethewhiteshirtreflectsmoresunlightandit’sthesameconceptforbuildings,"saidAaswathRaman,aresearcherofthestudy."Aroofpaintedwhitewillbecoolerinsidethanoneinadarkershadebyrejectingheatatinfrared(红外线的)wavelengths,whichwehumanscannotseewithoureyes.Thissuperwhitepaintcouldallowbuildingstocooldownevenmorebyradiative(辐射的)cooling."Thebestperformingwhitepaintsnowavailabletypicallyreflectaround85%ofincomingsunheat.Theremainderisabsorbedbythechemicalmakeupofthepaint.Theresearchersshowedthatsimplechangesinapaint'singredientscouldofferabigjump,reflectingasmuchas98%ofincomingradiation.Thepotentialcoolingbenefitsthissuperwhitepaintcanachievemayberealizedinthenearfuturebecausethechangessuggestedarewithintheabilitiesofthepaintandcoatingsindustry.Manycitiesandgovernments,includingthestaleofCaliforniaandNewYorkCity,havestartedtoencouragecool-rooftechnologiesfornewbuildings."Wehopethattheworkwillinspirefuturecreativityin13/13\nsuper-whitecoatingsfornotonlyenergysavingsinbuildings,butalsolesseningtheheatislandeffectsofcities,andperhapsevenshowingapracticalwaythat,ifappliedglobally,couldaffectclimatechange,"saidRaman,whohasstudiedcoolingpainttechnologiesforseveralyears,"Thiswouldrequireexpertsindiversefieldstoworktogether."32.What’sthefunctionofthesuperwhitepaint?A.Reflectingallthesunheat.B.Loweringbuildingcosts.C.Keepingbuildingscool.D.Absorbingheatquickly.33.HowdoesAaswathRamanexplaintheworkingprincipleofthepaint?A.Bytellingastory.B.Bylistingscientificdata.C.Byconductinga11experiment.D.Bymakingasimilarcomparison.34.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesuperwhitepaintfromthetext?A.Itiscompletelychemicalfree.B.Itisstillunavailableinthemarket.C.Itsingredientsstillneedimproving.D.Iseffectshavebeengreatlyimproved.35.WhatdoRaman’swordsinthelastparagraphimplyaboutthework?A.Hehashighexpectationsofit.B.Heurgesgreaterattentiontoit.C.Hebelievesitcanstopclimatechange.D.Hethinksit'seasytocarryoutworldwide.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Agoodteachercanmakeaworldofdifferenceinastudent’slife,influencingeverythingfromtheirclassroomlearningtotheirlong-termsuccess.36Herearesomeofthequalitiesthatgoodteachers13/13\nhaveincommon.37Whenitcomestoeffectiveleaching,strongcommunicationskillsareamust.Bycommunicatingwithstudentsatthebeginningoftheyear,ateachercanhelpstudentsbeabletoapproachthesubjectinamoreenjoyablewaythatbettersupportstheirlearning.Goodteacherslistenwell.Teachersthatareskilledinlisteningandobservingoftenpickuponwhatisn'tbeingsaid,suchasanyanxietyastudentmayhave,andcanthenhelpthestudentbuildtheirskillsandconfidencelevels.Effectivelisteningskillsalsohelpateacherbetterunderstandtheirstudents.38Goodteachersareadaptable.39Andtheymustadjusttheirteachingmethodsbasedontheageoftheirstudents,theresourcesavailableandchangingcurriculumandpractices.Goodteachersarelifelonglearners.Continuingtoexpandyourownknowledgeiskeytoexpandingthatofyourstudents.Goodteachersaredevotedtotheirsubjectswithagreatdesireforlearning.40It’simportantforteacherstoneverfeelasthoughthey'velearneditall,andtoremainopentonewexperiences.A.Sowhatmakesagoodteacher?B.Goodteachersknowtheirlearners.C.Goodteachersarestrongcommunicators.D.Theyalsoneedtohaveudesiretopassonthatknowledge.E.Thestudentscancreateagreatlearningenvironmentnomatterwhatcomes.F.Goodteachersneedbeabletoworkinaconstantlychangingenvironment.G.Thiswillopenadoorforthestudentstoreceiveandlearnthecoursebeingtaught.第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)13/13\n阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Iwasonjury(陪审团)dutyindowntownPittsburghanddecidedtotakeawalkduringourone-hourlunchbreak.AsIwaswalking,Inoticedanelderlyladyholdingupa(n)41,whichsaid:"Willworkfor$,tryingtogethome."I42puttingseveraldollarsinherbox,butallIhadwasatwenty-dollarbillI43touseforgroceriesonmywayhome.44,Ididn'twanttopartwithit.SoIstartedtowalkaway,buteventuallyI45.Istarteda46withher.HernamewasKatie,andshewas47.She'dbeenadishwasher,butlostherjoband48onthestreet.ShewantedtogotoColoradoSpringswhereshehadrelatives.Shewasn'thavingmuch49withhersignanddonations.Ireallywantedto50her,butIhadonlyaboutforty-fiveminutestoreturntothecourtroom.ThenImadeupmymind.ItoldherI'd51hertotheGreyhoundstation,eventhoughitwasafifteen-minutewalk.Ilookedagaininmy52,andthetwenty-dollarbillstaredatme.ThenInoticedanoldcreditcardIhadn't53foroverayear.Ididn'tthinkitwouldwork.ButIdecidedtogiveita(n)54whenwepassedanATM。Tomygreat55,themoneycameout.OnreachingtheGreyhoundstation,IboughtKatiea56andgavehertherestofthemoneyforfood.Shewasso57thatshehuggedmetightlybeforeIwavedgoodbye.Iranbacktothecourtroomandfeltgreat58thatImadeitjustintime.Whatmadememore59wasthattherestofthedaywentsmoothly.Justasasayinggoes,"Helpingothersis60helpingourselves".41.A.letterB.signC.articleD.invitation42.A.gaveupB.setaboutC.insistedonD.thoughtof43.A.intendedB.offeredC.promisedD.remembered13/13\n44.A.StrangelyB.UnwillinglyC.SelfishlyD.Ridiculously45.A.keptonB.turnedhackC.lookedupD.gotthrough46.A.conversationB.discussionC.negotiationD.compromise47.A.hopelessB.fearlessC.speechlessD.homeless48.A.felloverB.brokedownC.endedupD.settleddown49.A.luckB.patienceC.courageD.experience50.A.saveB.helpC.believe.D.please51.A.attractB.driveC.recommendD.accompany52.A.carB.walletC.suitcaseD.parcel53.A.seenB.chargedC.usedD.repaid54.A.tryB.nameC.honorD.award55.A.prideB.creditC.puzzleD.surprise56.A.ticketB.lunchC.souvenirD.drink57.A.generousB.friendlyC.gratefulD.outgoing58.A.dutyB.reliefC.challengeD.reward59.A.energeticB.optimisticC.touchedD.delighted60.A.properlyB.personallyC.actuallyD.especially第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。13/13\nHomeschoolingisamovementaroundthecountryandtheworld,inwhichparentseducatetheirchildrenathomeinsteadofsendingthemtoa61(tradition)publicorprivateschool.Familieschoosetohomeschoolforvariousreasons,includingthebelief62childrenarenotprogressingwithintheschoolstructure.Thehomeschoolingmovement63(begin)growinginthe1970s,whensomepopularauthorsandresearchersstartedwritingabouteducationalreforms.Theysuggestedhomeschooling64analternativeeducationaloption.It65(report)thattherearenowmorethan2millionchildrenbeinghomeschooledintheU.S.,withthepercentagebecoming66(high)eachyear.Homeschoolingislegalinall50statesandinmanyforeigncountries.Legal67(require)forhomeschoolingintheU.S.varyfromplacetoplace.68mostimportantthingparentsneedtohomeschooltheirchildrenis69(like)themandenjoytheircompanyandtheirfoolishness.Theyhavetoenjoyalltheirtalksandquestions,andenjoyequally70(try)toanswerthosequestions.Inalmostallareasofthecountry,parentsdon'tneedaneducationdegreetohomeschool.Thosewithyoungchildrencanbeginahomeeducationprogramwhentheirchildrenturnschoolage.第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：13/13\n1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Yesterdaystartoutasanordinaryday.Imetahomelesspersononmywaytowork,soIstoppedbutdecidedtogivehimtomylunch.Itfeltlikeeverythingmuchtome,buthissmileofthanksaiditall!Ithentookaboxofchocolatestothemanwhomworksatthebikeshopbelowoffice.Hehadlentmehisbikeseveraldaysearly.Hewasn'texpectingit.Therefore,hewasexcitingtoreceivetheunexpectedgift.IrealizedthatIwaskindlytomyselfinfact.Besides,themoreIgave,thebetterIfeltandthemoreIwantedtodo.第二节书面表达(满分25分)某英文报正在组织一场英语作文比赛，请你以记忆中最难忘的一次经历为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1.经历简介；2.难忘的原因。注意：1.词数100左右；2.短文题目和首句已为你写好。ThemostunforgettableexperienceinmylifeEverybodyhasmanyexperienceshardtoforgetinlife,andI'mnoexception.13/13\n13/13