备战2022年高考英语考点一遍过考点33it的用法含解析
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考点33it的用法高考频度:★★★★★考向一it作人称代词1.用来指代前文中提到的东西。既可指代具体的东西,也可指代一种情况。请看下面的例子1)Ihearyouboughtanewbike,canyoushowittome?2)IfIcanstophercomingtoyou,Ishalldoit.3)—Iwanttostayhereforanight.—Yourwifewon’tlikeit此时要注意与其他代词如that,one,those,this,another等的区别:1.Ihearyouboughtanewbike,Iwanttobuy_______,too.此处应填one,因为这里我并不是要买你的车,而是一辆新车,one=anewbike。2.Ihaveboughtanewbike,butIstillwanttobuy_______.此处应填another。我已有了一辆,再买另一辆。another=anothernewbike。3.Weseehimwhenwecometotown,but_______isn’toften.此处填that或it均可。指代前面我们去城里时可以看到他这一情况。4.Myseatisnextto_______oftheheadmaster.此处应填that,用来代替名词seat,that=theseat。5.Thebikesmadethisyeararebetterthan_______madelastyears.此处应填those或theones。代替前文的bikes,因其是复数概念,故用those或theones,those/theones=thebikes。2.也可以指动物Isthisyourdog?No,itisn’t.3用来指代人。说明某人的身份或者做某事的人;指代婴儿或儿童;在不清楚某人性别时,也可使用it,尤其在问答的形式中更为常见。例如:—Whoisit?—It’sme.14\nWhoisitthere?It’sI(me/you/he....).IthoughtitwasMary,butitwasnotshe.Herfacelightedwhenshesawwhoitwas.1.(2022·新课标卷I·语法填空)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive___70___atry.【答案】it\running【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处giveitatry意为:试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。2.—Who’sthatatthedoor?—__________isthemilkman.A.HeB.ItC.ThisD.That【答案】B【解析】考查代词的用法。句意:——谁在门外?——是送牛奶的。因为不知道门外的是什么人。故用it指代不清楚的人。故选B。3.IfIcanhelp_______,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A.soB.thatC.itD.them【答案】C考向二非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西,而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等,称为非人称的it:1.指天气:Itisalovelyday,isn’tit?14\nItisabitwindy.2.指时间:Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.3.指环境:Itwasveryquietinthecafé.4.指距离:Itishalfanhour’swalktothecitycentre.5指日期:What’sthedatetoday?It’stheeleventh,October.6指季节:Itissummernow.7指度量:Itisabout20pound/kg8.指价值:---What’sthecostofthedictionary?---Itissixty-three.9指温度It’s35centigradenow.SoIfeelhot.—Hegothisfirstbookpublished.Itturnedouttobeabestseller.—Whenwas_____?—_____wasin2000whenhewasstillincollege.A.that;ThisB.this;ItC.it;ThisD.that;It【答案】D考向二作形式主语,替代不定式、ing形式或主语从句(一)作形式主语替代主语从句1.①Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain....)that...该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,常译为"清楚(显然,真的,肯定……)"是主语从句最常见的一种结构。Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.=Thathe’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.②Itisimportant(necessary,right,strange,natural...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型;由于主句中的形容词不同,that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should+14\n动词原形),should可以省去,建议记住该句型中的形容词。Itisimportantthatwe(should)learnEnglishwell.Itisnecessarythathe(should)rememberthesewords.2.①Itissaid(reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....)that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语,真正主语是that引导的主语从句;该结构常译为"据说(据报道,据悉……)"。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.该句型常可以转换成含有宾语从句的复合句或者含有不定式作主补的简单句。例如:It’ssaidthatTomhascomebackfromabroad.→PeoplesaythatTomhascomebackfromabroad.→Heissaidtohavecomebackfromabroad.①Itissuggested(ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...)that...该句型和上一个同属一个句型,主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可以省;常译为"据建议;有命令…….)Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Itwasorderedthatwe(should)arrivethereintwohours.3.Itisapity(ashame/anhonour/agoodthing/afact,/asurprise/...)that...该句型中,that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形),should可省去.表示出乎意料,常译为"竟然"。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了,真遗憾!4.Ithappens(seems,looks,appears)that...该句型中it是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen,seem等词是不及物动词。Ithappened(sohappened)thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧……Itseemsthatheenjoyspopsongsverymuch.看来他非常喜欢流行歌曲。该句型可转换成含不定式的简单句。如上述两句可分别转换为:Hehappenedtomeethisteacherinthestreet.Heseemstoenjoypopsongsverymuch.5.it代替连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作形式主语14\n(1)Itisknown(notdecided,notmadeclear,foundout,discussed,beingdiscussed,beingconsidered,aquestion,uncertain等)+连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。Itisstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.我们将什么时候举行运动会还是一个问题。Itisuncertainwhetherhecanattendthisconferenceornot.他能否来开会还不能确定。(2)Itdoesn’tmatter(It’snowonder;Itdoesn’tmaketoomuchdifference等)+连接代词或连接副词引导的从句。Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherwegotogetherorseparately.我们一起去还是分开去都可以。Itisnowonderwhyhecameheretoolate.他为什么来这么晚不足为怪(二)作形式主语替代不定式。常见的句型有:1.①.Itiskind(ofsb.)todosth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有:bad,brave,careless,clever,cruel,foolish,good(好心的),honest,horrible,kind,lazy,modest,naughty,nice(有教养的),polite,rude,silly,stupid,wise,wrong(错误的)等。这个句型可以改写为:sb.iskindtodosth.。Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.②Itisnecessary(forsb.)todosth.该句型与上一个同属一个句型,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有:①important,necessary,natural②easy,safe,common,normal,hard,difficult,dangerous,unusual,rare,impossible,pleasant等。=在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写,如:Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe(should)cometotheparty.2.Ittakessb....todosth.该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间,常译为"做……要花费某人……"。IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.(三)作形式主语替代ing形式Itisnogood/nouse/uselessdoingsth.该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语。14\nItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.It’suselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.考向四作形式宾语,代替不定式、ing形式、宾语从句。1.Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.该句型中的it作形式宾语,为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为"6123结构"。6指主句中常用的动词:think,believe,make,find,consider,feel;1指的是形式宾语it;2指的是宾补的两种形式:形容词或名词;3指的是真正宾语的三种形式:不定式短语,动名词短语或that等引导的宾语从句。Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.Theprofessorthinksitnogoodreadingwithoutunderstanding.TheInternetmakesiteasierforcompaniestokeepintouchwithcustomers.Susanmade______cleartomethatshewishedtomakeanewlifeforherself.A.thatB.thisC.itD.her【答案】C【解析】这是一个宾语从句,make的宾语是that引导的句子,在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意为:Susan向我表明她希望能过上新的生活。故答案选C。2.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemade_________herdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it【答案】D2.在like,dislike,hate,love,take,appreciate,dependon,seeto(处理),insiston,help等动词后,形式宾语it后可直接跟宾语从句。此时,it表模糊概念,指代后面所叙述的内容。14\nYoumaydependonitthatIshallalwayssupportyou.Ihateitwhenpeoplelaughatthedisabled.IwillappreciateitifyoucanhelpmewithmyEnglish.HowwouldyoulikeifyouwerewatchingyourfavoriteTVprogramandsomeonecameintotheroomandjustshutitoffwithoutaskingyou?A.themB.oneC.thoseD.it【答案】D【解析】句意:当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时,突然有个人进来,一声不吭地关掉电视,你会怎么想?It作形式宾语,指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句,一个条件状语从句(if)和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句youwouldlike______分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语,需要一个宾格代词充当,所以答案选it。考向五it的重要句型1.强调句①Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who...该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后,被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语,强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子;这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.Itwastheythat(who)cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.ItwasyesterdaythatImetherinthestreet.Itisyouthat/whoarewrong.IthinkitwasJacksaidthis.(其中省略了who或that)Whatisityouwantmetodo?(it后省略了that)①Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语"直到……才……",可以说是not...until...的强调形式。ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilm14\nstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.强调句型的两种变形形式:一般疑问句形式:Is/Wasit…that…?特殊疑问句形式:Who/Whom/When/When等+is/wasitthat…?1)Wasitin1979______theAmericanastronautsucceeded______landingonthemoon?A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in(Key:D)2)Was______thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself(Key:A)3)Whowasitthatyoumetinthestreetyesterday?昨天你在街上遇到的是谁?WherewasitthatyoumetJackyesterday?你昨天是在哪里遇到杰克的?Idon’tmindhercriticizingme,butishowshedoesitthatIobjectto.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which【答案】A2.It+be的适当形式+时间+when-clause这个句型中,it指时间,而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句中的谓语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的,主句是willbe,when从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。常译为"当……的时候,是……"例如:Itwasalready8o’clockwhenwegothome.Itwillbemidnightwhentheygetthere.Itwasfiveo’clockintheafternoon_____theyclimbeduptothetopofthemountain.Itwasatfiveo’clockintheafternoon_____theyclimbeduptothetopofthemountain.14\nA.sinceB.whenC.thatD.until3.It+is/hasbeen+一段时间+since-clause这个句型表示从since从句谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去所经过的一段时间,意为"自从……以来已多久了"since从句后用一般过去时,例如:Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehisfatherpassedaway.他父亲去逝已经有三年了。Itis/hasbeenfifteenyearssincesheleftShanghai.她离开上海已经15年了4.①Itistime(abouttime,hightime)that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气,常用一般过去时态表示虚拟.Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.Itistimeyouboughtanewcar.Itis(high)timeyoumadeupyourmind.②Itisthefirst(second...)timethat...该句型要和上一个句型区别开来,该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态,。至于用什么完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态,该结构中that可以省去;it有时用this替换.常译为"是第一(二)……次……"。ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.Itwasthefifthtime(that)IhadpaidafriendlyvisittoAfrica.5.It+be的适当形式+一段时间+before-clause这个句型中的时间一般为表示一段时间的词语(如:long,years,months,weeks,days,hours,minutes),主句中的谓语动词用肯定式,意为"过多长时间才……"。主句的谓语动词是否定式时,意为"没过多长时间就……"。主句的时态可用过去时was或将来时willbe;用was时,before从句的动词用一般过去时;用willbe时,before从句常用一般现在时。例如:Itwasnotlongbeforeshelearnedthosepoemsbyheart.她没过多久就背会了那些诗歌。Itwaslongbeforethepolicearrived.过了很久警察才来。Itwillbehoursbeforehemakesadecision.要过好几个小时他才会作出决定。Itwillnotbehoursbeforewemeetagain.要不了几个小时我们还会再见面的。6.Itlooks(seems)asif...该句型中it无意义,asif引导一个状语从句。常译为"看起来好象……"如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气。14\nItlooksasifheisill.(真的病了)Itlooksasifhewereill.(没有生病)Itseemedasifheweredying.题组一能力过关I.单项填空1.Youngpeopleshouldbeindependent,anddon'ttake_________forgrantedthatyoucandependonyourparentswhenintrouble.A.oneB.itC.thisD.that2.Hedidn'tmake_________clearwhenandwherethesportsmeetwouldbeheld.A.thisB.itC.thatD.one3.Theydislike_________whenpeopledonotlookatthenamecards,soremembernottojustputtheminyourpocketwithoutlooking.A.thatB.themC.itD.you4.Wefind______easytogetalongwithournewteachershere.A.thatB.itC.thisD.不填5.Almost90%ofthemostpopularvideogamescontainviolence,andmuchof______isextremelyviolent.A.whichB.itC.themD.those6.Almost90%ofthemostpopularvideogamescontainviolence,andmuchof______isextremelyviolent.A.whichB.itC.themD.those7.Thepopsingeristalentedandelegant.____isnosurprisethatshehassomanyfansaroundtheworld.A.ItB.ThereC.ThatD.What8.Weallconsider_________significantthatweshouldcanceltheorderimmediately.A.howB.whichC.thisD.it14\n9._________isrequiredthateveryemployeeherebeabletouseacomputerandspeakgoodEnglish.A.WhichB.WhatC.AsD.It10.—Theweatherturnsouttobefine.—Wecandependon_________thatthegoodswillbeshippedtothefloodedareaontime.A.itB./C.thisD.whichII.短文改错WhileIwasdecidingwhatfoodtobuyinastore,ayoungmanworkedthereaskedmehowIwasdoing.Asusual,Itoldtruth.Hesaid,"I’llberightback."IthoughthewasanotherpersonwhothoughtItalkedtoomany,andpolitelyexcusehimself.Iwasheadingoutwhilehecamebackandhandedtomeabeautifulbunchofflowers.Tiedtohimwasanotesaying"HaveaHappyNewYear".Theactofthisyoungmanalmostmovedmetotear.Ithadbeenanextremedifficultday.Myheartwashurtandanangelcametotreatmeforkindness.题组二体验真题1.(2022·陕西)I’dappreciate________ifyoucouldletmeknowinadvancewhetherornotyouwillcome.A.itB.youC.oneD.this2.(2022·浙江)Anaverageofjust18.75cmofrainfelllastyear,making______thedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.A.eachB.itC.thisD.one14\n题组一能力过关1.B【解析】考查代词。句意为:年轻人应该独立,不能把遇到困难就依靠父母当作理所当然的事情。takeitforgrantedthat…是固定句型,表示“认为……理所当然”。2.B【解析】考查it的用法。句意:他没有弄清楚运动会将于何时何地举行。A.this代指下文的情况;B.it形式主语或形式宾语,代指句中真正主语或宾语;C.that代指上文的情况;D.one代指上文的可数名词单数。句中it为形式宾语,clear是宾补,真正宾语是whenandwherethesportsmeetwouldbeheld,故选B。3.C4.B【解析】考查代词it的用法。句意:我们发现与我们这里的新老师相处很容易。此处it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语为后面的不定式结构togetalongwithournewteachershere。故选B。5.B【解析】考查代词。句意:90%最流行的视频游戏都包含暴力,其中很多是极其暴力的。it指代不可数名词violence。6.B【解析】考查代词。句意:几乎90%的流行的视频游戏都包含暴力,很多是非常暴力的。用much说明of后面的代词指代不可数名词violence,用it代替,which引导非限制性定语从句,这句话有and,不是定语从句,them和those指代复数名词。故选B。7.A【解析】考查it的用法。句意:这个流行歌手非常有才,非常优雅。她在全世界有如此多的歌迷一点也不令人惊奇。it是形式主语,代指真正的主语从句“thatshehassomanyfansaroundtheworld”。14\n8.D【解析】句意:我们认为立刻取消这个订单是十分重要的。题干属于"consider+it+形容词/名词+不定式短语/that…"结构,此处应用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是that引导的从句。9.D【解析】句意:这里的每位员工都被要求能熟练操作电脑,会说流利的英语。题干属于"Itis+过去分词+that…"句型,故用It,It是形式主语,真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。10.AII.短文改错【答案】WhileIwasdecidingwhatfoodtobuyinastore,ayoungmanthereaskedmehowIwasdoing.Asusual,Itoldtruth.Hesaid,"I’llberightback."IthoughthewasanotherpersonwhothoughtItalkedtoo,andpolitelyhimself.Iwasheadingouthecamebackandhandedtomeabeautifulbunchofflowers.Tiedtowasanotesaying"HaveaHappyNewYear".Theactofthisyoungmanalmostmovedmeto.Ithadbeenandifficultday.Myheartwashurtandanangelcametotreatmekindness.【解析】第一处:worked→working14\n。考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语动词为asked,而work与其逻辑主语ayoungman之间为主谓关系,故应用其现在分词形式working作后置定语。第二处:truth前加the。考查冠词。tellthetruth"说实话"为固定短语。第三处:many→much。考查副词。此处应用副词much修饰动词talked。第四处:excuse→excused。考查时态。此处表示"我以为他是又一个觉得我话太多的人,于是礼貌地请求离开"。根据语境及从句中的"and"可知,此处应是excused与上文的was并列作从句的谓语动词,主语均为he,故应用一般过去时。第五处:while→when。考查连词。此处表示"我正要出去,这时他回来了并递给我一束(扎得)漂亮的花"。bedoing...when...为固定句型,表示"正在做……,这时……"。第八处:tear→tears。考查名词复数。movesb.totears"使某人感动得落泪"为固定搭配。第九处:extreme→extremely。考查副词。此处应用副词extremely"非常,极其"来修饰形容词difficult。第十处:for→with。考查介词。treatsb.withsth."以……态度/方式对待……"为固定搭配。题组二体验真题1.A【解析】考查代词辨析及语境理解。appreciate后跟接if或when从句时,其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句,若语义上需要接这类从句,需借助it。故选A。2.B【解析】这里用it代替时间lastyear,其他的选项代词不能代替时间。句意:去年平均降雨量18.75cm,是加利福尼亚在1850年成为一个州以来,去年是最干的一年。故选B。14
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