2023高考英语 热门考点强化专练九 动词词义辨析

语法复习九：动词词义辨析动词是是各类考试的重点，高考试题中，单项填空、完形填空和改错等三项题型中，动词辨义的比重较大，并逐年增加。动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词之间辨义。如：lie,lay;hanged,hung;rise,raise;sit,seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow,lend;speak,say,talk;hope,wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise,advice;cost,worth;pass,past等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain,say;discover,invent,uncover;find,findout等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask,give,call,make,find,get,keep,want,see,hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：givein,giveup,turnon,turnoff,turndown,turnup等。（一）易混动词1、lay（放）,lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中文原形过去式过去分词现在分词说明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。3、hear与listento：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listento是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listento却用于集中注意力的听。4、see,watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Areyougoingtoplayoronlywatch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：Thelittleboylookedmeintheface.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。7、hear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born…短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:HewasborninShanghai.而作它用时要用borne。如：Shehasbornefivechildren.但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。8、sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用beseated。如：Theywereseatedattheirdesks.或用seatoneself,比如:Iseatedmyselfinthearmchair.9、borrow,lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，agame,anargument,abattle,aprize,acontest,arace,abet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:Ihavewonhim.即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。-6-\n13、take,bring与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是take，而去取回来是fetch。14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shutyourmouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shutup.在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answerfor，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。16、reach，arrive与getto：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有getto,arrive(at/in)。17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost,spend,take，但各有不同用法。cost作“花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如:shespentallhismoneyonstamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如Ittakesmethreehourstofinishthiswork.18、lost,gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost,gone，但要用miss时则不能用missed,而要用missing.19、haveon,wear,puton及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。haveon与wear作穿着状态讲;但haveon不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。puton是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:Hewasdressedinab1uesuit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：Idressmychildreninthemorningeveryday.20、begin与startbegin与Start均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:weshou1dhavetostartearlybecausetherewasalottrafficinthestreet。21、allow与permitallow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：Peoplearenotallowedtospit.22、find与foundfind找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：ThePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.23、speak,say,talk与tell英文中讲有4个词，speak,say,talk,tell，但其中speak,talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：PleasespeakEnglish。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tellmeastory。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词，如：Mywatchwasbroken.Itcouldn’ttelltimecorrectly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为Itsaid…。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Canyoutellmethedifferencebetweenthetwo？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：Thefatheralwaysspeakswellofhisson.。24、excuseme与sorryexcuseme用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。25、carefor与caretodo-6-\ncarefor其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Wouldyoucareforacupoftea？但carefor作照顾讲时与lookafter相同。26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.),advice(n.);accept(v.),except(prep.);pass(v.),past(prep.);bathe(v.),bath(n.);breathe(v.),breath(n.);choose(v.),choice(n.);succeed(v.),success(n.);27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，strike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。28、动词+副词+介词：catchupwith,lookforwardto,comeupwith,keepupwith,goinfor,lookdownon,getonwith…29、动词+介词to的词组有：cometo,stickto,objectto,agreeto,turnto,attendto,belongto,devoteto,replyto…30、与in相结合的动词有：givein,handin,bringin,dropin,succeedin,takein,checkin,engagein,fillin,tradein…（二）动词短语动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词，不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异。需掌握以下要点：1、根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。(I)动词+副词(不及物)Harryturnedupafterthepartywheneveryonehadleft.晚会后，人们都已离去，哈里出现了。(2)动词+副词(及物)Pleaseturneverylightinthehouseoff.请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。如：Sheturnedoffallthelightswhichhadbeenlefton.她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。如：Shegavethemaway.她送掉了它们。(3)动词+介词(及物)I'mlookingformyglasses.我在找我的眼镜。注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾。如：She'sgotmoreworkthanshecancopewith.她的工作多得使她应付不了。(4)动词+副词+介词Ilookforwardtoseeingyousoon.我盼望不久就见到你。注：“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+副词”、“动词+副词+介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。Inthiswaybothgrainandvegetablecanbewelllookedafter.(不能漏掉after)这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。2、熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同的动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①hearfrom收到…的来信，hearof听说。②lookafter照料，lookat看，lookfor寻找。(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时，意义上的差异。如：①ringback回电话,ringoff挂断电话,ringup打电话②putaway放好,puton穿，上演,putup挂起，举起。-6-\n(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：lookfor寻找,callfor去取(某物)，去接(某人),askfor请求,waitfor等候,sendfor派人去叫。(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时，在意义上的差异。如：①breakout发生，爆炸,carryout进行，开展,goout熄灭,handout分发,letout放出,lookout当心,sellout卖完,setout出发,takeout取出,workout算出。②breakdown出毛病,comedown落下来,getdown下车,takedown取下,writedown写下。练习、动词词义辨析1.Icanhardly____thedifferencebetweenthetwowords.A.pointB.speakC.sayD.tell2.I____youwillwritemebacksoon.A.wishB.hopeC.wantD.need3.Iaskedhimto____meafewminutessothatIcouldhaveawordwithhim.A.spendB.spareC.saveD.share4.Fatherwillnot____ustotouchanythinginhisroomwhenheisaway.A.haveB.letC.agreeD.allow5.Ilearnedto____abicycleasasmallboy.A.rideB.driveC.operateD.run6.Ican____youtotherailwaystationinmycar.A.sendB.pickC.rideD.take7.Ifnoone____thephoneathome,ringmeatwork.A.answersB.returnsC.repliesD.receives8.1don'tknowtherestaurant,butit's____tobequiteagoodone.A.saidB.toldC.spokenD.talked9.Theseboxesaretooheavyforyourmother,you'dbetter____themforher.A.bringB.carryC.takeD.fetch10.Therewasafightinthestreetyesterday.Threepeoplewereseriously____.A.hurtB.killedC.brokenD.cut11.Carelessdriving____alotofhighwayaccidents.A.affectsB.givesC.causesD.results12.I've____myumbrellaintheofficeandI'llhavetofetchit.A.forgotB.leftC.remainedD.lost13.Thedoctorsaysafewdays'restinaquietplacewill____youalotofgood.A.makeB.doC.giveD.get14.Hisheart____fastwhentheteacheraskedhimadifficultquestion.A.beatB.hitC.jumpedD.ran15.Thecookingchicken____verygood.A.smellsB.feelsC.soundsD.tastes16.Mostchildrenstayathomeuntilthey____schoolage.A.getB.comeC.reachD.arrive17.Asinglemistakeherecould____youyourlife.A.payB.takeC.spendD.cost18.Theboyworkshard.I____himtosucceedintheexam.A.likeB.expectC.thinkD.need-6-\n19.We____eachotherthebestofluckintheexamination.A.hopedB.wantedC.expectedD.wished20.I'mafraidMrBrownisn'tin.Wouldyouliketo____amessage?A.giveB.leaveC.carryD.take21.Doyouknowthegirl____aredcoat?A.dressedinB.hadonC.woreD.puton22.TheassistantsuggestedMary____theblueskirt.A.buyingB.boughtC.tobuyD.couldbuy23.OurteachersuggestedWangLin____toAmericaforfurtherstudy.A.shouldsendB.wouldbesentC.sendingD.besent24.OldMrJacksoninsisted____totheFriendshipHospital.A.onbeingsentB.tosendC.onsendingD.beingsent25.ThefatherinsistedthattheirsonTom____cleverenoughtostudymusic.A.beB.shouldbeC.wasD.wouldbe26.I____thetelevisionsetfor1,500yuan.A.boughtB.paidC.costD.spent27.I____playfootballthanbasketball.A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.likebetterD.prefer28.-Whatareyoudoing?-I'mlooking____thechildren.Theyshouldbebackforlunchnow.A.afterB.atC.forD.up29.Thesportsmeetwillbe____tillnextweekbecauseofthebadweather.A.putoffB.putawayC.putupD.putdown30.Ireallydon'twanttogototheparty,butIdon'tseehowIcan____it.A.getbackfromB.getoutofC.getawayD.getoff31.Readerscan____quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.A.getoverB.getinC;getalongD.getthrough32.Manyforeigners____theGreatWallastheWorld'sSeventhWonder.A.lookatB.lookforC.lookaroundD.lookon33.1can'thearclearly.Please____theradio____alittle.A.tum;onB.tum;offC.tum;downD.tum;up34.Thirtypeoplewereexpected,butonlytwenty-four____.A.turnedinB.turnedupC.turnedtoD.turnup35.Thechildisrunningahighfever.Wemust____adoctoratonce.A.sendinB.sendoutC.sendforD.sendup36.I'mgoingtoapopconcertwithTom.He'll____meateightandwe'llgotheretogethe;A.callforB.callinC.callonD.callup37.Itisofteneasiertomakeplansthanitisto____.A.carryonthemB.carryoutthemC.carrythemonD.carrythemout38.Yourcompositionmustbe____afterclass.A.handedtoB.handedoutC.handedinD.handedover-6-\n39.Anewschoolwas____inthevillagelastyear.A.heldupB.setupC.sentupD.broughtup40.-Whendidtheplane____?-At2o'clock.A.takeoff'B.takeupC.takeawayD.takeplace41.____!There'sdangerahead.A.LookatB.LookupC.LookonD.Lookout42.Let's____tocleanthehouse.It'stoodirty.A.setaboutB.setoutC.setoffD.setdown43.Iusedto____myteacherwhenIwasinBeijing.A.callin.B.callatC.callforD.callon44.He____fromhisfamilyandsettleddowninAmerica.A.brokeawayB.brokeoutC.brokeupD.brokein45.Hehadto____hisfather'sbusinessafterhisdeath,thoughhedidn'treallywanttocontinueit.A.carryoutB.pickupC.setupD.carryon46.Therobbershadnotroublein____thebank,butwhentheycameout,thepolicewerewaitingforthem.A.breakingoutB.breakingintoC.breakingupD.breakingawayfrom47.Autumniscoming.Thefarmersarebusy____thecropsinthefields.A.movinginB.sharinginC.handinginD.gettingin48.Allthestudents____theirholidaystotakepartinplantingtrees.A.gaveoutB.gaveinC.gaveupD.gaveaway49.Hewasalwaysthelasttoleaveinordertocleanuptheworkroomand____thetools.A.putawayB.takeawayC.pushasideD.lookafter50.____thisarticleandtellmewhatyouthinkofit.A.LookupB.LookonC.LookintoD.Lookthrough参考答案语法复习九：动词词义辨析1~5DBBDA6~10CAABA11~15CBBAA16~20CDBDB21~25AADAC26~30AACAB31~35CDCBC36~40ADCBA41~45DBDAD46~50BDCAD-6-