北京清华大学附属中学朝阳学校高考英语一轮复习 情态动词和虚拟语气复习

课题北京清华大学附属中学朝阳学校高考英语一轮复习情态动词和虚拟语气复习教学目标知识与技能Thestudentswillbeabletodistinguishthedifferentusagesofthemodalverbsandchoosethecorrectformofsubjunctivemoodaccordingtovariouscontexts.过程与方法Thestudentsarerequiredtoexaminesomesentencesusingthemodalverbsandsubjunctivemood,andthentrytofindoutthedifferencesbythemselvesandlaterlearntomakeaconclusion.Thestudentswillbegintoconsolidatewhattheyhavefoundthroughvariousexercises.Thestudentsarerequiredtoreflectwhattheyhavelearntinheartafterclassandthenre-thinktheexercises.情感态度与价值观ThestudentswillbemoreactiveintheprocessoflearningEnglishandmoreconfidentoftheirlearningabilitythroughinductiveteachingmethods.教学重点Thedifferentusagesofthemodalverbs;modalverbs+havedone;thestructuresofthesubjunctivemood教学难点Howtoguidethemtofindthedifferencesandsomesimilaritiesbetweenthem.教学方法Self-studymethod,inductivemethod,practicingmethod,etc.教学用具Themulti-media,Blackboard,worksheet课时安排2periods教学内容设计与反思板书设计:教学内容设计与反思6\nStep1情态动词考题印证1．—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.—Ah，goodmorning.You________beMrs.Peters.A．might　　　B．mustC．wouldD．can2．—Ihaven'tgotthereferencebookyet，butI'llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don'tworry.You________haveitbyFriday.A．couldB．shallC．mustD．may3．—MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?—No，you________.Youreaditinhere.A．mightn'tB．won'tC．needn'tD．mustn't4．Jackdescribedhisfather，who________abraveboymanyyearsago，asastrongwilledman.A．wouldbeB．wouldhavebeenC．mustbeD．musthavebeen情态动词的基本用法1．can和could的用法(1)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。Howcouldyoudosuchasillything?你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？(2)Cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好”。Youcan'tbetoocarefulwhiledriving.2．may和might的用法(1)may和might表示“许可”，“可能性”，“祝愿”等意义。(2)may作“可以”讲时，其否定式常用“mustn't”表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“needn't”，表示“不必”。—MayIuseyourcar?—No，youmustn't.(委婉的拒绝可用：Sorry，butIamusingitnow.或You'dbetternot.等)—MustIworkouttheproblemtonight?—No，youneedn't.3．must(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)Youmustnotspeakillofothers.(2)表示“偏执”，“固执”Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?4．shall的用法(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。Shallwebeginourclass？(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。Ipromisedheshallgetapresentforhisbirthday.5．will和would的用法6\n作情态动词的will，would与作助动词的will，would的各种形式相同。(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么，如意志、愿望或决心等。would用于过去的情况。Johnpromisedhisdoctorhewouldnotsmoke，andhehasneversmokedeversince.(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。Everymorninghewillhaveawalkalongthisriver.(3)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比usedto正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。LastyearourEnglishteacherwouldsometimestellusstoriesinEnglishafterclass.情态动词表推测表示对目前或将来情况的推测往往用“情态动词＋动词原形”这种结构。1．can用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，can't意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。ItisusuallywarminmyhometowninMarch，butitcanberathercoldsometimes.Thestorycan'tbetrue.这个故事不可能是真的。2．may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，maynot意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。may在疑问句中不能表示推测。Petermaycomewithustonight，butheisn'tsureyet.3．must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.4．should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。Thereshouldn'tbeanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.情态动词+havedone的用法表示对过去发生的情况或存在的状态的推测常用“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”这种结构。1．can/couldhavedone表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中can'thavedone多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。Theaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.2．may/mighthavedone表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外mighthavedone可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。Sorry，I'mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.3．musthavedone表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分肯定。Hemusthavecompletedhiswork；otherwise，hewouldn'tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.4．shouldhavedone表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却没有做；shouldn'thavedone表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。6\nI'mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.Ishouldn'thaveeatensomuchfriedchickenjustnow.5.needn'thavedone表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。—Catherine，Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou，Catherine.—Thanks.Youneedn'thavedoneit.Icouldmanageitmyself.Exercise1．Doctorssaythatexerciseisimportantforhealth，butit________beregularexercise.A．canB．willC．mustD．may2．Ifhe________myadvice，hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.A．followedB．shouldfollowC．hadfollowedD．wouldfollow3．—________Itakethebookout?—I'mafraidnot.A．WillB．MayC．MustD．NeedStep2虚拟语气考题印证1．—Johnwenttothehospitalalone.—Ifhe________meaboutit，Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A．shouldtellB．tellsC．toldD．hadtold2．Ifwe________theotherroad，wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A．takeB．hadtakenC．tookD．havetaken3．Teachersrecommendparents________theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A．notallowB．donotallowC．mustn'tallowD．couldn'tallow非真实条件句的虚拟语气情况从句的动词主句的动词例句与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be动词一律用were)would/could/should/might＋动词原形IfIhadtime，Iwouldattendyourparty.与过去事实相反had＋过去分词would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词Youdidn'tletmedrive.Ifwehaddriveninturn，youwouldn'thavegotsotired.与将来事实相反动词的过去式；should＋动词原形；wereto＋动词原形would/could/should/might＋动词原形Ifitsnowed/weretosnow/shouldsnowtomorrow，wewouldtakephotos[注意]1．若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。Hadyoutakenmyadvice，youwouldn'thavefailedintheexamination.6\n2．有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。Ifyouhadworkedhard，youwouldbeverytirednow.3．有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。Withoutelectricity(＝Iftherewerenoelectricity)，lifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.名词性从句中的虚拟语气1．在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)＋动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist坚决要求，prefer宁愿，urge主张，order命令，recommend劝告，建议，request要求，require要求，suggest建议，以及这些词的名词形式。Jane'spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill，andherparentssuggestedthatshe(should)haveamedicalexamination.2．wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋would＋动词原形Iwishshewerehere.Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.Iwishshehadtakenmyadvice.其他句型中的虚拟语气1．wouldrather句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。I'dratherwedidn'tgotoseeafilmthisevening.2．Itis(high/about)time(that)．..句型中的虚拟语气在句型“Itis(high/about)time...”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should＋动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。Itistime(that)wewenthome.3．ifonly引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气在“ifonly”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could/might＋动词原形”表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。IfonlyIhadnotbeenilllastweek!4．asif从句中的虚拟语气asif从句中，看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.Step3Exercise—Whyareyoureyessored?You_______havesleptwelllastnight.—Yeah,Istayeduplatewritingareport.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.won’t—WhatareyoudoingthisSaturday?—I’mnotsure,butI_______gototheRollingStonesconcert.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.mightI_______myselfmore—itwasaperfectday.6\nA.shouldn’thaveenjoyedB.needn’thaveenjoyedC.wouldn’thaveenjoyedD.couldn’thaveenjoyedSincenobodygavehimanyhelp,he_______havedonetheresearchonhisown.A.canB.mustC.wouldD.needIt_______bethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.A.mayB.couldn’tC.shouldD.needn’tStep4Homework1.RevisethegrammarknowledgeoftheModalwordsandSubjunctiveMood.2.情态动词与虚拟语气专项练习。6