【走向高考】2022高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教师讲义手册 高考专项突破2 外研版

高考专项突破2A(2022·辽宁，D)Insidethepleasinglyfragrantcafe,SoAllMayEat(SAME)indowntownDenver,thespiritofgenerosity(慷慨)isinstantlynoticeable:Adonationboxstandsinplaceofacashregister.Customersherepayonlywhattheycanafford,noquestionsasked.Ariskybusinessplan,perhaps,butSAMECafehasdoneoneunchangeablethingintheMileHighCityforsixyears:Openonlyatmidday,therestaurantprovidespoorlocalpeoplewithhealthy,deliciouslunchessixdaysaweek.Thoseunabletopayfortheirmealscaninsteadvolunteeraswaitersandwaitresses,anddishwashers,orlookafterthebuildingsandequipmentforthecafe.“It'sbasedontrust,andit'sworkingallright，”sayscoownerBradBirky,whostartedthecafein2022withhiswifeLibby.Previouslyvolunteeringatsoupkitchens,theBirkysweredissatisfiedwiththeoftenunhealthymealstheyservedthere.“Wewantedtoofferqualityfoodinarestaurantwhereeveryonefeltcomfortable,regardlessoftheircircumstances，”Birkysays.SAME'sspeciallunchmenuchangesdailyandmostfoodmaterialsarenaturalandgrownbylocalfarmers.Thecafenowaverages65to70customers(andeightvolunteers)aday.Andthespiritofgenerositybehindtheprojectappearstobespreading.Inearly2022,onevolunteerwhohadclearedsnowforhismealsduringthelongwintersaidgoodbyetotheBirkys.“HesaidhewasgoingtoNewOrleanstohelpwiththehurricanecleanup，”saysBirky.1．WhatcanwelearnaboutthesoupkitchenstheBirkyspreviouslyworkedfor?A．Theyrefusedtohavevolunteers.B．Theyofferedlowqualityfood.C．Theyprovidedcustomerswithagoodenvironment.D．Theycloseddownbecauseofpoormanagement.答案：B　推理判断题。从第三段最后一句“...theBirkysweredissatisfiedwiththeoftenunhealthymealstheyservedthere.”可知答案为B项。2．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Thecustomerswhocannotpaycanworkasvolunteersinstead.B．MorevolunteerswillgotoNewOrleansforthehurricanecleanup.7\nC．Manynewcafeswillbeopenedtoofferfreelunchesinthetown.D．Thelunchmenuhasremainedthesamesincethecafewasstarted.答案：A　细节理解题。从第二段的“Thoseunabletopayfortheirmealscaninsteadvolunteeraswaitersandwaitresses，anddishwashers...”可知答案为A项。B、C两项未提及；从第四段的“SAME'sspeciallunchmenuchangesdaily...”可知D项错误。3．Theauthor'sattitudetowardsrunningsuchacafeis________.A．unfavorableB．approvingC．doubtfulD．cautious答案：B　态度观点题。从第二段第一句的这可能是冒险的商业计划而SAMECafe却将这些事情连续做了六年及最后一段第二句他的这种慷慨的精神不断延伸扩大可知，作者对这种做法持赞同的态度，故选B项。B(2022·课标全国，C)Abouttwentyofushadbeenfortunateenoughtoreceiveinvitationstoafilmstudio(影棚)totakepartinacrowdscene.Althoughour“act”wouldlastonlyforashorttime,wecouldseequiteanumberofinterestingthings.Weallstoodatthefarendofthestudioasworkmenpreparedthescene,settinguptreesattheedgeofawindingpath.Verysoon,brightlightswereturnedonandthebigmoviecamerawaswheeledintoposition.Thedirectorshoutedsomethingtothecameraoperatorandthenwenttospeaktothetwofamousactorsnearby.Sinceitwashotinthestudio,itcameasasurprisetoustoseeoneoftheactorsputonaheavyovercoatandstartwalkingalongthepath.Abigfanbeganblowingtinywhitefeathersdownonhim,andsoonthetreeswerecoveredin“snow”.Twomorefanswereturnedon,anda“strongwind”blewthroughthetrees.Thepicturelookedsorealthatitmadeusfeelcold.Thenextscenewasacompletecontrast(对比).Thewayitwasfilmedwasquiteunusual.PicturestakenonanislandinthePacificwereshownonaglassscreen.Anactorandactressstoodinfrontofthescenesothattheylookedasiftheywereatthewater'sedgeonanisland.Byasimpletricklikethis,palmtrees,sandybeaches,andblue,clearskieshadbeenbroughtintothestudio!Sinceitwasourturnnext,wewereleftwonderingwhatscenewouldbepreparedforus.Forafullthreeminutesinourliveswewouldbeexperiencingtheexcitementofbeingfilm“stars”！4.Whoistheauthor?7\nA.Acameraman.B.Afilmdirector.C.Acrowdsceneactor.D.Aworkmanforscenesetting.答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“...takepartinacrowdscene.”可知，作者是一位群众演员。5.Whatmadetheauthorfeelcold?A.Theheavysnowfall.B.Themanmadescene.C.Thelowtemperature.D.Thefilmbeingshown.答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后可知，拍摄电影时，要通过大电扇人为制造出漫天飞雪、寒风呼啸的场景，非常逼真以至于使人感到寒冷。6.Whatwouldhappeninthe“threeminutes”mentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Anewscenewouldbefilmed.B.Morestarswouldactinthefilm.C.Theauthorwouldleavethestudio.D.Thenextscenewouldbeprepared.答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，接下来的三分钟要拍摄另一个场景，作者要上场体验当“电影明星”的感受。C(2022·山东，A)ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru'sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Atenyearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.7\nNauru'srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate(磷酸盐)ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenacompanystripmines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Stripminingtotallydestroystheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.Unfortunately，theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately$433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.7．Whatmightbetheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．ToseekhelpforNauru'sproblems.B．Togiveawarningtoothercountries.C．Toshowtheimportanceofmoney.D．Totellaheartbreakingstoryofawar.答案：B　主旨大意题。文章第一段提到瑙鲁前后的变化以及该段最后一句“...othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.”可知作者的写作目的是为了引起其他国家的重视，以示警告。故选B项。8．WhatwasNaurulikebeforetheEuropeanscame?A．Richandpowerful.B．Modernandopen.C．Peacefulandattractive.D．Greedyandaggressive.答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“...usedtobeabeautifulplace.”以及第二段第一句“...livedontheremoteislandofNauru，farfromwesterncivilization.”可知瑙鲁在欧洲人到来之前是一个安定而美丽的地方。9．TheecologicaldisasterinNaururesultedfrom________.A．soilpollution7\nB．phosphateoverminingC．farmingactivityD．whalehunting答案：B　细节理解题。文章第四段提到一家英国矿业公司发现瑙鲁含有丰富的磷酸盐后开始开采，第五段又说明了其实这种露天矿的开采破坏了土壤的表层，最终使得“thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon”。因此可以看出其生态灾难是由过度的采矿引起的，故B项正确。10．WhichofthefollowingwasacauseofNauru'sfinancialproblem?A．Itsleadersmisusedthemoney.B．Itspenttoomuchrepairingtheisland.C．Itsphosphateminingcostmuchmoney.D．Itlostmillionsofdollarsinthecivilwar.答案：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“...theleaderinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition，theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.”可知领导人使用资金不当，致使瑙鲁陷入财政困难。故选A项。11．WhatcanwelearnaboutNaurufromthelastparagraph?A．Theecologicaldamageisdifficulttorepair.B．Theleaderswilltaketheexperts'wordsseriously.C．TheislandwasabandonedbytheNauruans.D．Thephosphateminesweredestroyed.答案：A　推理判断题。结合文章最后一段倒数第二句专家所说的修复瑙鲁(岛)需要花的钱和时间，以及最后一句“Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.”可以推断一旦造成生态破坏，是很难修复的。故选A项。D(2022·陕西，A)7\nWhatbringsanationtogether?Ofthefourchoices—sharedvalues,language,history,andreligion,it'ssharedvalues.Inourlatestpoll(民意调查),sevenoutof16countrieschosevaluesasthegreatestfactor(因素)bringinganationtogether,andsixpreferredlanguage.Bothchoicesscoredhighinthepoll,suggestingthatourvaluesandhowweexpressthemarecloselylinked.Still,historywasnotforgotteninsomecountries,particularlyinMexicoandRussia.EvenCanadaandtheUnitedStateschosenationalhistoriesasthesecondmostimportantfactorunitingtheirpeople.Thebiggestsurprise?Notonecountrypickedreligionasitstopchoice.RespectyoureldersInmostcountries,theoldestgenerationconsideredvaluesmoreimportanttoanationthandidthosewhoareunder45yearsold.DoyouspeakCanadian?LanguagescoredlowerinCanadathaninallothercountriespolled,perhapsbecausethecountryspeakstwoofficiallanguages,FrenchandEnglish.ChurchandstateMostpeoplepolleddonotconnecttheirreligiousbeliefstotheirnationalpride.Religionrankedlastin13countries—withFrancescoringitat1%,thelowestofall.12.Accordingtothepoll,whatwasthemostimportantfactorinbringinganationtogether?A.Language.B.Values.7\nC.History.D.Religion.答案：B　细节理解题。从第一段第二句“...it'ssharedvalues.”和第三句可知答案为B项。13.Inwhichcountrydidlanguagescorethelowestintheirnationalpride?A.Canada.B.Mexico.C.France.D.America.答案：A　细节理解题。根据“DoyouspeakCanadian”中的“LanguagescoredlowerinCanadathanallothercountriespolled...”可知在加拿大语言的得分比所有其他参与调查的国家的得分要低。故选A项。14.Accordingtothecharts,sharedvaluesandlanguagewereconsideredequallyimportantin________.A.AustraliaB.BrazilC.ChinaD.India答案：D　细节理解题。根据右边的图表可知在印度sharedvalues占32%的比例；sharedlanguage也是占32%的比例，故选D项。7