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天津专用2022高考英语二轮增分策略考前冲刺卷二

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考前冲刺卷(二)第Ⅰ卷第一部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节 单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Iactuallybelievethatwewouldwinthefootballmatchnowifyouontheleftleglastmonth.A.weren’tinjuredB.hadn’tbeeninjuredC.haven’tbeeninjuredD.wouldn’tbeinjured答案 B解析 句意为:我确实认为如果上个月你的左腿没有受伤的话,我们现在就能赢下这场足球比赛了。分析句子结构可知,Iactuallybelieve后是由that引导的宾语从句;且该宾语从句使用了混合虚拟语气,主句表示与现在情况相反,而if引导的虚拟条件句则表示与过去情况相反,故应用haddone结构。2.Tomwilltakechargeofthemeetingthisafternoon,andheisaskingonceheldthemeetingforsuggestions.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom答案 A解析 句意为:汤姆将负责今天下午的会议,他正在征求曾主持过这种会议的人的建议。asksb.forsuggestions向某人寻求建议。根据句意及句子结构可知,空处在句中引导宾语从句,表示“谁”,且在从句中作主语,故需用who来引导该宾语从句。3.PekingDuck,asoneofthebestwaystoeatthedeliciousduck,hasearned20\nareputationbothathomeandabroad.A.regardedB.regardingC.beingregardedD.toberegarded答案 A解析 句意为:北京烤鸭——被认为是最好的品尝美味鸭肉的方式之一——已经享誉国内外。根据句意及分析句子结构可知,空处应填非谓语动词,且PekingDuck与regard之间是被动关系,故应用其过去分词在句中作后置定语。4.Thehousewasgreatlydamagedbythetruck.We’dbetterleavethingstheyareuntilthepolicearrive.A.whatB.whenC.ifD.as答案 D解析 句意为:这辆卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。在警察到来以前,我们最好保持原样。分析句子结构可知,空处应用as在句中引导方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式,意为“按……的方式”。5.Listen!Johnson,togetherwithhisclassmates,theEnglishSpeechContesttobeheldnextweek.A.willdiscussB.hasdiscussedC.isdiscussingD.arediscussing答案 C解析 句意为:听!约翰逊和他的同学们正在讨论下周即将举行的英语演讲比赛。根据句中的“Listen”一词可知,空处所表示的动作现在正在进行,故应用现在进行时;又名词作主语,且其后有togetherwith连接的名词时,谓语动词的单复数应同前面的名词(Johnson)保持一致,故空处的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。6.Thecottagehaslargewindowsoneverysideonecouldenjoythelakesidescenery.A.onwhatB.fromwhatC.onwhichD.fromwhich答案 D解析 句意为:这幢小别墅四面八方都有大窗户,人们可以透过窗户欣赏湖边的景色。分析句子结构可知,空处应用“介词+关系代词(which/whom)”在句中引导定语从句,修饰先行词windows,故关系代词应用which;再结合句意可知,可将介词确定为from,故选D。7.Atfirstthethiefstronglydeniedthathejewelryfromthestore,butwhenthesolidevidencewasshowninthepresenceofhim,headmittedeverything.20\nA.hasstolenB.hadstolenC.wouldstealD.wasstealing答案 B解析 句意为:这个小偷一开始坚决否认他从那家商店偷了珠宝,但是当确凿的证据摆在他的面前时,他承认了一切。根据句意可知,空处所表示的动作发生在denied所表示的动作之前,表示“过去的过去”,故应用过去完成时。8.—Ihavebeenconsideringcancellingtheprojectbecauseitseemshardtogofarther.—Butit’stooearlytonow.There’sstillmuchhope.A.pickupthepiecesB.throwinthetowelC.gothroughyourpacesD.jumpdownyourthroat答案 B解析 句意为:——我一直在考虑取消这个项目,因为它似乎很难更进一步了。——但是现在放弃努力的话为时尚早,仍旧有很大的希望。根据句意可知,throwinthetowel认输,承认失败,放弃努力,符合语境。pickupthepieces(使)恢复,补救,收拾残局;gothroughone’spaces展示自己的能力;jumpdownone’sthroat突然训斥某人。9.Whodoyouthinkshouldtakeresponsibilityfortheproblemstheprimaryschoolinthepastfewyears?A.experiencedB.hadexperiencedC.hasexperiencedD.wouldexperience答案 C解析 句意为:你认为谁应该对这所小学在过去几年里遇到的问题负责呢?根据句中的时间状语“inthepastfewyears”可知,此处应用现在完成时,表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响。故选C。10.Mostofthescenesinthefilmhadbeencutbeforeitwasshownatthecinema,soparentsdon’thavetoworryaboutthenegativeeffectofthefilm.A.violentB.puzzlingC.impressiveD.conventional答案 A解析 句意为:这部电影的大部分暴力场景在电影院上映前已被删剪了,因此父母没有必要担心这部电影的消极影响。根据句意可知,violent暴力的,符合语境。puzzling令人迷惑的,令人费解的;impressive给人印象深刻的;conventional传统的,依照惯例的。11.Therailwaycompanyextendedabranchlinetotheseasidetofishdirecttodifferentpartsofthecountry.20\nA.applyB.donateC.conveyD.recommend答案 C解析 句意为:铁路公司将一条支线延伸到了海边以把鱼直接运送到全国各地。根据句意可知,convey运输,运送,符合语境。apply应用,运用;donate捐赠,赠送;recommend推荐,建议。12.Ineversuspectedforaminutethatyoushoulddoubtmyoriginalintentions,andisthisyourewardmeformyhelp?A.howB.whyC.whatD.whether答案 A解析 句意为:我片刻都没怀疑过你竟然会质疑我的初衷,这就是你报答我的帮助的方式吗?分析句子结构可知,空处在句中引导表语从句,且在从句中作方式状语,故应用how“如何,怎样”来引导该表语从句。13.Hiswifelefthimwhenthechildrenweresmall,sohethefamilyhimself.A.broughtinB.broughtupC.broughtbackD.broughtabout答案 B解析 句意为:当孩子们还小时他的妻子就离开了他,因此他独自养活了这个家庭。根据句意可知,bringup抚养,养育,符合语境。bringin推行,引入;bringback使想起,恢复;bringabout导致,引起。14.—Oh,HannahjusttoldmethatshewasunabletotranslatethereportintoEnglish.—?Sheoncespent10yearslivinginLondon.A.GuesswhatB.WhynotC.SowhatD.Howcome答案 D解析 句意为:——哦,汉娜刚刚告诉我她无法将这份报告翻译成英语。——怎么会呢?她曾经在伦敦住了10年。根据语境,尤其是答语中的“Sheoncespent10yearslivinginLondon.”可知,howcome怎么会呢,符合语境。guesswhat你猜怎么着;whynot为什么不呢;sowhat那又怎样。15.Actuallywedoalotofthingsthatalwayseachotherallthetime:for20\nexample,wegetboredofbeingchildren,areinarushtogrowup,andthenlongtobechildrenagain.A.repeatB.balanceC.contradictD.interrupt答案 C解析 句意为:事实上我们总是一直做许多相互矛盾的事情:例如,我们厌倦了做小孩子,急着长大,然后又渴望做回小孩子。根据句意可知,contradict相矛盾,符合语境。repeat重复;balance抵消,保持平衡;interrupt使暂停,使中断。第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。(2022·红桥区一模)Ihaven’treceivedchocolate,cars,flowersoranythingsincemyhusbandwaskilledinacaraccident.HealwaysbroughtmeflowersforValentine’sDayandit’s16formetoseealloftheadvertisingforValentine’sDayand17oflovethatnowonlyexistinmymemories.Anyway,yesterdayIdidmyweeklyshopping,andI18thatthegrocerystorehadevenputonaValentine’sDaysaleandwasofferingadozenrosesfor12.19Iboughtsome,knowingthatmyhusbandwould20metohavethem.Ihopedthattheywouldliftmy21,althoughItrulyjustfeltupsetattheideaof22flowersformyself.WhileIwasputtingmygroceriesintomybag,Inoticedthatamanoppositemewasusingalargequantityof23bagsratherthanbringingrecyclablebagstopack.Isaid,“Heysir,youcan24oneofmybags.”Hejustsaid,“That’snot25.”Iinsistedbysaying:“Idon’twantanythingfromyou.Ihave26andI’dbehappytogiveyouone.”Ireceivedanother“NO”27.Ratherthanletthisunpleasantmanaffectme,asIleft,I28wishedhim“abetterday.”AsIwentfromstoretostoreandmetupwithallofthesalespeoplewhoregularlyserveme,Ipulledouta29andwishedthemaHappyAdvanceValentine’sDay.Theladyatthecosmeticscounterjumped30thecountertohugme.Thereallyoverworkedpharmacistwhorarelyeversmileswasso31bythissimplegiftthatshehadtearsinhereyesandhersmileactually32theentirebackofthestore.Alltoosoonmyroseswere33,butthenitoccurredtomethatsomewherealong20\nthewayIhad34havingtoforcemygoodmood.Bysimplybringingalittle35intopeople’slives,Ibroughtjoyintomyown.16.A.relaxingB.hardC.excitingD.helpful答案 B解析 根据前文“myhusbandwaskilledinacaraccident”可知到了情人节的时候看到电视上的各种广告,自己不禁想起丈夫,这会让作者感到很难过。17.A.signalsB.remarksC.preparationsD.reminders答案 D解析 signal信号;remark评论;preparations准备;reminder提醒。根据“andoflovethatnowonlyexistinmymemories”可知关于丈夫的爱的表达只能存在于回忆当中了。18.A.notedB.recalledC.supposedD.believed答案 A解析 根据前文“Anyway,yesterdayIdidmyweeklyshopping”可知作者去购物的时候注意到了所销售的玫瑰的价格。19.A.YetB.AgainC.SoD.Then答案 C解析 根据“Iboughtsome,knowingthatmyhusbandwouldmetohavethem”可知因此作者买了一些玫瑰花。20.A.adviseB.wantC.allowD.require答案 B解析 作者知道丈夫也想让自己能够拥有玫瑰花。21.A.feelingsB.courageC.spiritsD.strength答案 C解析 根据下文“althoughItrulyjustfeltupset”可知作者希望这些玫瑰花能让自己精神振作起来。22.A.buyingB.sendingC.makingD.collecting20\n答案 A解析 根据前文“Iboughtsome.”可知此处是指作者买了一些玫瑰的这个主意。23.A.clothB.dirtyC.usedD.plastic答案 D解析 根据下文“ratherthanbringingrecyclablebagstopack”可知那位男士使用的是塑料购物袋。24.A.seeB.haveC.findD.carry答案 B解析 根据下文“I’dbehappytogiveyouone.”可知作者是想把手中的购物袋送给他。25.A.possibleB.interestingC.essentialD.necessary答案 D解析 possible可能的;interesting有趣的;essential重要的;necessary必要的。根据下文“Iinsistedbysaying:‘Idon’twantanythingfromyou’”可知那位男士认为没有必要。26.A.extraB.moneyC.funD.duty答案 A解析 根据“Idon’twantanythingfromyou.IhaveandI’dbehappytogiveyouone.”可知作者不要他的任何东西,自己有多余的,很乐意给他。27.A.onpurposeB.inresponseC.asusualD.bychance答案 B解析 onpurpose故意地;inresponse作为回应;asusual和通常一样;bychance意外地。此处表示作者又收到另一个拒绝的回应。28.A.bravelyB.anxiouslyC.curiouslyD.smilingly答案 D解析 根据“Ratherthanletthisunpleasantmanaffectme.”可知作者不想让那个令人扫兴的男士影响自己,离开时仍然微笑着祝他度过愉快的一天。29.A.bagB.cardC.roseD.gift20\n答案 C解析 根据下文“Alltoosoonmyroseswere.”可知作者把之前购买的玫瑰送给了遇到的每一个人。30.A.onB.acrossC.throughD.away答案 B解析 根据“Theladyatthecosmeticscounterjumpedthecountertohugme.”可知化妆品柜台的那位女士越过柜台拥抱作者。31.A.confusedB.inspiredC.movedD.attracted答案 C解析 根据下文“shehadtearsinhereyes”可知那位女士非常感动。32.A.broughtupB.setupC.filledupD.litup答案 D解析 bringup培养;setup建立;fillup充满;lightup照亮。根据“andhersmileactuallytheentirebackofthestore.”可知她的微笑实际上照亮了整个商店的后面。33.A.deliveredB.goneC.packedD.offered答案 B解析 根据“Alltoosoonmyroseswere”可知很快作者手中的玫瑰就送完了。34.A.practicedB.triedC.stoppedD.started答案 C解析 根据“butthenitoccurredtomethatsomewherealongthewayIhadhavingtoforcemygoodmood.”可知后来作者突然明白,在某个地方,自己已经停止强迫自己有个好心情。35.A.sunshineB.patienceC.trustD.tolerance答案 A解析 sunshine阳光;patience耐心;trust信任;tolerance忍耐。根据“Bysimplybringingalittle20\nintopeople’slives,Ibroughtjoyintomyown.”可知通过简单地给人们的生活带来一丝阳光,快乐就会走进自己的生活里。第二部分 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分,满分50分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AHomestaysprovideEnglishlanguagestudentswiththeopportunitytospeakEnglishoutsidetheclassroomandtheexperienceofbeingpartofaBritishhome.WhattoExpectThehostwillprovideaccommodationandmeals.Roomswillbecleanedandbedcoverswillbechangedatleastonceaweek.Youwillbegiventhehousekeyandthehostistheretoofferhelpandadviceaswellastotakeaninterestinyourphysicalandmentalhealth.AccommodationZonesHomestaysarelocatedinLondonmainlyinZones2,3and4ofthetransportsystem.MosthostsdonotliveinthetowncenterasmuchofcentralLondoniscommercialandnotresidential(居住的).Zones3and4oftenofferlargeraccommodationinalesscrowdedarea.ItisveryconvenienttotravelinLondonbyunderground.MealPlansAvailable◇ContinentalBreakfast◇BreakfastandDinner◇Breakfast,PackedLunchandDinnerIt’simportanttonotethatfewEnglishfamiliesstillprovideatraditionalcookedbreakfast.YouraccommodationincludesContinentalBreakfastwhichnormallyconsistsoffruitjuice,cereal(谷物类食品),breadandteaorcoffee.Cheese,fruitandcoldmeatarenotnormallypartofaContinentalBreakfastinEngland.Dinnersusuallyconsistofmeatorfishwithvegetablesfollowedbydessert,fruitandcoffee.FriendsIfyouwishtoinviteafriendovertovisit,youmustfirstaskforyourhost’spermission.Youhavenorighttoentertainfriendsinafamilyhomeassomefamiliesfeelitisaninvasionoftheirprivacy.Self-CateringAccommodationinPrivateHomesAccommodationonaroom-onlybasisincludessharedkitchenandbathroomfacilitiesandoftenamainlivingroom.Thiskindofaccommodationoffersan20\nindependentlifestyleandismoresuitableforthelong-staystudent.However,itdoesnotprovidethesamefamilyatmosphereasanordinaryhomestayandmaynotbenefitthosewhoneedtopracticeEnglishathomequiteasmuch.36.Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor.A.hostswillingtoreceiveforeignstudentsB.foreignershopingtobuildBritishcultureC.travelersplanningtovisitfamiliesinLondonD.EnglishlearnersapplyingtoliveinEnglishhomes答案 D解析 读者对象题。根据第一段及后面的内容可知,这是一则面向想学英语的学生的寄宿招生广告,因此选D。37.Whichofthefollowingwillthehostprovide?A.Roomcleaning.B.Medicalcare.C.Freetransport.D.Physicaltraining.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Roomswillbecleaned”可知A项正确。其余选项文章中并没有提及,故排除。38.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Zone4ismorecrowdedthanZone2.B.ThebusinesscenterofLondonisinZone1.C.Hostsdisliketravelingtothecitycenter.D.Accommodationinthecitycenterisnotprovided.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“Homestaysarelocatedin...iscommercialandnotresidential(居住的).”可推断出伦敦的2、3、4区相对于1区来说是居住区,反推1区应是文中所指的伦敦的中心商业区。39.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoesContinentalBreakfastinclude?A.Dessertandcoffee.B.Fruitandvegetables.C.Breadandfruitjuice.D.Cerealandcoldmeat.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“ContinentalBreakfastwhichnormallyconsistsoffruitjuice,cereal(谷物类食品),breadandteaorcoffee.”可知,只有C项正确。20\n40.Whydosomepeoplechooseself-cateringaccommodation?A.Toexperienceawarmerfamilyatmosphere.B.ToenrichtheirknowledgeofEnglish.C.Toentertainfriendsastheylike.D.Toenjoymuchmorefreedom.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thiskindofaccommodationoffersanindependentlifestyle”可知,这种寄宿方式为居住者提供了更独立、更适宜的生活方式,即给了他们更多的自由,故选D。BA12-year-oldwithendstagecancer,thechild’sparentshadrecentlymovedherfromthehospitaltoherhomeinthesuburbsofLosAngeles.Somedayslaterthegirl’sbreathquickened,andherfatherphonedthefamily’shospicenurse.“Pleasecome,”hesaid.Thenurseknewthevisitwouldrequiremorethanfourhoursofhertime:atwo-hourdriveineachdirection,plushertimewiththegirl.“Whydon’tweconnectoverFaceTime?”sheasked.Thefatheragreed,andtheyconnected.Thenurseaskedthefathertomovehisdaughtergentlytoherside,thentoherback,toliftthechild’sshirt.Thenursewouldask:Whatdoyousee,whatconcernsyou,andthefatherwouldexplain.Inthisfashionthepairexaminedthegirl—thenurseonhercomputer,thefatheronhisiPad.Togethertheydecidedthatthenurse’spresencewasnotnecessary,thatthechildhadmoretime.Later,thefatherreportedfeelingcomfortedbythenurse.Heappreciatedheravailability,thefactthatshecouldseewhathesaw,andtheirabilitytodiscussitinrealtime.TelemedicinehasbecomeatrendinAmerica.Somehospitalshavegonesofarastospeciallydesigntelemedicineclinics.Theroomisstagedlikeanofficebutwithbetterlighting.There’sanicedeskforthecliniciantositbehind,acomputersituatedstageleft,andbooksinthebackground.Aphysiciantakingavideocallfromhomemightwearapairofheadphones,equippedwithamic—toensurewhateverthepatientsaysisn’tbroadcasttoanyoneoff-camera.However,thereissomethingmorethanthetechnologybit.AccordingtoDavid,theheadofthetelemedicinepilotthegirl’sfamilyhadbeenpartof,therearesomepeoplewhoaregreatinpersonandyouputthemoncamerathey’redead20\nfish.“Somephysiciansarecamerashy.Butforothers,thephysicalisolationcanactuallyhelpthembemoreempathetic.”Headds.“Myexperienceisthat,onceyougetpastsomeinitialhurdles,youcanmaintainanintimate,immediateconnectionwithpatientsthatinsomecasesmaybemoreusefulthanevenin-personinteractions,”Davidsays.41.WhydidthenursesuggestconnectingviaFaceTime?A.Becauseshewasnotallowedtoleaveherclinic.B.Becauseshehadtotakecareofotherpatients.C.Becauseittooktoomuchtime.D.Becausethegirlwaswithendstagecancer.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,护士建议通过FaceTime连接,是因为会花费太多的时间在去病人家的路上。故选C。42.Howdidthefatherthinkofthetelemedicineservice?A.Hedoubtedthequalityoftheservice.B.Hechallengedtheauthorityofthenurse.C.Heinsistedtheservicebeimproved.D.Hethoughthighlyoftheservice.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第四段“Later,thefatherreportedfeelingcomfortedbythenurse.Heappreciatedheravailability,thefactthatshecouldseewhathesaw,andtheirabilitytodiscussitinrealtime.”可知,这位父亲高度评价这项服务。43.Whatdoweknowabouttheroomfortelemedicine?A.Betterairconditionersareprovidedforacomfortableenvironment.B.Amicisequippedtoprotectprivacyofpatients.C.Professionalbooksareinplaceforimmediateconsultation.D.Theroomwithacomputerissituatedinthedoctor’shome.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句“Aphysiciantakingavideocallfromhomemightwearapairofheadphones,equippedwithamic—toensurewhateverthepatientsaysisn’tbroadcasttoanyoneoff-camera.”可知,远程医疗的房间带有麦克风的耳机可以保护病人的隐私。故选B。44.Whatchallengesmaydoctorsfaceintelemedicine?A.Theyareafraidofbeingisolatedfrompatients.20\nB.Theycouldnotexaminethepatientscarefully.C.Theyarerequiredtodealwithin-personinteractions.D.Theymaynotfeelquitethemselvesinfrontofacamera.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“AccordingtoDavid,theheadofthetelemedicinepilotthegirl’sfamilyhadbeenpartof,therearesomepeoplewhoaregreatinpersonandyouputthemoncamerathey’readeadfish.”可知,有些医生可能会在摄像机前面感觉不自在。45.WhatisDavid’sattitudetowardstelemedicine?A.Hehasnofaithinthetelemedicinetechnologyinthelongrun.B.Heisverydependentontelemedicineashehimselfisshy.C.Heisinfavorofthenewformofmedicinetechnology.D.Hethinkstelemedicinewillreplacetraditionalmedicineintime.答案 C解析 观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“Butforothers,thephysicalisolationcanactuallyhelpthembemoreempathetic.”以及最后一段内容可知,David对这种新型的远距离医学持支持态度。C(2022·河西区一模)Before1840architectsandbuildersmadebuildingsfromstone,brick,orwood.Theoutsidewallshelduptheweightofthebuilding.Abuildingthathadmorethanafewstoriesbecameveryheavy.Atallbuilding,suchasacastle,hadverythickwalls.Astimewentby,architecturebegantochange.By1850buildershadbeguntouseametalcalledironforthefrontsofsomelargebuildings.Ironislighterthanstoneandstrongerthanwood.Peopledigrawironfromtheground,butrawironisnotenoughtouseinbuildings.Buildersmustuseanothertypeofironcalledanalloy.Analloyisametalthatcontainsdifferentmetalsandothercompounds,ormixturesofchemicals.Themetalsandcompoundsaremeltedandmixedtogethertoformthealloy.Tomakeanironalloy,workersuseablastfurnace.Thismachinecreatesgreatheat.Ithasatallchamberthatislinedwithbrickandopenatthetop.Workersputlimestone,rawiron,andcoke(asubstancemadefromcoal)intothetopofthefurnace.Theyforcehotairintothebottomofthefurnace.Thehotairandachemicalreactionturnthematerialsintoaliquidmass.Workerspouroffwasteliquid,called20\nslag,andsavetheiron.Thentheyformthehotironintolargeblockscalledpigs,whichcanbeformedintoobjects.Thisformedironiscalledcastiron.Castironisstrong,butitstillcontainsunwantedmaterials.Peoplewantedtoremovetheseimpurities.Todothis,theyneededtoheattheirontoveryhightemperature.Blastfurnacescouldnotmakethatmuchheat.InEnglandin1855,SirHenryBessemerfoundthesolution.Heforcedairthroughliquidpigiron.Theoxygenintheairmixedwiththeimpuritiesintheironinaprocesscalledoxidation.Oxidationcreatesheat.Theheatturnsimpuritiesintoslag,whichispouredoffsothatonlypuresteelremains.Puresteelismuchstrongerthaniron.TheBessemerprocesstookplaceinanegg-shapedmachinecalledaconverter.Withthisprocess,workersbegantomakelargeamountsofsteelquicklyandcheaply.Bythelate1800s,manypeoplelivedinbigcities.Thepriceoflandincreased,onewaybuilderscouldlowercostswastobuildtallerbuildings,whichusedlessland.InChicagoin1889,GeorgeA.FullercompletedtheTacomaBuilding,whichhadsteelbeamstoholdupitsweight.Soonpeoplebuiltmoretallbuildingswith10to20stories.Thesewerethefirstskyscrapers.46.Alloysareimportantbecausethey.A.havenoimpuritiesB.aretherawmaterialsthatpeopleusetomakeironC.maybemoreusefulthantheseparatemetalsinthealloyD.containdifferentmetals答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“Peopledigrawironfromtheground,butrawironisnotenoughtouseinbuildings.Buildersmustuseanothertypeofironcalledanalloy.”可知C选项正确。47.TheBessemerprocesswasasuccessbecauseitproduced.A.ironfromsteelB.steelquicklyandcheaplyC.lessslagthanablastfurnaceD.impuritiesintheiron答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Withthisprocess,workersbegantomakelargeamountsofsteelquicklyandcheaply.”可知选B。48.SirHenryBessemerprobably.20\nA.avoideddifficultproblemsB.createdslagintopuresteelC.wasnotfamiliarwithmetalssuchassteelD.knewhowtomakecastiron答案 D解析 推理判断题。结合第四段铸铁的制造比较困难和第五段SirHenryBessemer的发明可知D正确。49.Fromthearticle,youcanconcludethatarchitectsthroughouthistory.A.thoughtcarefullyaboutmaterialswhentheydesignedbuildingsB.couldnotdesigncreativebuildingsuntilsteelwasinventedC.dislikedstone,brick,andwoodD.likedtodesigntallbuildings答案 A解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了建筑中使用的一些材料的演变。故可推知建筑师选择材料很细心。故选项A正确。50.Whichofthestatementsbelowexpressesthemainideaofthearticle?A.Discoveriesaboutironandsteelhaveallowedpeopletobuildtallerbuildings.B.SirHenryBessemerdevelopedaprocesstomakesteel.C.Architectsusemanykindsofmaterialsinbuildings.D.Changesaboutdesigningbuilding.答案 A解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了建筑中使用的一些材料,尤其是铁和钢的演变。故A正确。DAttemptaguessatthefollowingquestion:IntheEnglish-speakingworld,whichcountryhastheleastaffordablehomes?YouarewrongifyouguesstheUS,evenwiththehousingbubble(泡沫)andmainsadness.NorisittheUK,wherepriceshaverisenbecausesupplydoesn’tmeetdemand.Accordingtoarecentsurveyof227citiesaroundtheglobe,youmustgosouthoftheequator(赤道)toAustraliatofindthepriciesthomes.Thereportmeasuresacity’shousingmarketalongthefollowingguidelines.An“affordable”homerequiresthreetimesorlessoftheaveragefamily’syearlyincometopurchase.Atfourtimesearnings,ahomefallsintothe“unaffordable”category.Anda“seriouslyunaffordable”homeneedsfivetimesafamily’syearly20\nincome.InAustralia,homesintheleastaffordablecitycostjustabout9.5timestheaverageincome.Sydney,Perth,andMelbourneareonlyalittleunderthisfigure,9times.Australianofficialshaveofferedlittlecomment,apartfromageneralstatementonthedepressingfindings.ThesepricesmakethepossibilitythatmanyAustralianswillonedayownahomelargelyunbelievable.Landrationing(配给制)andexcessive(过分的)developmentchargeshaveraisedpricesandtheproblemwillonlybesolvedthroughurgentactionbytheRuddgovernment.SomeAmericancitiesarealsoincludedontheleastaffordablelist,fourofwhichareinCalifornia.Americaisstillinvolvedinamortgage(抵押)crisis,though,affectingtheaffordabilityofhomes.Hence,alotofpeopleprefertorenthouses,whichisalsotheproductofbeinganationonthewheels.YetanumberofUScitiesgain“affordable”status,namelyDallasandKansas.Australiahasnocitieslistedinthetopfiftyplaceswithaffordablehomes.Thesurveysuggeststhatyoucanfindaffordablehomesinmostplaces,justifyou’renotAustraliananddon’tchoosetolivedownunder.Butwhatisthesituationlikeinnon-English-speakingcountries?51.Tobuyanaffordablehouse,youshouldpay.A.3timesorlessoftheaveragefamily’syearlyincomeB.4timesorlessoftheaveragefamily’syearlyincomeC.5timesorlessoftheaveragefamily’syearlyincomeD.9.5timesorlessoftheaveragefamily’syearlyincome答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知,不超过年平均收入的房价是可购买房价,再高就买不起了,故选A。52.WhichcausesthepricesofhousestoincreaseinAustralia?A.Therisingfamily’sincome.B.Thedemandoversupply.C.Theexcessivedevelopmentcharges.D.Thedecreaseofland.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,土地配给制和过分的开发收费造成了房价上涨,因此选C。53.ItisimpliedthatinAmerica,.20\nA.allthepeoplecanaffordhomesB.notallitscitizenscanaffordhomesC.Americansdon’tliketokeephousesD.noneofthepeoplecanaffordhomes答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段前两句可推知,许多美国人也买不起房子,故选B。54.Supposeyourfamily’syearlyincomeis100,000(amongtheaverage),howmuchwillyoupayifyouwanttobuyahouseinyourhomecity,Melbourne?A.350,000.B.950,000.C.500,000.D.900,000.答案 D解析 数字计算题。根据第二段最后一句“Sydney,Perth,andMelbourneareonlyalittleunderthisfigure,9times.”可知,墨尔本的房价是平均家庭年收入的九倍。100,000×9=900,000,故选D。55.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.AffordableHousesB.AHouseIsaDreamFirstC.HousingReformingAchievementsD.HomesTooExpensive答案 D解析 标题归纳题。本文是围绕高房价来讲的,谈论的话题也是高房价的问题,因此D项最适合作本文标题。20\n第Ⅱ卷第三部分 写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节 阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读短文,按照题目要求用英语回答问题。(2022·河西区一模)ThaiisascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia.Sherecentlydiscoveredaprocessthatcouldresultinbatterieslastingforever.Thaisaidshehadbeenannoyedthatthebatteriesforhermobilephonedegrade(退化)overtimeandneedchargingfrequently.Soshedecidedtodosomethingaboutthatproblem.Atfirst,shethoughtaboutinventinganewbattery.Butassheexperimented,Thaidiscoveredsomethingthatmightpermitlithiumbatteries(锂电池)tolastforever.Lithiumbatterieslosttheabilitytoholdacharge.Mostofthesebatterieshavealifespanofabout7,000chargingcyclesbeforetheydie.Themainreasonlithiumbatteriesdegradeistheiruseofnanowires(纳米线)tocarryelectricity.Nanowiresareextremelythin.Ahumanhairisthousandsoftimesthicker,forexample.Nanowiresareextremelyefficientcarriersofelectricity,whichmakesthemusefulinbatteries.ButThaisaidtheirthinnessalsomakesthemweak.“Nanowiresbreakovertime,”Thaisaid.“That’swhytheylosefunction.”ButThaihadatheory:Thenanowiresmightlastlongerifcoveredwiththegel(凝胶).Shetestedhertheory.“Itwasalongprocessandalotofwork,”Thaisaid.Shetriedmanycoveringsforthewires.Thegelwasoneofthem.Thenanowireswerecoatedwiththegelandcycledthroughcharges200,000times.Thegelcoatednanowiresshowednoevidenceofdamage.Theresultssuggestthatbatteriescouldlastforever,withoutlosingchargingability.Thaihopestounderstandwhythegelworkssowellandtoseeifothercoveringscouldcreatebetterresults.Thaisaidshewasveryexcited.Shehadn’tthoughtthatherresearchcouldreceivesomuchpublicity.“It’skindofcool,”shesaid.“I’mreallygladthatpeopleareshowinginterestinmyworkandnotjustintheworkitself,butalsointechnologyandenergy.”56.WhatledThaitomakethediscovery?(nomorethan10words)Thefunctionofbatteriesforhermobilephonedecreased./Thebatteriesforhermobilephoneneedchargingfrequently.解析 根据第二段开头“Thaisaidshehadbeenannoyedthatthebatteriesforhermobile20\nphonedegrade(退化)overtimeandneedchargingfrequently.”可知,Thai说每次手机电池需要不停充电,让她很恼火,所以促使她有了这次的发明。57.Whydonanowiresusedinlithiumbatteriesbreakovertime?(nomorethan6words)Becausetheyareextremelythin.解析 在第四段“Nanowiresareextremelythin.”这句告诉我们纳米线极其细,所以时间一长就坏了。58.WhatwastheresultofThai’sexperiment?(nomorethan10words)Batterieswithnanowirescoveredwithgelcouldlastforever.解析 根据第五段中的“Thenanowiresmightlastlongerifcoveredwiththegel(凝胶).Shetestedhertheory.”可知,如果纳米线有凝胶覆盖着可能会使用寿命更长,为此Thai做了实验。59.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?(nomorethan10words)Sheneverexpectedherresearchtobewidelyconcerned.解析 她从没想过她的研究会这么受到关注。60.WhatdoyouthinkofThai’sdiscovery?Givereasonsinyourownwords.(nomorethan20words)IthinkThai’sdiscoveryisveryimportantbecauseitmightpermitlithiumbatteriestolastforever.解析 根据全文内容介绍可知,她的发明解决了手机电池短寿的原因,所以她的发明很有意义。第二节 书面表达(满分25分)(2022·和平区一模)假设你是李津,一位叫Alisa的美籍交换生在某网站发帖称,她打算本周末到你所在的城市旅游,并且想找一名高中生做导游。请你给她写一封电子邮件推荐自己,内容包括:1.自我介绍;2.说一说自己所在城市的特色;3.给Alisa提一些建议,并询问对方的需求。注意:1.词数不少于100;2.开头和结尾已经写出,不计入总词数;3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。DearAlisa,It’spleasingtocomeacrossthemessageyouleftontheInternet.20\nLookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiJin参考范文DearAlisa,It’spleasingtocomeacrossthemessageyouleftontheInternet.IthinkI’mqualifiedforthejobandreadytobeyourguideatthisweekend.I’mLiJin,aboyofseventeenfromXinhuaMiddleSchool.I’mgoodatspeakingEnglish.Besides,beingoutgoingandeasytogetalongwith,Ireallyenjoymakingfriendswithothers.Aboveall,I’vebeenlivingheresinceIwasbornandIknowthecityverywell.Therearelotsofplacesofinterestinthiscity.IfyouareinterestedinChinesehistory,Istronglyrecommendsomeofthemtoyou.Anyofyourrequirementswouldbegladlyheard.I’dappreciateitifyouwouldbesogoodastogivemeachance.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours,LiJin20

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